When pregnancy occurs after menstruation. Myths about conception: pregnancy after menstruation

When menstruation ends and blood stops flowing from the vagina, the body begins to prepare for the conception of a new life. What happens after menstruation is the beginning of a new cycle of egg maturation and its release from the follicle. Approximately on the 14th day, she leaves the follicle. This period is called ovulation and is considered the ideal time for the egg to meet the sperm.

Discharge after menstruation

In most cases, when a woman is healthy, her periods pass without pathologies. Transparent discharge from the vagina after menstruation, which does not have an unpleasant odor and stands out in a small amount, may appear, but you should not worry. This is considered the norm.

Symptoms that the work of the reproductive system is out of tune can be:

• mucus with impurities and large blood clots. Such mucous discharge may be accompanied by itching in the area of ​​the labia, have a sharp, sour, unpleasant odor. They cause severe discomfort in women. Discharge with large blood clots most often signals a genital infection or malignancy. This symptom should not be ignored.
• discharge with a yellowish and greenish tint. In most cases, these are symptoms of a violation of the microflora of the vagina. Often such discharges appear after infectious diseases (tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc.), which were treated with antibiotics.
• dark brown or black discharge, bloody discharge. In this case, these may be signs of serious diseases of the reproductive system, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, varicose veins, and cancer.

If unusual discharge is found after menstruation, it is urgent to undergo a medical examination in order to avoid serious complications in the future.

Pain after menstruation

Often, critical days do not go very well for women. They feel constant weakness and discomfort in the lower abdomen. But after menstruation, nothing should bother them.

Discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen, in the lumbar region, ovaries, external genital organs during the period when bleeding have already passed, they can talk about the following problems:

Infections of the organs of the reproductive system.

Violation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Hormonal disbalance.

Every woman should be aware of what happens after menstruation. Pain that occurs at the end of menstruation is a symptom of various diseases. When these symptoms appear, you should not hesitate. It is necessary to undergo complex medical treatment.

Breast pain after menstruation

For a couple of days, during PMS, many women experience chest discomfort. The breasts may swell and the nipples become very sensitive. When menstruation comes, the pain goes away. If discomfort continues to bother a woman after menstruation, then this is also a reason to go for an examination to a gynecologist.

In cases where chest pain remains after menstruation, the density of adipose tissue and the severity of the glands are preserved - these are signs of an increased level of estrogen in a woman's body. A blood test for hormones can confirm the data.

Elevated estrogen levels signal the following:

Pregnancy. It is worth paying close attention to what happens before, during and after menstruation. Scanty periods, pain in the chest and abdomen can be symptoms of the birth of a new life in a woman's body.

Mastopathy. Examinations by a mammologist of the fair sex should take place once a year.

Oncology. Pain in the chest after menstruation can also talk about malignant tumors in the mammary glands.

Hormonal imbalance. This symptom can be caused by various diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive systems.

Also, the chest can hurt after menstruation with mechanical damage. Incorrectly chosen underwear, bruises, blows - possible reasons chest discomfort.

Stomach pain after menstruation

As already mentioned, at the end of menstruation, a woman should not experience any discomfort in the lower back, in the ovaries and external genital organs. If the stomach hurts after menstruation, the first thing to do is to undergo a comprehensive diagnosis.

Perhaps the cause of the discomfort is caused by serious pathologies in the woman's body, which she could not even suspect. But also do not panic if you experience abdominal pain after menstruation. Excessive excitement can only aggravate the situation.

Those women who are aware of what happens to their body before, after and during menstruation may notice the occurrence of certain diseases earlier. Therefore, it is worth monitoring your health, and when the first symptoms of ailments appear, seek medical help.

Menstruation is - it is a consequence of long-term hormonal processes in the body. From month to month, the body prepares for the onset of a possible pregnancy. Every month, the mucous membrane grows, then to exfoliate again. Menstruation does not have any therapeutic effect, and does not cleanse the body and does not remove harmful substances from it.

What happens in the body during menstruation?

Shortly before the end of the cycle, the mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the uterus is ready to receive a fertilized egg. But if fertilization does not occur, the level of hormones in the blood drops sharply, and this entails a whole chain of processes. As a result, the mucosa begins to disintegrate and exfoliate, subsequently leaving with the blood.

These phenomena do not occur immediately on the entire surface of the mucosa, but gradually. Leaking blood is the result of individual small bleedings that last no more than an hour, until the particles of the endometrium are completely torn off from the entire surface.

The normal duration of menstruation is on average three to five days. But at the same time, both long periods up to 8 days and short two-day periods are not considered an anomaly. As a rule, the duration of menstruation increases if a woman uses a spiral, and decreases if birth control pills are taken.

How much blood is lost during menstruation?

From 50 to 100 grams. Such losses are very quickly compensated by the female body. The assertion that menstruation can lead to anemia is fundamentally wrong. It can occur if menstruation is very frequent or very plentiful.

The duration of menstruation, as well as the amount of blood released by each woman are individual and can vary from cycle to cycle. The abundance and duration of menstruation directly depends on the density of the mucosa.

What is menstrual fluid made of?

At its core, it consists of blood, as well as the secret secreted by the uterine glands, from particles of the uterine mucosa and cells of the vaginal epithelium. As a rule, menstrual fluid does not form clots.

Should I be concerned if there are clots in my menstrual fluid?

Not worth it. They formed because there were quite abundant secretions, and the enzymes did not cope with the task and let the “raw blood” through. While you were lying, it accumulated and curled up, and when you got up, the clots came out. But if heavy periods are not normal for you, then this is precisely the cause for concern.

Where does blood come from during menstruation?

It flows out of the uterine cavity through the opening of the cervix, lingers briefly in the vagina, and then exits through the opening in the hymen. There are times when there is no hole in the hymen. Fortunately, they are very rare and easily recognized. The accumulation of blood in the vagina causes severe pain, but a small surgical incision will solve this problem.

Where does menstrual odor come from?

Discharge during menstruation is sterile, despite their Brown color. They come from the uterus, and are not at all infectious, and not dirty. They acquire their smell while in the vagina, where microbes are always found. If you don't like the smell, try changing your pads more often and occasionally douching your vagina with warm water.

Most reactions in the body go with the participation of hormones. And is no exception. The volume of these substances in the blood is not the same at each of its stages, but must have certain values. Control over them is important, because hormones during menstruation affect not only reproductive capabilities, but also the general condition of the female genital area, as well as psychological. An imbalance of these substances can cause many diseases. various organs and systems.

Hormones enter the blood through the endocrine glands. It is worth saying that the balance of these active substances depends on the age of the woman, the stage menstrual cycle, general health criteria. The picture of the background of a teenage girl should normally differ from that of 45-year-olds.

The reproductive function of a woman is provided by a system that includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries. The first part of it is located in the brain and produces hormones designed to control the endocrine glands. The hypothalamus is located in close proximity to the pituitary gland and already controls its functioning, producing liberins and statins. The former stimulate the production of the necessary hormones, the latter inhibit it when necessary. But the hypothalamus does not release liberins and statins arbitrarily; to maintain a balance between stimulating and inhibiting the production of active substances, it receives information from all parts of the body.

This makes the hormone system very complex. Violations in any of its sections respond to the functioning of all the others. And a malfunction, for example, of the thyroid gland will entail the same in the female reproductive system.

Hormones throughout the cycle

Hormone levels and menstruation have a direct relationship. The main ones are follicle-stimulating and luteinizing. Both are produced by the pituitary gland, causing the ovaries to produce other substances - estrogen and progesterone. The latter push the uterus and mammary glands to prepare for the likely fertilization and subsequent development of the embryo.
The menstrual cycle is divided into three stages:

• Follicular, which exists before the release of the egg;
• , characterized by its aging;
• Luteal, which occurs after the release of the egg.

Follicular stage

It is calculated from the first day of menstruation. It is during this period of time that the uterine cavity is released from the upper layer of the endometrium and the dominant follicle is isolated. At the beginning of the stage, the lining of the uterus is full of blood vessels and nutrients intended for the embryo. female hormones in menstruation at this stage, the growth of the endometrium, thickening and removal to the outside are determined. By this time, estrogen and progesterone are reduced to their lowest values, due to which its upper layer is rejected.

At the same time, the level of follicle-stimulating hormone rises. With full health, its quantity and the size of the cavity, in which the egg then matures, increase throughout the initial phase of the cycle. Both the size of FSH and the follicle acquire the greatest value two weeks after the first day of menstruation. The latter produces a large amount of estrogen, which stimulates the development of cells of a new layer of the endometrium. The follicular stage is the longest in the cycle. In short, he becomes as the woman approaches.

Despite the increased size of the follicle, it has not yet exited the ovary. For this to happen, luteinizing hormone must enter the process.

ovulatory stage

The maturation of the egg is accompanied by an increased level of LH. It is he who adjusts the divergence of the follicle shell and its exit. In time, ovulation takes from 16 to 32 hours and ends with the release of the egg. Even after that, in the course of 12-24 hours, the amount of LH is greater than ever. It makes fertilization more likely in the presence of sperm. A similar effect of hormones on menstruation ensures childbearing.

luteal stage

Its countdown is calculated after ovulation, the stage lasts approximately 14 days. The final one is the last before the next menstruation. At the beginning of the luteal period, the bursting follicle closes, thus forming the corpus luteum, that is, a set of cells that produce progesterone. The task of these hormones during menstruation is to prepare the uterus for the probable attachment of the fetal egg to its wall. It is he who causes the growth of the endometrium, the accumulation of nutrients by it. Thanks to him, the figure rises if conception has happened. Progesterone, as well as estrogen, also prepare the breast for the future feeding of the baby, expanding the ducts of the mammary glands. From this, before menstruation, she becomes more sensitive to soreness.

In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum disappears 13-14 days after ovulation. That is, hormones before menstruation quantitatively decrease. So the body approaches another menstrual cycle, saving resources, preparing for a new probable attempt to fertilize the egg.

If conception happened, another hormone comes into play - chorionic gonadotropin person. It is he who is an undoubted criterion of pregnancy, because only the fetal membrane is capable of producing it.

The only group of active substances that quantitatively increases before menstruation is androgens. Which hormone rises before menstruation is easy to understand by a particularly good appetite during this period, the appearance of acne on the skin.

Why analyze

If you know what an important role active substances play in a woman's body, it would be logical to assume that hormone analysis is very informative. It can identify diseases such as:

• Infertility;

With any difficulties with childbearing, this study is prescribed one of the first. Many diseases that are not related to the sexual sphere can also be diagnosed by the amount of hormones.
It is necessary to know their healthy concentration at different time intervals of the cycle in order to make a diagnosis. Of course, it is a specialist’s job to evaluate and choose treatment, but it will not be harmful for any woman to figure out which hormones during menstruation and in addition to them should decrease and increase, as evidenced by violations, when and how to take the material in order to have a result corresponding to reality.

Analysis delivery algorithm

Hormones are very sensitive to external influences. Stress, hypothermia, can distort the picture. Therefore, it is necessary to take this analysis outside of infections and other listed circumstances. There are some more details of preparation for manipulation:

• It must be taken on an empty stomach, that is, in the morning. Food can distort the picture;
• The day before the procedure, alcohol, smoking and sex are excluded;
• The use of drugs is taken into account, and not only those containing hormones.

Time for analysis

If you need to find out the concentration of female active substances, then the stage of the menstrual cycle matters. Blood for hormones during menstruation is allowed for analysis when it is necessary to find out the level:

• Estradiol;
• progesterone;
• testosterone;
• DGA-S;
• DEA sulfate;
• Prolactin.

Analyzes for the listed substances will be accurate if they are done on the 2-5th day of menstruation.

Women are also interested in what hormones to take after menstruation, since this is also possible and sometimes even necessary. These studies include:

• FSH. It is also determined on the 19-21st day of the cycle;
• LG. The same terms as for FSH will do;
• Progesterone. Its amount can also be detected on the 21-22nd day of the cycle or 6-8 days after ovulation;
• Prolactin. The time interval for passing the analysis is similar to progesterone.

Testosterone, DEA-sulfate, DGA-S can be checked at any stage of the menstrual cycle. A woman's health is also affected by many hormones that do not have a direct effect on menstruation, but have an effect on other organs. This feature can affect a woman's ability to bear children, so the analysis examines them too. It's about

• Cortisol;
• Ketosteroids.

Their values ​​​​are important if pregnancy is planned.

Analysis rate

They are determined by what day of menstruation to take hormones, because their number, as already mentioned, should normally be different at different stages of the cycle. In full health, the indicators look like this:

• FSH. In the follicular phase, the indicator reaches 4-10 U / l, during ovulation - 10-25 U / l, in the luteal period 2-8. Survivors women FSH equal to 18-150 IU / l;
• LG. In the follicular period it is 1.1-11.6 mU / ml, during ovulation - 17-77, in the luteal period the maximum value is 14.7. When using oral contraceptives, the value is 8 mU / ml or less, and after menopause 11.3-39.8;
• Progesterone. This indicator in the follicular segment, it has a value of 0.3-1.6 μg / l, during ovulation - 0.7-1.6, in the luteal period - 4.7-8 μg / l. After menopause - 0.06-1.3. During pregnancy, this figure increases from the 8th week;
• Prolactin. The usual value ranges from 4.5-33 ng / ml in the follicular period, during ovulation it is 6.3-49, in the luteal phase - from 4.9 to 40 ng / ml. After conception and for the entire period of lactation, prolactin rises from 500 to 10,000 mIU / l;
• Estrogens. These hormones normally range from 5 to 53 pg/ml in the follicular part, 90-299 pg/ml in the ovulatory part, and 11-116 pg/ml in the luteal part. With menopause, it decreases to 5-46;
• Testosterone. The numbers of the free indicator differ not by the stages of the menstrual cycle, but by the age criterion. However, there is total testosterone which is 0.26-1.3 pg/mL;
• DGA-S. The indicator ranges from 2.5 to 11.6 µmol per day;
• DEA sulfate. Normal levels in women should not rise above 80-560 mcg/dL.

What does hormonal imbalance mean and what does it lead to

As a rule, a noticeable difference in indicators from the norm signals trouble in the body. If hormones that affect menstruation are calculated, then it refers mostly to the reproductive sphere:

• FSH increases with oncological ailments of the pituitary gland, insufficiency of ovarian function. It can also be caused by alcoholism. The hormone decreases with ovarian sclerocystosis and overweight;
• LG. Problems with the pituitary gland, obesity can reduce the volume. The increase threatens those who have changes in the structure of the ovaries or brain tumors;
• Prolactin. It affects the synthesis of progesterone by the corpus luteum, suppresses FSH during pregnancy, and participates in metabolic processes. Prolactin also supports milk production. When the hormone is exceeded or deficient, the development of the follicle is disrupted, which prevents ovulation. An excess of prolactin is observed in tumors, hypothyroidism, disorders of the ovaries or pituitary gland (it is also the culprit of the deficiency), autoimmune dysfunction;
• Estrogens. Outside of pregnancy, estradiol plays a major role in the cycle. Estriol is responsible for the "interesting position". The first is produced by the follicle, the corpus luteum to regulate the cycle, the maturation of the egg. Elevated estrogen levels indicate tumors of the ovaries or adrenal glands. It is also observed in overweight women, since adipose tissue is also capable of producing them. A decrease in estrogen does not allow ovulation, therefore it can cause cycle failure, infertility;
• Progesterone. Its elevated values ​​occur with neoplasms of the ovaries or adrenal glands. A decrease in the indicator is provoked by constant inflammation of the reproductive organs, and this entails meager periods, not the onset of ovulation, problems while waiting for a baby, or infertility;
• Testosterone. Another male element, the excess of which causes early spontaneous abortion. These hormones during menstruation in an overestimated amount disrupt ovulation. This is a consequence of diseases of the adrenal glands or ovaries;
• Androgens. These are male hormones, and their excess provokes disruption of the ovaries, excess body hair, and infertility. And too low a level reduces sexual appetite.

What to do if there is no menstruation

It happens not only due to the "fault" of pregnancy, but also in pathological conditions that do not manifest themselves in any other way. The most harmless reason for this is long-term use of birth control pills. In this case, menstruation is permissible to wait up to six months.

If this reason is excluded, you will have to find out the real one with a specialist. A woman may have a question: how to donate hormones if there is no menstruation? After all, many of them need to be done at a certain stage of the cycle. The specialist will recommend an analysis regardless of this, that is, on any convenient day for the patient. He will need to know the level:

• Prolactin.

Excessive hair in a woman, excess weight, stretch marks on the skin, or a diagnosis of "polycystic ovary syndrome" make it appropriate to count also

• free testosterone;
• progesterone;
• insulin;
• Estradiol;
• Cortisone.

And yet, if a problem arises, how to pass hormones if there is no menstruation, the first analysis should be on hCG. It is likely that pregnancy is the culprit for their absence.

How to return menstruation with hormones

It is advisable to use medicines if you know which substances are not enough to restore a full cycle. Hormones with a delay in menstruation cause the body to consistently reproduce all its stages, if chosen correctly. Therefore, before proceeding with treatment, it is worth waiting for the results of the analysis. After all, if there is an excess of progesterone, then its additional doses will aggravate the situation. In the cycle, it is not so much the volume of hormones that matters, but the ratio. Therefore, preparations based on them should be selected by a gynecologist based on the decoding of the analysis.

Period-causing hormones are found in the following medicines:

• . This medicine contains progesterone. An artificially synthesized substance is similar to what is produced by the female body, but despite this it can cause allergies. Has some contraindications;
• . Its basis is estrogens and gestagens. Arbitrary use is fraught with severe bleeding. The drug also has many contraindications, can cause intolerance;
• Utrozhestan. The active substance is progesterone. The tool also does not tolerate uncontrolled use, because it can cause the growth of tumors of the mammary glands, allergies, an asthma attack;
• (Puregon, Menogon). These drugs stimulate the release of FSH and LH. They are used not just to restore the cycle, but to get pregnant. Their independent use can provoke "fatigue" of the ovaries, excessive growth of the endometrium.

Oral contraceptives are also suitable for inducing menstruation, but this is also under the guidance of a specialist.

It is possible that the reason for the delay was not a deficiency or excess of the mentioned hormones, but malfunctions in the work of the organs that produce them. Then the treatment should not be limited to taking these pills, it should be directed to the fight against the underlying disease. And it may not concern the reproductive sphere, but affect, for example, the endocrine system or the brain.

The importance of hormones during menstruation cannot be overestimated. And yet, sometimes, to normalize their balance, it is enough not to worry about nonsense, eat normally, rest on time and regularly appear to the gynecologist.

Before using any drugs, you should consult a specialist doctor, there are contraindications.

Obstetrician-gynecologist, endocrinologist, candidate of medical sciences Appointment

Obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics, candidate of medical sciences, specialist in the field of aesthetic gynecology Appointment

As we already wrote, the entire menstrual cycle, including menstruation itself, depends on the hormonal system of a woman, which is controlled by the hypothalamus. It is located in the brain and from there “gives commands” that, through a special pituitary gland, actuate the ovaries. Those, in turn, produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the activity of the uterus and the development of the egg. Now consider what processes occur in the uterus.

A few days before the end of the menstrual cycle, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) becomes very elastic, preparing to receive a fertilized egg. In the event that fertilization has not occurred, the level of hormones in the woman’s blood drops sharply, and this, in turn, entails a number of phenomena such as narrowing of the endometrial vessels and a decrease in its blood supply. As a result, the mucosa gradually separates and is shed from the uterus. It comes out along with the blood that has accumulated due to ruptures of small vessels.

This process does not occur simultaneously over the entire surface of the endometrium. Some of its parts fall apart earlier, others a little later. That is why the duration of menstruation is several days, on average from three to five. It is also worth noting that the duration of menstrual bleeding is affected by the use of some contraceptives. So, oral contraceptives able to shorten the duration of menstruation, activating the processes occurring in the uterus. The spiral, on the contrary, slows them down, and therefore, menstruation lasts longer.

Simultaneously with the natural removal of the endometrium, a new layer of mucous membrane is growing. Thus, menstrual bleeding is a transitional moment from the end of one cycle to the beginning of another.

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Here are some facts about menstruation that are of interest to a wide range women and are most concerned about them.

For one menstruation, blood loss is very insignificant and amounts to approximately 50 - 100 g. The body compensates for it, so a woman with a normal physical condition does not have a feeling of weakness, fatigue and anemia, characteristic of heavy bleeding. If there are any disorders in the body, and menstruation occurs profusely and often, this can cause negative symptoms. Therefore, at the slightest sign of indisposition, the gynecologists of our Euromedprestige medical center strongly recommend that you consult a doctor in order to exclude serious pathologies of the reproductive and circulatory systems.

Menstrual fluid is made up of blood and secretions from the uterine glands. In addition, it necessarily contains small particles of the endometrium and cells of the vaginal epithelium. When a woman is in motion, the fluid does not form clots, however, with a long stay in one position, lying or sitting, blood accumulates in the vagina and coagulates there. Enzymes that are responsible for thinning the blood do not always cope with this due to the large amount of secretions. However, there is no cause for concern. A small amount of clots is completely normal during menstruation.

Many women are uncomfortable with the specific smell of menstrual flow. Sterile when leaving the uterus, they encounter microorganisms in the vagina, from the interaction with which a characteristic odor appears. It cannot be completely eliminated, but more frequent change of pads and tampons makes it almost imperceptible. Vaginal douching with warm boiled water also helps, but here you need to know the measure, since excessive hygiene destroys the natural microflora of the vagina, creating opportunities for harmful infections.

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