Mikhelson's Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (orig. spelling) What is a sketch, what does it mean and how to write it correctly

What are sketches? These are preliminary drawings that represent ideas for future structures, works of art, mechanisms or any of their details.

Part sketch

This is a schematic representation of it, very similar to a drawing: it also includes all the information necessary for its production and control.

The sketch contains drawings, length, width, material and other information are indicated. It is necessary to create a sketch based on the norms and rules of the standards. This is very important. Children draw sketches at school during drawing lessons: the teacher places a part in front of them, and they transfer its image onto paper. This subject requires a squared notebook.

How to sketch a part?

The sketch is done as follows:

Tattoo sketch

This kind of sketch (also called “flash”) is an image drawn on cardboard, sheet or other surface, which is planned to be transferred to the skin.
The artist does not have to be an expert in painting, but he needs to have an understanding of the basic rules for sketching a tattoo. He should definitely know this. It should be noted that not all artists can become tattooists. Even if they know what sketching is, the process of creating tattoos may be overwhelming for them.

Flash sets, tattoo “rehearsal”

It is very important to be able to correctly position the pattern on the body. Therefore, many artists cannot do without flash sets (collections of sketches) from experienced tattooists. It is recommended primarily for beginners to work with them. Only with gaining experience will you be able to start drawing sketches with your own hands. At first, you should limit yourself to just creating a tattoo. Sketches, to be honest, play a secondary role in this matter.

If the tattoo artist has artistic skills and knows how to create images on sheets, he can easily repeat the image on the skin. When making a sketch on paper, a person imagines how it will look on the body. The artist literally “rehearses” the tattoo, so it will be easier for him to apply the design to the skin.

Sketch of clothes

This type of sketch is a schematic drawing of clothing. How to accomplish it?

Now you know a lot about sketching details, tattoos and clothing designs. By following the above rules, you can make a pretty good sketch. Don't be discouraged if you don't succeed the first time - you need to practice a little.

In order to manufacture any product or part of a product, it is necessary to first develop its design, that is, a drawing or sketch that guides specialists during their manufacture. Only then will the parts be uniform, of high quality and corresponding to their technical and other characteristics. In our material we will tell you how a sketch differs from a drawing and outline the main distinguishing characteristics of these two documents.

What is a sketch?

A sketch is a sketch (drawing) of a part, object or structure by hand, observing the approximate proportions of the future product. But in order to fully understand how a part sketch differs from a drawing, you should delve into the essence of the sketch in more detail. In a sketch, despite the fact that the drawing itself may be approximate, the values ​​specified in it must be clearly defined so that those performing the work of manufacturing the part (product), guided by these dimensions and mention of other (also verified) features , were able to make a full-fledged and working part (product), completely suitable in its technical and other characteristics for its further use.

The sketch is also used if you need to make only one part or develop a full-fledged production drawing based on it. If products or parts are planned to be produced on a production scale (in large quantities), for this purpose, a drawing is drawn on the basis of previous developments, studies, modifications (sketches).

What is a drawing?

A drawing is a fully developed document with a detailed technical and other description of a part (product, building). Essentially, this is the same sketch, but made using special ones and in accordance with generally accepted drawing rules. The detail in such a document is 100% worked out, all segments and parts in it are carefully verified and printed on paper in given proportions, with a decrease (or increase) based on the rules and scaling ratios.

Understanding how a sketch differs from a drawing is as follows. Any part of the unit, as well as the unit or the unit itself, put into mass production, must have its own working drawing, and not a sketch, which guides specialists in the process of its production (manufacturing). Only those components, parts, and assemblies that are made in strict accordance with the working drawings developed for production are considered to be of high quality. Any discrepancies with the drawing in dimensions and other features give the right to call such a product substandard (defective).

General in the sketch and drawing

So, what is the difference between a sketch and a working drawing of a part? First of all, careful study and adherence to proportions. But there are clearly visible similarities in these two documents, for example:

Difference between sketch and drawing

From the next section it will become even more clear how a sketch differs from a working drawing. In particular, the main differences between these two documents are as follows:

• Exactly executed. While a sketch can be sketched by hand or refined with hand-drawn lines, a drawing is a final document that does not require revision and is produced using drafting tools or special computer programs created specifically for drawing.
• If in the sketch only the conditional proportions of the part are observed, then the drawing is a full-fledged view of the part with exact observance of the proportions, reduced or enlarged according to all scaling rules. Some drawings may be 100% to scale with the details.
• In the design. The technical part of the drawing contains much more detailed information about the product.

Bottom line

For the final comparison of the sketch and the drawing, we decided to create a table that would fully trace the main differences between these two drawing documents.

Conclusion

As any draftsman would say, no matter what the difference between a sketch and a drawing is, without a sketch there would be no drawing as such. And indeed, in order to work out their drawing, draftsmen first, in any case, have to sketch a sketch, and then, based on it, create a full-fledged drawing.

As practice shows, for many experienced turners or architects, who most often rely on such documents in the manufacture of parts or the construction of various buildings, it makes absolutely no difference how a drawing differs from a sketch. The main thing for them is that all sizes are correctly displayed in the document. Often, in repair shops, machine operators themselves, literally on the go, have to create sketches for parts. But this does not reduce the quality of the products they make at all. The same can be said about construction professionals.

What is a "sketch"? How to spell this word correctly. Concept and interpretation.

sketch Sketch (French esquisse), a preliminary sketch that captures the idea work of art or its individual parts. The sketch outlines compositional structure, spatial plans, basic color relationships of the future work. Sketches can be graphic, pictorial, sculptural; usually characterized by a free, fluent manner of execution, but can be worked out in detail. Many sketches have great historical and artistic value and independent artistic significance. (Source: “Popular Art Encyclopedia.” Edited by V.M. Polevoy; M.: Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1986.) sketch (French esquisse), preparatory sketch (graphic, pictorial, sculptural) of a future work , in which the master embodies his plan, looks for a compositional form, places color accents, etc. As a rule, major work preceded by a whole series of sketches from a pencil sketch of the first idea to a composition worked out in detail. A. A. Ivanov created approx. 500 sketches and sketches. K. P. Bryullov. "The Last Day of Pompeii". Sketch. Sepia, ink, pen, pencil. 1828-30 State Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow (Source: “Art. Modern illustrated encyclopedia.” Edited by Prof. Gorkin A.P.; M.: Rosman; 2007.)

sketch- SKETCH, Tsa, m. Preliminary, unfinished drawing, sketch. Exhibition of sketches. E. to the picture. E. de... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

sketch- (French esquisse) a preliminary sketch that captures the concept of a work of art... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

sketch- SKETCH, sketch, m. (French esquisse). Preliminary, cursory sketch (painting, drawing; pictorial). Exhibit... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

sketch- m. 1. Preliminary sketch for a drawing, painting. // Initial design of the sculpture...

A, m. 1. Preliminary sketch of a drawing, painting or part of it. I showed Kuindzhi a large sketch of the planned painting. The sketch depicted the figure of a contemplator in the evening in a field. Rylov, Memoirs. Small academic dictionary

A sketch is a design document made by hand, without the use of drawing tools, without exact adherence to scale, but with mandatory observance of the proportions of the elements of the parts. The sketch is a temporary drawing and is intended for one-time use.

The sketch must be drawn up carefully in compliance with projection connections and all the rules and conventions established by the ESKD standards.

A sketch can serve as a document for the manufacture of a part or for the execution of its working drawing. In this regard, the sketch of the part must contain all the information about its shape, dimensions, surface roughness, and material. The sketch also contains other information, presented in the form of graphic or text material (technical requirements, etc.).

Sketching is carried out on sheets of any standard size paper. In educational settings, it is recommended to use checkered writing paper.

The sketching process can be divided into separate stages, which are closely related to each other. In Fig. 367 shows a step-by-step sketch of the “support” part.

I. Familiarization with the part

Upon familiarization, the shape of the part is determined (Fig. 368, a and b) and its main elements (Fig. 368, c), into which the part can be mentally divided. Whenever possible, the purpose of the part is clarified and a general idea is formed about the material, processing and roughness of individual surfaces, the manufacturing technology of the part, its coatings, etc.

II. Selecting the main view and other required images

The main view should be chosen so that it gives the most complete idea of ​​the shape and dimensions of the part, and also facilitates the use of the sketch during its manufacture.

There are a significant number of parts limited by surfaces of rotation: shafts, bushings, sleeves, wheels, disks, flanges, etc. In the manufacture of such parts (or workpieces), processing is mainly used on lathes or similar machines (rotary, grinding).

The images of these parts in the drawings are positioned so that in the main view the axis of the part is parallel to the main inscription. This arrangement of the main view will make it easier to use the drawing when manufacturing parts based on it.

If possible, you should limit the number of invisible contour lines that reduce the clarity of images. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the use of cuts and sections.

The required images should be selected and performed in accordance with the rules and recommendations of GOST 2.305-68.

In Fig. 368, a and b, options for the location of the part are given and the arrows indicate the direction of projection, as a result of which the main view can be obtained. Preference should be given to the position of the part in Fig. 368, b. In this case, the view on the left will show the outlines of most of the elements of the part, and the main view itself will give the clearest idea of ​​its shape.

In this case, three images are enough to represent the shape of the part: main view, top view and left view. A frontal incision should be made at the site of the main view.

III. Selecting a Sheet Size

The sheet format is selected according to GOST 2.301-68 depending on the size of the images selected during stage II. The size and scale of the images must allow all elements to be clearly reflected and the necessary dimensions and symbols to be applied.

IV. Sheet preparation

First, you should limit the selected sheet to an outer frame and draw a drawing frame of a given format inside it. The distance between these frames should be 5 mm, and a 20 mm wide margin is left on the left for filing the sheet. Then the outline of the main inscription frame is applied.

V. Arrangement of images on a sheet

Having chosen the visual scale of the images, the ratio of the overall dimensions of the part is established by eye. In this case, if the height of the part is taken as A y, then the width of the part is B^A, and its length is C«2L (see Fig. 367, a and 368, b). After this, rectangles with the overall dimensions of the part are drawn in thin lines on the sketch (see Fig. 367, a). The rectangles are positioned so that the distances between them and the edges of the frame are sufficient for applying dimension lines and symbols, as well as for placing technical requirements.

The layout of images can be facilitated by using rectangles cut from paper or cardboard and having sides corresponding to the overall dimensions of the part. By moving these rectangles around the drawing field, the most suitable location of the images is selected.

VI. Drawing images of part elements

Inside the resulting rectangles, images of the part elements are drawn with thin lines (see Fig. 367, b). In this case, it is necessary to maintain their proportions

sizes and ensure projection connection of all images by drawing appropriate axial and center lines.

VII. Design of views, sections and sections

Next, in all views (see Fig. 367, c), details not taken into account when performing stage VI (for example, roundings, chamfers) are clarified and auxiliary construction lines are removed. In accordance with GOST 2.305-68, cuts and sections are drawn up, then a graphic designation of the material is applied (hatching of sections) in accordance with GOST 2.306-68 and the images are outlined with the corresponding lines in accordance with GOST 2.303-68.

VIII. Drawing dimension lines and symbols

Dimensional lines and symbols that determine the nature of the surface (diameter, radius, square, taper, slope, type of thread, etc.) are applied according to GOST 2.307-68 (see Fig. 367, c). At the same time, the roughness of individual surfaces of the part is marked and symbols are applied to determine the roughness.

IX. Applying dimensional numbers

Using measuring tools, determine the dimensions of the elements and apply dimensional numbers on the sketch. If the part has a thread, then it is necessary to determine its parameters and indicate the corresponding thread designation on the sketch (see Fig. 367, d).

X. Final design of the sketch

When finalized, the main inscription is filled in. If necessary, information is provided on the maximum deviations of the dimensions, shape and location of surfaces; technical requirements are drawn up and explanatory notes are made (see Fig. 368, d). Then a final check of the completed sketch is made and the necessary clarifications and corrections are made.

When sketching a part from life, you should be critical of the shape and arrangement of its individual elements. For example, casting defects (uneven wall thicknesses, displacement of hole centers, uneven edges, asymmetry of parts of a part, unreasonable tides, etc.) should not be reflected in the sketch. Standardized elements of the part (grooves, chamfers, drilling depth for threads, roundings, etc.) must have the design and dimensions provided for by the relevant standards.