Partisan movement. The most famous Soviet partisans
Protracted military conflict. Detachments in which people were united by the idea of the liberation struggle fought on a par with the regular army, and in the case of a well-organized leadership, their actions were highly effective and largely decided the outcome of the battles.
Partisans of 1812
When Napoleon attacked Russia, the idea of strategic guerrilla warfare arose. Then, for the first time in world history, Russian troops used a universal method of conducting military operations on enemy territory. This method was based on the organization and coordination of the rebels' actions by the regular army itself. For this purpose, trained professionals - “army partisans” - were thrown behind the front line. At this time, the detachments of Figner and Ilovaisky, as well as the detachment of Denis Davydov, who was lieutenant colonel Akhtyrsky, became famous for their military exploits
This detachment was separated from the main forces longer than others (for six weeks). The tactics of Davydov’s partisan detachment consisted in the fact that they avoided open attacks, attacked by surprise, changed directions of attacks, groped weak points enemy. The local population helped: the peasants were guides, spies, and participated in the extermination of the French.
In the Patriotic War, the partisan movement was of particular importance. The basis for the formation of detachments and units was the local population, who were familiar with the area. In addition, it was hostile to the occupiers.
The main goal of the movement
The main task of guerrilla warfare was to isolate enemy troops from its communications. The main blow of the people's avengers was aimed at the supply lines of the enemy army. Their detachments disrupted communications, prevented the approach of reinforcements and the supply of ammunition. When the French began to retreat, their actions were aimed at destroying ferries and bridges over numerous rivers. Thanks to the active actions of army partisans, Napoleon lost almost half of his artillery during his retreat.
The experience of waging partisan warfare in 1812 was used in the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). During this period, this movement was large-scale and well organized.
Period of the Great Patriotic War
The need to organize a partisan movement arose due to the fact that most of the territory of the Soviet state was captured by German troops, who sought to make slaves and liquidate the population of the occupied areas. The main idea of partisan warfare in the Great Patriotic War is the disorganization of the activities of the Nazi troops, causing them human and material losses. For this purpose, fighter and sabotage groups were created, and the network of underground organizations was expanded to guide all actions in the occupied territory.
Partisan movement of the Great Patriotic War was two-way. On the one hand, the detachments were created spontaneously, from people who remained in enemy-occupied territories, and sought to protect themselves from mass fascist terror. On the other hand, this process took place in an organized manner, under leadership from above. Sabotage groups were thrown behind enemy lines or pre-organized in the territory that they were supposed to leave in the near future. To provide such detachments with ammunition and food, they first made caches with supplies, and also worked out issues of their further replenishment. In addition, issues of secrecy were worked out, the locations of detachments based in the forest were determined after the front retreated further to the east, and the provision of money and valuables was organized.
Movement leadership
In order to lead the guerrilla war and sabotage struggle, workers from among the local residents who were well acquainted with these areas were sent to the territory captured by the enemy. Very often, among the organizers and leaders, including the underground, were the leaders of Soviet and party bodies who remained in the territory occupied by the enemy.
Guerrilla warfare played a decisive role in the victory Soviet Union over Nazi Germany.
The Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (1983) contains the articles “Partisan Movement” and “Partisan Movement during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945,” but there is no article “Partisan War.”
The examples given are enough to understand the importance of accurately defining basic concepts. Therefore, without claiming absolute accuracy of the definitions, let us clarify their content.
Guerrilla warfare. This is one of the forms of struggle against foreign invaders, an integral part of the war, which is waged on territory controlled by the enemy, and in ways different from the actions of regular troops. It involves special units and units of regular troops, as well as irregular formations. Guerrilla warfare is usually built on broad popular support.
Partisan movement. As a social phenomenon, it includes the armed struggle of the partisans themselves, as well as those individuals who provide the partisans with various assistance and support, shelter them from enemies, collect information for them, etc. Thus, we are talking about fighting with weapons in our hands and fighting unarmedly. Naturally, someone who helps the partisans only unarmedly cannot be considered a partisan. He is just a participant in the partisan movement.
Guerrilla warfare. The main form of the partisan movement, its concrete manifestation, should be considered guerrilla warfare. It involves, first of all, the armed struggle of specially organized partisan formations. They are subsequently joined by partisan formations that formed spontaneously, but are controlled by the center.
Guerrilla actions. Guerrilla warfare is carried out in the form of guerrilla actions. Their main distinguishing features are: the absence of a permanent line of contact with the enemy (a continuous front); the transience of combat operations; the ability to solve assigned tasks without engaging in combat with the enemy; a combination of concentration, concentration and movement of forces.
One of the leaders of the partisan movement, Karatygin describes his actions as follows: “combat actions of armed groups, detachments and entire formations of volunteers from the local population or from the armed forces, which are carried out behind enemy lines by the method of surprise attacks on individual garrisons or columns of moving enemy troops, attacks at control centers (headquarters) and various enemy targets, individual sabotage with the aim of disorganizing the rear, inflicting losses on the enemy in manpower and military equipment and disrupting the normal operation of its communications.”
It is easy to see how much more specific Karatygin’s formulation is compared to the dictionary definition. There, while listing the tasks, they forgot the main thing: that partisanship does not bind itself to constant armed contact with the enemy. It would seem obvious. But it was precisely this obvious that many organizers of the partisan struggle of the period 1941-45 did not see. And as a result, there were enormous casualties among the partisans.
Karatygin did not oppose partisanship to the regular army and at the same time did not associate it only with the army as the source of its organization, nutrition and combat operations, which was what Klembovsky did. In Karatygin it appears in the form of an organic unity of two principles - folk and army.
Considering the emergence of partisanship at such moments when the people (“nation” or “groups of oppressed classes”) begin to fight on their own (since there is no army, or it is not able to independently ensure the interests of the country, or with the collapse of the army of the “old order” on the scene new forces have emerged), Karatygin concludes that partisan forms of action are as diverse as the emerging situation of struggle.
The main point that characterizes the tactics of partisans and contains a sign of “partisanship” both for detachments allocated from the army and formed in another way is the absence of constant armed contact with the enemy.
Partisanship is the main opportunity and the main means of the weaker side to conduct an independent struggle. Partisanism is original and is not determined by the presence of its own army. Guerrilla detachments separated from the army are only a private type. The main mass of partisans always comes from among the people, at the moment of greatest danger to the country from certain hostile attacks, and this is due precisely to the lack of an army.
Of exceptional importance, Karatygin believed, is the possibility of introducing a planned beginning into partisan actions. “The maximum useful work of the partisans and the degree of their influence on the course of operations of their army is determined by the presence of operational communication with the latter and the systematic nature of these actions.” Under these conditions, partisan detachments, he wrote, can be compared to ultra-long-range projectiles: defeats from them will be random if the possibility of precise direction to the target is excluded. The constant attributes of partisan success, according to Karatygin, are the presence of organized leadership of the partisan force and the joint work of the partisans with the army.
It was factors such as the lack of a clear operational plan, the inability to bring actions into the mainstream of systematic operations, and the reduction of battles to a simple “reduction” of enemy manpower without consolidating and developing the results achieved in battle that became the reasons for the failures of Makhno’s partisan army, whom Karatygin considered a typical partisan leader.
Partisanship by itself can rarely produce a final positive result. This result is achieved by actions coordinated with their regular army, or by the introduction of systematic general leadership into the partisans, i.e. bringing partisanship closer to the concept of regular force, but not in external forms, but in internal signs the last one.
Unfortunately, these and many other conclusions of P.L. Karatygin, made back in 1924, was not taken into account by the organizers and leaders of the partisan struggle during the Great Patriotic War. They came to them anew through repeated trial and error, paying a very high price for the acquired experience.
“The fight against the rear is the business of partisans, regardless of their type,” emphasizes P. Karatygin and further continues: “one should not be surprised if in the future the goals of operations will be determined along the lines of the rear and this will be quite natural when the excessive development of technology gives war the nature of the competition between the rear through the armies of the fronts.” Perhaps, for this thought alone, Karatygin should have a monument erected.
“Partisans, as destroyers of the rear, will take their rightful place in future wars,” wrote P. Karatygin. - This struggle must take on an organized character and have full connection with the operations of the army. The partisans, as an independently acting force, are an auxiliary means of struggle; partisanship, systematically organized, especially in the presence of an army, is already a powerful force, is part of the same army, operating in the most advantageous directions.”
Polemicizing with his opponents, P. Karatygin ardently defended the idea that ahead “beyond partisanship there are freer and broader horizons. The “old” partisanship may turn out to be a “new” technique. “We are talking here about the possibility of the transition of external forms and ideological aspects of partisanship into the normal tactics of regular troops. It will be perceived in its idea - the destruction of the enemy’s well-organized combat systems, the introduction of new forms of struggle, the creation of an environment of surprises and accidents - conditions that are unusual and dangerous for the enemy’s mechanized troops.”
These and many other provisions of P. Karatygin have not lost their relevance to this day.
Source of information:
Publisher: Minsk-M
GUERILLA MOVEMENT - armed struggle of volunteers as part of organized armed formations, waged in territory occupied or controlled by the enemy.
In the partisan movement, parts of the re-regular armed forces of the state-su-dar-st-va, located in you, are often taught. lu enemy or right-len-nye tu-da according to ko-man-do-va-niya. In the form of guerrilla movements, civil and national wars often take place. The special features of guerrilla movements are determined by the historical situation and the national specificity of the country, however, in most - st-ve random par-ti-zan-skaya struggle includes combat, reconnaissance, di-ver-si-on-nuyu and pro-pa- gan-di-st-st-activity, and the most-spread-with-country-with-we-armed struggle-would be-for- Sa-dy, na-lyo-you, par-ti-zan raids and di-versions.
Par-ti-zan's actions are known from ancient times. The people of Central Asia came to them, fighting against the troops of Alek-san-dr. Ma-ke-don in the 4th century BC, Wed. -di-earth-but-sea-peoples, from-the-pressure for-the-vo-va-te-ley of Ri-ma of the Ancient. The partisan movement in Russia as a form of struggle against the invaders has been known since the 13th-15th centuries. During the Re-chi Po-spo-li-that in-ter-ven-tion in the 17th century and the Swedish in-ter-ven-tion in the 17th century shi-ro- some partisan movement was developed in the Russian state, by the end of 1608 it occupied the entire territory captured by the in-ter-ven -ta-mi. From the so-called shi-shas there was a struggle against Polish and Swedish troops in the areas of the cities of La-do-ga, Tikh-vin, Pskov, on the routes from the march of Polish troops from Moscow. During the Northern War of 1700-1721, the partisan movement was spread throughout Russia on the routes of the community. of the army of Charles XII. The scope of the partisan movement, under the reign of Tsar Peter I, co-operated with the isolation of the Swedish army, deprived of its pro- freedom and destruction in the Battle of Poltava in 1709. The partisan movement during the Old War of 1812 began almost immediately after the invasion of the Great Army on the territory ri-to-riu of Russia. With the entry-p-le-ni-em against-tiv-ni-ka in Smo-len-skaya, Mo-s-kov-skaya and Kaluga-skaya gu-ber-nii at-nya-lo shi-ro - swing swing. Possibly, but numerous par-ti-zan squads arose, some of them numbering several thousand people . Most of the information comes from G.M. Ku-ri-na, S. Emel-ya-no-va, N.M. Nakhimova and others. They are na-pa-da-li on groups of enemy soldiers, convoys, na-ru-sha-li com-mu-ni-ka-tion of the French army. At the beginning of September 1812, the partisan movement expanded significantly. Russian command, and first of all, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Field Marshal General M.I. Ku-tu-call, did the organized ha-rak-ter come to him, under his strategic plans. Were special detachments created from regular troops that acted in part-ti-zan-me-to-da-mi. One of the first such rows of sfor-mi-ro-van at the end of av-gu-sta on the initiative of under-pol-cov-ni-ka D.V. Yes-you-do-va. At the end of September, in the company of the army's par-ti-zan detachments in the rear, the enemy acted 36 ka - why-them, 7 cavalry and 5 infantry regiments, 3 bat-tal-o-na and 5 es-kad-ro-nov. Particularly special were the groups headed by Yes-you-do-you, I.S. Do-ro-ho-vym, A.N. Se-sla-vi-nim, A.S. Fig-not-rum and others. Kre-st-yan-skie par-ti-zan-skie from-rya-dy close-but mutual-mo-dey-st-vo-va-li with ar-mei-ski-mi. In general, the partisan movement provided significant assistance to the Russian army in the destruction of the Great Army and its expulsion from Russia -sii, having destroyed several tens of thousands of soldiers and officers against the enemy.
From the first days of the occupation of our region, a partisan struggle unfolded behind enemy lines.
The commander of the German rear security forces, Major General Speemann, informed the commander of the 290th Infantry Division that the partisans were destroying the occupation authorities and disrupting all the activities of the German command...
Neva magazine No. 7 for 1984 in the article “This Difficult Path” talks about the creation in the Opochetsky region of the first partisan detachment in the Ryasinsky forests under the leadership of Mikhail Pavlovich Pavlov, now an honorary citizen of the city of Opochka. The article says that the first partisans in the Opochetsky region were: 16-year-old Kolya Pavlov, 17-year-old Vasya Semenov, 15-year-old Misha Bolshakov, 18-year-old Ivan Vladimirov and Frosya Tashinina,
The detachment was called: “For the power of the Soviets.” With the formation of the 3rd Kalinin Partisan Brigade, the detachment became part of it.
On August 9, 1942, on the basis of partisan detachments: Alexei Gavrilov - 120 people, Petrov - 70 people, Ershov - 70 people, Pavlov - 52 people and the party-Soviet apparatus of the Opochetsky district - 17 people, it was formed
3rd Kalinin Partisan Brigade, under the command of Alexei Mikhailovich Gavrilov. The brigade's operating area is the Opochetsky district.
The partisans of the 11th brigade of Nikolai Mikhailovich Varaksov, the Babrus special group, and the “Fighter” detachment (Chugunovites) heroically fought behind enemy lines on the Opochetsk land.
Single patriots joined the fight against the enemy. The city hospital doctor O.I. Telepneva sheltered wounded Soviet soldiers and supplied the partisans with medicine. Opochan supplied the partisans with food. Forester I. A. Sorokin from the village of Nartovo was associated with the partisans, and later repeated the feat of Ivan Susanin. In the spring, during the flood, the Nazis undertook a punitive expedition against the partisans located among the swamps near the village of Vyselki. The punishers needed a guide. Sorokin knew all the moves and exits, and it was he who the Nazis took with them. They walked in knee-deep water behind the guide. Then the water reached my waist. The Nazis became worried, but Sorokin confidently walked forward, shouting from time to time: “Pan, follow me, forward!” He only shouted more for the partisans. When the water reached their chests, the Nazis turned back, back. But it was too late: the partisans managed to surround them, and the entire enemy detachment was destroyed.
The partisans inflicted enormous damage on the enemy on Opochetsky land. Only the 3rd Kalinin Partisan Brigade was destroyed: 50 enemy trains with military equipment and personnel, 3 armored trains were blown up, 15 railway bridges were blown up, 16 fascist garrisons were destroyed, 5373 fascists were killed, 12 volost councils were destroyed. 162 Germans were captured. Policemen and other traitors to the Motherland were killed - 236 people.
The brigade's losses were: 131 people killed, 206 wounded, 17 missing, 10 captured.
In the partisan struggle, women - Opochanka - showed courage and heroism.
In 1939, Alexandra Filippovna Anisimova became the head of the Opochetsk district health department. From the first days of the war, Opochka turned into a front-line city. Alexandra Filippovna was faced with a lot of worries regarding the placement and treatment of the wounded. A few days before the capture by the Nazis, Opochka was evacuated to Kalinin. After Opochka was occupied by the enemy, she was invited to the first secretary of the Kalinin regional party committee, P. S. Vorontsov. The first secretary of the Opochets underground district party committee, Nikolai Vasilievich Vasiliev, was present at the reception. Anisimova was asked to join a partisan unit that would operate in the Opochetsk region. Without any hesitation, the female doctor agreed to go behind enemy lines. From August 1942 to July 1944, A.F. Anisimova walked the difficult paths of partisan warfare, providing assistance to wounded and sick partisans and the sick local population.
Zina Vasilyeva showed courage and bravery in the fight against the enemy. Near the village of Mavrino she was unexpectedly surrounded by fascists. Zina entered into an unequal battle. Throwing a grenade, she tried to hide in the bushes, but was wounded. The wounded intelligence officer was captured and brought to Opochka, where she was subjected to terrible torture. They threatened to arrest and torture Zina's mother. The police arrested Zina's mother, Anastasia Andreevna, taking her to the fascist garrison Vysokoye. Krezer ordered her to be brought to Opochka for interrogation. The Vysokovsky policemen tied her to a shaft harnessed by a horse and, tortured, barefoot, and half naked, they took her to Opochka, making a deliberate meeting between mother and daughter. Anastasia Andreevna saw her beloved daughter when Zina was taken for interrogation.
Mom, forgive me for your torment!
Hold on, my dear! “I’m proud of you,” the mother replied.
Mother and daughter were executed. Zina's eyes were gouged out, her nose and ears were cut off, and the hair on her head was burned.
The scout of the partisan detachment “Fighter” (Chugunov’s detachment) Olga Ivanovna Zhukova is worthy of immortal memory.
A group of partisans of several people, having discovered that there were no Germans in the village of Borzye Griva, decided to spend the night. The owner of the house turned out to be a traitor, having informed the Varyginsk police department about a group of partisans spending the night in his house. A large group of German soldiers and policemen arrived in the village. The forces were far from equal. Olga was wounded; her comrades could not help her. Skillfully using a machine gun and grenades, she killed many Germans and policemen. Out of ammunition. Olga kept the last cartridge for herself.
Her courage and skillful action of a woman in battle were highly appreciated by the German officer, who ordered the Russian patriot to be buried with all Christian honors, in a clean dress and in a coffin.
In the summer of 1990, the ashes of Olga Ivanovna Zhukova were reburied on the Opochka rampart. The Chugunovites were not slow in settling accounts with the traitor to the Motherland.
Students and teachers from city schools were active assistants to the partisans. A student of the 4th school, Vanya Shpilkin, on instructions from the partisans, collected information about German units that were moving to Leningrad and back along the railway and highway, distributed leaflets, obtained ammunition, and, if possible, cut German telephone lines. Vanya and his father were shot at the edge of the forest behind Kudka “Rovnye Nivy”. At night, relatives dug up the father and son and reburied them at the Pokrovskoye cemetery in the city.
Vanya was posthumously awarded the Partisan of the Patriotic War medal, first class
The partisan messenger in Podgorny’s detachment was Katya Ivanova, an 8th grade student at secondary school No. 2, from the village of Kostkino, Matyushkinsky village council. Ustinova Lina joined the partisan detachment from the same school. And 6th grade student Nina Denisova was a partisan postman. Nina fell into the hands of the Gestapo. Unable to withstand the cruel torture, she reported individual names of the partisans. But the Germans did not spare her, but shot her.
Communist Pyotr Mitrofanovich Mitrofanov worked as a teacher before the war. After the occupation of the area, he joined the partisans. He was given a responsible, difficult task. I should have set it on fire barracksWith ammunition and weapons. Taking advantage of the panic of the Germans, get to the headman’s house and take from him lists of families in which family members were partisans. Pyotr Mitrofanovich completed the task with honor, but, returning from the task, he was arrested. During interrogations he was inhumanly tortured. Looking sternly into the eyes of the fascists, he declared: “No, I don’t know, I won’t answer.” He was asked: “And you want to give up your life? After all, tomorrow we can shoot you if you don’t give us the necessary information!” The partisan replied: “I lived a wonderful life. I have always been a communist and will die a communist, and communists never ask for mercy from the fascists!” The Nazis shot the patriot.
In the city of Sebezh, fascist lackeys managed to capture partisan intelligence officer Maria Seliverstovna Pynto. Many heroic deeds in our region are associated with her name.
This is how her comrades in the partisan struggle tell about one of the cases.
In December 1943, Maria, unexpectedly for the head of the garrison, entered his office.
What do you need? - he asked.
I was sent to you from the headquarters of the partisan brigade to come to an agreement with you. The commandant was so frightened that he could not utter a word.
Mr. Commandant, you must immediately write a letter to our dad Margot with a promise to give us the necessary information on our assignment and take us to the appointed place. For disobedience - execution.
Maria brought this letter to the detachment.
In the summer of 1943, Maria established contact with the Vlasovites and brought 22 fully armed people to the partisans.
In the spring of 1944, Pynto fell ill with typhus. I was treated by my sister in a dugout. A group of fascist servants surrounded the dugout. Masha was arrested. Fearing a typhoid patient, the Germans entrusted the interrogations to their faithful servants. The traitors subjected her to cruel torture. They knocked out his teeth, cut off his tongue, his left ear, pierced his skull in several places, and inflicted knife wounds. The Patriot did not betray anyone.
Vitalik and Zina Osipova.
When the Germans burst into the village of Shchekino, Zina and her brother Vitaly joined the partisans. Their mother died, and their older brother and father were at the front. In the Libovsky partisan detachment they were assigned important tasks. While performing a combat mission, the Germans captured Zina and wanted to hang her. Vitya went to look for his sister. Entering his native village, he saw near his house a crossbar thrown from a birch tree to an oak tree, with a prepared loop. Soon Zina was brought in. Vitya could not bear this and shot at the German. While escaping, he was killed, and Zina was saved by partisans who arrived in time to the scene of panic.
A significant contribution to the victory of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany was made by partisan detachments operating behind enemy lines from Leningrad to Odessa. They were led not only by career military personnel, but also by people of peaceful professions. Real heroes.
Old Man Minai
At the beginning of the war, Minai Filipovich Shmyrev was the director of the Pudot Cardboard Factory (Belarus). The 51-year-old director had a military background: he was awarded three Crosses of St. George in World War I, and fought against banditry during the Civil War.
In July 1941, in the village of Pudot, Shmyrev formed a partisan detachment from factory workers. In two months, the partisans engaged the enemy 27 times, destroyed 14 vehicles, 18 fuel tanks, blew up 8 bridges, and defeated the German district government in Surazh.
In the spring of 1942, Shmyrev, by order of the Central Committee of Belarus, united with three partisan detachments and headed the First Belarusian Partisan Brigade. The partisans drove the fascists out of 15 villages and created the Surazh partisan region. Here, before the arrival of the Red Army, Soviet power was restored. On the Usvyaty-Tarasenki section, the “Surazh Gate” existed for six months - a 40-kilometer zone through which the partisans were supplied with weapons and food.
All of Father Minai’s relatives: four small children, a sister and mother-in-law were shot by the Nazis.
In the fall of 1942, Shmyrev was transferred to the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement. In 1944 he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
After the war, Shmyrev returned to farm work.
Son of the kulak "Uncle Kostya"
Konstantin Sergeevich Zaslonov was born in the city of Ostashkov, Tver province. In the thirties, his family was dispossessed and exiled to the Kola Peninsula in Khibinogorsk.
After school, Zaslonov became a railway worker, by 1941 he worked as the head of a locomotive depot in Orsha (Belarus) and was evacuated to Moscow, but voluntarily went back.
He served under the pseudonym “Uncle Kostya” and created an underground that, with the help of mines disguised as coal, derailed 93 fascist trains in three months.
In the spring of 1942, Zaslonov organized a partisan detachment. The detachment fought with the Germans and lured 5 garrisons of the Russian National People's Army to its side.
Zaslonov died in a battle with the RNNA punitive forces, who came to the partisans under the guise of defectors. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
NKVD officer Dmitry Medvedev
A native of the Oryol province, Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev was an NKVD officer.
He was fired twice - either because of his brother - “an enemy of the people”, or “for the unreasonable termination of criminal cases.” In the summer of 1941 he was reinstated into the ranks.
He headed the reconnaissance and sabotage task force "Mitya", which conducted more than 50 operations in the Smolensk, Mogilev and Bryansk regions.
In the summer of 1942, he led the “Winners” special detachment and conducted more than 120 successful operations. 11 generals, 2,000 soldiers, 6,000 Bandera supporters were killed, and 81 echelons were blown up.
In 1944, Medvedev was transferred to staff work, but in 1945 he traveled to Lithuania to fight the Forest Brothers gang. He retired with the rank of colonel. Hero of the Soviet Union.
Saboteur Molodtsov-Badaev
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Molodtsov worked in a mine from the age of 16. He worked his way up from a trolley racer to a deputy director. In 1934 he was sent to the Central School of the NKVD.
In July 1941 he arrived in Odessa for reconnaissance and sabotage work. He worked under the pseudonym Pavel Badaev.
Badaev's troops hid in the Odessa catacombs, fought with the Romanians, broke communication lines, carried out sabotage in the port, and carried out reconnaissance. The commandant's office with 149 officers was blown up. At the Zastava station, a train with the administration for occupied Odessa was destroyed.
The Nazis sent 16,000 people to liquidate the detachment. They released gas into the catacombs, poisoned the water, mined the passages. In February 1942, Molodtsov and his contacts were captured. Molodtsov was executed on July 12, 1942.
Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.
Desperate partisan "Mikhailo"
Azerbaijani Mehdi Ganifa-ogly Huseyn-zade was drafted into the Red Army from his student days. Participant in the Battle of Stalingrad. He was seriously wounded, captured and taken to Italy. He escaped at the beginning of 1944, joined the partisans and became a commissar of a company of Soviet partisans. He was engaged in reconnaissance and sabotage, blew up bridges and airfields, and executed Gestapo men. For his desperate courage he received the nickname “partisan Mikhailo.”
A detachment under his command raided the prison, freeing 700 prisoners of war.
He was captured near the village of Vitovlje. Mehdi shot back to the end and then committed suicide.
They learned about his exploits after the war. In 1957 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
OGPU employee Naumov
A native of the Perm region, Mikhail Ivanovich Naumov, was an employee of the OGPU at the beginning of the war. Shell-shocked while crossing the Dniester, was surrounded, went out to the partisans and soon led a detachment. In the fall of 1942 he became the chief of staff of partisan detachments in the Sumy region, and in January 1943 he headed a cavalry unit.
In the spring of 1943, Naumov conducted the legendary Steppe Raid, 2,379 kilometers long, behind Nazi lines. For this operation, the captain was awarded the rank of major general, which is a unique event, and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In total, Naumov conducted three large-scale raids behind enemy lines.
After the war he continued to serve in the ranks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Kovpak
Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak became a legend during his lifetime. Born in Poltava into a poor peasant family. During World War I he received the St. George Cross from the hands of Nicholas II. During the Civil War he was a partisan against the Germans and fought with the whites.
Since 1937, he was chairman of the Putivl City Executive Committee of the Sumy Region.
In the fall of 1941, he led the Putivl partisan detachment, and then a formation of detachments in the Sumy region. The partisans carried out military raids behind enemy lines. Their total length was more than 10,000 kilometers. 39 enemy garrisons were defeated.
On August 31, 1942, Kovpak participated in a meeting of partisan commanders in Moscow, was received by Stalin and Voroshilov, after which he carried out a raid beyond the Dnieper. At this moment, Kovpak’s detachment had 2000 soldiers, 130 machine guns, 9 guns.
In April 1943, he was awarded the rank of major general.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
