Types of environmental pollution presentation. Presentation for the lesson on the topic "sources of environmental pollution"

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Environmental pollution is an undesirable change in its properties as a result of anthropogenic input of various substances and compounds.

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Types of OS contamination

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Types of OS pollution.

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Air pollution.

Describe the main causes of air pollution. Prove that circulation processes in the atmosphere have led to the fact that the problem of its pollution has become global.

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"Greenhouse effect"

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"Ozone hole"

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Conclusion. Global changes in the atmosphere:

Atmospheric pollution with CO2, CH4, etc., the threat of the greenhouse effect; The occurrence of acid rain, which destroys forests, destroys life, and negatively affects human health.

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Pollution of the lithosphere (soil cover)

What are the main pollutants that lead to changes in the chemical composition of soils? How to solve the problem of accumulation of household waste? Explain the term “garbage civilization”?

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Desertification. Sahara.

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Conclusion. Global changes in the lithosphere:

radiation contamination of vast areas with tragic consequences; Soil erosion, salinization, waterlogging or desertification (as a result, about 6 million hectares are withdrawn from agricultural production annually); Toxication of fields with pesticides, herbicides, nitrates

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Desertification. Sahel.

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Hydrosphere pollution.

What serious water problems do many countries around the world face? How are the problems of shortage of clean fresh water solved in countries around the world? What problems exist in water pollution in the World Ocean and what are the consequences?

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Water pollution with oil and petroleum products

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Conclusion. Global changes in the hydrosphere:

The most polluted rivers and lakes in the world are the Rhine, Danube, Seine, Thames, Tiber, Mississippi, Ohio, Volga, Don, Dniester, Lake Ladoga, Balkhash, etc.; Pollution of the hydrosphere with petroleum products, heavy metals, etc.;

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Solving environmental problems. Ways of implementation:

Creation of various types of treatment facilities;

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Recycling of garbage, waste, etc.;

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Application of environmental technologies and rational placement of “dirty” industries.

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Creation of a network of protected natural areas (PA).

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Protected natural areas are territories where protection from traditional economic use is ensured and the natural state is maintained for scientific, educational, cultural and aesthetic purposes.

Forms of protected areas: Reserves, Sanctuaries, Reserves, National Parks...

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Geoecology

Studies the processes and phenomena that arise in the natural environment as a result of anthropogenic intervention in it.

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List of used literature:

O.I.Anufrieva General characteristics world, part 1, Methodological manual for teachers. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007; V.P.Maksakovsky Economic and social geography of the world. Textbook. – Moscow: Education, 2007; CD-Geography lessons. Cyril and Methodius; http://wwf.ru - World Wildlife Fund for a Living Planet! http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/ - Greenpeace

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Homework

1 Repeat topic 3; prepare for the test lesson. 2 Creative task– quiz questions on the topic “World Natural Resources”, starting with the word “Why...” (5-7 questions). 3Think! Option 1 Is it possible in our time to increase industrial production without negative impact on the environment? Option 2. Why is international cooperation necessary to solve environmental problems?

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Environmental pollution

WATER POLLUTION Human settlements. The most well-known source of water pollution and the one that has traditionally received the most attention is domestic wastewater. Soap, synthetic washing powders, disinfectants, bleaches and other household chemicals are present in dissolved form in wastewater. Paper waste comes from residential buildings, including toilet paper and baby diapers, waste from plant and animal food. Rain and melt water flows from the streets into the sewer system, often with sand or salt used to accelerate the melting of snow and ice on the roadways and sidewalks.

Industry. In industrialized countries, the main consumer of water and the largest source of wastewater is industry. Industrial wastewater into rivers is 3 times larger than municipal wastewater. Due to the growing volume of industrial waste, the ecological balance of many lakes and rivers is being disrupted, although most of the wastewater is non-toxic and not fatal to humans.

Agriculture. The second main consumer of water is agriculture, which uses it to irrigate fields. The water flowing from them is saturated with salt solutions and soil particles, as well as chemical residues that help increase productivity. These include insecticides; fungicides that are sprayed over orchards and crops; herbicides, a famous weed control agent; and other pesticides, as well as organic and inorganic fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical elements.

Soil pollution Residential buildings and public utilities. Pollutants in this category of sources are dominated by household waste, food waste, construction waste, etc. All this is collected and taken to landfills. Burning garbage in city landfills is accompanied by the release of toxic substances that settle on the surface of the soil and are difficult to wash off with rain.

Agriculture Soil pollution in agriculture occurs due to the introduction of huge quantities of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. It is known that some pesticides contain mercury. Man's desire to take more and more from the soil leads to irrational use of land, and often to the complete disappearance of its fertility. Excessive application of mineral fertilizers and chemicals to protect plants from weeds and pests into the soil leads to its pollution. Heavy metals (for example, mercury) and radioactive substances emitted by some industrial enterprises accumulate in the soil. From the soil, these toxic substances enter living organisms, which can cause irreversible changes.

Air pollution The main cause of air pollution is the ingress of uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological substances into it, as well as a change in their natural concentration. This occurs as a result of both natural processes and human activity. Moreover, it is humans who play an increasingly important role in air pollution. The cause of most chemical and physical pollution is the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels during the production of electrical energy and during the operation of vehicle engines.

One of the most toxic gases released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity is ozone. Lead contained in car exhaust gases is also toxic. Other hazardous pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, and fine dust. Every year, as a result of human industrial activity (during the generation of electricity, cement production, iron smelting, etc.), 170 million tons of dust enter the atmosphere.

The presentation was completed by Victoria Gushchikhina, a student of grade 11. Checked by technology teacher Kalmykova T.S.