Pm Tretyakov is the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery. The secret heiress of the Tretyakov Gallery
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. Born on December 15 (27), 1832 in Moscow - died on December 4 (16), 1898 in Moscow. Russian entrepreneur, philanthropist, collector of Russian works fine arts. Founder of the Tretyakov Gallery. Honorary citizen of Moscow (1896).
Pavel Tretyakov was born on December 15 (27 according to the new style) 1832 in Moscow into a merchant family.
Father - Mikhail Zakharovich Tretyakov, had small shops in Gostiny Dvor, owned a paper-dying and finishing factory.
Mother - Alexandra Danilovna Tretyakova, daughter of a businessman.
Younger brother - Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov (January 19 (31), 1834, Moscow - July 25 (August 6), 1892, Peterhof), entrepreneur, philanthropist, collector, actual state councilor, one of the founders of the Tretyakov Gallery.
In total there were twelve children in the family, Pavel was the eldest.
Pavel and Sergey were the same age, so since childhood they always did everything together and were very friendly. At the same time, they had different characters and temperaments: Pavel was laconic, reserved and focused, while Sergei was usually cheerful and even looked frivolous. The brothers received their education with the help of home teachers hired by their father. When the boys grew up, their father began to involve them in work in his shops: Pavel and Sergei followed the orders of the clerk, called in customers, and did the cleaning.
In 1848, four children in the Tretyakov family died due to scarlet fever, which affected their father’s health. Mikhail Tretyakov, shortly before his death, made a will, according to which all the “acquired capital” passed to his wife Alexandra Danilovna. At the same time, Mikhail Zakharovich made a separate point about his sons: “Raise and decently educate your sons until they reach adulthood. If my wife notices that my sons will take money not for a good deed, but for some kind of weakness or debauchery, then I give full freedom to prohibit the issuance of money until the formal division.”
In 1851, the large Tretyakov family moved to a two-story Zamoskvoretsky house with an outbuilding, a kitchen, a laundry room, a stable and a carriage house. The first floor was given to Pavel, Sergei and their sister Elizabeth. Alexandra Danilovna and her younger children settled on the second floor.
A few years later, Pavel and Sergei received from their mother all rights to manage the business and, taking their son-in-law as partners, founded the company “Shop of linen, paper, woolen goods, Russian and foreign Trading House of P. and S. Tretyakov brothers and V. Konshin in Moscow " In the new company, each of the owners was responsible for their own area: Vladimir Dmitrievich worked directly in the store, Sergei oversaw foreign trade operations, Pavel did all the accounting.
Business was going well; in 1866, the brothers opened a paper spinning and weaving factory in Kostroma, which employed several thousand people.
Founding of the Tretyakov Gallery
In the autumn of 1852, Pavel Tretyakov visited St. Petersburg. For more than two weeks he visited theaters, exhibitions, and wandered through the halls of the Hermitage, the Rumyantsev Museum, and the Academy of Arts. He wrote to his mother: “I saw several thousand paintings! Paintings by great artists... Raphael, Rubens, Vanderwerf, Poussin, Murilla, S. Rosa, etc. and so on. Saw countless statues and busts! I saw hundreds of tables, vases, and other sculptural things made from stones that I had no idea about before.”
After this trip, he became interested in collecting paintings - the desire to collect paintings by Russian artists became the meaning of his life.
In the 1850s, Pavel Tretyakov began collecting a collection of Russian art, which almost from the very beginning he intended to give to the city. He acquired his first paintings on June 4, 1856, these were the works “Temptation” and “Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers.” These were the first paintings of the future famous.
Further, the collection was replenished with paintings by I. P. Trutnev, A. K. Savrasov, K. A. Trutovsky, F. A. Bruni, L. F. Lagorio and other masters. Already in 1860, the philanthropist drew up a will, which stated: “For me, who truly and ardently loves painting, there can be no better desire than to lay the foundation for a public, accessible repository of fine arts for all, bringing benefit to many and pleasure to all.”.
In the 1860s, Tretyakov acquired the paintings “The Prisoners’ Halt” by V. I. Jacobi, “The Last Spring” by M. P. Klodt, “Grandmother’s Tales” by V. M. Maksimov and others. Pavel Mikhailovich highly appreciated the work of V. G. Perov, to whom he wrote in October 1860: “Take care of yourself for the service of art and for your friends.” In the 1860s, such works by Perov as “Rural Procession at Easter”, “Troika” and “Amateur” were acquired. Subsequently, Tretyakov continued to acquire paintings by Perov, commissioned portraits from him, and actively participated in organizing a posthumous exhibition of the artist’s works.
In 1864, a painting on the theme of Russian history appeared in the collection - “Princess Tarakanova” by K. D. Flavitsky. At the end of the 1860s, Pavel Mikhailovich commissioned F. A. Bronnikov to paint “The Pythagorean Hymn to the Rising Sun.”
On industrial matters, Pavel Tretyakov often traveled abroad, where he became acquainted not only with technical innovations, but also with painting. In Germany, France, Italy, England, Austria, he visited exhibitions and museums.
Also, artists were dedicated to the subtleties of fine art. In St. Petersburg workshops, the collector learned the technology of painting, knew how to coat paintings with varnish or remove damage on canvas without the help of a restorer. Ivan Kramskoy recalled: “His demeanor in the studio and at exhibitions is the greatest modesty and silence.”
In 1874, Tretyakov built a building for the collected collection - a gallery, which in 1881 was open to the public.
A large number of paintings in his collection came from the Itinerant artists. These are: “The Rooks Have Arrived” by Savrasov and “The Morning of the Streltsy Execution” by Surikov, “Christ in the Desert” by Kramskoy and “Birch Grove” by Kuindzhi. And many hundreds more works. Pavel Tretyakov bought entire collections of paintings from artists. For example, from Vasily Vereshchagin in 1874, he immediately acquired 144 paintings and sketches, as well as 127 pencil drawings. The collection was immediately replenished with 80 works by Alexander Ivanov. Vasily Polenov's picturesque impressions from a trip to the Middle East - 102 sketches - also became part of the collection. Tretyakov collected paintings by artists of the 18th - early 19th centuries from antique stores and private shops.
Pavel Tretyakov - portrait by Ilya Repin
On August 31, 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich wrote a statement to the Moscow City Duma about his decision to transfer his entire collection and the collection of his late brother Sergei Mikhailovich, along with the gallery building, to the city. “Wishing to contribute to the establishment of useful institutions in a city dear to me, to promote the prosperity of the arts in Russia and at the same time preserve eternal time the collection I have collected", wrote Pavel Tretyakov.
In 1893, this institution received the name "City art gallery Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov." Pavel Tretyakov was appointed a lifelong trustee of the gallery and received the title of Honorary Citizen of Moscow. Shareholder of the Moscow Merchant Bank.
After the opening of the gallery, according to the recollections of contemporaries, Tretyakov intended to nobility, but Pavel Mikhailovich refused: “I was born a merchant, and I will die a merchant.”
Tretyakov’s latest acquisition for his gallery is Levitan’s sketch for the painting “Above Eternal Peace.”
By the end of his life, Tretyakov received the title of commerce advisor, was a member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufactures, and since 1893 - a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.
Together with his brother, he owned several apartment buildings in Moscow, including: The Tretyakov Apartment House (Kuznetsky Most Street, 13/9 - Rozhdestvenka Street, 9/13); Apartment building of the Tretyakovs (Kuznetsky Most Street, 9/10 - Neglinnaya Street, 10/9).
Pavel Tretyakov’s fortune at the time of his death was estimated at 3.8 million rubles.
Died December 4 (16), 1898. Last words his relatives were like: “Take care of the gallery and be healthy.”
He was buried at the Danilovskoye Cemetery in Moscow next to his parents and brother Sergei, who died in 1892. In 1948, the ashes of the Tretyakov brothers were reburied at Novodevichy Cemetery.
In Moscow, a monument to Pavel Tretyakov was erected in front of the Tretyakov Gallery.
On the island of Novaya Zemlya in the Matochkin Shar Strait there is the Tretyakov Glacier.
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov (documentary film)
Personal life of Pavel Tretyakov:
Wife - Vera Nikolaevna Mamontova, cousin of Savva Mamontov. They got married in August 1865. According to the memoirs of Tretyakov’s contemporaries, their marriage was harmonious and happy.
The marriage produced six children:
Vera (1866-1940);
Alexandra (1867-1959);
Love (1870-1928);
Mikhail (1871-1912);
Maria (1875-1952);
Ivan (1878-1887).
The eldest son Mikhail was born sick and weak-minded. The youngest son Ivan died early (from scarlet fever complicated by meningitis), which was a heavy blow for Pavel Tretyakov.
Daughter Vera Tretyakova, who left memories, wrote about the atmosphere that reigned in the family: “If childhood can really be happy, then my childhood was like that. That trust, that harmony between loved ones who loved us and cared for us, was, it seems to me, the most valuable and joyful.”
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov was a parishioner of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Tolmachi.
The family had a house in Lavrushinsky Lane.
Publications in the Museums section
Pavel Tretyakov. Art belongs to the people
“Your great name and work will remain,” art critic Vladimir Stasov said to Pavel Tretyakov. These words turned out to be prophetic. Throughout his life, the merchant, entrepreneur, and philanthropist collected paintings by Russian artists in order to donate a unique collection to his hometown..
Childhood dream
Pavel Tretyakov and Mikhail Pryanishnikov. 1891 Photo: tphv-history.ru
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. 1898 Photo: tphv-history.ru
Maria Pavlovna, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov and Nikolai Vasilievich Nevrev. 1897 Photo: tphv-history.ru
Pavel Tretyakov grew up in a merchant family and was educated at home. I started collecting my first collection since childhood: I bought engravings and lithographs at the market, in small shops. At the age of fourteen, together with his brother, he continued the family business - first they ran shops with scarves and a store, and then acquired a manufactory in Kostroma. Things were going well, but this did not affect Tretyakov’s lifestyle.
"Silent, modest, as if lonely"- this is how others saw Pavel Tretyakov. He avoided balls, did not admit excesses, and always wore a frock coat of the same cut. The only excess is a cigar a day. But the other side of modesty was a broad soul: he supported a school for the deaf and dumb, organized a shelter for widows, orphans and poor artists. He also supported bold undertakings, such as the Miklouho-Maclay expedition.
Tretyakov family
Pavel Tretyakov with his wife Vera Nikolaevna (nee Mamontova). 1880s Photo: wikimedia.org
Family of Pavel Tretyakov. 1884 Photo: tretyakovgallery.ru
Pavel Tretyakov with his granddaughters. 1893 Photo: tphv-history.ru
At the age of 33, Pavel Tretyakov married Savva Mamontov’s cousin, Vera. Although the head of the family was called “unsmiling,” the marriage was harmonious and happy. Tretyakov became gloomy and silent after the death of one of his sons, Ivan, everyone’s favorite and his father’s hope. But despite the family misfortune, an atmosphere of love accompanied Tretyakov’s children throughout their lives.
“If childhood can truly be happy, then my childhood was that way. That trust, that harmony between loved ones who loved us and cared for us, was, it seems to me, the most valuable and joyful.”
Vera Tretyakova, eldest daughter
Industrialist - collector
Nikolai Schilder. Temptation. Year unknown.
Alexey Savrasov. View of the Kremlin in inclement weather. 1851. State Tretyakov Gallery
Vasily Khudyakov. Skirmish with Finnish smugglers. 1853. State Tretyakov Gallery
In the fall of 1852, Tretyakov visited St. Petersburg. For more than two weeks he visited theaters, exhibitions, wandered the halls of the Hermitage, the Rumyantsev Museum, the Academy of Arts and, overwhelmed with impressions, wrote to his mother:
“I saw several thousand paintings! Paintings by great artists... Raphael, Rubens, Vanderwerf, Poussin, Murilla, S. Rosa, etc. and so on. Saw countless statues and busts! I saw hundreds of tables, vases, and other sculptural things made from stones that I had no idea about before.”
This trip finally made the merchant and industrialist Tretyakov a collector of paintings. The desire to collect paintings by Russian artists became the meaning of his life. At that time, Pavel Mikhailovich was only 24 years old; the patron bought the first paintings by Russian artists in 1856. These were “Temptation” by Nikolai Schilder and “Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers” by Vasily Khudyakov. Over the next four years, the living rooms of the mezzanine of the house on Lavrushinsky Lane were decorated with paintings by Ivan Trutnev, Alexey Savrasov, Konstantin Trutovsky... Tretyakov not only laid the foundation for the collection, but also determined the main purpose of his collection, which he wrote about in his will.
“For me, who truly and ardently loves painting, there can be no better desire than to lay the foundation for a public, accessible repository of fine arts for all, bringing benefit to many and pleasure to all.”
To Europe - for impressions, to workshops - for experience
Ivan Kramskoy. Unknown. 1883. Tretyakov Gallery
Victor Vasnetsov. Bogatyrs. 1881-1898. Tretyakov Gallery
On industrial matters, Pavel Tretyakov often traveled abroad to get acquainted with technical innovations. These trips became “art universities” for the collector. In Germany, France, Italy, England, Austria, he visited exhibitions and museums.
Tretyakov was also taught the intricacies of fine art by practical artists. In St. Petersburg workshops, the collector learned the technology of painting, knew how to coat paintings with varnish or remove damage on canvas without the help of a restorer. “His demeanor in the studio and at exhibitions is the greatest modesty and silence”, - Ivan Kramskoy recalled about Tretyakov’s visits.
Picture by picture
Vasily Surikov. The morning of the Streltsy execution. 1881. Tretyakov Gallery
Alexey Savrasov. The rooks have arrived. 1871. Tretyakov Gallery
Arkhip Kuindzhi. Birch grove. 1879. Tretyakov Gallery
The Itinerants movement provided the gallery with a stream of real masterpieces. “The Rooks Have Arrived” by Savrasov and “The Morning of the Streltsy Execution” by Surikov, “Christ in the Desert” by Kramskoy and “Birch Grove” by Kuindzhi and hundreds and hundreds of other works. Tretyakov bought entire collections of paintings from artists, like from Vasily Vereshchagin: in 1874 he immediately acquired 144 paintings and sketches, 127 pencil drawings. The collection was immediately replenished with 80 works by Alexander Ivanov. Vasily Polenov's picturesque impressions from a trip to the Middle East - 102 sketches - also became part of the collection. Tretyakov collected paintings by artists of the 18th - early 19th centuries from antique stores and private shops.
The artists themselves admitted that the collector had a special perception of painting, and at exhibitions they sometimes did not know which paintings he would choose. “This is a man with some kind of devilish instinct”, - Kramskoy spoke about Tretyakov.
Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane
State Tretyakov Gallery
State Tretyakov Gallery
State Tretyakov Gallery
By 1872 large family The Tretyakovs were tired of those who wanted to see his unique collection, and the collector decided to build a separate building for it. New halls were built gradually. After the death of his brother, Sergei Tretyakov, his collection also took a place in the gallery, and then it was decided to transfer the collection of paintings to the city.
“Wishing to contribute to the establishment of useful institutions in a city dear to me, to promote the prosperity of the arts in Russia and at the same time to preserve the collection I have collected for eternity.”
Pavel Tretyakov
The philanthropist himself was not present at the opening of the gallery - he left Moscow with his family for six months, as he did not like unnecessary attention to his person. After the opening of the gallery, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, Alexander III
“I don’t need rich nature, no magnificent composition, no spectacular lighting, no miracles, give me even a dirty puddle, but so that there is truth in it, poetry, and there can be poetry in everything, this is the work of the artist.”
Pavel Tretyakov
From the memoirs of Vera, the eldest daughter of Pavel Tretyakov.
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov married in August 1865 Vera Nikolaevna Mamontova, cousin of the famous philanthropist Savva Ivanovich Mamontov. Over the next five years, they had three daughters - Vera, Alexandra and Lyubov. The next son, Mikhail, became a problem for the family, as he was born weak-minded. Then Maria and the youngest, most beloved son, Ivan, were born, who showed great talent for music. But he did not live long: the boy, eight years old, died of meningitis. Pavel Mikhailovich's grief was endless.
In 1887, the eldest daughter Vera married Alexander Ilyich Ziloti, a talented musician and close relative of the composer Sergei Rachmaninoff. Vera Pavlovna herself was a capable pianist. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who often visited the Tretyakovs’ house, even advised her to enter the conservatory. Pavel Mikhailovich’s third daughter, Lyubov, with her father’s blessing, married the artist N.N. Gritsenko. Her second husband was the famous artist L. S. Bakst, known, in addition to paintings, also for designing ballets for the Russian seasons of S. P. Diaghilev in Paris. Two other daughters of the Tretyakovs became the wives of the sons of the famous clinician Sergei Petrovich Botkin (1832-1889 ): Alexandra married the doctor and collector Sergei Sergeevich Botkin, Maria married the military sailor, doctor, inventor, traveler Alexander Sergeevich Botkin.
Alexandra later wrote a wonderful book about her father: “Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov in Life and Art.” Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov’s wife, Elizaveta Sergeevna, died early, giving birth to his son Nikolai and daughter Maria, who died in infancy. Raised by his grandmother, he received a good education, studied music and painting, played in the theater, like his father and uncle, he was fond of collecting works of art. According to the memoirs of a contemporary, Nikolai Sergeevich Tretyakov once turned to his famous uncle, Pavel Mikhailovich, for advice with the question - to continue Should he continue painting? He carefully looked at his work and said: “Drop it! It won't work." However, the stubborn nephew did not give up drawing. He painted and exhibited his still lifes, landscapes and genre works, and in 1896 he presented the Tretyakov Gallery with the painting “In the Morning at the Dacha” (its other name is “At Tea”). It depicts his family: wife, daughter, son and their teacher.
But no matter how Pavel Mikhailovich felt about his nephew’s work, the famous philanthropist apparently highly valued him as a person. In particular, Pavel Mikhailovich assumed that after his death it was Nikolai who would become a lifelong trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery. However, he, alas, died in 1896 at the age of 39, even before Pavel Mikhailovich himself.. In the matter of collecting works of art, the Tretyakov brothers, naturally, were not the first. Collecting various kinds, including paintings, was very common among the merchants of that time. It is known, for example, that the merchants Kokorev and Sol-datenkov owned large collections of paintings. But they wanted, first of all, to successfully invest capital, while the Tretyakovs from the very beginning dreamed of creating a museum of Russian fine art. Great-great-granddaughter of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov Ekaterina Khokhlova, she is also the great-granddaughter of Alexandra Pavlovna Tretyakova (the middle daughter of a philanthropist) and Sergei Sergeevich Botkin and the granddaughter of actress Alexandra Sergeevna Khokhlova and director Lev Kuleshov. In the 1970s, she says, the youngest son of Vera Pavlovna (the eldest daughter of a philanthropist) and Alexander Ilyich Ziloti, Lev, came to Moscow from America. It is interesting that the son of Lev and the grandson of Vera Pavlovna, Alex already has the surname Siloti, he is a computer engineer and also came to Moscow with two nieces. They are already completely American; they don’t speak Russian. They were very surprised that their ancestor was so famous in Russia, and knew practically nothing about the Tretyakov Gallery.
According to Ekaterina Khokhlova, the Tretyakovs’ descendants remained only with Lev. The rest of the grandchildren of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov were childless. From this branch,” she says, “the only direct relatives left were me, my son and grandchildren. Pavel Tretyakov's third daughter Lyubov had two children: daughter Marina from her first husband, artist Nikolai Gritsenko, who died young from consumption, and son Andrei from her second husband, artist Lev (Leon) Bakst. By the way, Marina Nikolaevna, perhaps the only one of our close relatives along the Tretyakov line, lived her entire life in Russia and is buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. She was not married and had no children. Andrei Bakst also died childless, but in Paris. Tretyakov's last daughter, Maria, who married Sergei Sergeevich Botkin's brother, had one daughter, but she died childless. The son of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, Mikhail, was born sick and also did not leave any offspring. And the youngest son Ivan died as a child. My son is no longer Khokhlov, but Fadeev. There are no people today who bear the name Tretyakov and are Pavel Mikhailovich’s heirs in a direct line.
On December 27, 1832, Pavel Tretyakov, entrepreneur and founder of the Tretyakov Gallery, was born.
Russian entrepreneur, philanthropist, collector of works of Russian fine art, founder of the Tretyakov Gallery Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov was born on December 27 (15 according to the old style) December 1832 in Moscow into a merchant family.
He was educated at home and began a career in commerce, working with his father. Developing the family business, Pavel, together with his brother Sergei, built paper spinning factories that employed several thousand people. After the death of their father, in 1850, the brothers continued his business and moved from a variety of trade in shops (linen, bread, firewood) in the Old Gostiny Dvor to serious entrepreneurship.
In the 1850s, Pavel Tretyakov began amassing a collection of Russian art. Tretyakov acquired his first paintings in 1856 - these were the works “Temptation” by Nikolai Schilder and “Clash with Finnish Smugglers” by Vasily Khudyakov (this year is considered to be the year the Tretyakov Gallery was founded).
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
Pavel and Sergei are the eldest sons in the family of the merchant of the second guild, Mikhail Zakharovich and Alexandra Danilovna, where there were seven more children. The Tretyakov family came from merchants of the city of Maloyaroslavets, known since 1646, who moved to Moscow in the 18th century. Mikhail Zakharovich Tretyakov had five shops in the Old Trading Rows on Ilyinka, traded at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, and had a flax spinning and weaving factory in Kostroma. The children studied at home with hired teachers.
In 1850, Mikhail Zakharovich Tretyakov died when Pavel was seventeen years old and Sergei was fifteen. The brothers immediately continued their father's business - their mother helped run the business.
In 1851, the Tretyakov brothers independently participated in the Nizhny Novgorod Fair for the first time and at the end of summer they bought a house on Lavrushinsky Lane, which became the basis of the Tretyakov Gallery building.
In 1853 - 1855, the Tretyakov family donated significant funds for hospital needs and military needs during the Crimean War.
In 1854, Pavel Tretyakov bought ten paintings by old Dutch artists at a flea market near the Sukharevskaya Tower, which became the basis of his collection of Western European paintings.
On August 26, 1856, Sergei Tretyakov received a bronze medal to wear in his buttonhole on the Anninsky ribbon in memory of the war of 1853–1856. On October 24 of the same year, he married Elizaveta Sergeevna Mazurina.
In 1856, Pavel Tretyakov acquired the painting “Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers” by artists V.G. Khudyakova and “Temptation” by N.G. Schilder. This year is the year of the founding of the Tretyakov Gallery.
On April 11, 1859, according to the father's will, all trading affairs were transferred from the mother to the eldest sons.
Opened on January 1, 1860 trading house"P. and S. br. Tretyakov and V.D. Konshin" for trade in linen, cotton and wool products. On January 2, Sergei Tretyakov was elected city mayor by the Moscow Merchant Society. In the same year, his wife Elizaveta Sergeevna died during childbirth.
In 1860, the Tretyakov brothers financed the construction and maintenance of the Arnold-Tretyakov School for the Deaf and Mutes on Donskaya Street.
In 1861, Sergei Tretyakov traveled to Switzerland and France and became an amateur member of the Moscow Society of Art Lovers. On March 20, Sergei Tretyakov was elected to the Moscow City Duma.
In 1864 - 1866, Sergei Tretyakov was a foreman of the Moscow merchant class.
In 1865, Pavel Tretyakov married Vera Nikolaevna Mamontova, they had two sons and three daughters.
In 1866, Sergei and Pavel Tretyakov, together with V.D. Konshin and K.Ya. Kashin became the founders and directors of the New Kostroma Manufactory, which united spinning, weaving and bleaching factories.
In 1866, Pavel Tretyakov became one of the founders and directors of the Moscow Merchant Bank.
In 1869 - 1870, the Tretyakov brothers were listed as members and donors of the Slavic Charitable Committee in Moscow.
In 1871, they bought a mansion on Prechistensky Boulevard (now Gogolevsky Boulevard, No. 6), where Sergei Tretyakov settled.
In 1872, Sergei Tretyakov was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 3rd degree.
In 1873, Sergei Tretyakov was elected an honorary member of the Trustee Society of the Moscow Commercial School.
In 1874, architect A.S. Kaminsky built a two-story building for the gallery, adjacent to the southern wall of the house and connected to residential building, but had a separate entrance for visitors. Initially, it was possible to enter the gallery only with the personal permission of Pavel Tretyakov.
In 1877, Sergei Tretyakov was elected mayor of Moscow - with his own funds he built Tretyakovsky Proezd between Nikolskaya Street and Teatralny Proezd. In the same year he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 2nd degree, for his activities on the Council of the Moscow Commercial School.
In 1881 - 1887, Sergei Tretyakov subsidized the publication of the Art Journal.
In 1881, entry to the Tretyakov Brothers Gallery became free and free for everyone.
In 1882, Sergei Tretyakov traveled around Europe and took an active part in the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition in Moscow.
In 1883, he was awarded the rank of full state councilor and the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree, for his participation in the construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
In 1889, Sergei Tretyakov was elected chairman of the Moscow Society of Art Lovers, awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 1st degree, and later moved to St. Petersburg.
July 25, 1892 Sergei Tretyakov dies in Peterhof. He is buried at the Danilovsky cemetery in Moscow. In his will, he wrote: “Since my brother Pavel Mikhailovich expressed to me his intention to donate his art collection to the city of Moscow and, in view of this, to present his part of the house, which belongs to us in common, to the ownership of the Moscow City Duma, then I am part of this house, belonging to me, I present it as property to the Moscow City Duma."
In 1892, Pavel Tretyakov transferred his collection and brother to the city.
On August 31, 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich addressed the Moscow Duma: “Concerned, on the one hand, with the speedy implementation of the will of my dear brother, and on the other, wanting to contribute to the establishment of useful institutions in my dear city, to promote the prosperity of art in Russia and at the same time To preserve the collection I have collected forever, I now present my entire art gallery as a gift to the Moscow City Duma and transfer the part of the house that belonged to me to the ownership of the city.”
The collection included 1276 paintings, 471 drawings and 9 sculptures from almost all schools and movements of Russian fine art. art XVIII-XIX centuries Pavel Tretyakov's expenses for creating the gallery amounted to about four million rubles.
On August 15, 1893, the museum “City Art Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov” was opened. Pavel Tretyakov was a lifelong trustee of the gallery and a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.
In 1894, Pavel Tretyakov donated 30 paintings and 12 drawings to the gallery.
In 1898, a painting by V.M. was purchased for the gallery. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs".
On December 4, 1898, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov died and was buried at the Danilovsky cemetery. In 1948, the ashes of the Tretyakov brothers were reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery.
