Student Viktor Maleev. Ivan Shishkin Shishkin is not lyrical in his major works

Question: What are the names of the two main characters of the work? Answer: the main characters of N. Nosov’s story are Vitya Maleev and Kostya Shishkin.

Question: Why was Kostya Shishkin late for class? Answer: Kostya Shishkin was late for class because he was new to school and unknowingly ended up in 5th grade instead of 4th grade. And since there are different teachers in the 5th grade, and they don’t know the kids yet, there’s a lot of confusion. And only by the third lesson Kostya realized that he was in the wrong class.

Question: What subjects at school caused difficulties for boys? Answer: at the very beginning, Vitya Maleev admitted that he did not like arithmetic, and he especially did not like solving problems that he had never succeeded in. Kostya Shishkin was weak in Russian. He wrote all the dictations with a “2” because he made a lot of mistakes.

Question: What ways did Gleb come up with to deal with the hint? Answer: Gleb Skameikin was against hints in the lesson from the very beginning. And so I decided to suggest “wrongly, so that no one hopes for a hint” and “to expose those who suggest,” and then write about them in a wall newspaper. In a word, start a campaign in the wall newspaper against the tip.

Question: Why didn’t Shishkin make a good goalkeeper? How did he explain his behavior? Answer: Shishkin was a good goalkeeper, but very often, carried away by the game, he left his goal and ran to the opponent’s goal, and at that time a goal was scored against him. And then he explained this to the guys on his team: “I can’t stand still. I love playing basketball because everyone can run all over the field and there is no goalie, and everyone can grab the ball with their hands.”

Question: What appeared on the newly painted wall at school? Answer: a sailor drawn in charcoal appeared on the wall next to the board. “He was wearing a striped vest, bell-bottom trousers fluttering in the wind, a cap on his head, a pipe in his mouth, and the smoke from it rose upward in rings, like from a steamship chimney. The sailor had such a dashing look that it was impossible to look at him without laughing.”

Question: Why did Vitya tell Kostya that he would no longer allow him to copy the Russian language? Answer: when Kostya copied Vitya’s Russian language homework and returned the notebook to him, there was a huge blot in it. Therefore, Vitya decided not to give Kostya his notebook anymore.

Question: How did Igor Grachev behave when he listened to Olga Nikolaevna and the director about the damaged wall? Answer: Vitya Maleev was greatly influenced by everything that the director said about the damaged wall, and Igor Grachev sat silently at his desk, listened to Igor Alexandrovich and did not at all want to admit what he had done and prove that he was an honest person

Question: Why did Kostya take Vitya to his home? Answer: Kostya and Vitya once again played football until dark. And Kostya, so as not to be scolded by his mother, decided to bring Vitya home. And when Vitya said that he would also be scolded at home, he replied: “Nothing. If you want, we’ll come to me first, and then to you together, so they won’t scold you, and neither will I.”

Question: What cartoons of Vitya and Kostya appeared in the wall newspaper? Answer: there were two cartoons. In the first cartoon, Vitya was drawn with big ears, because he liked to hope for a hint. And on the second, both friends were drawn, and two marks on legs were running behind them, since Vitya received another two for the test, and Kostya for the dictation.

Question: Did Vitya manage to hide from his mother about the bad grade he received, using Mitya Kruglov’s method? Answer: no, it was not possible. Mom immediately found out that Vitya received a “D” and began to “get through” him.

Question: In what ways did Vitya strengthen his willpower? Answer: in the morning Vitya didn’t feel like doing exercises, but he did it anyway, then he went under the tap to douse himself with cold water, because he didn’t want to douse himself either. And he didn’t even eat the cake, although he really wanted it. In a word, in order to strengthen his willpower, he decided to do not what he wanted, but what he didn’t want at all.

Question: Why did Kostya Shishkin decide to take up his studies? Answer: firstly, Kostya promised to study for “B’s” so that the cartoons that the guys drew of him in the wall newspaper would be removed, and, secondly, a basketball team was being organized at school, of which Kostya wanted to be the captain. But to get there, you had to improve your studies. So Kostya made a promise to study at least with a “B”

Question: Why didn’t Vitya and Alik manage to do arithmetic? Answer: when Vitya came to Alik Sorokin to practice arithmetic, he saw that he was sitting at the table and playing chess with himself. He suggested playing chess with him first, and then doing arithmetic. As a result, Vitya never beat Alik at chess, and Alik couldn’t really explain anything to Vitya about arithmetic, because he was nervous and scolded Vitya all the time. “I fought with him until the evening and still understood little.”

Question: Why did Vitya begin to beat Alik? Answer: Vitya found a chess textbook at home. He read this book in two days, and when on the third day he came to Alik, he began to win game after game against him.

Question: Why did the counselor Volodya scold the guys? Answer: Volodya organized an amateur performance evening at school. Vita and Kostya were not allowed to perform due to poor grades. Then the guys sewed a horse and decided to perform without permission. But they played poorly and almost lost their classmate’s number. Volodya got angry with them for this and scolded them so that next time they wouldn’t climb onto the stage without permission.

Question: What did the guys come up with to help Vita and Kostya correct “2”? Answer: The guys decided to take patronage over Kostya and Vitya. Vanya Pakhomov volunteered to help Maleev improve in arithmetic, and Alik Sorokin - Shishkin in Russian. . Question: Why did Vita suddenly like solving problems? Answer: Vitya once helped his sister Lika solve a problem. Inspired, he solved all the problems for the third grade, and then, without outside help, began to solve the problems for the fourth grade. There was an interest in solving problems. It became no longer interesting to solve simple problems. Vitya is no longer afraid of arithmetic as before. Olga Nikolaevna was pleased with his success and gave him good marks.

Question: What did Shishkin do instead of taking up his studies? Answer: Shishkin, instead of taking up his studies, bought all sorts of guinea pigs, white rats, turtles, and hedgehogs. And he also found a stray dog, Lobzik, somewhere. He spent whole days fiddling with them, feeding them, caring for them. It is clear that Shishkin had no time to study these matters.

Question: Which of the animals lived with Kostya? Answer: Kostya Shishkin had different animals: first there were white mice, and then guinea pigs, white rats, turtles, and hedgehogs. And he also got Lobzik, a stray dog. Gradually, he distributed all the animals to the children he knew, as his mother began to scold him. And he only kept Lobzik, whom he kept in the attic.

Question: What unusual method of training did Kostya come up with? Answer: Kostya Shishkin came up with a new way to train Lobzik: he snapped his fingers. As soon as Lobzik barks as much as necessary, Kostya throws him a piece of sugar, sausage or bread and at the same time snaps his fingers. The jigsaw rushes to catch the sausage and stops barking. And then he stopped barking at a click and without sugar. At first Kostya clicked loudly, and then quietly, but the dog heard him.

Question: What act did the guys prepare after visiting the circus? Answer: for the New Year's tree, the guys decided to show off their number - a scientific dog-mathematician. Together with Lika, they sewed suits for themselves and even a golden collar for Lobzik. Vitya took out various things from his suitcase, and Kostya forced Lobzik to count them: add, subtract and even multiply.

Question: What objects did Shishkin use to become a tightrope walker? Did he succeed? Answer: Shishkin used different objects: a suitcase, a pillow, a chair, but nothing worked out for him.

Question: Why did Shishkin no longer want to juggle? Answer: at first Shishkin began to juggle the plates, but the plates broke. Then he found a small enamel basin in the kitchen, but they broke the glass with the basin, and when they decided to put it in, they crushed another one. As a result, we received a scolding from Kostya’s mother and stopped juggling.

Question: How did Vitya, by the grace of Shishkin, become a deceiver? Answer: Kostya Shishkin always wrote dictations with a “2”, so he missed classes at school when Olga Nikolaevna gave a dictation. Once again, having missed classes, he was afraid to turn to his mother so that she would write a note, the doctor did not give a certificate that he was sick, and he did not go to school because he had to explain his absence. He had not gone to school for several days. Vitya knew about this, but didn’t tell anyone. And therefore, together with Kostya, he became a deceiver.

Question: Who did Vitya consult with about Kostya’s absenteeism from school? Answer: Vitya was ashamed that he was hiding Kostya’s absenteeism, but he could not betray his friend. However, I wanted to consult with someone. First he turned to Lika, then he talked to his mother, of course, without giving away Kostya’s secret. But he didn’t tell everyone the truth.

Question: How was Kostya’s secret revealed? Answer: One day Kostya decided to visit the entire unit. When everyone left, Kostya decided to show Vita how he learned to stand upside down. And at this time the door opened, and Lenya’s classmate ran into the room, having forgotten his gloves. Then everything opened up, the guys returned one by one and found out that Kostya was not sick at all. And a few minutes later Olga Nikolaevna came in, to whom the guys told the whole truth.

Question: How did the guys react to Shishkin’s deception? Answer: The guys were angry with Kostya for deceiving everyone, and warned him that if he did not come to school the next day, they would tell Olga Nikolaevna everything.

Question: What did Lika say when she did her homework? Answer: “When you finish the job, go for a walk safely,” said Lika.

Question: Where did Shishkin decide to go instead of school? Answer: Instead of studying well at school, Kostya decided to join the circus and become a circus performer.

Question: “If you want to learn, you must work hard,” who is the author of these words? Answer: the author of these words is the school director Igor Aleksandrovich.

Question: What phrase did all the guys repeat when they came to visit Shishkin when he and Vitya were doing exercises in the Russian language? Answer: When the guys came to visit Shishkin, when he and Vitya were doing exercises in the Russian language, they said the same phrase: “Oh, you’re studying!”

Question: Why did Shishkin continue to get bad grades in Russian? Answer: Olga Nikolaevna spoke about this: “This is due to your inattention. And inattention is due to the fact that there is still no desire to study properly. It's immediately obvious that you're in a hurry. You’re in a hurry to get out of your lessons as quickly as possible... You don’t have the desire yet... Without hard work you won’t have the willpower and you won’t be able to correct your shortcomings.”

Question: What public instruction did Olga Nikolaevna give to Vita and Kostya? Answer: Olga Nikolaevna instructed Vita and Kostya to organize a classroom library.

Question: What poster appeared on the bookcase at school? Answer: Lika suggested writing the following words: “The book is your friend. Take care of the book." The next day, Vitya and Kostya hung a poster with these words on the wall near the bookcase and began handing out books to the children.

Question: What did the guys say about their class when Kostya received his first “4”? Answer: Many guys claimed that they had a very good teacher, so all the kids in the class only got “good” and “excellent” grades. Others say that the guys want to study well. And still others said that there was real friendship between the guys in the class. Everyone thinks not only about themselves, but also about their comrades.

M. Bremener

The story “Vitya Maleev at school and at home” tells about a very important thing in the life of a ten-year-old person - learning.
Vitya Maleev is interested in football, trains a dog, plays chess, performs at a school party, but the main thing is that he studies. I emphasize this because in many books for children, the characters, although they attend school, are not shown as students: the very process of acquiring knowledge and comprehending science is bypassed.
For N. Nosov, this process is at the center of the narrative. And precisely because the writer has revealed it deeply, realistically, both in general and in the smallest detail, the ingenuous story of how Vitya Maleev and Kostya Shishkin got rid of twos becomes not only funny and instructive in the good sense of the word, but sometimes exciting.
N. Nosov boldly introduces into the fabric of his book such material that would seem difficult to fit into the framework of a literary work, such as Vitya’s solution to an arithmetic problem. The pages of the story dedicated to this are full of numbers, like the pages of a textbook. And yet, these are pages of fiction.
First of all, because N. Nosov shows the train of thought of Viti Maleev, striving to quickly solve the problem, not only psychologically subtly and accurately, but also figuratively. The writer humorously interprets very typical mistakes in solutions for students, which almost every little reader probably had to make. The writer managed to truly funny depict the purpose of Vitya’s absurd conclusions, who, without finding the meaning of the problem, impatiently strives to solve it in any way: in desperation he divides axes into saws and so on.
The author's smile, sometimes cheerful and wide, sometimes reproachful, but always infectious, illuminates many pages of the story, which without it would seem annoyingly didactic. For example, a conversation between Vitya Maleev and the director, explaining to him what friendship is, would look like an ordinary lesson if it weren’t for this beginning:
“- You, Maleev, are Shishkin’s friend?
“Yes,” I say. - I am his false friend.
- Why false? Oh yes! I wanted to tell you that you did something wrong, but I see that this has already been explained to you. Do you like this name - false friend?
“No, but everyone says that I’m false, which means I’m false.”
N. Nosov’s subtle and at the same time intelligible humor is one of the most valuable assets in his work. And if in the previous works of writers it was most often the humor of the situation, the humor of the situation, then in “Vita Maleev” humor is more reflected in the depiction of characters. And I think that's good. After all, it’s what he wrote before. N. Nosov was often so carried away by the comedy of the situation that he created very conventional characters, devoid of real flesh.
And Vitya Maleev and Kostya Shishkin are lively, attractive, funny guys. They have many features typical of schoolchildren.
The writer almost never exaggerates the comic traits of his characters for the sake of laughter, and it must be said that the images of the boys develop from beginning to end very naturally. It’s at ease, and Vitya and Kostya correct themselves also naturally and believably, without surprising or perplexing the reader, as sometimes happens in books for children.
Unfortunately, other images were not at all successful for N. Nosov. Of the many boys listed by last name in the first chapter and then appearing in subsequent chapters, not one is remembered. These are extras. Along with the extras, there are, sadly, also reasoners. These are adults, educators. Teacher Olga Nikolaevna utters nothing but standard and therefore somewhat irritating maxims on the pages of the book. The counselor Volodya is devoid of any traits and accepts it, expressing occasionally, undoubtedly, reasonable judgments. The school director, Igor Aleksandrovich, seems more alive, but his image is only barely outlined.
It is also annoying that the reader, no matter how hard he wants, cannot form an idea about the city where the heroes of the story live and study; whether it is great, what its past and future are, whether it is old or young, in what part of the country it is located - none of these questions cannot be answered.
Now the story has been published by Detgize as a separate publication. It must be said that the characteristics of adults have become somewhat more detailed and clearer. Shishkin’s seemingly sudden decision to become a circus performer became more motivated, and in some places the lengthiness was eliminated. But the main disadvantages of the magazine version remained.
In the separate edition, some undoubtedly successful humorous parts of the story were damaged. As a result, for example, the above (according to the text of the magazine) beginning of the conversation between the director and Maleev now looks like a boring, mediocre lesson. At the beginning of the story, Kostya Shishkin’s story about how his Nalchik acquaintance Mitya Kruglov prepared his mother for getting a bad grade was simply omitted in half. Elsewhere, Viti Maleev’s brightly humorous short conversation with the counselor is also omitted.
I would like to say once again about the main and decisive advantage of the book: it created a charming, reliable image of Maleev’s student Viktor, close to the little - and not only the little - reader.

Ulitina Yulia, 6 “A” class, Municipal Educational Institution school No. 32.

Head – Kachanova Anzhelika Nikolaevna, head of the library.

Work – Nikolay Nosov “Vitya Maleev at school and at home.”

Nikolai Nosov is the author of very interesting books about guys and their adventures. One of them is a story about the friendship of two comrades Vitya Maleev and Kostya Shishkin, as well as about the school life of the class in which they study, about their home affairs.

Theme of the story: studying is real work for a student. We must study in order to be educated and benefit our Motherland.

The events in the book begin with the end of the summer holidays and the beginning of the school year “... for some reason it is always more difficult to study at the beginning of the year. The lessons seem long, as if someone is dragging them out on purpose.” Students study, quarrel and make peace, help each other.

The most interesting stories were about how Vitya solved problems. He shortened the first problem about saws and axes by rewriting the condition “in his own way, so that it looked simpler.” “I began to take the saws away from the axes, and divided the money into what happened, but still nothing worked out for me.” After searching for a solution, Vitya went to Vanya Pakhomov and, with his help, solved this problem. One day, Vitya was asked by his sister Lika to solve a problem for the third grade, since she couldn’t do it. Vitya even drew a picture for this problem, which depicted a walnut tree with 120 nuts on it, a boy and a girl collecting nuts. He thought for a long time and looked for solutions, drawing in every possible way either the pockets or the nuts above the heads of the heroes of the problem. In the end, he reached the right solution through patience and, one might say, drawing. And Yura Kasatkin said to Vita: “If you know the previous one, it will be easier to study further.” And when Vitya explained the problem to Lika, her sister exclaimed: “You explain so well!” And then Vitya Maleev somehow unexpectedly turned from one person into a completely different one. Previously, he himself was helped, but now I myself could teach others. “It was as if some weight had been lifted from me and life became easy for me. This suggests that the most difficult thing in life is to start. And constantly cultivate willpower in yourself, using different methods. Vitya began to study well, he was accepted into the basketball team, and when there was no training, he skated. After all, if you achieve one thing, then you can do the other.

Kostya Shishkin was very fond of animals; at home he had various guinea pigs, white rats, turtles and hedgehogs. He also sheltered the homeless dog Lobzik. Kostya abandoned his lessons and just tinkered with his pets: feeding, caring for, making a cage. He began to deceive his mother that he had a headache and could not go to school, although he was healthy, but was afraid of dictations and essays. In general, Kostya “didn’t like doing one thing for a long time, but jumped from one thing to another and didn’t bring anything to the end.” But he taught Lobzik to count to ten, and this also requires patience, and the dog turned into a student. This is also a small victory. Although, of course, the lessons are more important. And Kostya’s studies gradually became better, although after a series of unpleasant events related to lies.

The most unusual plot of the story for me is the creation of a library by the children in the classroom, when Kostya and Vitya became librarians. They issued and repaired books. They even wrote a poster: “A book is a man’s friend, because a book teaches a person good things.” This means that she must be protected as a friend.” Kostya explained to everyone who took the books the rules for handling the book. I loved reading myself. “He is neater, more organized and not as distracted as he used to be.” And if a reader borrowed a book for one day, Kostya would ask about the contents, checking whether the book had been read. The author showed in the story with the library how students become responsible if you are entrusted with a serious matter. And you can’t study poorly if you’re a class librarian.

You should definitely read this story because friendship helps you achieve success. And “true friendship does not consist in forgiving the weaknesses of your comrades, but in being demanding of your friends” and, first of all, of yourself. Those who read this book will have wonderful thoughts crowding their heads... “they will want to be kind, good, to do something extraordinary, so that everyone will be surprised and so that everyone will feel good...”

“Forest hero-artist”, “king of the forest” - this is what contemporaries called Ivan Shishkin. He traveled a lot around Russia, glorifying the majestic beauty of its nature in his paintings, which are known to everyone today.

“There has never been an artist in the Shishkin family!”

Ivan Shishkin was born into a merchant family in the small town of Elabuga, Vyatka province (in the territory of modern Tatarstan). The artist’s father, Ivan Vasilyevich, was a highly respected person in the city: he was elected mayor for several years in a row, installed a wooden water supply system in Yelabuga at his own expense, and even created the first book about the history of the city.

Being a man of varied hobbies, he dreamed of giving his son a good education and at the age of 12 he sent him to the First Kazan Gymnasium. However, young Shishkin was already more interested in art than in exact sciences. He was bored at the gymnasium and, without finishing his studies, he returned to his parents’ house with the words that he did not want to become an official. At the same time, his views on art and the vocation of an artist began to take shape, which he retained throughout his life.

Shishkin's mother, Daria Alexandrovna, was upset by her son's inability to study and do household chores. She did not approve of his hobby of drawing and called this activity “smearing paper.” Although his father sympathized with Ivan’s passion for beauty, he also did not share his detachment from life’s problems. Shishkin had to hide from his family and paint by candlelight at night.

Shishkin first thought seriously about the profession of an artist when Moscow painters came to Yelabuga to paint the iconostasis of the local church. They told him about the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture - and then Ivan Ivanovich firmly decided to follow his dream. With difficulty, he persuaded his father to let him leave, and he sent the artist to Moscow, hoping that his son would one day grow into a second Karl Bryullov.

“The depiction of everything that has life is the main difficulty of art”

In 1852, Shishkin entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture, where he studied under the guidance of portrait artist Apollo Mokritsky. Then, in his still weak works, he dreamed of getting as close to nature as possible, and constantly sketched views and details of the landscape that were interesting to him. The whole school gradually learned about his drawings. Fellow students and even teachers noted that “Shishkin paints views that no one has ever painted before: just a field, a forest, a river - and he makes them look as beautiful as Swiss views.” By the end of the training, it became clear: the artist had an undoubted - and truly one-of-a-kind - talent.

Not stopping there, in 1856 Shishkin entered the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, where he quickly established himself as a brilliant student with outstanding abilities. Valaam became a real school for the artist, where he went for summer work on location. He began to acquire his own style and attitude towards nature. With the attention of a biologist, he examined and felt tree trunks, grasses, mosses, and the smallest leaves. His sketch “Pine on Valaam” brought the author a silver medal and recorded Shishkin’s desire to convey the simple, unromanticized beauty of nature.

Ivan Shishkin. Stones in the forest. Balaam. 1858-1860. State Russian Museum

Ivan Shishkin. Pine on Valaam. 1858. Perm State Art Gallery

Ivan Shishkin. Landscape with a hunter. Balaam. 1867. State Russian Museum

In 1860, Shishkin graduated from the academy with a large gold medal, which he also received for views of Valaam, and went abroad. He visited Munich, Zurich and Geneva, wrote a lot with a pen, and for the first time tried to engrave with “royal vodka”. In 1864, the artist moved to Düsseldorf, where he began work on “View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf.” This landscape, filled with air and light, brought Ivan Ivanovich the title of academician.

After six years of traveling abroad, Shishkin returned to Russia. At first he lived in St. Petersburg, where he met with old comrades from the academy, who by that time had organized the St. Petersburg Artel of Artists (later the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions). According to the memoirs of Alexandra Komarova, the painter’s niece, he himself was never a member of the artel, but he constantly attended the creative Fridays of his friends and took a very active part in their affairs.

In 1868, Shishkin married for the first time. His wife was the sister of his friend, landscape painter Fyodor Vasilyev, Evgenia Aleksandrovna. The artist loved her and the children born in the marriage; he could not leave them for a long time, as he believed that without him at home something terrible would definitely happen. Shishkin turned into a tender father, a sensitive husband and a hospitable host, in whose house friends constantly visited.

“The genius of art requires that the artist’s entire life be devoted to it”

In the 1870s, Shishkin became even closer to the Peredvizhniki, becoming one of the founders of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions. His friends were Konstantin Savitsky, Arkhip Kuinzhdi and Ivan Kramskoy. They had a particularly warm relationship with Kramskoy. The artists traveled together around Russia in search of a new nature, Kramskoy observed the successes of Shishkin and admired how attentive his friend and colleague was to nature in its most varied states, how accurately and subtly he conveyed color. Shishkin’s talent was once again noted by the Academy, elevating him to the rank of professor for the painting “Wilderness”.

“He [Shishkin] is still immeasurably higher than everyone else taken together... Shishkin is a milestone in the development of Russian landscape, he is a man - a school, but a living school.”

Ivan Kramskoy

However, the second half of this decade became a difficult time in Shishkin's life. In 1874, his wife died, causing him to become withdrawn; his character - and performance - began to deteriorate due to frequent binges. Due to constant quarrels, many relatives and friends stopped communicating with him. Apparently, his habit of work saved him: because of his pride, Shishkin could not afford to miss the place that he already firmly occupied in artistic circles, and continued to paint paintings, which became more and more popular thanks to traveling exhibitions. It was during this period that “First Snow”, “Road in a Pine Forest”, “Pine Forest”, “Rye” and other famous paintings by the master were created.

Ivan Shishkin. Sosnovy Bor. Mast forest in Vyatka province. 1872. State Tretyakov Gallery

Ivan Shishkin. First snow. 1875. Kiev National Museum of Russian Art, Kyiv, Ukraine

Ivan Shishkin. Rye. 1878. State Tretyakov Gallery

And in the 1880s, Shishkin married the beautiful Olga Lagoda, his student. His second wife also died, literally a year after the wedding - and the artist again threw himself headlong into work, which allowed him to forget. He was attracted by the variability of the states of nature, he sought to catch and capture the elusive nature. He experimented with combinations of different brushes and strokes, honed the construction of forms, and the rendering of the most delicate color shades. This painstaking work is especially noticeable in the works of the late 1880s, for example in the landscapes “Pines illuminated by the sun”, “Oaks. Evening”, “Morning in a pine forest” and “Off the coast of the Gulf of Finland”. Contemporaries of Shishkin's paintings were amazed by how easily and freely he experimented, while achieving stunning realism.