Literary Memorial Museum of Kolas. I erected a monument to myself...

Yakub Kolas Museum in Minsk open to the public since 1959, before that it was Kolas's home, where he lived for the last 11 years of his life. Yakub Kolas (real name Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich) is a famous writer, poet, public figure and scientist. During his lifetime, the house on Akademicheskaya Street 5 was a kind of spiritual center of the capital, in which a friendly and creative atmosphere reigned. Kolas' frequent guests were famous writers, artists, artists, scientists, political and civic leaders.

State Literary memorial museum Yakub Kolas includes the writer’s house and the area adjacent to the house, including trees planted by Kolasam himself.

On the ground floor the house contains exhibitions telling about life and creative path Yakub Kolas, about his social and scientific activity. On the second floor, the bedroom, study, living room and dining room are preserved as they were during the poet’s life. IN personal account Since the day of the writer’s death, his belongings have still not been touched. Even the unfinished letter to Kolas has been lying on his desk for 50 years. While writing this letter, Yakub Kolas died of a heart attack on August 13, 1956.

Yakub Kolas is rightfully considered the founder of national prose, he author of poetic masterpieces - the poems “New Land” and “Symon Music”. This man made an invaluable contribution to Belarusian culture and literature; he opened the Belarusian written word to other countries of the world and glorified the Belarusian people.

The works of Yakub Kolas have been repeatedly translated into foreign languages, many of his novels and stories were staged in theaters, and some were even filmed. Since 1972, the Yakub Kolas State Prize has been awarded every two years for the best prose works and literary works. Libraries, squares, streets of cities and villages of Belarus are named after him. In many places there are monuments and memorial plaques to the national poet.

The Yakub Kolas Museum in Minsk conducts general, thematic excursions and lectures. Among them: “Great Patriotic War in the fate of Yakub Kolas”, “Little-known facts of the biography of Yakub Kolas”, “The poem “New Land”: history of the work, images and prototypes”, “Yakub Kolas during the years of imprisonment: unknown facts (to the 100th anniversary of the liberation of Yakub Kolas from Pishchalovsky Castle) ", etc. In addition, the museum holds events for preschoolers and children of primary school age, as well as various cultural and educational events. The most famous of them are “Kolasoviny” is a literary and musical festival dedicated to the poet’s birthday.

A visit to the Yakub Kolas Museum in Minsk contributes not only to a close acquaintance with the activities of the national poet, Belarusian literature and art, but also to the spiritual elevation of tourists who prefer to vacation in Belarus. Many literary excursions in Belarus, educational tours in Belarus and weekend tours in Belarus include a visit to the Yakub Kolas Museum in Minsk.

Zaire Azgur began work on the monument to Yakub Kolas, part of the famous architectural ensemble on the square named after the poet, in 1949.

In the photograph in which Konstantin Mikhailovich poses for Zair Isaakovich, we see a bust of the writer, who ultimately remained in the sculptor’s creative workshop. But this expression on Kolas’s face is also immortalized on the monument, under which several generations of Minsk residents made and still make appointments with each other.

Due to his age, it was difficult for Kolas to stand in one place when posing, but the sculptor found a way out. He built an improvised pedestal from two benches, to which the writer reacted with irony: “You built me ​​a luxurious throne. Should I climb it? Initially, the sculptor’s work looked like this: the writer leaned on a cane with one hand and held a book in the other. But one element obscured the other, so they decided to abandon the cane, which Kolas carried with him in old age. And yet, the canes that helped Konstantin Mikhailovich move also became part of history - they remained in the poet’s museum. Kolas used to carve them out of wood himself.

This is not the first collaboration between two talented Belarusians: Azgur was first commissioned to create a bust of Kolas back in 1924. When the still very young sculptor began work, the poet, who had already made a name for himself, began to recite excerpts from “New Land.” During the second session, Yanka Kupala came to the workshop. Azgur was worried that Kolas turned out to be older than he actually is, to which Kupala said: “Yakuba will live more than a hundred years, it’s not scary that he looks a little older here. Later he himself will become older, and the sculpture will be younger.” A monument-bust of Kupala himself later also appeared in Azgur’s portfolio.

The relationship between the sculptor and the poet went beyond the “master - sitter” framework. Kolas knew that Azgur, who studied in Leningrad from 1925 to 1927, was constantly experiencing financial difficulties, so he sent him 40 rubles every month. Once, having arrived in Minsk on vacation, Azgur met with Kolas in the house of his uncle-writer, and while getting ready to go home, Zaire discovered pockets full of apples in his jacket. At home, another surprise awaited him: in the same jacket there was huge money for that time - 200 rubles. Kolas helped everyone who contacted him, and not a single letter went unanswered. The peasants asked for money for a cow; A girl once wrote asking for help buying a wedding dress - Kolas did not refuse.

On the third day after Kolas’s death, a resolution was issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus on perpetuating the memory of the writer. The document included many points: publish a collection of works, open a museum, name a street after it. Not only officials paid tribute to Uncle Yakub. For example, thanks to the Belarusian cosmonaut Pyotr Klimuk, a miniature edition of Kolas’s poems even traveled to space: this was how the crew members brightened up their leisure time. Later, Klimuk brought this copy to the poet’s museum, signed it and left it as a souvenir. And for the 90th anniversary of Kolas, a book measuring 5x4 cm was published, the cover of which was made of silver and malachite.

Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich is known not only in Belarus. In the Danube Shipping Company the ship was named “Yakub Kolas”. By the way, the captain of the ship personally came to Minsk to get materials about Kolas, so that every passenger could not only enjoy the trip on the ship, but also get acquainted with the work of the Belarusian writer. They love our fellow countryman even in China: on Chinese The poem “New Land” and the story “Drygva” were translated. And in 2012, Chinese artist Ao Te depicted an elderly poet on rice paper. This painting also took its rightful place in the Yakub Kolas Museum.

Yakub Kolas is a nominal classic of Belarusian literature of the 20th century. I’ll say right away that I don’t like Kolas’s books - all the problems raised in them have long crumbled and withered along with the system that gave birth to them. Or even earlier. Or even it did not exist at all, this problem.

In short, all of Kolas’s books are about peasants and the village. Even when he wrote about the city, it still turned out to be a book by a villager about the village. He couldn’t write about anything else and didn’t want to. Endless dull wooden huts, gray and uninteresting life, homespun shirts and rotten potatoes, endless misfortunes of honest working people “succumb to master’s oppression.” Just so you understand, it’s like if the entire history of the United States was reduced to the life of African-American ghettos. Then the endless partisans began, speaking in quotes from the young security officer’s handbook.

For this he received a bunch of titles and awards and died in a warm bed. And this was at a time when Kafka and Joyce, Thomas Mann and Bertrand Russell were creating. When sparks rained down from under the literary anvil, forging a new understanding of what a person is.

However, let's not talk about sad things. Be that as it may, Kolas still remains a prominent figure in the culture of Belarus; the central square of the capital and the street on which the house with my Minsk apartment is located are named after him. Let's just see how "Dziadzka Jakub" lived in the fifties.

03. Kolas's house is located in Minsk, near the Academy of Sciences. In the early fifties it was the outskirts of the city, but now it is the very center - the city has grown greatly in an eastern direction. The house was built by architect Georgy Zaborsky; the same one who designed many buildings in . The house looks quite recognizable and interesting.

05. Let's go around the house. To the left of the entrance there is a cellar called “lyadoinya”.

07. To paraphrase a well-known aphorism - “You can take grandfather out of the village, but never take the village out of grandfather.”

08. Behind the fence you can see a simpler building, where the children and relatives of Yakub Kolas were moved after his death, turning his house into a museum. For some reason, it seems to me that this house began to be designed and built during Yakub’s lifetime, right in front of his office window - but more on that later.

09. From the back side, Kolas House looks like this.

11. Let's take a look inside. The house begins with a coat rack (I remembered the proverb about the theater), on which the original copper hooks are still preserved. Unfortunately, this is one of the few original features remaining in the house - especially on the first floor.

12. This is the view from the hallway. On both sides of the shooting point there are two walk-through rooms. Directly - something like a former kitchen. Now in Kolas’s house there is a museum exhibition made in the best Soviet traditions - throwing away everything that is real and leaving what is ideologically true. There is no bathroom or kitchen left in the house - as you know, Soviet writers they don’t pee or eat, they just constantly think about the fate of the people, the world revolution, and write and write.

13. Here, for example, is a door. Personally, I find it much more interesting than the endless collections of works by Yakub Kolas displayed around. What was behind it? What did she look like? real life in the house? I can look at the book in the store. Why did they throw out the old handle and screw on a Chinese gold-plated one, bought for $2 at the Household Goods on the Logoisk Trakt?

14. Books under glass. On the right, by the way, is an excellent illustration in the traditions of the Belarusian book graphics, but still, books have no place here. Bring back Kolasov’s kitchen, I want to see where he had breakfast every day.

15. Let's look for some more original parts. Here, for example, is a molded plinth. I don't know if he was here in the fifties.

16. The door frame is certainly original. Maybe a little touched up during the renovation.

17. Let's go to the second floor, there are more interesting original things left there. Ladder. Under the ceiling is a typical lamp from the fifties (I have the same one at home, left over from the previous owners of the apartment), to the right are the doors to a large balcony-terrace, straight ahead are the doors to Kolas’s office and bedroom (we’ll look there later), to the left are the doors to the front part of the house. Let's go there.

18. The original parquet from the fifties has been preserved on the second floor. Yes, just like that - not very high quality, uneven. The joints between the rooms were “made” from leftovers. The parquet creaks when walking. By the way, on the first floor, under the modern gray carpet, the same parquet remained - old and creaky.

19. Living room. The original furniture remained here - Kolas brought it, it seems, from somewhere in the Baltic states, and at that time it was already an antique. The furniture is, in my opinion, rather tasteless.

20. Despite its fairly presentable appearance, the house smells of a poor village - the smell of dampness and mice. I don't know why that is.

21. Under the ceiling in the living room there is a tacky socket.

22. TV. I don’t know if Kolas watched it. Currently, only one skeleton remains of the original TV set from the fifties, inside of which there is a Horizon “cube” - already also old.

24. Modern double-glazed windows were inserted into old window frames. It’s good that they left the pens.

25. Dining room on the second floor. Reminds me of a typical Minsk apartment from the fifties.

26. The furniture here is nicer than in the living room.

28. Door handle. This is it real life- a roller with which the door was closed. More often than not, it fell inside - and I had to put a rubber band on the door frame so that the door would close tightly. The screws are also very remarkable - they were often not tightened, but hammered in with a hammer - once and for all.

30. Typewriter. This is still a pre-revolutionary model, to which the Belarusian letter “у нестлаговае” has been added. An eloquent text is typed on paper - about the wise policy of the Communist Party, the Soviet people, blah blah blah. And this is at a time when Elias Canetti... okay, let's not talk about sad things.

24. Bookcase. I will not comment on the choice of the writer’s books.

24. Clock on the bookcase. In general, there are quite a few clocks and several barometers left in the room - this produces a rather strange and mysterious impression. And it seems to me that I have figured out this riddle. Sitting in the office of his new house and constantly looking at the clock, which was counting down time so quickly, the already very middle-aged Yakub Kolas realized that this house was not built for him at all - but for the future museum named after him. In which ideologically loyal guides will talk about his life.

25. I know what Kolas felt when he sat down every day new table work office. They no longer expect books from him, no longer expect poetry; there is a kind of ban on transformations - he must remain a “Belarusian writer about the village.” There is no need to write anything else.

26. Life is lived. You live in a museum of your own caution, spinelessness, and loyalty. Those who were different lie in the ground with their heads covered. You survived, you're better than them. Really, Jakub? - asks the pressed owl.

27. I don’t know what Kolas answered to his conscience.

28. Stayed last door. The door to the writer's bedroom is a small passage room from the office. It leaves an amazing impression - in the farthest corner of the huge house there is a small room hidden. The ceiling is lower than in the rest of the house. There is a small, almost teenage crib in the corner. At the foot of the bed there is a door to the restroom, to the left of the door there is a stove.

Everything is very reminiscent of a small room in a village house.

29. On the wall hangs a portrait of his son and a barometer. It seems to me that it was in this room that Kolas felt comfortable. He recalled the times of “Nasha Niva” - when there was no USSR, no titles and regalia, no daily need to write about successes in the sowing season, no nervous obligation to answer daily calls from a “benevolent organization”.

He remembered life without a golden cage.

30. I woke up, looked at the ceiling and thought and thought.

30. And on the chair lies the writer’s briefcase...

Over the last four years of his life, which passed in his new house, Yakub Kolas did not write a single new book.

The Yakub Kolas Literary and Memorial Museum is a museum whose exhibition is dedicated to the life and work of the outstanding Belarusian poet, prose writer, playwright, publicist and teacher Yakub Kolas (Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich, 1982-1956).

About the museum

The Yakub Kolas Museum was founded in 1956 and opened to the public in 1959. The museum is located in the house where he spent recent years people's poet of Belarus Yakub Kolas. The two-story wooden house and the adjacent garden with an area of ​​0.4 hectares are located on the territory of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus.
The museum exhibition is housed in 10 halls, two of which (the office and the bedroom) preserve the original interior of Kolas’s house. Among the museum's exhibits are personal belongings, historical documents and photographs, manuscripts and books.

Tourist Information

Opening hours: Monday - Saturday from 10.00 to 17.30; Sunday is a day off. The ticket office is open from 10.00 to 17.00.
Ticket prices: for adults - 20 thousand Belarusian rubles, for students - 14 thousand Belarusian rubles, for children - 10 thousand Belarusian rubles; For privileged categories of citizens, admission is free.
On the last Saturday of every month, admission to the museum is free for everyone.
Telephone: + 375 17 284 17 02
How to get there: walk from the metro station "Academy of Sciences". The museum is located behind the main building of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus.
Official website: www.yakubkolas.by

Photo: State Literary and Memorial Museum of Yakub Kolas