Does objective reality exist? Our Universe is a hologram. Does reality exist? Does reality really exist?

In 1982, a remarkable event occurred. A research team led by Alain Aspect at the University of Paris has unveiled an experiment that could prove to be one of the most significant of the 20th century. You won't hear about this on the evening news. Chances are you haven't even heard the name Alain Aspect unless you are in the habit of reading scientific journals, although there are people who believed in his discovery and could change the face of science.

Aspect and his team discovered that under certain conditions, elementary particles such as electrons can communicate with each other instantly, regardless of the distance between them. It doesn't matter if there are 10 feet between them or 10 billion miles, writes sunhome.ru

Somehow each particle always knows what the other is doing. The problem with this discovery is that it violates Einstein's postulate about the limiting speed of interaction being equal to the speed of light. Since traveling faster than the speed of light is tantamount to breaking the time barrier, this frightening prospect has led some physicists to try to explain Aspect's experiments in complex workarounds. But it has inspired others to offer more radical explanations.

For example, London University physicist David Bohm believes that, according to Aspect's discovery, there is no real reality, and that despite its apparent density, the universe is fundamentally a fiction, a gigantic, luxuriously detailed hologram.

To understand why Bohm made such a startling conclusion, we need to talk about holograms. A hologram is a three-dimensional photograph made using a laser.
To make a hologram, the object being photographed must first be illuminated with laser light. Then the second laser beam, combining with the reflected light from the object, gives an interference pattern that can be recorded on film.

The photograph taken looks like a meaningless alternation of light and dark lines. But as soon as you illuminate the image with another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the photographed object immediately appears.

Three-dimensionality is not the only remarkable property of holograms. If a hologram is cut in half and illuminated with a laser, each half will contain the entire original image. If we continue to cut the hologram into smaller pieces, on each of them we will again find an image of the entire object as a whole. Unlike a regular photograph, each section of the hologram contains all the information about the subject.

The principle of the hologram “everything in every part” allows us to approach the issue of organization and orderliness in a fundamentally new way. For almost its entire history, Western science has developed with the idea that the best way to understand a phenomenon, be it a frog or an atom, is to dissect it and study its component parts. The hologram showed us that some things in the universe cannot allow us to do this. If we cut something arranged holographically, we will not get the parts of which it consists, but we will get the same thing, but smaller in size.

These ideas inspired Bohm to reinterpret Aspect's work. Bohm is confident that elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange mysterious signals with each other, but because separation is an illusion. He explains that at some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but in fact extensions of something more fundamental.

To make this clearer, Bohm offers the following illustration.

When one fish changes, the other also changes, a little, but always according to the first; When you see one fish “from the front”, another is certainly “in profile”. If you don't know that it's the same tank, you're more likely to conclude that the fish must be communicating with each other instantly somehow, rather than that it's just a fluke. The same thing, says Bohm, can be extrapolated to the elementary particles in the Aspect experiment.

According to Bohm, the apparent superluminal interaction between particles tells us that there is a deeper level of reality hidden from us, higher dimensional than ours, in a fishbowl analogy. And, he adds, we see particles as separate because we see only part of reality. The particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity that is ultimately holographic and invisible, like an object captured in a hologram. And since everything in physical reality is contained in this “phantom,” the universe itself is a projection, a hologram.

In addition to its “phantom” nature, such a universe may have other amazing properties. If particle separation is an illusion, then on a deeper level, all things in the world are infinitely interconnected. The electrons in the carbon atoms in our brain are connected to the electrons of every salmon that swims, every heart that beats, and every star that shines in the sky.

Everything interpenetrates with everything, and although it is human nature to separate, dismember, and put everything on shelves, all natural phenomena, all divisions are artificial and nature is ultimately an unbroken web.

In the holographic world, even time and space cannot be taken as a basis. Because a characteristic such as position has no meaning in a universe where nothing is separate from each other; time and three-dimensional space are like images of fish on screens that should be considered projections.

From this point of view, reality is a super-hologram in which the past, present and future exist simultaneously. This means that with the help of appropriate tools you can penetrate deep into this super-hologram and see pictures of the distant past.

What else the hologram may contain is still unknown. For example, one can imagine that a hologram is a matrix that gives rise to everything in the world, at the very least, there are any elementary particles that exist or can exist - any form of matter and energy is possible, from a snowflake to a quasar, from a blue whale to gamma rays. It's like a universal supermarket that has everything.

Although Bohm admits that we have no way of knowing what else is in the hologram, he goes so far as to say that we have no reason to assume that there is nothing more to it. In other words, perhaps the holographic level of the world is the next stage of endless evolution.

Bohm is not alone in his opinion. An independent neuroscientist from Stanford University, Karl Pribram, who works in the field of brain research, also leans toward the theory of a holographic world. Pribram came to this conclusion by pondering the mystery of where and how memories are stored in the brain. Numerous experiments have shown that information is not stored in any specific part of the brain, but is dispersed throughout the entire volume of the brain. In a series of crucial experiments in the 1920s, Karl Lashley showed that no matter what part of a rat's brain he removed, he could not make the conditioned reflexes developed in the rat disappear before the operation. No one has been able to explain the mechanism responsible for this curious "everything in every part" property of memory.

Later, in the 60s, Pribram encountered the principle of holography and realized that he had found the explanation that neuroscientists were looking for. Pribram is confident that memory is not contained in neurons or groups of neurons, but in a series of nerve impulses circulating throughout the brain, just as a piece of a hologram contains the entire image. In other words, Pribram believes that the brain is a hologram.

Pribram's theory also explains how the human brain can store so many memories in such a small space. It is estimated that the human brain is capable of remembering about 10 billion bits over a lifetime (which corresponds to approximately the amount of information contained in 5 sets of the Encyclopedia Britannica).

It was discovered that another striking feature was added to the properties of holograms - enormous recording density. By simply changing the angle at which the lasers illuminate photographic film, many different images can be recorded on the same surface. It has been shown that one cubic centimeter of film can store up to 10 billion bits of information.

Our uncanny ability to quickly find the necessary information from a huge volume becomes more understandable if we accept that the brain works on the principle of a hologram. If a friend asks you what comes to mind when you hear the word zebra, you don't have to search through your entire vocabulary to find the answer. Associations like “striped”, “horse” and “lives in Africa” appear in your head instantly.
Indeed, one of the most amazing properties of human thinking is that every piece of information is instantly inter-correlated with every other - another property of the hologram. Since every region of the hologram is infinitely interconnected with every other, it is quite possible that the brain is the highest example of cross-correlated systems exhibited by nature.

The location of memory is not the only neurophysiological mystery that has been addressed in light of Pribram's holographic brain model. Another is how the brain is able to translate such an avalanche of frequencies that it perceives through various senses (frequencies of light, sound frequencies, and so on) into our concrete understanding of the world. Encoding and decoding frequencies is what a hologram does best. Just as a hologram serves as a kind of lens, a transmitting device capable of turning a meaningless set of frequencies into a coherent image, so the brain, according to Pribram, contains such a lens and uses the principles of holography to mathematically process frequencies from the senses into inner world our perceptions.

Many facts indicate that the brain uses the principle of holography to function. Pribram's theory is finding more and more supporters among neuroscientists.

Argentine-Italian researcher Hugo Zucarelli recently extended the holographic model to the realm of acoustic phenomena. Puzzled by the fact that people can determine the direction of a sound source without turning their head, even with only one ear working, Zucarelli discovered that the principles of holography could explain this ability. He also developed holophonic sound recording technology, capable of reproducing sound images with stunning realism.

Pribram's idea that our brains create "hard" reality by relying on input frequencies has also received brilliant experimental support. It has been found that any of our senses has a much larger frequency range of susceptibility than previously thought. For example, researchers have discovered that our visual organs are sensitive to sound frequencies, that our sense of smell is somewhat dependent on what is now called [osmic? ] frequencies, and that even the cells in our body are sensitive to a wide range of frequencies. Such findings suggest that this is the work of the holographic part of our consciousness, which converts separate chaotic frequencies into continuous perception.

But the most stunning aspect of Pribram's holographic brain model comes to light when it is compared with Bohm's theory. If what we see is only a reflection of what is actually “out there” is a set of holographic frequencies, and if the brain is also a hologram and only selects some of the frequencies and mathematically converts them into perceptions, what really is objective reality ?

Let's put it simply - it doesn't exist. As Eastern religions have said for centuries, matter is Maya, an illusion, and although we may think that we are physical and moving in the physical world, this is also an illusion. In fact, we are “receivers” floating in a kaleidoscopic sea of frequencies, and whatever we extract from this sea and transform into physical reality is just one source among many extracted from the hologram.

This is amazing new picture reality, the synthesis of the views of Bohm and Pribram is called the holographic paradigm, and although many scientists were skeptical about it, others were inspired by it. A small but growing group of researchers believe it is one of the most accurate models of the world yet proposed. Moreover, some hope that it will help solve some mysteries that have not previously been explained by science and even consider paranormal phenomena as part of nature. Numerous researchers, including Bohm and Pribram, conclude that many parapsychological phenomena become more understandable within the holographic paradigm.

In a universe in which a single brain is virtually an indivisible part of a larger hologram and is infinitely connected to others, telepathy may simply be an achievement of the holographic level. It becomes much easier to understand how information can be delivered from consciousness “A” to consciousness “B” over any distance, and to explain many mysteries of psychology. In particular, Grof foresees that the holographic paradigm will be able to offer a model to explain many of the mysterious phenomena observed by people during altered states of consciousness.

In the 1950s, while conducting research into LSD as a psychotherapeutic drug, Grof had a female patient who suddenly became convinced that she was a female prehistoric reptile. During the hallucination, she not only gave a richly detailed description of what it was like to be a creature possessing such forms, but also noted the colored scales on the head of a male of the same species. Grof was amazed by the fact that in a conversation with a zoologist, the presence of colored scales on the head of reptiles, which plays an important role in mating games, was confirmed, although
the woman had previously had no idea about such subtleties.

This woman's experience was not unique. During his research, he encountered patients returning down the ladder of evolution and identifying themselves with the most different types(the scene of the transformation of a man into a monkey in the film “Altered States” is based on them). Moreover, he found that such descriptions often contained zoological details that, when tested, turned out to be accurate.

Returning to animals is not the only phenomenon described by Grof. He also had patients who seemed to be able to tap into some kind of region of the collective or racial unconscious. Uneducated or poorly educated people suddenly gave detailed descriptions of funerals in Zoroastrian practice or scenes from Hindu mythology. In other experiments, people gave convincing descriptions of out-of-body travel, predictions of pictures of the future, past incarnations.

In later studies, Grof found that the same range of phenomena occurred in therapy sessions that did not involve the use of drugs. Since the common element of such experiments was the expansion of consciousness beyond the boundaries of space and time, Grof called such manifestations “transpersonal experience,” and in the late 60s, thanks to him, a new branch of psychology appeared, called “transpersonal” psychology, devoted entirely to this area.

Although the newly created Transpersonal Psychology Association represented a rapidly growing group of like-minded professionals and became a respected branch of psychology, neither Grof himself nor his colleagues could offer a mechanism to explain the strange psychological phenomena they observed. But this changed with the advent of the holographic paradigm.

As Grof recently noted, if consciousness is in fact part of a continuum, a labyrinth connected not only to every other consciousness that exists or has existed, but to every atom, organism and vast region of space and time, the fact is that tunnels in the labyrinth can form by chance and having transpersonal experiences no longer seem so strange.

The holographic paradigm also leaves its mark on the so-called exact sciences, such as biology. Keith Floyd, a psychologist at Intermont College in Virginia, pointed out that if reality is just a holographic illusion, then one can no longer argue that consciousness is a function of the brain. Rather, on the contrary, consciousness creates the brain - just as we interpret the body and our entire environment as physical.

This revolution in our understanding of biological structures has allowed researchers to point out that medicine and our understanding of the healing process may also change under the influence of the holographic paradigm. If the physical body is nothing more than a holographic projection of our consciousness, it becomes clear that each of us is more responsible for our health than medical advances allow. What we are now seeing as apparent cures for illness can in fact be done through a change in consciousness that will bring about
adjustments to the body hologram.

Likewise, alternative treatments such as visualization can work successfully because the holographic essence of mental images is ultimately as real as “reality.”

Even revelations and experiences of the otherworldly become explainable from the point of view of the new paradigm. Biologist Lyall Watson in his book “Gifts of the Unknown” describes a meeting with an Indonesian woman shaman who, by performing a ritual dance, was able to make an entire grove of trees instantly disappear into the subtle world. Watson writes that as he and another surprised witness continued to watch her, she made the trees disappear and reappear several times in a row.

Modern science is unable to explain such phenomena. But they become quite logical if we assume that our “dense” reality is nothing more than a holographic projection. Perhaps we can formulate the concepts of “here” and “there” more precisely if we define them at the level of the human unconscious, in which all consciousnesses are infinitely closely interconnected.
If this is true, then overall this is the most significant implication of the holographic paradigm, meaning that the phenomena observed by Watson are not publicly accessible simply because our minds are not programmed to trust them, which would make them so. In the holographic universe there is no scope for changing the fabric of reality.

What we call reality is just a canvas waiting for us to paint whatever picture we want on it. Everything is possible, from bending spoons by force of will, to phantasmagoric scenes in the spirit of Castaneda in his studies with Don Juan, for the magic that we initially possess is no more and no less apparent than our ability to create any worlds in our fantasies.

Indeed, even most of our "fundamental" knowledge is questionable, while in the holographic reality that Pribram points to, even random events could be explained and determined using holographic principles. Coincidences and accidents suddenly make sense, and anything can be seen as a metaphor, even a chain of random events expresses some kind of deep symmetry.

Holographic paradigm Bohm and Pribram, will it receive further development or go into oblivion, one way or another it can be argued that it has already gained popularity among many scientists. Even if the holographic model is found to be an unsatisfactory account of the instantaneous interactions of elementary particles, at least as Birbeck College London physicist Basil Hiley points out, Aspect's discovery "showed that we must be willing to consider radically new approaches to understanding reality."

For thousands of years, people have wanted to cross the threshold of mystery and find out what lies on the other side of reality. How to get to another world? There is no final answer to this question, but it is simply impossible to turn a blind eye to the huge number of facts, testimonies of real people and scientific explanations.

What is a parallel world?

The parallel world, or the fifth dimension, is a space invisible to the human eye that exists along with the real life of people. There is no dependence between him and the ordinary world. It is believed that its size can vary greatly: from a pea to the universe. Patterns of events, rules of physics and other “firm” statements that are valid in the human world may not work at all in the invisible reality. Everything that happens there may have slight deviations from the usual way of life or differ radically.

Multiverse

The multiverse is an invention of science fiction writers. Lately Scientists are increasingly turning to the works of science fiction writers, because many years of observational experience have shown that they almost always predict with amazing accuracy the development of events and the future of humanity. The concept of the multiverse suggests that, in addition to the world familiar to earthlings, there are a huge number of unique worlds. Moreover, not all of them are material. The earth is connected to other invisible realities at the level of spiritual connection.

Speculation about the existence of parallel worlds

Since ancient times, there has been much speculation about whether the fifth dimension actually exists. It’s interesting that the question of how to get to another world was asked by great minds of the distant past. Similar thoughts can be found in the works of Democritus, Epicurus and Metrodorus of Chios. Some have even tried to prove the existence of the “other side” through scientific research. Democritus argued that absolute emptiness conceals a large number of worlds. Some of them, he says, are very similar to ours, even in the smallest details. Others are completely different from earthly reality. The thinker substantiated his theories based on the basic principle of isonomy - equal probability. Pundits of the past also spoke about the unity of time: the past, present, future are at one point. It follows from this that making the transition is not so difficult; the main thing is to understand the mechanism of transition from one point to another.

Modern science

Modern science does not at all deny the possibility of the existence of other worlds. This moment is studied in detail, something new is constantly discovered. Even the fact that scientists around the world accept the theory of the multiverse already speaks volumes. Science substantiates this assumption using the principles of quantum mechanics, and supporters of this theory believe that there are an incredible number of possible worlds - up to 10 to the five hundredth power. There is also an opinion that the number of parallel realities is not at all limited. However, science cannot yet answer the question of how to get into a parallel world. Every year more unknown things are revealed. Perhaps in the near future people will be able to travel instantaneously between universes.

Esotericists and psychics claim that it is quite possible to get into another world. However, please note that this is not always safe. In order to penetrate the secret world, it is necessary to change the way the brain works. It is advisable to practice the following: lying on the bed, try to fall asleep, relax your body, but keep your mind conscious. Achieving this or similar consciousness will be difficult at first, but it is worth continuing to try.

The main problem for beginners is that it is very difficult to relax the body and be conscious at the same time. In such cases, a person unbearably wants to twitch, move at least a little, or he simply falls asleep. About a month of training - and you will be able to accustom your body to such practice. After this, you should plunge deeper into the new state. Every time new sounds, voices, pictures will appear. Soon it will be possible to move to another reality. The main thing is not to fall asleep, but to realize that you have crossed the threshold of a parallel world. This method is also possible in another variation. You need to do the same thing, but immediately after waking up. Having opened your eyes, you need to fix your body, but keep your mind awake. In this case, immersion into another world occurs faster, but many cannot stand it and fall asleep again. In addition, you need to wake up only at a certain time - preferably around 4 am, since it is during this period that a person is at his most subtle.

Another way is meditation. The key difference from the first method is that there is no connection with sleep, and the process itself must occur in a sitting position. The difficulty of this approach lies in the need to clear the mind of unnecessary thoughts that constantly visit a person as soon as he tries to concentrate. There are many techniques to tame unruly thoughts. For example, you should not interrupt the flow, but give it freedom, but not join in, but be just an observer. You can also concentrate on numbers, a specific point, etc.

The danger that other worlds conceal

The reality of parallel worlds is fraught with many unknowns. But the real threat that can be encountered on the other side is malevolent entities. In order to control your fear and avoid trouble, you need to know who and what causes anxiety. Entering a parallel world will be much easier if you know that frightening entities are just products of the past. Fears from childhood, movies, books, etc. - all this can be found in parallel reality. The main thing is to understand that these are only phantoms, not real beings. As soon as the fear of them disappears, they will disappear on their own. Residents of invisible worlds are mostly friendly or indifferent. They are unlikely to frighten or create trouble, but still you should not irritate them. However, there is still a chance to meet an unkind spirit. In this case, it is enough to overcome your fear, because there will still be no harm from the activity of the otherworldly entity. Do not forget that the past, present, and future are in contact, so there is always a way out. You can also think about home, and then the soul will most likely return to the body.

How to get to a parallel world through an elevator

Esotericists claim that the elevator can help in the transition to a parallel world. It serves as a “door” that you need to be able to open. It is best to travel through the elevator at night or in the dark. You must be alone in the booth. It is worth noting that if any person enters the elevator during the ritual, nothing will succeed. After entering the cabin, you should move through the floors in the following order: 4-2-6-2-1. Then you should go to the 10th floor and go down to the 5th. A woman will enter the booth, you cannot talk to her. You should press the button for the 1st floor, but the elevator will go to the 10th. You cannot press other buttons, since the ritual will be interrupted. How do you know when the transition is complete? There will only be you in the parallel reality. It should be noted that there is no point in looking for a companion - the escort was not a person. In order to get into the human world, you need to perform a ritual with the elevator (floors, buttons) in the reverse order.

Gateway to another reality

You can penetrate another reality with the help of a mirror, because it is a mystical gateway to all other worlds. It is used by sorcerers and magicians who have the necessary knowledge. Passing through the mirror is always successful. In addition, with its help you can not only travel to other universes, but also cast magic. That is why the custom of hanging mirrors after a person’s death continues to this day. This is done for a reason, because the soul of the deceased wanders around his home throughout the day. Thus the astral body says goodbye to past life. The soul itself is unlikely to want to harm its relatives, but at such moments a portal opens through which various entities can enter the room. They can frighten or try to drag the astral body of a living person into a parallel reality.

There are several rituals with mirrors. To answer the question of how people get into parallel worlds, it is necessary to understand the essence of the mirror ritual, because it is this object that is the original guide to another world.

Mirror and candles

This is an ancient method that is still used today. You need to place two mirrors opposite each other. They must be parallel. The candle must be purchased in advance from the temple. You need to place it between the mirrors so that you get a corridor of many candles. Don't be alarmed if the flame starts to fluctuate, this could very well happen. This means that invisible entities are already with you. You can use more than just candles for this ritual. LEDs or color panels are suitable. But it is best to use candles, since their blinking corresponds to the frequency of the human brain. This helps a person enter a meditative state. And you must enter it, because, being conscious, you can be very scared. The consequence may be not only an interrupted ritual, but also another entity joining you. The ritual must be performed in complete darkness and silence. There should only be one person in the room.

Mirror and prayer

You need to buy a round mirror on Saturday. Its perimeter should be covered with the words “Our Father” on the contrary, written in red ink. On Thursday night you need to place a mirror under the pillow, mirror side up. You need to turn off the light, go to bed and say your name backwards. This must be done until sleep overtakes. A person will wake up in another world. In order to get out of another reality, you need to find an animal in it that will be exactly the same as in real life, and follow it. The danger of the whole action is that the guide may never be found, and the astral body will forever remain in a parallel world or, even worse, between worlds.

Path to the past

For many years and even centuries, people have wanted to know the answer to the question of how to go back in time. There are two known ways that can move a person in time. The most famous are “wormholes” - small tunnels in space that serve as a link between the past and the present. But... Scientific research shows that the “hole” will close faster than a person can cross its threshold. Based on this, it can be argued that as soon as scientists find a way to delay the opening of the tunnel, they will become justified not only from an esoteric, but also from a scientific position.

The second way is to visit places on Earth that have a certain energy. Such journeys have a huge amount of real evidence. Moreover, sometimes people don’t even know how to get into the past, but end up there by accident, having visited an energetically strong place on the Earth. A territory with pronounced supernatural energy is called a “place of power.” It has been scientifically verified that the operation of any installations there deteriorates or even fails. And those indicators that can be measured are off the charts.

Working with the subconscious

Another way is to work with the subconscious. How to get to a parallel world using your brain? Quite difficult, but doable. To do this, you need to enter a state of strong relaxation, create a gate and go through the portal. Sounds simple, but to achieve results. several factors are required: great desire, mastery of meditation techniques, the ability to visualize space in detail and... lack of fear. Many people say that when they achieve results, they often lose touch with the other world out of fear. It takes some time to overcome it, so you should be prepared to find yourself in another reality at any moment.

In 1982, a remarkable event occurred. A research team led by Alain Aspect at the University of Paris has unveiled an experiment that could prove to be one of the most significant of the 20th century. You won't hear about this on the evening news. Chances are you haven't even heard of the name Alain Aspect unless you are in the habit of reading scientific journals.

To understand why Bohm made such a startling conclusion, we need to talk about holograms. A hologram is a three-dimensional photograph taken with a laser.

To make a hologram, the object being photographed must first be illuminated with laser light. Then the second laser beam, combining with the reflected light from the object, gives an interference pattern that can be recorded on film.

These ideas inspired Bohm to reinterpret Aspect's work. Bohm is confident that elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange mysterious signals with each other, but because their separation is an illusion. He explains that at some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but in fact extensions of something more fundamental.

To make this clearer, Bohm offers the following illustration.

The same thing, says Bohm, can be extrapolated to the elementary particles in the Aspect experiment.

According to Bohm, the apparent superluminal interaction between particles tells us that there is a deeper level of reality hidden from us, higher dimensional than ours, in a fishbowl analogy. And, he adds, we see particles as separate because we see only part of reality. Particles are not separate “parts”, but facets of a deeper unity that is ultimately holographic and invisible like an object,
filmed on a hologram. And since everything in physical reality is contained in this “phantom,” the universe itself is a projection, a hologram.

In addition to its “phantom nature,” such a universe may have other amazing properties. If particle separation is an illusion, then on a deeper level, all things in the world are infinitely interconnected. The electrons in the carbon atoms in our brain are connected to the electrons of every salmon that swims, every heart that beats, and every star that shines in the sky.

Indeed, one of the most amazing properties of human thinking is that every piece of information is instantly inter-correlated with every other - another property of the hologram. Since every region of the hologram is infinitely interconnected with every other, it is quite possible that the brain is the highest example of cross-correlated systems exhibited by nature.

Encoding and decoding frequencies is what a hologram does best. Just as a hologram serves as a kind of lens, a transmitting device capable of turning a meaningless collection of frequencies into a coherent image, so the brain, according to Pribram, contains such a lens and uses the principles of holography to mathematically process frequencies from the senses into the inner world of our perceptions .

Many facts indicate that the brain uses the principle of holography to function. Pribram's theory is finding more and more supporters among neuroscientists.

He also developed holophonic sound recording technology, capable of reproducing sound images with stunning realism.

Pribram's idea that our brains create “hard” reality by relying on input frequencies has also received brilliant experimental support. It has been found that any of our senses has a much larger frequency range of susceptibility than previously thought. For example, researchers have discovered that our visual organs
receptive to sound frequencies, that our sense of smell is somewhat dependent on what is now called [osmic? ] frequencies, and that even the cells in our body are sensitive to a wide range of frequencies. Such findings suggest that this is the work of the holographic part of our consciousness, which converts separate chaotic frequencies into continuous perception.

Let's put it simply - it doesn't exist. As Eastern religions have said for centuries, matter is Maya, an illusion, and although we may think that we are physical and moving in the physical world, this is also an illusion. In fact, we are “receivers,” floating in a kaleidoscopic sea of frequencies, and everything that we extract from this sea and turn into physical reality is just one source among many extracted from the hologram.

This startling new picture of reality, a synthesis of the views of Bohm and Pribram, is called the holographic paradigm, and although many scientists have received it with skepticism, others have been encouraged by it. A small but growing group of researchers believe it is one of the most accurate models of the world yet proposed. Moreover, some hope that it will help solve some mysteries that have not previously been explained by science and even consider paranormal phenomena as part of nature. Numerous researchers, including Bohm and Pribram, conclude that many parapsychological phenomena become more understandable within the holographic paradigm.

In the 1950s, while conducting research into LSD as a psychotherapeutic drug, Grof had a female patient who suddenly became convinced that she was a female prehistoric reptile. During the hallucination, she not only gave a richly detailed description of what it was like to be a creature possessing such forms, but also noted the colored scales on the head of a male of the same species. Grof was amazed by the fact that in a conversation with a zoologist, the presence of colored scales on the head of reptiles, which plays an important role in mating games, was confirmed, although the woman had previously had no idea about such subtleties.

This woman's experience was not unique. During his research, he encountered patients returning down the evolutionary ladder and identifying themselves with a variety of species (the scene of the transformation of man into a monkey in the film Altered States is based on them). Moreover, he found that such descriptions often contained zoological details that, when tested, turned out to be accurate.

This revolution in our understanding of biological structures has allowed researchers to point out that medicine and our understanding of the healing process may also change under the influence of the holographic paradigm. If the physical body is nothing more than a holographic projection of our consciousness, it becomes clear that each of us is more responsible for our health than medical advances allow. What we are now seeing as apparent cures for illness can actually be done by changing consciousness, which will make appropriate adjustments to the body hologram.

Likewise, alternative healing modalities, such as visualization, can work successfully because the holographic essence of mental images is ultimately as real as “reality.”

Even revelations and experiences of the otherworldly become explainable from the point of view of the new paradigm. Biologist Lyall Watson in his book “Gifts of the Unknown” describes a meeting with an Indonesian woman shaman who, while performing a ritual dance, was able to make an entire grove of trees instantly disappear into the subtle world. Watson writes that as he and another surprised witness continued to watch her, she made the trees disappear and reappear several times in a row.

If this is true, then overall this is the most significant implication of the holographic paradigm, meaning that the phenomena observed by Watson are not publicly accessible simply because our minds are not programmed to trust them, which would make them so. In the holographic universe there is no scope for changing the fabric of reality.

Indeed, even most of our “fundamental” knowledge is questionable, while in the holographic reality that Pribram points to, even random events could be explained and determined using holographic principles. Coincidences and accidents suddenly make sense, and anything can be seen as a metaphor, even a chain of random events expresses some kind of deep symmetry.

The holographic paradigm of Bohm and Pribram, whether it receives further development or goes into oblivion, one way or another it can be argued that it has already gained popularity among many scientists. Even if the holographic model is found to be an unsatisfactory description of the instantaneous interactions of elementary particles, at least, as Birbeck College London physicist Basil Hiley points out, Aspect's discovery "showed that we must be willing to consider radically new approaches to understanding reality."

from the book: Michael Talbot "The Holographic Universe"

Michael Talbot (1953-1992), a native of Australia, was the author of numerous books highlighting the parallels between ancient mysticism and quantum mechanics and supporting a theoretical model of reality that the physical universe is like a giant hologram.

In 1982, a remarkable event occurred. At the University of Paris, a research team led by physicist Alain Aspé conducted an experiment that may turn out to be one of the most significant in the 20th century. Aspe and his team discovered that under certain conditions, elementary particles such as electrons can communicate with each other instantly, regardless of the distance between them. It doesn't matter if there are 10 feet between them or 10 billion miles. Somehow each particle always knows what the other is doing.

The problem with this discovery is that it violates Einstein's postulate about the limiting speed of interaction being equal to the speed of light. Since traveling faster than the speed of light is tantamount to breaking the time barrier, this frightening prospect has led some physicists to try to explain Aspe's experiments in complex workarounds. But it has inspired others to offer even more radical explanations.

For example, London University physicist David Bohm believed that Aspe's discovery implies that objective reality does not exist, that, despite its obvious density, the universe is fundamentally a phantasm, a gigantic, luxuriously detailed hologram.

To understand why Bohm made such a startling conclusion, we need to talk about holograms.

A hologram is a three-dimensional photograph taken with a laser. To make a hologram, the object being photographed must first be illuminated with laser light. Then the second laser beam, combining with the reflected light from the object, gives an interference pattern that can be recorded on film. The finished photo looks like a meaningless alternation of light and dark lines. But as soon as you illuminate the image with another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object immediately appears.

Three-dimensionality is not the only remarkable property inherent in a hologram. If a hologram of a rose is cut in half and illuminated with a laser, each half will contain a whole image of the same rose at exactly the same size. If we continue to cut the hologram into smaller pieces, on each of them we will again find an image of the entire object as a whole. Unlike conventional photography, each section of the hologram contains information about the entire subject, but with a proportionally corresponding decrease in clarity.

The principle of the hologram “everything in every part” allows us to approach the issue of organization and orderliness in a fundamentally new way. For much of its history, Western science has developed with the idea that the best way to understand a physical phenomenon, be it a frog or an atom, is to dissect it and study its component parts. The hologram showed us that some things in the universe cannot be explored in this way. If we dissect something arranged holographically, we will not get the parts of which it consists, but we will get the same thing, but with less accuracy.

This approach inspired Bohm to reinterpret Aspe's work. Bohm was sure that elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange some mysterious signals with each other, but because their separation is illusory. He explained that at some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but in fact extensions of something more fundamental.

To better understand this, Bohm offered the following illustration.

Imagine an aquarium with fish. Imagine also that you cannot see the aquarium directly, but can only observe two television screens that transmit images from cameras, one located in front and the other on the side of the aquarium. Looking at the screens, you can conclude that the fish on each of the screens are separate objects. Because cameras capture images from different angles, the fish look different. But as you continue to observe, after a while you will discover that there is a relationship between the two fish on different screens. When one fish turns, the other also changes direction, slightly differently, but always according to the first; When you see one fish from the front, another is certainly in profile. Unless you have a complete picture of the situation, you are more likely to conclude that the fish must somehow instantly communicate with each other than that this is a random coincidence.

Bohm argued that this is exactly what happens to the elementary particles in Aspe's experiment. According to Bohm, apparent superluminal interactions between particles tell us that there is a deeper level of reality hidden from us, higher dimensional than ours, as in the fishbowl analogy. And, he adds, we see particles as separate because we see only part of reality. The particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity that is ultimately as holographic and invisible as the rose mentioned above. And since everything in physical reality consists of these “phantoms,” the universe we observe is itself a projection, a hologram.

In addition to its “phantom” nature, such a universe may have other amazing properties. If the apparent separation of particles is an illusion, then on a deeper level, all objects in the world may be infinitely interconnected. The electrons in the carbon atoms in our brain are linked to the electrons in every swimming salmon, every beating heart, every twinkling star. Everything interpenetrates with everything, and although it is human nature to separate, dismember, and put all natural phenomena on shelves, all divisions are necessarily artificial, and nature ultimately appears as an unbroken web. In the holographic world, even time and space cannot be taken as a basis. Because a characteristic like position has no meaning in a universe where nothing is actually separate from each other; time and three-dimensional space, like images of fish on screens, will need to be considered nothing more than projections. At this deeper level, reality is something like a super-hologram in which the past, present and future exist simultaneously. This means that, with the help of appropriate tools, it may be possible to penetrate deep into this super-hologram and extract pictures of a long-forgotten past.

What else the hologram may contain is still far from known. Suppose, for example, that a hologram is a matrix that gives rise to everything in the world, at a minimum it contains all the elementary particles that have taken or will someday take every possible form of matter and energy, from snowflakes to quasars, from blue whales to gamma rays. It's like a universal supermarket that has everything.

Although Bohm admitted that we have no way of knowing what else the hologram contains, he took it upon himself to assert that we have no reason to assume that there is nothing more in it. In other words, perhaps the holographic level of the world is simply one of the stages of endless evolution.

Bohm is not alone in his desire to explore the properties of the holographic world. Regardless of him, Stanford University neuroscientist Karl Pribram, who works in the field of brain research, is also inclined towards a holographic picture of the world. Pribram came to this conclusion by pondering the mystery of where and how memories are stored in the brain. Numerous experiments over the decades have shown that information is not stored in any specific part of the brain, but is dispersed throughout the brain. In a series of pivotal experiments in the 1920s, brain scientist Karl Lashley discovered that no matter what part of a rat's brain he removed, he could not make the conditioned reflexes the rat had developed before surgery disappear. The only problem was that no one had been able to come up with a mechanism to explain this funny all-in-every-part memory property.

Later, in the 60s, Pribram encountered the principle of holography and realized that he had found the explanation that neuroscientists were looking for. Pribram is confident that memory is contained not in neurons or groups of neurons, but in a series of nerve impulses that “weave” the brain, just as a laser beam “weaves” a piece of a hologram containing the entire image. In other words, Pribram is sure that the brain is a hologram.

Our uncanny ability to quickly retrieve the information we need from our vast memory capacity becomes more understandable if we accept that the brain works on the principle of a hologram. If a friend asks you what came to mind when you heard the word zebra, you won't have to mechanically search through your entire vocabulary to find the answer. Associations like “striped”, “horse” and “lives in Africa” appear in your head instantly.

Indeed, one of the most amazing properties of human thinking is that every piece of information is instantly and mutually correlated with every other - another quality inherent in the hologram. Since any part of the hologram is infinitely interconnected with any other, it is quite possible that it is nature's highest example of cross-correlated systems.

The location of memory is not the only neurophysiological mystery that has become more tractable in light of Pribram's holographic brain model. Another is how the brain is able to translate such an avalanche of frequencies that it perceives through various senses (frequencies of light, sound frequencies, and so on) into our concrete understanding of the world. Encoding and decoding frequencies is what a hologram does best. Just as a hologram serves as a kind of lens, a transmitting device capable of turning an apparently meaningless jumble of frequencies into a coherent image, so the brain, according to Pribram, contains such a lens and uses the principles of holography to mathematically process frequencies from the senses into the inner world of our perceptions.

Many facts indicate that the brain uses the principle of holography to function. Pribram's theory is finding more and more supporters among neuroscientists.

Argentine-Italian researcher Hugo Zucarelli recently extended the holographic model to the realm of acoustic phenomena. Puzzled by the fact that people can determine the direction of a sound source without turning their heads, even with only one ear working, Zucarelli discovered that the principles of holography could explain this ability.

He also developed holophonic sound recording technology, capable of reproducing soundscapes with almost uncanny realism.

Pribram's idea that our brains mathematically construct "solid" reality based on input frequencies has also received brilliant experimental confirmation. It has been discovered that any of our senses has a much larger frequency range of susceptibility than previously thought. For example, researchers have discovered that our visual organs are sensitive to sound frequencies, that our sense of smell is somewhat dependent on what are now called “osmotic frequencies,” and that even the cells in our body are sensitive to a wide range of frequencies. Such findings suggest that this is the work of the holographic part of our consciousness, which converts separate chaotic frequencies into continuous perception.

But the most stunning aspect of Pribram's holographic brain model comes to light when it is compared with Bohm's theory. Because if the visible physical density of the world is only a secondary reality, and what is “there” is actually just a holographic set of frequencies, and if the brain is also a hologram and only selects some frequencies from this set and mathematically converts them into sensory ones perception, what remains to the share of objective reality?

To put it simply, it ceases to exist. As Eastern religions have been saying for centuries, the material world is Maya, an illusion, and although we may think that we are physical and moving in the physical world, this is also an illusion.

In fact, we are “receivers” floating in a kaleidoscopic sea of frequencies, and everything we extract from this sea and turn into physical reality is just one frequency channel among many, extracted from a hologram.

This startling new picture of reality, a synthesis of the views of Bohm and Pribram, is called the holographic paradigm, and while many scientists have received it with skepticism, others have been encouraged by it. A small but growing group of researchers believe it is one of the most accurate models of the world yet proposed. Moreover, some hope that it will help solve some mysteries that have not previously been explained by science and even consider paranormal phenomena as part of nature.

Numerous researchers, including Bohm and Pribram, conclude that many parapsychological phenomena become more understandable in terms of the holographic paradigm.

In a universe in which the individual brain is virtually an indivisible part, a "quantum" of the larger hologram, and everything is infinitely connected to everything else, telepathy may simply be an achievement of the holographic level. It becomes much easier to understand how information can be delivered from consciousness “A” to consciousness “B” over any distance, and to explain many mysteries of psychology. In particular, the founder of transpersonal psychology, Stanislav Grof, foresees that the holographic paradigm will be able to offer a model to explain many of the mysterious phenomena observed by people in altered states of consciousness.

In the 1950s, while researching LSD as a psychotherapeutic drug, Grof worked with a patient who suddenly became convinced that she was a female prehistoric reptile. During the hallucination, she not only gave a richly detailed description of what it was like to be a creature possessing such forms, but also noted the colored scales on the head of a male of the same species. Grof was amazed by the fact that in a conversation with a zoologist, the presence of colored scales on the head of reptiles, which plays an important role in mating games, was confirmed, although the woman had previously had no idea about such subtleties.

This woman's experience was not unique. During his research, Grof encountered patients returning down the evolutionary ladder and identifying themselves with a variety of species (the scene of the transformation of man into ape in the film Altered States is based on them). Moreover, he found that such descriptions often contained little-known zoological details that, when tested, turned out to be accurate.

The return to animals is not the only phenomenon described by Grof. He also had patients who seemed to be able to tap into some kind of region of the collective or racial unconscious. Uneducated or poorly educated people suddenly gave detailed descriptions of funerals in Zoroastrian practice or scenes of Hindu mythology. In other experiments, people gave convincing descriptions of out-of-body travel, predictions of pictures of the future, and events of past incarnations.

In later studies, Grof found that the same series of phenomena occurred in drug-free therapy sessions. Since the common element of such experiments was the expansion of individual consciousness beyond the usual boundaries of the ego and the boundaries of space and time, Grof called such manifestations “transpersonal experience,” and in the late 60s, thanks to him, a new branch of psychology appeared, called “transpersonal” psychology, entirely devoted to this areas.

Although Grof's Association for Transpersonal Psychology constituted a rapidly growing group of like-minded professionals and became a respected branch of psychology, neither Grof himself nor his colleagues could offer a mechanism for many years to explain the strange psychological phenomena they observed. But this ambiguous situation changed with the advent of the holographic paradigm.

As Grof recently noted, if consciousness is in fact part of a continuum, a labyrinth connected not only to every other consciousness that exists or has existed, but also to every atom, organism and vast region of space and time, its ability to randomly form tunnels in the labyrinth and experience transpersonal the experience no longer seems so strange.

The holographic paradigm also leaves its mark on the so-called exact sciences, such as biology. Keith Floyd, a psychologist at Virginia Intermont College, showed that if reality is just a holographic illusion, then it can no longer be argued that consciousness is a function of the brain. Rather, on the contrary, consciousness creates the presence of a brain - just as we interpret the body and our entire environment as physical.

This revolution in our understanding of biological structures has allowed researchers to point out that medicine and our understanding of the healing process may also change under the influence of the holographic paradigm. If the apparent physical structure of the body is nothing more than a holographic projection of our consciousness, it becomes clear that each of us is much more responsible for our health than modern medicine believes. What we are now observing as a mysterious cure could in fact have occurred due to a change in consciousness, which made appropriate adjustments to the body hologram.

Likewise, new alternative therapies, such as visualization, can work so well precisely because in the holographic reality, thought is ultimately as real as “reality.”

Even revelations and experiences of the “otherworldly” become explainable from the point of view of the new paradigm. Biologist Lyell Watson in his book “Gifts of the Unknown” describes a meeting with an Indonesian woman shaman who, while performing a ritual dance, was able to make an entire grove of trees instantly disappear into the subtle world. Watson writes that as he and another surprised witness continued to watch her, she made the trees disappear and reappear several times in a row.

Although modern science is unable to explain such phenomena, but they become quite logical if we assume that our “dense” reality is nothing more than a holographic projection. Perhaps we can formulate the concepts of “here” and “there” more precisely if we define them at the level of the human unconscious, in which all consciousnesses are infinitely closely interconnected.

If this is true, then overall this is the most significant implication of the holographic paradigm, since it means that the phenomena observed by Watson are not publicly accessible simply because our minds are not programmed to trust them, which would make them so. In the holographic universe there are no limits to the possibilities for changing the fabric of reality.

What we perceive as reality is just a canvas waiting for us to paint whatever picture we want. Everything is possible, from bending spoons through an effort of will to the phantasmagoric experiences of Castaneda in his studies with Don Juan, because magic is given to us by birthright, no more and no less wonderful than our ability to create new worlds in our dreams and fantasies.

Of course, even our most "fundamental" knowledge is suspect, since in a holographic reality, as Pribram showed, even random events must be considered using holographic principles and resolved that way. Synchronicities or random coincidences suddenly make sense, and anything can be seen as a metaphor, since even a chain of random events can express some kind of deep symmetry.

Whether the holographic paradigm of Bohm and Pribram receives general scientific recognition or fades into oblivion, we can confidently say that it has already influenced the way of thinking of many scientists. And even if the holographic model is found to be an unsatisfactory description of the instantaneous interaction of elementary particles, at least, as Birbeck College London physicist Basil Healy points out, Aspe's discovery "showed that we must be willing to consider radically new approaches to understanding reality."

A very good article showing what “scientists” who have no idea what is happening in nature actually do. How many brains have been ruined by this bullshit that is just made up and turns people away from science...

Quantum Physics: What's Really Real?

Owen Maroney worries that physicists have been involved in a big hoax for half a century...

According to Maroney, a physicist at Oxford University, since the advent of quantum theory in the 1900s, everyone has been talking about the weirdness of this theory. How it allows particles and atoms to move in multiple directions at once, or rotate clockwise and counterclockwise at the same time. But words can't prove anything.

“If we tell the public that quantum theory is very strange, we need to test that claim experimentally,” Maroney says. “Otherwise, we’re not doing science, but talking about all sorts of squiggles on the board...”

This is what gave Maroney and his colleagues the idea to develop a new series of experiments to uncover the essence of the wave function - the mysterious entity underlying quantum oddities.

On paper, a wave function is simply a mathematical object represented by the letter psi (Ψ ) (one of those squiggles), and is used to describe the quantum behavior of particles.

Depending on the experiment, the wave function allows scientists to calculate the probability of seeing an electron in a particular location, or the chances that its spin is oriented up or down. But the math doesn't say what exactly is a wave function. Is it something physical? Or simply a computational tool to deal with the observer's ignorance of the real world?

The tests used to answer the question are very subtle and have yet to produce a definitive answer. But researchers are optimistic that the end is near. And they will finally be able to answer the questions that have tormented everyone for decades. Can a particle really be in many places at the same time? Is the Universe constantly dividing into parallel worlds, each of which contains an alternative version of us? Is there even something called "objective reality"?

“Such questions sooner or later arise in anyone’s mind,” says Alessandro Fedricci, physicist from the University of Queensland (Australia).

“What is actually real?”

Disputes about the essence of reality began even when physicists discovered that a wave and a particle are just two sides of the same coin. A classic example is the double-slit experiment, where individual electrons are fired into a barrier that has two slits: the electron behaves as if it were passing through two slits at the same time, creating a striped interference pattern on the other side. In 1926, an Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger came up with a wave function to describe this behavior and derived an equation that allowed it to be calculated for any situation. But neither he nor anyone else could say anything about the nature of this function.

Grace in Ignorance

From a practical point of view, its nature is not important. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory, created in the 1920s by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, uses the wave function simply as tool to predict the results of observations, allowing you not to think about what is happening in reality.

“Physicists can't be blamed for this 'shut up and count' behavior because it has led to significant breakthroughs in nuclear, atomic, solid-state and particle physics,” he says. Jean Bricmont, a specialist in statistical physics at the Catholic University in Belgium. “So people are advised not to worry about fundamental issues.”

But some are still worried. By the 1930s, Einstein had rejected the Copenhagen interpretation, not least because it allowed two particles to entangle their wave functions, leading to a situation in which measurements of one could instantly give the state of the other, even if they were separated by enormous distances. distances.

To not have to deal with it "frightening interaction at a distance", Einstein chose to believe that particle wave functions were incomplete. He said that it is possible that particles have some hidden variables that determine the result of a measurement that were not noticed by quantum theory.

Experiments have since demonstrated that spooky interactions at a distance work, which rejects the concept of hidden variables, but that hasn't stopped other physicists from interpreting them differently. These interpretations fall into two camps. Some agree with Einstein that the wave function reflects our ignorance. These are what philosophers call psi-epistemic models. And others view the wave function as a real thing - psi-ontic models.

To understand the difference, let's imagine Schrödinger's thought experiment, which he described in a 1935 letter to Einstein. The cat is in a steel box. The box contains a sample of radioactive material that has a 50% chance of releasing a decay product in one hour, and a machine that will poison the cat if this product is detected.

Since radioactive decay is a quantum-level event, Schrödinger writes, the rules of quantum theory say that at the end of the hour the wave function of the inside of the box must be a mixture of a dead and a living cat.

“Roughly speaking,” Federicci puts it mildly, “in the psi-epistemic model, the cat in the box is either alive or dead, and we just don’t know it because the box is closed.” And most psionic models agree with the Copenhagen interpretation: until the observer opens the box, the cat will be both alive and dead.

But here the dispute reaches a dead end. Which interpretation is true? This question is difficult to answer experimentally because the differences between the models are very subtle. They are essentially supposed to predict the same quantum phenomenon as the very successful Copenhagen interpretation. Andrew White, a physicist at the University of Queensland, says that during his 20-year career in quantum technology, "the problem was like a huge smooth mountain with no ledges that you couldn't approach."

Everything changed in 2011, with the publication of the quantum measurement theorem, which seemed to eliminate the approach "wave function as ignorance". But upon closer examination it turned out that this theorem leaves enough room for their maneuver. However, it has inspired physicists to think seriously about ways to resolve the dispute by testing the reality of the wave function.

Maroney had already designed an experiment that worked in principle, and he and his colleagues soon found a way to make it work in practice. The experiment was carried out last year Fedricci, White and others.

To understand the idea of the test, imagine two decks of cards. One has only reds, the other only aces. “They give you a card and ask you to identify which deck it comes from,” says Martin Ringbauer, a physicist from the same university. If it's a red ace, "there's going to be a crossover and you can't tell for sure." But if you know how many cards are in each deck, you can calculate how often this ambiguous situation will arise.

Physics in danger

The same ambiguity happens in quantum systems. It is not always possible to find out, for example, how polarized a photon is by one measurement. "IN real life it's easy to distinguish between west and a direction just south of west, but in quantum systems that's not so easy,” says White. According to the standard Copenhagen interpretation, there is no point in asking about polarization, since the question has no answer - until one more measurement determines the answer exactly.

But according to the "wave function as ignorance" model, the question makes sense - just in an experiment, like the one with decks of cards, not enough information. As with maps, it is possible to predict how many ambiguous situations can be explained by such ignorance, and compare them with the large number of ambiguous situations resolved by standard theory.

This is exactly what Fedrici and his team tested. The team measured polarization and other properties in the photon beam, and found levels of intersection that could not be explained by "ignorance" models. The result supports an alternative theory - if objective reality exists, then the wave function exists. “It’s impressive that the team was able to solve such a complex problem with such a simple experiment,” says Andrea Alberti, physicist from the University of Bonn (Germany).

The conclusion is not yet set in stone: since the detectors caught only a fifth of the photons used in the test, we have to assume that the lost photons behaved in the same way. This is a strong assumption, and the team is now working to reduce losses and produce a more definitive result.

Meanwhile, Maroney's team at Oxford is working with the University of New South Wales in Australia to replicate the experiment with ions that are easier to track. “In the next six months we will have an uncontested version of this experiment,” Maroney says.

But, even if they are successful and the “wave function as reality” models win, then these models also have different options. Experimenters will have to choose one of them.

One of the earliest interpretations was made in the 1920s by the Frenchman Louis de Broglie, and expanded in the 1950s by American David Bohm. According to Broglie-Bohm models, particles have a specific location and properties, but they are driven by a certain “pilot wave”, which is defined as a wave function. This explains the two-slit experiment, since the pilot wave can pass through both slits and produce an interference pattern, although the electron itself, attracted by it, passes through only one of the two slits.

In 2005, this model received unexpected support. Physicists Emmanuel Fort, now working at the Langevin Institute in Paris, and Yves Caudier from the University of Paris Diderot asked students what they thought was a simple problem: to set up an experiment in which drops of oil falling on a tray would merge due to the vibrations of the tray. To everyone's surprise, waves began to form around the droplets as the tray vibrated at a certain frequency. “The droplets began to move independently on their own waves,” says Fort. “It was a dual object - a particle drawn by a wave.”

Fort and Caudier have since shown that such waves can conduct their particles in a double-slit experiment exactly as predicted by pilot wave theory, and can reproduce other quantum effects. But this does not prove the existence of pilot waves in the quantum world. “We were told that such effects were impossible in classical physics,” says Fort. “And here we showed what is possible.”

Another set of reality-based models, developed in the 1980s, attempts to explain the vast differences in properties between large and small objects. “Why can electrons and atoms be in two places at the same time, but tables, chairs, people and cats cannot,” says Angelo Basi, physicist at the University of Trieste (Italy).

Known as “collapse models,” these theories say that the wave functions of individual particles are real, but can lose their quantum properties and force the particle into a specific position in space. The models are designed so that the chances of such a collapse are extremely small for an individual particle, so that quantum effects dominate at the atomic level. But the probability of collapse quickly increases when particles combine, and macroscopic objects completely lose their quantum properties and behave according to the laws of classical physics.

One way to test this is to look for quantum effects in large objects. If standard quantum theory is correct, then there is no limit on size. And physicists have already conducted a double-slit experiment using large molecules. But, if the collapse models are correct, then quantum effects will not be visible above a certain mass.

Different groups plan to search for this mass using cold atoms, molecules, metal clusters and nanoparticles. They hope to discover results in the next ten years. “What's cool with these experiments is that we will be putting quantum theory to rigorous tests where it hasn't been tested before,” Maroney says.

Parallel worlds

One "wave function as reality" model is already known and loved by science fiction writers. This is a many-worlds interpretation developed in the 1950s Hugh Everett, who was a student at Princeton University in New Jersey at the time. In this model, the wave function so strongly determines the development of reality that with each quantum measurement the Universe splits into parallel worlds. In other words, when we open a box with a cat, we give birth to two Universes - one with a dead cat, and the other with a living one.

It is difficult to separate this interpretation from standard quantum theory because their predictions are the same. But last year Howard Wiseman from Griffith University in Brisbane and colleagues proposed a testable model of the multiverse. There is no wave function in their model - particles obey classical physics, Newton's laws. And the strange effects of the quantum world appear because between particles and their clones in parallel universes there is repulsive forces. “The repulsive force between them generates waves that spread throughout parallel worlds" says Wiseman.

Using a computer simulation in which 41 universes interacted, they showed that the model roughly reproduces several quantum effects, including the trajectories of particles in the double-slit experiment. As the number of worlds increases, the interference pattern tends to the real one.

Since the theory's predictions vary depending on the number of worlds, Wiseman says, it is possible to test whether the multiverse model is correct—that is, that there is no wave function and that reality operates according to classical laws.

Since the wave function is not needed in this model, it will remain viable even if future experiments rule out the "ignorance" models. Besides it, other models will survive, for example, the Copenhagen interpretation, which argues that no objective reality, but there are only calculations.

But then, White says, this question will become the object of study. And while no one knows how to do this yet, “what would be really interesting is to develop a test that tests whether we even have an objective reality.”

The mystery of quantum physics - the double-slit experiment

Secrets of Quantum Physics – Einstein's Nightmare (Episode 1)

Secrets of quantum physics - Let there be Life (Episode 2)

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