And the dawns here are quiet, table of the main characters. Boris Vasiliev - And the dawns here are quiet...

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Beloved Komelkova

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Galya Chetvertak - orphan, pupil orphanage. In the orphanage she received her nickname for her short stature. Dreamer. She lived in a world of her own fantasies, and went to the front with the conviction that war is romance. After the orphanage, Galya ended up in a library technical school. The war found her in her third year. On the first day of the war, their entire group was sent to the military commissar. Everyone was assigned, but Galya didn’t fit anywhere, either in age or height. During the battle with the Germans, Vaskov took Galya with him, but she, unable to withstand the nervous tension of waiting for the Germans, ran out of cover and was shot by the Nazis. Despite such a “ridiculous” death, the foreman told the girls that she died “in a shootout.”

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Zhenya is a very beautiful red-haired girl, the other heroines were amazed at her beauty. Tall, slender, with fair skin. My wife is 19 years old. Zhenya has her own account with the Germans: when the Germans captured Zhenya’s village, Zhenya herself managed to hide the Estonian woman. In front of the girl's eyes, the Nazis shot her mother, sister and brother. She goes to war to avenge the death of her loved ones. Despite the grief, “her character was cheerful and smiling.” In Vaskov's platoon, Zhenya showed artistry, but there was also enough room for heroism - it was she who, calling fire on herself, led the Germans away from Rita and Vaskov. She saves Vaskov when he fights the second German who killed Sonya Gurvich. The Germans first wounded Zhenya and then shot her point-blank.

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Senior sergeant, deputy platoon commander of female anti-aircraft gunners.

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Liza Brichkina is a simple village girl, originally from the Bryansk region. The forester's daughter. One day, their father brought a guest to their house. Lisa really liked him. Seeing the conditions in which the girl is growing up, the guest invites Lisa to come to the capital and enter a technical school with a dormitory, but Lisa did not have the chance to become a student - the war began. Lisa always believed that tomorrow would come and be better than today. Lisa died first. She drowned in a swamp while carrying out the task of Sergeant Major Vaskov.

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Postman

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Sergeant Major Vaskov's landlady

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Rita is strict, she never laughs, she just moves her lips a little, but her eyes still remain serious. “Rita was not one of the lively ones...” Rita Mushtakova is the first from the class to great love married senior lieutenant Osyanin, with whom she gave birth to a son, Albert. And there was no happier girl in the world. At the outpost she was immediately elected to the women's council and enrolled in all the circles. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect against gases, and then... war. On the very first day of the war, she turned out to be one of the few who was not confused and did not panic. She was generally calm and reasonable. Rita's husband died on the second day of the war during a counterattack on June 23, 1941. Having learned that her husband is no longer alive, she goes to war in her husband’s place in order to protect her little son, who is left with his mother. They wanted to send Rita to the rear, but she asked to go into battle. They drove her away, forced her into the heated vehicles, but the persistent wife of the deceased deputy head of the outpost, Senior Lieutenant Osyanin, appeared again at the fortified area headquarters every other day. In the end, she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to the regimental anti-aircraft school. The authorities valued the unsmiling widow of the hero-border guard: she noted it in orders, set it as an example, and therefore respected her personal request - to be sent, after completing her studies, to the area where the outpost stood, where her husband died in a fierce bayonet battle. Now Rita could consider herself satisfied: she had achieved what she wanted. Even the death of her husband faded into the farthest corner of her memory: Rita had a job, and she learned to hate quietly and mercilessly... In Vaskov’s platoon, Rita became friends with Zhenya Komelkova and Galya Chetvertak. She died last, putting a bullet in her temple and thereby saving Fedot Vaskov. Before her death, she asked him to take care of her son. The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment of the story. Boris Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Sonya Gurvich is a girl who grew up in a large, friendly Jewish family. Sonya is originally from Minsk. Her father was a local doctor. She herself studied for a year at Moscow University and knew well German. A neighbor at lectures, Sonya’s first love, with whom they spent only one unforgettable evening in a cultural park, volunteered for the front. Knowing German, she could be a good translator, but there were many translators, so she was assigned to an anti-aircraft gunner (of whom, in turn, there were few). Sonya is the second victim of the Germans in Vaskov's platoon. She runs away from the others to find and return Vaskov’s pouch, and stumbles upon patrol saboteurs who killed Sonya with two stabs in the chest.

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Major, Vaskov's commander

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The main character of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "And the dawns here are quiet...".

Petty Officer Fedot Vaskov is the commandant of the 171st patrol in the Karelian wilderness. The crews of the anti-aircraft installations of the patrol, finding themselves in a quiet situation, begin to suffer from idleness and get drunk. In response to Vaskov’s requests to “send non-drinkers,” the command sends two squads of female anti-aircraft gunners there... Fedot completed four classes of the regimental school, and in ten years rose to the rank of senior officer. Vaskov experienced a personal drama: after the Finnish war, his wife left him. Vaskov demanded his son through the court and sent him to his mother in the village, but the Germans killed him there. The sergeant major always feels older than his years. The author emphasizes the peasant mind and peasant spirit in the “gloomy foreman” Fedot Vaskov. “Solid taciturnity”, “peasant slowness”, special “masculine thoroughness” since “he was the only man left in the family - the breadwinner, the water-drinker, and the breadwinner.” The female anti-aircraft gunners subordinate to him call thirty-two-year-old Vaskov behind his back as “an old man” and “a mossy stump with twenty words in reserve, and even those from the regulations.” “All his life, Fedot Evgrafovich followed orders. He did it literally, quickly and with pleasure. He was the transmission gear of a huge, carefully adjusted mechanism.” Having encountered with his “search group” of five “girls with three-rulers in an embrace” sixteen armed fascist thugs from head to toe, rushing through the Sinyukhin ridge to the Kirov railway, to the “canal named after. Comrade Stalin,” Vaskov “hid his confusion. I thought and thought, turned my heavy brains, sucked at all the possibilities of the upcoming deadly meeting. From his military experience, he knew that “playing Hovanki with a German is almost like playing with death”, that the enemy “must be beaten. Beat until he crawls into the lair,” without pity, without mercy. Realizing how difficult it is for a woman, who always gives birth to life, to kill, he taught and explained: “These are not people. Not people, not people, not even animals - fascists. So look accordingly"

The first publication of the story took place in the August issue of the magazine “Youth” for the year.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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According to the author, the story is based on an actual episode of the war, when seven soldiers, who, after being wounded, served at one of the junction stations of the Kirov Railway, did not allow a German sabotage group to blow up railway in this area. Only the sergeant, the commander of a group of Soviet soldiers, survived, and after the war he was awarded the medal “For Military Merit.” “And I thought: this is it! A situation when a person himself, without any order, decides: I won’t let you in! They have nothing to do here! I started working on this plot and have already written about seven pages. And suddenly I realized that nothing would work. This will simply be a special case in war. There was nothing fundamentally new in this plot. Work stopped. And then I suddenly came up with the idea - let my hero’s subordinates be not men, but young girls. And that’s it - the story immediately lined up. Women have the hardest time in war. There were 300 thousand of them at the front! And then no one wrote about them."

Plot

Fedot Vaskov is the commandant of the 171st patrol in the Karelian wilderness. The crews of the anti-aircraft installations on the patrol, finding themselves in a quiet situation, begin to suffer from idleness and get drunk. In response to Vaskov’s requests to “send non-drinkers,” the command sends two squads of female anti-aircraft gunners there. One of them notices two German saboteurs in the forest. Vaskov understands that they are planning to infiltrate strategic targets through the forests and decides to intercept them. He assembles a group of five anti-aircraft gunners and, in order to get ahead of the saboteurs, leads a detachment along a road known to him alone through the swamps to the rocks of the Sinyukhin ridge. However, it turns out that the enemy squad consists of 16 people. Vaskov understands that this force cannot be stopped head-on, and, having sent one of the girls for help - Liza Brichkina, who is secretly in love with him, who dies by drowning in a swamp, decides to pursue the enemy. Using various tricks, he enters into a series of unequal clashes, in which the four girls who remained with him die - the perky beauty Zhenya Komelkova, the intelligent Sonya Gurvich, the orphanage Galya Chetvertak and the serious Rita Osyanina. He still manages to capture the surviving saboteurs, he leads them to Soviet positions and meets his own on the way.

Characters

Vaskov
Fedot Evgrafovich Vaskov is the commandant of a small military unit - patrol station No. 171. Vaskov is 32 years old. Vaskov's rank is foreman. He is a brave, responsible and reliable fighter. Vaskov is a kind and simple person. At the same time, he is a demanding and strict boss. Vaskov tries to ensure that everything is according to the regulations.
Margarita Osyanina
Margarita Osyanina - junior sergeant, squad commander. She has several female anti-aircraft gunners under her command. Margarita is 20 years old. She is a serious, calm and reasonable girl. Margarita is a young widow. Margarita's husband died in the war. She has a small son and a sick mother. When Margarita dies, Vaskov takes Rita’s son to him and raises him.
Evgenia Komelkova
Evgenia Komelkova is an ordinary soldier. Evgeniya is 19 years old. She is the daughter of an officer. Evgenia’s entire family dies in the war, but Evgenia herself is saved. Evgeniya is a beautiful, tall red-haired girl; brave, mischievous and cheerful. At the same time, Evgenia is a reliable and brave fighter. Evgenia heroically dies during a shootout with the Germans.
Elizaveta Brichkina
Elizaveta Brichkina is an ordinary soldier, a girl from a simple family. Her father is a forester. Since the age of 14, Elizaveta has been caring for her sick mother, who dies 5 years later. Elizabeth runs the household herself and helps her father. Elizabeth is going to study at a technical school, but the war begins. Instead of technical school, Elizabeth is forced to dig trenches. Elizaveta is a hardworking, patient girl. Elizabeth drowns in a swamp while performing a combat mission.
Sofia Gurvich
Sofya Gurvich is an ordinary soldier. Sofia is a student at Moscow University, studying with excellent marks. She reads a lot and loves poetry and theater. Sophia is Jewish by nationality. Her father serves as a local doctor in Minsk. Sophia has a large and friendly family. Sophia is a quiet and inconspicuous, but efficient girl. At the front, Sophia serves as a translator, and then as an anti-aircraft gunner. Dies from the knife of a reconnaissance group of German saboteurs
Galina Chetvertak
Galina Chetvertak is the youngest of the five main characters. Galina is an orphan, a “foundling.” She grew up in an orphanage. Before the war, she studied at a library technical school. Galina goes to war for the sake of romance, but the war turns out to be an overwhelming test for her. Galya lies and makes up tall tales all the time. She likes to live in an imaginary world. Galya is short in stature. She was shot in action while panicking and trying to escape from the Germans. .

Film adaptations

Theater productions
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - performance by the Moscow Taganka Theater, directed by Yuri Lyubimov (USSR, 1971).
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - opera by Kirill Molchanov (USSR, 1973).
- Orenburg Drama Theatre. M. Gorky, production by Rifkat Israfilov (Russia, 2006).
- “And the dawns here are quiet” - a performance by the Volzhsky Drama Theater, directed by Alexander Grishin (Russia, 2007).
- “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” - a performance by the St. Petersburg Theater “Workshop” under the direction of Grigory Kozlov, director - Polina Nevedomskaya, artist Anna Marcus (Russia, 2011).
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - performance at the Borisoglebsky Drama Theatre. N. G. Chernyshevsky (Russia, 2012).
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - performance by the St. Petersburg school-studio “People's Artists”, directors - Vasily Reutov and Svetlana Vaganova. Cast: Vitaly Gody, Elena Ashcherkina, Yulianna Turchina, Olga Tolkunova, Yulia Yagodkina, Maria Pedko, Alexandra Lamert, Anna Yashina, Ekaterina Yablokova, Yulia Kuznetsova, Nikolay Nekipelov, Lidiya Spizharskaya, Maria Slobozhanina (Russia, 2012).
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - performance by the theater studio “Wonderland”.
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - musical drama, Seversky Musical Theatre, composer - A. Krotov (Novosibirsk), libretto - N. Krotova (Novosibirsk), director - K. Torskaya (Irkutsk), choreographer - D. Ustyuzhanin (St. St. Petersburg), artist - D. Tarasova (St. Petersburg) (Russia, 2015).
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - performance by the Azart Theater (Zarinsk).
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - opera Chinese, composer Tang Jianping, premiered at the National Center for the Performing Arts in Beijing on November 5, 2015.
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - composition by the Alapaevsk Exemplary Children's Musical Theater "BARABASHKA", director - K. I. Misharina.
- “And the dawns here are quiet...” - play by the Moscow Theater “Theater Mansion”, directed by Alexey Vasyukov (Russia, 2016).
The main character, foreman, commandant of the patrol. Vaskov is distinguished by a “peasant mind” and “solid reticence.” He is 32 years old, but he feels much older, since he became the family breadwinner at the age of fourteen. Vaskov has four years of education.

One of the main characters, a participant in the war who served at the 171st patrol. She was an orphan from an orphanage, who on the very first day of the war was sent as part of a group to the military commissar. She dreamed of participating in the war, but since she was not suitable, either in height or age, they did not want to take her. In the end, she was assigned to an anti-aircraft gunner.

One of the main characters, an anti-aircraft gunner who ended up in Fedot Vaskov’s detachment. Zhenya was a beautiful, slender, red-haired girl, whose beauty was admired by everyone around her. The village in which she grew up was captured by the Germans.

One of the main heroines of the story, a brave girl anti-aircraft gunner who served in Vaskov’s detachment. Lisa grew up in the family of a forester from the Bryansk region. All her life she cared for her seriously ill mother, because of which she could not even finish school.

One of the main characters, the eldest in the platoon. Rita is a serious and reserved person. She almost never laughs or shows emotion. He treats other girls in the squad strictly and always keeps to himself.

One of the main characters, a girl anti-aircraft gunner from the detachment of Sergeant Major Fedot Vaskov. Sonya is a shy girl from Minsk who studied at Moscow University to become a translator, and with the beginning of the war she ended up in a school for anti-aircraft gunners.

Kiryanova

Secondary character, platoon deputy sergeant, senior among the anti-aircraft gunners.

Major

A minor character, the immediate commander of Sergeant Major Vaskov, it was he who provided the female anti-aircraft gunners to his platoon.

Mistress Maria Nikiforovna

Many talented writers Great theme Patriotic War worried for more than a dozen years after the end of the horror that they had to endure. One of the most moving books about the war is Boris Vasiliev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” on which the film of the same name was based. It tells the story of an unfulfilled, irreplaceable and lost generation, carried away by the war. The picture shakes even the most persistent viewer to the core.

The film “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” was filmed in 1972 by director Stanislav Rostotsky. It returns the viewer to the harsh and tragic times of the war. The film genre is called lyrical tragedy. And this is very accurate. A woman in war is a soldier, but she is also a mother, a wife, and a beloved.
The film starred: Andrei Martynov, Irina Dolganova, Elena Drapeko, Ekaterina Markova, Olga Ostroumova, Irina Shevchuk, Lyudmila Zaitseva, Alla Meshcheryakova, Nina Emelyanova, Alexey Chernov
Director: Stanislav Rostotsky
Writers: Stanislav Rostotsky, Boris Vasiliev
Operator: Vyacheslav Shumsky
Composer: Kirill Molchanov
Artist: Sergey Serebrenikov
The film premiered: November 4, 1972

Rostotsky himself was born in 1922 and knows firsthand about the sorrows of war. Participation in the Great Patriotic War left an imprint on his soul forever, which he reflected in his painting. He has a lot to his name legendary films, such as "White Bim Black Ear", "We'll live until Monday", "It happened in Penkov", etc. He himself went through the war, and a woman, a nurse, saved his life by pulling him, wounded, from the battlefield. She carried the wounded soldier several kilometers in her arms. Paying tribute to his savior, Rostotsky made a film about women in war. In 2001, the director passed away. He was buried on Vagankovskoe cemetery, just a year short of the thirtieth anniversary of his film.

The theme of the film: “Oh, women, women, you unfortunate people! For men, this war is like a hare’s smoke, but for you, it’s like that...” The idea of the film: “But I thought to myself: this is not the main thing. And the main thing is that Sonya could have given birth to children, and they would have given birth to grandchildren and great-grandchildren, but now this thread will not exist. A small thread in the endless yarn of humanity, cut by a knife.”
Rostotsky was for actresses as Sergeant Major Vaskov was for the heroines of the film. The filming took place in difficult climatic conditions and they went through all the hardships together. So, in the scene of walking through a swamp with the girls every morning into the slush with the saying “the woman sowed peas - wow!” the director walked, slightly creaking with the prosthesis he had left after being wounded.

The director managed to create a well-coordinated acting ensemble, consisting mainly of debutants, and reveal the characters of the main characters in some detail. Particularly vivid and dramatic was the scene of the death of the heroine Olga Ostroumova, who in the last minutes of her life sang the verses of an old romance... Andrei Martynov was also memorable in the role of the “girl commander” Sergeant Major Vaskov.
On the right there is a lake, on the left there is a lake, on the isthmus there is a dense forest, in the forest there are sixteen Nazi saboteurs, and Sergeant Major Vaskov must detain them with the forces of five female anti-aircraft gunners armed with three-line guns.
Vaskov sets the task: “Comrade fighters! The enemy, armed to the teeth, is moving in our direction. We have no neighbors either to the right or to the left, and we have nowhere to wait for help, so I order: to all fighters and to myself personally: keep the front! Hold! Even when you don’t have the strength, you still hold on. There is no land for the Germans on this side! Because we have Russia behind us... Motherland, to put it simply.”
There were many front-line soldiers in the film group, so before the actresses were approved for the role, a casting was held with a vote for each girl.
The five anti-aircraft gunner girls who followed Vaskov into the forest are five accurate portraits of the era.

Iron Rita Osyanina (I. Shevchuk), the widow of a young commander. After the release of the film, the actors traveled with him all over the world. The abundance of foreign voyages aroused increased interest in state security officials in actresses.
“There was a moment immediately after the film’s release when I, 20 years old, was recruited by the KGB,” says Irina Shevchuk. - They promised me mountains of gold, they hinted that I needed to somehow get an apartment, etc. I answered honestly: I don’t think that my homeland is in danger of trouble. And if something happens, I’ll somehow decide who to find and who to say what.
The daring beauty Zhenya Komelkova (O. Ostroumova) is from a “komsostavskaya” family. Before Olga Ostroumova, many actresses auditioned for the role of Zhenya Kamelkova. But Rostotsky chose her. It is noteworthy that Ostroumova was the only one for whom “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” was not a debut. Before this, she had already starred in the film “We’ll Live Until Monday” with the same director.
Actress Olga Ostroumova, who played Zhenya Kamelkova, was almost removed from the role - problems arose with the makeup.
They painted me red and gave me chemicals,” says Olga Ostroumova. “Everything was curled up like a little demon, which doesn’t suit me.” The first shots turned out ridiculous. The bosses began to put pressure on director Rostotsky and demanded that I be removed from the role. To which Stanislav Iosifovich replied: “Stop making her up and leave her alone.” And they left me alone for a week - I got a tan, the chemo started to wear off, and somehow everything corrected itself.
Despite the tight shooting schedule and the director’s exactingness, youth took its toll, and young actresses and the crew members organized cheerful gatherings and dances that sometimes lasted until 3 o’clock in the morning.
There were two hours left for sleep, and then again for filming,” says film designer Evgeniy Shtapenko. - We saw the sunrise; the places there were amazingly beautiful.

The silent forester's daughter Liza Brichkina (E. Drapeko); And Elena Drapeko was removed from the role of Lisa Brichkina. For a while.
In the script, Liza Brichkina is a rosy-cheeked, lively girl. “Blood with milk, tits in wheels,” Elena Drapeko laughs. - And I was then a second-year student, a little reed, a little out of this world. I studied ballet, played the piano and violin. What peasant acumen do I have? When they watched the first filming material, I was removed from the role.
But then Rostotsky’s wife Nina Menshikova, having seen the footage at Gorky’s studio, called Rostotsky in Petrozavodsk and said that he was wrong. Rostotsky looked at the material again, assembled a film crew, and they decided to keep me in the role. They etched my eyebrows and drew about 200 red freckles. And they asked to change their dialect.
Quiet Sonya Gurvich (I. Dolganova), an excellent student at the university with a volume of Blok in a soldier’s bag;
The harsh filming regime and extremely realistic makeup in the death scenes caused people to faint during filming. The first difficult moment was the scene of the death of Sonya Gurvich (played by actress Irina Dolganova).

Rostotsky made us believe in the reality of death,” says Ekaterina Markova (Galya Chetvertak). - When they started putting makeup on Ira Dolganova, they took us away so that we wouldn’t see this process. Then we went to the filming location - the crevice where Sonya Gurvich was supposed to lie. And they saw something that made them faint: a completely lifeless face, white with yellowish tint, and terrible circles under the eyes. And there is already a camera there, filming our first reaction. And the scene when we find Sonya turned out to be very realistic in the film, just one on one.
When they smeared bull’s blood on my chest in the scene of Sonya’s death and flies began to flock to me, Olga Ostroumova and Ekaterina Markova became ill with their hearts, says Irina Dolganova. - An ambulance had to be called to the set.
Orphanage Galya Chetvertak (E. Markova). “I was almost really sent to the next world in this film,” recalls Ekaterina Markova, who plays the role of Galka Chetvertak. – Remember the scene when I, frightened, ran out of the bushes shouting “Mom!” and getting shot in the back? Rostotsky decided to shoot a close-up of the back so that the bullet holes and blood were visible. To do this, they made a thin board, drilled it, “mounted” vials of artificial blood and attached them to my back. At the moment of the shot, the electrical circuit should have been closed, the tunic should have broken through from the inside and “blood” should have flowed out. But the pyrotechnicians miscalculated. The “shot” turned out to be much more powerful than planned. My tunic was torn to shreds! Only the board saved me from injury.

The task will be completed at a high cost. Only Sergeant Major Vaskov will survive. “This is happening in 1942,” said writer Boris Vasiliev, “and I know the Germans of 1942 well, my main clashes with them took place. Now special forces can be like that. At least eighty meters, well armed, knowing all the techniques of close combat. You can't dodge them. And when I confronted them with the girls, I thought sadly that the girls were doomed. Because if I write that at least one of them survived, it would be a terrible lie.
Only Vaskov can survive there. Who is fighting in his native places. He can smell it, he grew up here. They can’t win against this country when we’re protected by the landscape, the swamps, the boulders.”
Filming on location began in May 1971 in Karelia. The film crew lived in the Severnaya Hotel in Petrozavodsk. Only there were no interruptions in hot water.
Rostotsky meticulously selected actresses for the roles of female anti-aircraft gunners. During the three months of the preparatory period, several hundred yesterday's graduates and current students of creative universities passed before the director.

Ekaterina Markova fell in love with the audience as Gali Chetvertak. Few people know that this actress is currently successfully working on creating detective novels.
Sonya Gurvich was superbly played by Irina Dolganova, to whom the mayor of Nizhny Novgorod, admiring her work, presented the Volga.
Elena Drapeko was approved for the role of Lisa Brichkina.
Elena Drapeko was studying at the Leningrad Theater Institute when Rostotsky’s assistants noticed her. Elena was cast in the role of Lisa Brichkina, the one who dies first, dies a terrible, desperate death - drowning in a swamp, going with a report to the unit. Filming in the swamp was difficult from a technical point of view. Movie cameras were installed on rafts and filmed from them.
“I actually played myself,” says Drapeko. - Although, of course, I had to work, because I didn’t live in any village, but was a girl from a quite intelligent family, I played the violin. But my “roots” coincided with Liza Brichkina: on my father’s side, my ancestors were crests, they were from peasants, so this is apparently present in the genes.” At some point, she had troubles with Rostotsky, and he even wanted to fire her from the painting. In the end, the conflict was resolved. IN real life Drapeko was, according to Fedot (Andrei Martynov), who was in love with her, a dazzling “plum apple”, a beauty, the daughter of an officer, and she got to play the red-haired village Lisa.

During each shooting, makeup was applied to the actress’s face, which “highlighted” her cheekbones and “revealed” her freckles. And although the actress herself believed that she had a fairly heroic character, she had to be very romantic on camera. But today the fighter Brichkin-Drapeko sits in the State Duma
When Lisa drowned in the swamp, the audience cried. How was this tragic scene filmed?
I played the episode of death in the swamp without an understudy. At first, Rostotsky tried to film something from a distance, not with me. The result is what we call “linden”. The viewer simply wouldn't believe us. We decided to film it “live”, in a real swamp, to make it scary. They laid dynamite, exploded, and created a crater. Liquid mud flowed into this funnel, which in the North is called drygva. It was into this funnel that I jumped. The director and I had an agreement that when I go under the water shouting “Ah-ah!..”, I sit there until there is enough air in my lungs. Then I had to show my hands out of the water, and they pulled me out.
Second take. I hid under the jerky. The volume of my lungs turned out to be quite large. Moreover, I understood that the swamp should close over me, settle down, calm down... With every movement, I deepened and deepened the bottom with my boots. And when I raised my hands up, they were not seen from the platform. I was completely, as they say, completely hidden by the swamp. People on the set began to worry. One of the camera assistants, who was counting the spent meters of film and time, noticed that I should somehow prove myself, but for some reason I haven’t shown up for a long time.

He shouted: “It looks like we really drowned her!..” They threw wooden shields over the swamp, and on these shields the guys crawled to the crater, found me and pulled me out like a turnip from a garden bed. There is permafrost in Karelia. A swamp is a swamp, but the water only warmed up twenty centimeters, and then the ice began to crumble. The feeling, let me tell you, is not a pleasant one. Every time, after the next take, I was washed and dried. From the cold to hot water. A little rest, and - a new take. Now, as far as I know, tourists are taken by excursion bus from Petrozavodsk to the swamp where Liza Brichkina drowned. True, for some reason there are already several such swamps...

Actress Irina Shevchuk recalled: “And I had a very difficult scene where I die. Before filming, I heard a lot from doctors about how people behave when they are wounded in the stomach. And she got into the role so much that after the first take she lost consciousness!” The actress felt the heroine’s death throes so realistically that after filming she had to be “revived.” This is how Irina Shevchuk became famous thanks to the role of Rita Osyanina. Today Shevchuk is the director of the Open Film Festival of the CIS and Baltic countries “Kinoshok”
On October 5, the group returned to Moscow. However, filming in the pavilion began only a week and a half later: Martynov, Ostroumova and Markova with the Youth Theater went on tour to Bulgaria.
When all the anti-aircraft gunners were assembled, we began filming the episode in the bathhouse. For five hours Rostotsky tried to persuade the girls to appear naked, but they refused, as they were brought up in strictness.

We really doubted this scene and tried our best to refuse: take stunt doubles, film them in a steam bath, and we won’t film naked! - says Olga Ostroumova. Rostotsky convinced that this was very necessary for the film: “You are always in boots, in gymnasts, with guns at the ready, and the audience will forget that you are women, beautiful, gentle, expectant mothers... I need to show that they don’t just kill people, and women, beautiful and young, who must give birth, continue the race.” ...There were no more disputes. We went for the idea.
At the film studio, they were selecting a female camera crew, looking for female illuminators, and there was one condition: on the set, only men were director Rostotsky and cameraman Shumsky - and then behind the film enclosing the bathhouse. But, as everyone remembers, there was no sex in the Soviet Union, therefore, local projectionists often cut out these famous shots.

Elena Drapeko recalls:
The meeting about this scene lasted four hours. We were persuaded. A pavilion called “Bathhouse” was built, and a special filming regime was introduced, since we set a condition: not a single man should be in the studio during this scene. It is impossible to imagine a more chaste procedure. An exception was made only for director Rostotsky and cameraman Shumsky. Both were fifty - ancient old men to us. In addition, they were covered with a film in which two holes were cut: for one of the director’s eyes and for the camera lens. We rehearsed in swimsuits.
The girls all rehearsed in swimsuits, and only took off their clothes for filming. All these washcloths, gangs, steam... Then they took off their swimsuits. Motor. Camera. Let's start. And behind the pavilion there was a special installation that was supposed to supply steam to us so that everything would really look like a real bathhouse. And near this installation there was a certain Uncle Vasya, “not discussed”, who was supposed to monitor its work. He stood behind a plywood partition, and therefore we did not see him at the rehearsal. But when they launched the camera, steam began to flow, and suddenly there was a wild howl, like from a high-explosive bomb: “Oooh!..” Roar! Roar! And this Uncle Vasya flies into the pavilion in a padded jacket and boots, and we are naked on the shelves, soaped... And this happened because Uncle Vasya “looked into the frame”... He had never seen so many naked women.
The scene was filmed after all. She performed as a soloist on screen - for sixteen seconds! - Olga Ostroumova.
There were a lot of problems with the bath episode later. After the first viewing of the film, the authorities demanded that the explicit scene be cut out. But Rostotsky somehow miraculously managed to defend it.

In “Dawns...” there was another scene where girl anti-aircraft gunners sunbathe naked on a tarpaulin. The director had to remove it.
The director wanted to invite him to play the role of Sergeant Major Vaskov. famous performer. The candidacy of Georgy Yumatov was considered. Then a young artist from the capital’s Theater for Young Spectators appeared, Andrei Martynov. He was approved for the role.
At first, the director doubted the choice of actor, but Martynov was approved by secret vote by the entire film crew, including lighting and stage workers. Martynov even grew a mustache for filming. They agreed with the director that Vaskov would have a peculiar dialect in the film - a local dialect, and since Andrei comes from Ivanovo, it was enough for him to simply speak the local language. The role of Sergeant Major Vaskov in the film “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” became a stellar debut for him - the 26-year-old actor played the middle-aged Sergeant Major surprisingly naturally.

Andrei Martynov discovered remarkable human depth in his foreman Vaskov. “But if you saw how work on “Dawns” began with him,” said Rostotsky. - Martynov couldn’t do anything. With such a “masculine” appearance, he is extremely feminine. He could neither run, nor shoot, nor chop wood, nor row, nothing.

That is, he could not perform the physical actions required in the film. Because of this, he could not play anything. But I worked and learned something. And at some point I felt that things were going well.”
When the foreman screams with a heart-rending cry: “Kick!!!” disarmed the Germans, applause broke out more than once in domestic cinemas...
Writer Boris Vasiliev came to filming only once. And he was very dissatisfied. He said that he was a fan of Lyubimov’s play, but did not agree with the concept of the film.
The scene of the death of Rita Osyanina caused a heated argument between Rostotsky and Vasiliev. In the book, Vaskov says: “What will I tell your children when they ask why you killed our mothers?” And Rita answered: “We did not fight for the White Sea-Baltic Canal named after Comrade Stalin, but we fought for the Motherland.” So, Rostotsky flatly refused to insert this phrase into the film, because this is a view from today: “How brave you are, Borya, my fathers, you suddenly said about this. But Rita Osyanina, volunteer, Komsomol member '42. It couldn’t even occur to her.” Boris Vasiliev objected. And with that we parted ways...

Rostotsky was very offended by the words of the writer Astafiev, who said that in cinema there is no truth about the war, the heroines, when they are killed with bullets in the stomach, sing the romance “He told me: be you mine.” This, of course, is about Zhenya Komelkova. “But this is distorted,” the director was indignant. - Nobody kills her at this moment with bullets in the stomach, she is wounded in the leg and she, overcoming the pain, does not sing at all, but shouts out the words of the romance, which then, after “Dowry” was on everyone’s lips, and drags her into the forest Germans. This is quite in character with the reckless, heroic Zhenya. It’s very disappointing to read this.”
Rostotsky himself is a front-line soldier; he lost his leg at the front. When he mounted the picture, he cried because he felt sorry for the girls.
Chairman of Goskino Alexei Vladimirovich Romanov told Rostotsky: “Do you really think that we will ever release this film to the screen?” The director was confused, did not know what he was accused of. For three months the painting lay motionless. Then it turned out that amendments needed to be made. And suddenly, one fine day, something changed, and it turned out that “The Dawns...” were quite worthy of the wide screen.
Moreover, the film was sent to the Venice Film Festival. The actresses remembered this film festival for the rest of their lives.

At the preview for journalists, Rostotsky experienced terrible moments. Before this, a two-part Turkish film was shown, the audience was already going crazy, and then they were shown some kind of two-part film about girls in gymnasts. They laughed all the time. Twenty minutes later, according to Rostotsky, he wanted to take a Kalashnikov assault rifle and shoot everyone. The upset director was led out of the hall arm in arm.
The next day there was a viewing at 11 pm. “Dawns...” lasts 3 hours 12 minutes. “I understood perfectly well that the film would fail: two and a half thousand people, a tuxedo festival, the film is in Russian with Italian subtitles, there is no translation,” Stanislav Rostotsky shared his impressions. “I was walking in my tuxedo, which I had put on for the second time in my life, and they were holding me by the arms because I was just falling. I decided that I would count how many people would leave the picture. But somehow they didn’t leave. And then suddenly there was applause in one place. The most dear to me. Because it was not an applause for me, not for the actors, not for the screenwriting... This hostile audience in Italy suddenly began to sympathize with the girl Zhenya Komelkova and her action. That was the most important thing for me."

In 1974, the film “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” was nominated for an Oscar, but lost the main prize to Buñuel’s “The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie.” Nevertheless, “The Dawns...” was purchased all over the world. Actors, when traveling somewhere abroad, sometimes saw themselves speaking a foreign language.
“I was completely dumbfounded when I heard myself speak Chinese,” laughs Andrei Martynov. - I was told that more than a billion people watched the film in China. Deng Xiaoping himself called “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” a truly Chinese painting.”

The first screening of the film abroad in Venice and Sorrento created a real sensation. There was a line at the Rossiya cinema for a month. The film became a laureate of several international film festivals, and was recognized by the American Academy of Film Arts as one of the five best world films of the year. The film received a prize at the Venice Film Festival, and a year after its release it was nominated for an Oscar.

After watching “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet...” it would seem that a quite clear idea of the war is created, but we cannot understand all the torments of fascist hell, all the drama of the war, its cruelty, senseless deaths, the pain of separated mothers from their children, brothers and sisters, wives with husbands.
This film became the film debut for all the leading actors, with the exception of Olga Ostroumova. It enjoyed great success at the box office, becoming the leader of the Soviet box office in 1973, attracting 66 million viewers.
The film “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” was highly praised by critics and government officials. He was awarded the USSR State Prize (1975, screenwriter B. Vasiliev, director S. Rostotsky, cameraman V. Shumsky, actor A. Martynov), the Lenin Komsomol Prize (1974, director S. Rostotsky, cameraman V. Shumsky, actor A. Martynov ), first prize at the 1973 All-Union Film Festival in Alma-Ata, a memorable prize at the 1972 Venice Film Festival, was nominated for an Oscar in the category “best foreign language film” (1972), was recognized best film 1972, according to a survey by the magazine "Soviet Screen".

Sections: Literature, Extracurricular activities

Purpose of the game: to cultivate patriotism and pride for those who died during the war in different parts of the country, teach to read carefully, be able to give a clear answer to a question, pay attention to details and learn to relate them to the hero, select material in accordance with the image, instill an interest in reading .

1 competition “Family”

1. Where is Fedot Vaskov’s family? “My wife cheated on me with the regimental veterinarian, and my son died.”

2. Where is Rita Osyanina’s family? “The husband died on the second day of the war, the son was with his mother.

3. Where is Evgenia Komelkova’s family? - Mom, sister, brother were shot from a machine gun.

4. Where is Gali Chetvertak’s family? - She has no one, she is from an orphanage.

5. Where is Sonya Gurvich’s family? - They stayed in Minsk while Sonya studied in Moscow.

6. Where is Lisa Brichkina’s family? - Mom died of illness, father is a forester

2nd competition “Portraits”

1. “She smiles, and her eyes, wide open, are filled with horror, like tears.” - Zhenya.

2. “Stocky, dense, either in the shoulders or in the hips - you won’t understand which is wider.” - Lisa.

3. “A sharp, ugly, but very serious face.” - Sonya.

4. “Thin, pointed-nosed, with tow braids.” - Galya.

5. “Because I had no strength, no strength at all - only pain. Throughout the body...” - Fedot Evgrafych.

6. “A fragment passed obliquely, tearing my stomach. Gray entrails shuddered through the black blood.” - Rita.

3rd competition “Deeds”

1. What did Lisa notice special on the way behind the German? – The dew has been knocked off the bushes to the left of the road.

2. What did Vaskov teach for forty minutes to those who went after the Germans? - How to wrap foot wraps.

3. What happened during the crossing of the swamp with Galya Chetvertak? - Lost my boot in a swamp.

4. What was Rita Osyanina doing in the forest in the morning when she saw the Germans? – I was returning to the road after meeting my son in the city.

5. Favorite poet of Sonya Gurvich? - A. Blok.

6. What did Zhenya do on the river when it was necessary to distract the Germans from their chosen path? – Have you started bathing in cold running water?

4th competition “Death”

1. How did Lisa Brichkina die? - Drowned in the swamp.

2. How did Sonya Gurvich die? “I ran for Vaskov’s pouch and ran into the Germans.

3. How did Galya Chetvertak die? “I jumped out at the Germans myself, because I was very afraid of them.

4. What trick helped the unarmed Vaskov avoid death? “He had a grenade in his hands that could not explode.

5. How did Zhenya die? “She was withdrawing the Germans, and a bullet accidentally hit her.

6. How did Rita Osyanina die? “She was fatally wounded in the stomach during the battle, and then she shot herself.

5th competition “Dreams”

1. What did Lisa Brichkina dream about when the guest sent her a note? - Go to study in the city.

2. What profession did Galya Chetvertak want to have as a mother? - Medical worker.

3. What was Rita Osyanina thinking about before her death? – About the future of a little son after the war, who was left with his sick mother.

4. What did Zhenya always believe in? “I didn’t doubt for a moment that everything would end well.”

5. What should Sonya Gurvich become after graduating from university? - Translator.

6. What did Vaskov dream of doing with the captured Germans? - “I will personally kill everyone, personally, even if the authorities have mercy! And then let them judge me!”

6th competition “Specialty.

1. What did Albert, Osyanina’s son, call Fedot Evgrafych? – Tyatey.

2. Where did Galya Chetvertak study before the war? – At the library technical school on an increased scholarship.

3. Why did Sonya Gurvich’s boots stomp heavily? “They were two sizes too big.”

4. What was remarkable about the place where Lisa sat in ambush? - I broke a fir spruce branch, lined a hollow between the stones, and covered it with an overcoat.

5. Who did Zhenya and her father hunt in peacetime? - For wild boars.

6. How many times a week did Rita run to the city to visit her son? - Two or three nights a week.

7th competition “Origins of feat”

1. How did Rita Osyanina’s husband die? - The border guard commander died on the second day of the war in a morning counterattack.

2. How did Lisa Brichkina end up in the army? – I ended up doing defense work. She dug trenches and anti-tank fortifications, was surrounded, fought out, and dug again. It ended up behind Valdai and stuck to the anti-aircraft unit.

3. How did Sonya Gurvich end up in the anti-aircraft gunners? “The volunteers left, she sat in deep defense, there were enough translators, but no anti-aircraft gunners, so they assigned her.

4. How did Galya Chetvertak end up at the front? “They didn’t take her to the front with the whole group, then she stubbornly stormed the military registration and enlistment office, shamelessly lied that the lieutenant colonel was confused and, as an exception, sent her to the anti-aircraft gunner.

5. Who was Zhenya’s father? - Red commander.

6. Why did Fedot Evgrafych remain the eldest son and the only man and shoulder all the burdens of the family? - My father was mauled by a bear.