How does Chelkash feel about money? Analysis of the work "Chelkash" M

Maxim Gorky wrote his works in the style of realism; in his initial works, notes of romance are felt. The characters in the stories live in harmony with nature. All the heroes of Gorky’s works are very interesting personalities who look at the world around them in their own way. So our two main characters had a conflict, due to the fact that each perceived the world in their own way.

The writer shows us Chelkashin as a person who has nothing behind him, he loves alcohol, is dressed dirty, his clothes are torn, he has no shoes. He smells unpleasant and behaves inappropriately. The man had a sharp nose, a predatory look, a dark mustache and sad eyes.

The author shows us the second main character from a completely different side. This is a young man, wearing a sky-blue shirt and simple pants. His headdress is already completely worn out, but he proudly wears it on his head. The guy is very massive, he has strong shoulders and arms, brown hair, and a tanned body. His light blue eyes are filled with kindness. These are two completely opposite characters.

Once Gavrila went to a tavern, where he drank heavily. At that moment, Chelkashin was in this room, he looked at him for a long time and thoughtfully and thought that it was he who would be able to change Gavrila’s fate at his own discretion. That he will not repeat the terrible mistakes that Chelkashin made. Chelkashin sees a young guy, he looked and was gnawing at his conscience that he was already quite old, and the guy was very young and had everything ahead of him. Here the author described Chelkashin to us as a person who can suffer and think about his actions.

When these two men committed the crime, the thought of money was on everyone's mind. Gavrila is gripped by fear, and Chelkashin is taken over by evil, he is angry at all the work, at his partner, at the boats that are located nearby. There were guards there. The partners share their loot - stolen money, but Chelkashin decides to give his share of 540 rubles. And at first it seems to Gavrila that they stole too little, even his share is not enough for him and he asks his partner for more, and suddenly he decides to confess the thoughts in which he wants to kill Chelkashin, he takes the money for himself. And Gavrila rushes into battle with his opponent, they fight for money.

Here we see how the attitude towards the hero changes before our eyes. Chelkashin is actually not a bad person, he is very kind and kind-hearted at heart, the most important thing is that he feels freedom. And Gavrila showed himself to be a vile, evil guy, he is even ready to kill for money. He will humiliate himself only in order to have wealth in his hands.

To sum it up, we can say that you cannot judge people by looking at their appearance and description. Main feature a person is his actions. Chelkashin remained human even under such circumstances, and Gavril’s real essence emerged as soon as the conversation turned to money.

Essay by Chelkash and Gavrila

"Chelkash" is a work by Maxim Gorky, which was created in 1895. The book was written in the style of realism with slight notes of romanticism. All the characters in the story lived in harmony with the surrounding world and nature. Each character created by Gorky has his own unique worldview. Our two heroes, Chelkash and Gavrila, had their own views on the world around them, which is why their conflict occurred.

Chelkashin is a man who was not interested in anything other than drinking. He had nothing, only torn, dirty clothes and shoes. It looked unkempt and had an unpleasant smell. Chelkash was an alcoholic and behaved inappropriately. He had the look of a real predator, a dark mustache and a sharp nose.

The second character is Gavrila, the complete opposite of Chelkash. He was a strong and strong young man, eyes and appearance who radiated kindness. He was dressed more neatly than Chelkash, wearing a light blue shirt and a worn-out hat.

One day, when Gavrila came to the tavern and got drunk there, Chelkash saw him. He saw the young man and began to think about his age. He thought with regret and remorse that at his old age he had nothing behind him. He wanted to try to change Gavril's fate in order to prevent the young man from turning into an old drunkard like him. In this scene, the author presents Chelkash as a person who is able to think about his actions and knows how to regret.

Chelkashin really loved being near the sea. With the huge, free and power-filled blue next to him, he could feel free from all adversity. Gavrila, on the other hand, did not like freedom; it gave him a feeling of fear.

During the crime our heroes committed, they had a conflict. The young man was gripped by fear, and Chelkash became embittered at everyone. He didn’t like everything, his partner, the boats, the way everything happened. Chelkashin decided to give back his share of the stolen goods - 540 rubles, but Gavrila was overcome by strong greed. He thought that the stolen money would not be enough for him, then he confesses to Chelkash that he wants to kill him and take all the money for himself. Hearing this, Chelkash takes the money for himself, as a result of which they begin a fight for the stolen goods.

In this scene, the author shows us the true characters of the heroes. It turns out that Chelkash was not so bad, he was very kind and kind-hearted, wealth was not as important to him as receiving complete freedom. Gavrila turned out to be a greedy and vile criminal who is ready to do anything, even murder, in order to get money. This man was ready to commit any crime, even the most vile, in order to get rich.

The moral of this story is quite simple - you cannot judge a person by appearance and first impression. The dirty and unkempt old man Chelkash turned out to be a kind and to some extent honest person. And Gavrila, who looked like a wonderful young man, turned out to be the ultimate scoundrel.

Option 3

As in many stories, in the work “Chelkash” Gorky reflects the theme of human relationships and describes natural beauty, delving into the moment how nature is interconnected with state of mind their characters.

Two heroes appear before us - Chelkash and Gavrila, who differ from each other. They meet at the port. And if Chelkash is shown as a tramp without a place of residence and accustomed to stealing, then Gavrila ended up in this place after unsuccessful efforts to find work. Grishka was noticeable with his physique, which was similar to that of a hawk. His mustache constantly twitched, and he constantly put his hands back, rubbing his palms nervously. When Chelkash managed to steal something, he successfully sold the thing. He immediately drank the proceeds from the sale.

But Gavrila’s story was completely different. He was unlucky with his earnings in the Kuban, and therefore, returning home, he realized that now he had only one way - to get hired as a farm laborer. Chelkash drew attention to him at the moment when he was walking and wondering where to find his partner who went with him to steal. Gradually, talking with him, we see how Chelkash, having listened to the guy’s story, at first wanted to scold him and even hit him, but at the last minute he had some pity for Gavrila. Grishka, who had a home, family and relatives, suddenly became an avid alcoholic and a thief, but not a complete person. He is shown to us as a strong and proud nature, since he has a special approach to everyone, and can come to an agreement with everyone. He liked the sea, as powerful and free as he was.

But Gavrila, who at first seemed like a harmless guy, shows us that he is a vile person. When the matter was completed successfully, and huge money appeared before his eyes, he had a breakthrough. We saw how greedy he is. Immediately we lose all pity for this rural guy. He especially looks like a pitiful slave when, falling in front of Chelkash, he begs to give him all the money. Chelkash, filled with a feeling of pity and anger towards him, abandoned the prey. It was then that he realized that he was acting like a hero, because he knew for sure that he would not be like this guy. But when Gavrila told him that he wanted to eliminate him, Chelkash became very angry. Taking the money, he went his way. However, the guy threw a stone at him, and when he realized that he had failed to kill Chelkash, he began to ask him for forgiveness again. And here we see how Grishka rose to the occasion. He left this vile man some money and left. Here it is clearly visible that the writer gave preference to a Man who showed himself to be a person with high moral qualities, who did not lose his dignity under any situation.

Literature lesson in 8th grade Subject topic: Chelkash and Gavrila’s idea of ​​freedom. - page No. 1/1

Literature lesson in 8th grade

Subject topic: Chelkash and Gavrila’s idea of ​​freedom.

Metasubject topic: FREEDOM

The writer portrays tramps as people

brave, strong soul. Main

for them it is the freedom that they,

Like all of us, we understand in our own way...

A.A.Volkov

Lesson objectives:

Subject: development of skills in analyzing an epic work.

Methodological: development of students’ thinking through the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, the formation of a holistic vision of the world.

Meta-subject: formation of ideas about true freedom and imaginary freedom

Tasks:

- follow the thoughts, feelings and actions of Chelkash and Gavrila, try to understand which of them is truly free,

-improve theoretical analysis skills.

Progress of the lesson.

1.Org moment.

- Today we will talk about M. Gorky’s story “Chelkash”.

- What do you know about Gorky, what works of his have you read?

2. A word about the writer. Individual response.

3.Working with text (conversation)

Questions and tasks for students for an analytical conversation:

- Why is the story divided into an introduction and three chapters, what is their main content?

- Let's read the introduction of the story. What sounds and why is the description of the harbor “instrumented”, for example: “The ringing of anchor chains, the roar of clutches of cars delivering cargo, the metallic scream of iron sheets... the rattling of carriage carts...”?

- What is unique in the following description: “The waves of the sea, encased in granite, are suppressed by huge weights sliding along their ridges...”?

- What is the compositional purpose of the description of the seaport at the beginning of the story? To what extent is the sea a unique character in the story? And why is the attitude towards the sea an indicator of the spiritual level of the characters in the story? Do the characteristics of this element given by the author matter: boundless, free, powerful?

4.Vocabulary work.

What is freedom?

« True freedom- freedom from sin." - S.V. Drozd “The Doctrine of Christian Freedom.”

Freedom- this is a person’s ability to act in accordance with his interests, goals, and make choices. – Large encyclopedic dictionary

« Freedom- the opportunity to do as you want.” – Brief philosophical encyclopedia.

5. ---How do Chelkash and Gavrila represent freedom? Are they really free? We will answer these questions during the lesson.

Compiling a table

- What did you find especially memorable in the portrait of Grishka Chelkash? Why does Chelkash feel best next to the sea elements? Why does M. Gorky, when describing this element, use such epithets: endless, free, powerful?

- Is it a coincidence that their first conversation was about freedom? How do Chelkash and Gavrila understand freedom? (see text, table + refer to KFE, to epigraph) -

CONCLUSION: their freedom is IMAGINAL FREEDOM (give an example: a drug addict is free from everyone, but not free from addiction)

-Determine the author’s attitude towards Chelkash. (see table, Gorky sympathizes with the tramp, but, saying that Chelkash is free from money, claims that his character is not free from the desire to control people. This gives meaning to his life)

What artistic means Gorky expresses his attitude towards Gavrila. (“I’m now... a rich man!” Gavrila squealed in delight, shuddering and hiding the money in his bosom... Chelkash listened to his joyful cries, looked at his shining face, distorted by the delight of greed, and felt that he was a thief, a reveler, an outcast from everything dear to him - he will never be so greedy, low, and not remembering himself.)

6. Summing up the lesson. What conclusions did you come to?

-What is true freedom? Do the characters in Gorky's story have it? Do you agree with the opinion of S.V. Drozd that true freedom is freedom from sin? (Is it a sin:

-desire to manage people?

- the desire to have a lot of money in order to be free from everything and everyone, but at the same time is it possible to remember about GOD?)

Thus, True freedom- this is reasonable behavior aimed at the true good, and the liberation of a person is a gradual process carried out by the person himself; the person himself is to blame for his slavery on the internal level. Even popular wisdom says: “Sow an action, reap a habit, sow a habit, reap a character, sow a character, reap a destiny.”

One of the main themes of Maxim Gorky's early romantic story "Chelkash", created in 1894 and first published in the magazine "Russian Wealth" in 1895, is the theme of greed. She finds her revelation in the image of the young man Gavrila, whose antipode in the work is main character- tramp Grishka Chelkash.

At the beginning of the story, Gavrila appears to us as a good-natured guy with “childish bright eyes.” The simplicity of the young man and his naive thoughts about freedom make the reader sympathize with the hero. It seems that this is an innocent soul that fell into the “wolf’s paws” of the predatory thief Chelkash, who deceived Gavrila into becoming his accomplice.

But as the plot develops, Gavrila’s character gradually begins to reveal itself, and it becomes clear what kind of person he is. The theme of money, or rather, the desire to get it, appears in the first chapter of the story, and this desire is characteristic of both Gavrila and Chelkash.

But we see that the young man is trying to find a legal way to make money, so he goes to Kuban as a scythe. Chelkash has not been looking for legal methods for a long time, since he has eleven years of life as a thief behind him. It would seem that morality is clearly on Gavrila’s side.

During the trip, the young man continues to behave extremely respectably. Having learned what business Chelkash lured him into instead of the promised fishing, he tries to refuse the “dirty” work, run away, and call for help. But there is nowhere to run, because he is in the same boat with the formidable thief Grishka, who, every minute, will throw his accomplice overboard.

Gavrila’s attitude towards the theft he and Chelkash committed changes only when the guy receives a reward for his help. Now the hero is ready to go to work again if they give him two hundred rubles for it. To Grishka’s question about whether the young man is now afraid of “ruining” his soul, Gavrila, smiling, replies: “But maybe... you won’t ruin it... You won’t ruin it, but you will become a man for the rest of your life.”

Greed also reveals new qualities in the young man, previously unknown to the reader and, perhaps, even to the hero himself. It turns out that Gavrila is eager not only for his own money, but also for other people’s. When he sees Chelkash’s earnings, everything in his eyes takes on “bright, rainbow shades.”

Gavrila begins to beg the tramp to give him the money, crawling at his feet. And against the background of such humiliation of the young man, the image of Chelkash rises.

We see how alien greed is to this hero. Despite the fact that Grishka spends his time stealing, he does not know what to do with the stolen money. He is only sure that he would never have decided to fall so low for the sake of these “motley pieces of paper.”

But humiliation was not the most terrible manifestation of the greed that gripped Gavrila. It turns out that the young man was even ready to kill his accomplice just to take his profit. Fortunately, the guy simply didn’t have the courage for this, since Gavrila was not only greedy, but also cowardly.

Plan
Introduction
Comparison of heroes helps the author to more vividly portray his characters.
Main part
Chelkash is a representative of the “bottom” of a big city. Portrait of a hero.
Gavrila came from the village to work. Portrait of a hero.
The characters have different understandings of freedom. Their relationship to the sea.
Chelkash's moral superiority.
The dignity of Chelkash and his contempt for spiritual slavery evokes the author’s respect.
Gavrila is greedy and can kill for money
Conclusion
When comparing the two heroes, we see that Chelkash is a prouder and freer person.
Comparative characteristics The presence of two heroes in a work helps the author to depict his characters more clearly and clearly. When compared, the images of heroes can be revealed from the most unexpected side. This happened with Chelkash and Gavrila from M. Gorky’s story “Chelkash”.
Chelkash is a representative of the “bottom” of a big city. He is well known to everyone working in the harbor, “an inveterate drunkard and a clever, brave thief.” The author emphasizes his resemblance to a predator - “an old poisoned wolf”, he has a mustache like a cat, and he is especially similar to a steppe hawk with his “predatory thinness” and “aiming” gait.
Gavrila came from the village to earn money, but was unsuccessful. He is good-natured, trusting and, by Chelkash’s definition, looks like a calf. Gavrila agrees to work with Chelkash because he needs money, but he does not know what kind of work we are talking about. Gavrila trusts Chelkash, especially when they are fed in a tavern on credit, this is proof for Gavrila that Chelkash is a respected person in the city.
Both heroes value freedom, but understand it differently. For Gavrila this is material well-being. Then he will be able to return home, improve his household, and get married. There is no money - you will have to become a “son-in-law” and depend on your father-in-law for everything, working as a laborer for him. Chelkash does not value money; for him freedom is a broader concept. He is free from property, from his family, from whom he separated long ago, from social conventions. He has no roots, he doesn’t care where to live, but he loved the sea. The author emphasizes the similarity of the sea element, the boundless and powerful, and freedom-loving nature of the hero. At sea, he felt that his soul was being cleansed “from everyday filth.” Gavrila, on the contrary, is afraid of the sea; the lack of soil under his feet instills fear in him. Chelkash knows what he is doing and is not afraid to take risks. Gavrila, realizing what he was dragged into, was scared to death. He is afraid of being caught and of the sin of ruining his soul.
Seeing Chelkash with a wad of money, Gavrila forgets about sin and agrees to steal again for money. After all, maybe “you won’t lose your soul, but you will become a man for the rest of your life.” He humiliatingly lies at Chelkash’s feet, begging for money, and at this moment the author shows Chelkash’s moral superiority: he “felt that he - a thief, a reveler, cut off from everything dear to him - would never be so greedy, so, not remembering himself.” .
His dignity and contempt for the spiritual slavery of man evoke the respect and admiration of the author. And Gavrila’s greed is such that he is ready to commit murder for money, and actually makes such an attempt. He later repents of her, but he took the money offered by Chelkash.
Therefore, when comparing these two heroes, we see that Chelkash is a prouder and freer person, and the author’s sympathies are on his side.