Antsifer diabetes type 2 nutrition. Diet for a diabetic, allowed and prohibited foods

In order to avoid diseases, all systems of the human body must work correctly. Under certain conditions, failures occur that lead to a deterioration in the condition. Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to diseases of the endocrine system, which provokes a constant increase in glucose. This is due to a violation of the susceptibility of tissues.

Type 2 diabetes - what is it

The pancreas produces insulin, and in the case of type 1 disease, its absolute decrease occurs (it is not produced at all). When type 2 diabetes mellitus develops, a relative lack of the hormone is formed. At first, the amount of insulin can be increased or normal, and then sharply decreases. The susceptibility of cells to sugar decreases, absorption does not occur in in full because of which excess volumes remain in the plasma.

Excess glucose is not excreted from the body and crystallization of protein structures (nervous tissue, inner membranes of blood vessels) occurs, which reduces their functioning. This process is called glycation, it becomes main reason development of further complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is more often in tissues impaired sensitivity to insulin in genetic defects, obesity.

Then there is a gradual functional depletion of the pancreas. At this stage, the insulin-demanding subtype develops, in which the only way to reduce the amount of glucose is by injecting insulin with a syringe as a medicine. There are such risk factors that can cause the development of the disease:

1. Passive lifestyle.
2. Overweight by visceral type.
3. High pressure.
4. A large amount of refined carbohydrates in the diet (pastries, chocolate, sweets, waffles), a low content of plant foods (cereals, vegetables, fruits).
5. Ethnicity.
6. Genetic predisposition (presence of type 2 diabetes in relatives).

Nutrition for diabetes

One of the main stages of treatment for a diabetic is diet optimization. Food has a significant impact on the amount of glucose in the human body. Nutrition in diabetes is not associated with starvation, you need to stop eating starchy foods, sweets and eat more vegetables and fruits, which contain the necessary vitamins. Each diabetic should adhere to the following rules regarding nutrition, food:

• in the presence of excess weight, it should be normalized;
• per day should be 6 proportional meals;
• reducing the amount of alcohol;
• reduce your intake of saturated fats;
• per day, the total calorie content should not be more than 1800 kcal;
• reducing the amount of salt;
• eat more foods with trace elements, vitamins.

What can you eat

If you have to treat an excess amount of glucose in the blood, then you should remember what you can eat with diabetes. You will have to fight the disease all your life, for this reason, nutrition in type 2 diabetes becomes your main menu. All dishes are best stewed, boiled, steamed or eaten fresh. Below is a list of foods to include in your daily diet:

• turkey, chicken, rabbit, beef meat (all low-fat varieties);
• berries, persimmons, kiwi and other fruits (you can’t only bananas, grapes) in moderation;
• dairy products with a fat content of 0-1%;
• lean fish;
• all types of cereals, cereals, pasta can be eaten in moderation;
• skim cheese;
• bran, whole grain bread;
• any fresh vegetables, dark leafy greens are especially useful.

What not to eat

When you make a sample menu for a diet for treatment, you need to rely more on the list of what not to eat with diabetes. If the product you are looking for is not on the list, then it can be consumed in moderation. According to the rules, the diet should contain a minimum of glucose or elements that burden the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. The menu for type 2 diabetes should not include:

• fried, spicy, salty, spicy, smoked dishes;
• pasta made from soft flour, rice, semolina;
• fatty, strong broths;
• fat cream, sour cream, cheese, cheeses, sweet curds;
• sweet buns and other foods that contain a lot of easily digestible carbohydrates;
• butter, margarine, mayonnaise, meat, cooking fats;
• sausages, sausages, smoked fish, sausages, fatty varieties of fish, poultry and meat.

Diet for type 2 diabetes

The patient will have to constantly monitor the amount of sugar in the blood, the treatment implies that the diet for type 2 diabetes will be followed constantly. The most important restriction falls on everything sweet, baked and fried, because they seriously burden the pancreas and liver. With proper treatment and nutrition, a person should not have problems with complications from the disease. A diet for type 2 diabetics might look something like this:

1. Breakfast: whole grain bread, tea, egg, oatmeal.
2. Second breakfast: berries, natural yogurt (low fat).
3. Lunch: salad, stewed chicken breast, vegetable soup, compote, bread.
4. Snack: tea, low-fat cottage cheese.
5. Dinner: vegetable salad, baked hake in sour cream, cocoa, bread.
6. Before going to bed: baked apple, natural yogurt.

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus - drugs

In addition to adjusting the diet and diet, the patient is prescribed specific drugs for type 2 diabetes. Their action is aimed at reducing the amount of sugar in the blood, stimulating the production of insulin by cells in the required quantities. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is individual for each patient, the scheme should be selected, prescribed by a doctor. As a rule, the course of therapy includes such drugs

1. Glukobay, Miglitol. Medicines are aimed at inhibition, absorption of oligo, polysaccharides. This slows down the accumulation of glucose in plasma.
2. Metformin. Refers to the drug of first choice for hypoglycemic therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity. Helps with the movement, absorption of sugar by the body in muscle tissues, does not allow the liver to release it.
3. thiazolidinone derivatives. They increase the activity of insulin receptors, it helps to lower the level of glucose, the lipid profile is normalized.
4. Medicines of the sulfonylurea group of the 2nd generation. They have a stimulating effect on the pancreas to produce insulin, reduce the resistance of peripheral tissues to the hormone.
5. Starlix, Novonorm. The action is directed to the pancreas, insulin production is stimulated.

Folk remedies

When an illness overtakes a person, he tries to use any available methods of therapy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus - diet and treatment can be carried out in conjunction with the use of home recipes. It is imperative to consult a doctor before taking it, because in some cases there may be a conflict with diet or drug therapy. Often used such folk remedies for type 2 diabetes.

1. Recipe 1. To create a decoction of aspen bark, you will need 1 tablespoon of wood shavings. Add it to 500 ml of water and boil. Let the medicine brew for 2 hours. Follow a diet for type 2 diabetes, take 3 times a day before meals.
2. Recipe 2. For cooking, you need 1 tbsp. l. cinnamon, which must be poured with a glass of boiling water. You need to infuse the mixture for half an hour, then put 2 tablespoons of honey. Put the product in the refrigerator until morning. Drink half in the morning and the other half before bed.
3. For the effectiveness of the diet for type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to cleanse the body of toxins, improve metabolism. St. John's wort tincture will help, take 3 tbsp. l. herbs, pour ½ liter of boiling water, let it brew for 2 hours. Take a third of a glass before meals 3 times a day.

Video

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Discuss

Type 2 diabetes mellitus - diet and treatment: nutrition in case of disease

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance - impaired sensitivity of body cells to insulin. This endocrine (intrasecretory) hormone transports glucose to tissues and cells to provide them with the necessary energy. In the second type of disease, the pancreas does not stop working on the production of insulin, but because the body is unable to use it, unrealized sugar remains in the blood plasma. The main method of treatment of the disease is diet therapy. A properly formulated diet helps to control glycemia and prevent the development of complications of the disease.

Dietetics and Diabetes

hallmark diabetes is polyphagia (permanent feeling of hunger). This is due to a deficiency of glucose as a source of nutrition and energy in the cells of the body. Increased appetite provokes the development of obesity, which leads to heart pathologies and atherosclerosis (damage to blood vessels by cholesterol growths). The diet for type 2 diabetes is aimed at normalizing glycemia and reducing body weight.

The medical classification of therapeutic nutrition according to V. Pevzner provides for the diet "Table No. 9" for diabetics. The menu is designed for weight loss, maintaining a stable sugar level, and restoring disturbed metabolic processes. The main parameters of diet therapy for diabetes are: the glycemic index (GI or GI) of products, the number of calories, the balance of nutrients (fats, carbohydrates, proteins), diet and portion size.

According to "Table No. 9", all products are divided into acceptable, prohibited and limited (allowed in limited quantities). By combining allowed and limited foods, a daily diet is compiled. Nutrition should be complete, balanced, with strict adherence to dietary parameters.

Any food that enters the body affects the level of sugar in the blood. GI is a value that indicates the rate at which food is broken down into components, glucose is released from it and resorbed (absorbed) into the systemic circulation. Low GI foods are digested slowly and have little effect on glycemia. A high glycemic index of foods indicates their forced processing, and an instant release of glucose into the blood. Such food for a diabetic is classified as prohibited.

The digital GI values ​​are distributed as follows:

• from 70 to 100 units - a high index;
• from 30 to 70 - medium;
• less than 30 is low.

For right choice products by the GI criterion, there is a special table. Prohibited foods for diabetics have a glycemic index above 70 units.

Calorie Criterion

In order not to create an additional load on the weakened pancreas, diabetic food should not be heavy and indigestible. High-calorie foods, regardless of GI, require a lot of energy for processing, and a diabetic does not have a serious energy resource due to a poor supply of glucose to cells. In addition, extra calories do not contribute to weight loss. Daily calorie intake must be kept within 2200-2500 kcal. Percentage composition of nutrients:

• carbohydrates - 45%;
• proteins - 20%;
• fats - 35%.

Compliance with such a balance will bring metabolic processes as close as possible to the norm.

Nutrients

In addition to the percentage of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the diet provides for the differentiation of all categories of products into useful and harmful.

Fats

The consumption of animal fats should be reduced as much as possible, as they accelerate the absorption of glucose, and contribute to the deposition of "bad" cholesterol on the walls of blood vessels. As a result, sugar rises and atherosclerosis develops. You can regulate fat metabolism by replacing butter (lard) with vegetable fats.

Squirrels

Essential amino acids, which the body cannot produce on its own, are obtained from protein. The process of gluconeogenesis (the release of glucose from amino acids) occurs slowly, therefore, when people eat protein foods, the sugar level rises slightly, and is not forced. The protein component of the diabetic diet should not be less than 20% of the total diet. The source of protein for diabetics are dietary meats and fish, mushrooms, and some vegetable products.

High protein foods that should be included in the diet of a person with type 2 diabetes

Carbohydrates

The carbohydrate component is necessary for the body as the main energy source. This category of nutrients is divided into those that a diabetic can eat and those that must be discarded. Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) are processed slowly and do not cause a sharp rise in blood sugar. These include:

• glycogen (present in protein foods);
• pectin (found in vegetables, fruits and berries);
• fiber or cellulose (the main source is vegetables, greens);
• starch (which is a component of potatoes, pasta, legumes and grains).

Simple carbohydrates are: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose). Foods high in simple carbohydrates are rapidly resorbed, causing an immediate release of glucose into the bloodstream. In diabetes, this reaction of the body provokes glycemia, and can be life-threatening. Therefore, a low-carb diabetic diet means eliminating fast carbohydrates from the diet, and limiting complex ones.

Proper nutrition for type 2 diabetes prevents spikes in sugar, and helps restore insulin sensitivity to cells. If you have difficulty developing a menu, you should seek help from a nutritionist. The diet is developed taking into account the nature of the course and stage of the disease, the age and individual characteristics of the patient's body.

Postulates of therapeutic nutrition

When compiling a daily menu, a diabetic patient must consider not only what foods can be consumed, but also how to do it correctly. Medical nutrition must be organized according to the following rules:

• Eliminate disaccharides and monosaccharides from the diet. These components are contained in every possible kind of sweets: confectionery, ice cream, sweets, etc.
• Stick to the drinking regime. The norm of fluid intake is from 1.5 to 2 liters per day.
• Observe the regularity of food intake. You should eat every 3-4 hours.
• Don't be greedy with food. A single serving should not exceed 350–400 g of food. Overeating leads to weight gain.
• Control the amount of calories and glycemic index of foods. Nutrition should be balanced, with a clearly observed proportion of nutrients.
• Exclude dishes cooked in a culinary way of frying. Food must be cooked by boiling, stewing, steaming. You can bake food in foil. This will help reduce calories and unload the pancreas.
• Introduce healthy vegetables and fruits from the permitted list into your daily diet as a source of vitamins and minerals.
• Limit the amount of salt in the diet, and abandon salty foods (ideally switch to a salt-free diet). Such a measure will reduce the load on the renal apparatus and the heart.
• Replace animal fats with vegetable ones (olive, corn, linseed and other oils).

What needs to be excluded

To avoid hyperglycemia, a diabetic needs to clearly know what not to eat. Prohibitions primarily apply to sweet foods and drinks. Simple carbohydrates in their pure form are contraindicated for the patient. In addition, high-calorie fatty foods should be removed from the menu: fast food, smoked meats (meat, lard, fish), semi-finished products (dumplings, pasties, khinkali), sausages not specifically designed for diabetic nutrition, ham. It is forbidden to use flavored snacks and crackers, chips, popcorn as a snack.

The following products are subject to removal from the grocery basket:

• Meat. Poultry (duck, goose), fatty pork.
• Fish. Preserves, dried product.
• Conservation. Meat pates, sprats, canned fish, pickled vegetables, sweet canned fruits in their own juice, compotes and jams.
• Cereals. Rice (white variety), sago, semolina.
• Dairy and sour-milk products with a high percentage of fat. The permissible fat content is: cream and sour cream - 10%, cheese - 40-45%, yogurt - 3.2%, cottage cheese - 9%, fermented baked milk - 4%. Glazed curds and sweet curds are banned.
• Flour. White bun, pasta of category B, C, 1st and 2nd class, pastries from rich, puff, shortcrust and choux pastry.
• Sauces and condiments. Ketchups, mayonnaise-based sauces, mustard.
• Fruits. Focus on the glycemic index. High GI have: pineapple, figs, watermelon, grapes. From exotic fruits: papaya, carom, guava.

Table of products unacceptable for consumption in diabetes

Limited (limited to use) products

This category includes foods with a medium GI. In type 2 diabetes, their use is allowed in a small amount 1-3 times a week. With stable sugar levels, this will not harm health. Popular products from the limited category:

• products made from unleavened dough: biscuits, pita bread, pita (without filling) and muesli - 67–69;
• potatoes (only boiled in their uniforms are allowed), bananas, raisins - 64–66;
• fruits (mango, persimmon, kiwi) - 55, oranges - 44;
• unsweetened buckwheat – 50;
• blueberries - 43;
• canned beans, corn, peas - 48–42;
• cheeses: feta, processed - 56-57.

A more detailed list of foods that have an average glycemic index can be found on the website. Fatty fish varieties (sturgeon, halibut, capelin, mackerel) are allowed to a limited extent as a source of omega-3.6 fatty acids. An endocrinologist will help you decide on products that have an average GI. The doctor takes into account the nature of the course of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient.

Eligible Products

For a diabetic patient, a food set that will allow you to eat safely for health consists of protein and fiber. Allowed and recommended products for use are discussed in the table below.

Vegetables and herbs must be included in the daily diet. These foods are best eaten raw. Boiled carrots and beets have a high glycemic index and are not suitable for a diabetic menu. You can eat without restrictions:

Ground pear (Jerusalem artichoke) and momordica (bitter gourd) are extremely useful for stabilizing sugar. The use of these vegetables activates the endocrine and metabolic processes in the body, and helps fight excess weight. The choice of fermented milk products is based on fat content, calorie content, and the percentage of carbohydrates. With diabetes, you can eat and drink the following foods and drinks in this category: kefir - fat content up to 2.5%, Greek natural yogurt (without additives) - 2%, acidophilus - 3.2%, yogurt - 2.5%, sour cream - 10%, cottage cheese - 1.8–2%. The use of dairy products with fruit additives is undesirable, since they contain a sufficiently large amount of sugar.

Drinks for type 2 diabetes

In the diet, attention should be paid to the drinking regimen and drinks consumed. Most fruit juices have a medium glycemic index, so their consumption must be strictly controlled. Freshly squeezed undiluted juices are not recommended for consumption, as they have an aggressive effect on the pancreas. Other prohibited drinks include bottled tea and packaged juices (they contain a lot of sugar), coffee and cocoa sticks 3 in 1, cocktails with the addition of syrup.

Important! Lemonades and any sweet soda are subject to a complete ban. In addition to the high sugar content, they have the ability to instantly penetrate into the bloodstream.

Alcohol in diabetes is contraindicated. Light alcoholic drinks, as a rule, have a high GI, strong ones load the diseased pancreas and cardiovascular system. Recommended drinks are mineral water (preferably without gas), homemade jelly and compotes cooked without sugar, decoctions of medicinal herbs and rose hips, tea (green, black, hibiscus, oolong tea). Drinking coffee in small quantities is not prohibited. You should not only brew a strong drink and drink it with sugar.

Artificial sweeteners are in a limited category. In type 2 diabetes, food additives E950, E951 and E952 (Acesulfame Potassium, Aspartame and Sodium Cyclamate), trichlorgalactosucrose (Sucralose), glycoside from the leaves of the stevia plant (Steviazid) are allowed. Sorbitol and xylitol are high in calories, so it is better not to use them.

Sugar substitutes do not affect the level of glycemia, but they should not be abused

Before using sweeteners, you need to get the approval of the treating endocrinologist. Substances have a number of contraindications.

Diabetic diet

The menu for the week is compiled by combining products from the permitted category. All meals and drinks are prepared without added sugar. Morning meal: microwaved cottage cheese casserole, protein omelet with feta cheese, milk porridge (oatmeal, wheat, barley). Drinks: black tea, red tea, oolong tea, coffee with milk. Lunch: fruits (from the allowed list), berry jelly, pita bread with melted cheese, diabetic cookies, biscuits, yogurt with muesli. Drinks: freshly squeezed (diluted with water) apple-grapefruit juice, hibiscus tea

First courses for a daily meal: frozen seafood soup, bean soup with chicken broth (the skin must be removed from the chicken), cabbage soup with turkey (chicken) broth, mushroom soup, pollock fish soup, cod. Salads: fresh cucumbers, tomatoes, greens, fresh cabbage + carrots, seaweed + fresh cabbage + fresh cucumbers. Salad dressings should be prepared by yourself using recipes that do not contain mayonnaise. Soy sauce is limited due to the abundance of salt. 10% sour cream, Greek yogurt, vegetable oils, lemon juice are allowed.

Drinks: homemade fruit and berry compote or jelly. Side dishes for lunch and dinner: steamed vegetables, barley or buckwheat porridge on the water, potatoes boiled "in uniform" (once a week), stewed cabbage. Snack: cheesecakes with berries cooked in the oven, oatmeal jelly, fruit puree. The main dishes for the evening meal: stewed vegetables with rabbit meat, steam-cooked meatballs or meatballs from poultry (fish), boiled fish, cabbage rolls with chicken.

Drinks: green tea, herbal tea. To improve the functioning of the digestive organs, it is recommended to drink any fermented milk drink with a low fat content (yogurt, kefir, fermented baked milk) 1.5 hours before bedtime. Treatment of diabetes mellitus is impossible without correcting the patient's eating behavior. Improper nutrition leads to the fact that the pancreas stops producing endocrine hormone and diabetes becomes insulin-dependent.

The type 2 diabetes diet is one of the main ways to feed and support normal metabolism, lowering blood sugar levels to normal. Below we will consider main point treatment, what foods will be useful and what you can eat with type 2 diabetes. Nutrition table, what can and cannot be eaten by a diabetic at the initial stage of the disease.

Treatment of the second type of disease cannot be complete without the use of a diet. High blood glucose is the main indicator of type 2 diabetes. This significantly worsens the quality of life of a diabetic, provokes the development of atherosclerosis, and has a negative impact on the state of blood vessels. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes implies adherence to a clear diet - there is a list of allowed and prohibited foods for patients with a diagnosis such as diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex pathology that is accompanied by multiple metabolic disorders. In this disease, there are changes in the work of the pancreas, namely, it is responsible for the production of the hormone insulin. Insulin, in turn, is responsible for the absorption of glucose.

Type 2 diabetes symptoms

The main danger of this diabetes is because in both women and men it can be asymptomatic, in a sluggish form. And it is often discovered quite by accident, during the passage of a professional examination. The main analysis, which in this case can confirm diabetes, will be a urine test.

A diet for type 2 diabetes is no longer a measure that you can temporarily apply, it is your whole subsequent life, and the quality and duration of life will depend on how ready you are to adhere to all the rules of the diet. Lack of diet and weight control can lead to diabetes.

Contrary to popular belief, diabetes isn't just caused by eating a lot of sweets. There is no exact cause for diabetes, but there are many factors that contribute to the development of the disease. The most important thing is to diagnose the disease as early as possible and start its treatment in time.

The main symptoms of the disease include several main manifestations:

1. Leg cramps;
2. Pain in the joints of the arms and legs;
3. Numbness;
4. Itching in the vaginal area in women;
5. Decreased erectile function in men;
6. Infectious inflammation of the skin;
7. Overweight.

Another symptom of diabetes is polyuria. She especially worries the sick person at night. Frequent urination due to the fact that the body thus tries to remove excess sugar.

Thirst can also indicate the presence of diabetes. This symptom follows from polyuria, as there is a loss of fluid and the body tries to replace it. Feeling hungry can also indicate a disease. Especially strong and uncontrollable, even after the person has eaten.

Diet for type 2 diabetes: nutritional features

CD-2 is a common disease in the Russian Federation. By January 2014, the total number of people who applied for help amounted to 3 million 625 thousand. Of these, children and adolescents accounted for only 753 cases. The vast majority of patients are over 35 years of age and have an elevated body mass index.

In percentage terms, the ratio of DM1 and DM2 carriers is 20 and 80% of the total number of cases, respectively. A diabetic needs to make a proper nutrition plan and include the most priority foods in it, removing unhealthy foods.

Women who have had gestational diabetes are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes in the future, which necessitates adherence to recommendations for lifestyle modification in the future.

Early detection of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in a pregnant woman and monitoring of this condition makes it possible to minimize the risks associated with the influence of minor chronic hyperglycemia on the formation of the fetus, the health of the newborn and the woman herself.

In patients with diabetes, who deliberately or unknowingly do not follow a diet before the diagnosis is established, due to the excessive amount of carbohydrates in the diet, the sensitivity of cells to insulin is lost. Because of this, blood glucose rises and stays at high levels.

The meaning of dietary nutrition for diabetics is to restore cells to lost sensitivity to insulin, i.e. ability to absorb sugar. What should be the classic diet for type 2 diabetics?

The amount of carbohydrates is adjusted by the doctor depending on the degree of sugar increase, the weight of the patient and concomitant diseases. To maintain the normative general condition of the body in type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to follow the rules:

• The 1st and most important rule is strict adherence to the rules of the diet and your doctor;
• It is forbidden to starve;
• Frequent (3-5 times a day) fractional low-carbohydrate meals in small portions;
• It is undesirable to take long breaks between meals;
• Body weight correction - it is necessary to try to reduce it, since there is a direct correlation between weight and cell sensitivity to insulin;
• You can't skip breakfast.
• Avoid fatty foods as much as possible, since fats, entering the blood from the intestines, impair the utilization of carbohydrates by the cells of the body;
• Vegetables are eaten first at the time of eating, and only after them - protein products (cottage cheese, meat);
• Great emphasis should be placed on vegetables (up to 1 kg per day), unsweetened fruits (300-400 g), lean meat and fish (up to 300 g per day) and mushrooms (up to 150 grams);
• All food must be chewed thoroughly, you can not rush and swallow large pieces;
• Individual selection of a diet, depending on the age, gender and physical activity of a person;
• Served meals should not be hot or cold;
• For a day, it will be enough for the patient to eat 100 g of bread, cereals or potatoes (one thing is chosen);
• The last meal should take place no later than two hours before going to bed;
• If you want to somehow diversify the carbohydrate menu, then it is better to choose diabetic sweets (on sweeteners), but they should not be carried away. It should be compiled only by the attending physician, who knows what can and cannot be eaten by the patient, as well as what dishes can be consumed in limited quantities .;
• With a negative reaction of the stomach to raw vegetables, it is recommended to bake them;
• It is not recommended to fry, drench products in breadcrumbs, cook them in batter, add sauces. In addition, fried foods have a higher glycemic index. More useful for a diabetic will be boiled or steamed dishes;
• In the manufacture of minced meat, the loaf is excluded, being replaced by oatmeal, vegetables;
• If carbohydrates are present in a portion (a significant amount), they are diluted with proteins or allowed fats - to reduce the rate of digestion and assimilation;
• Allowed drinks are used before meals, not after it;
• The total amount of free fluid daily - 1.5 liters;
• Remove all provocative products (rolls, mayonnaise, cakes, etc.) away from the eyes, replacing them with plates of fruits and vegetables;
• Under the ban are fast carbohydrates (sweets, sugar, pastries, soda, etc.), complex carbohydrates are consumed in moderation;
• Controlling the intake of carbohydrates. The easiest way is to count bread units (XE). Each food product contains a certain amount of bread units, 1 XE increases blood glucose by 2 mmol / l.

It is important to know! 1 Bread unit (1 XE) is a measure for calculating the amount of carbohydrates in foods. Conventionally, 1 XE contains 12-15 g of carbohydrates, and it is convenient to measure different products in it - from watermelons to sweet cheesecakes.

Calculating bread units for a diabetic patient is simple: on the factory packaging of the product, as a rule, they indicate the amount of carbohydrates per 100 g, which is divided by 12 and adjusted by weight. At one meal, you need to consume no more than 6 XE, and the daily norm for an adult with normal body weight is 20-22 bread units.

Examples of 1 XE in products:

• Borodino bread - 28 g;
• Buckwheat - 17 g;
• Raw carrots - 150 g;
• Cucumber - 400 g;
• Apple - 100 g;
• Dates - 17 years;
• Milk - 250 g;
• Cottage cheese - 700 g.

Products that normalize blood sugar

The modern diet for type 2 diabetes, which includes nutritional correction, refutes the recommendations that took place in the past: without exception, all patients with type 2 diabetes were advised by doctors to consume as little carbohydrates as possible.

1. Oatmeal. This dish contains soluble fiber, which normalizes blood sugar;
2. Vegetables. Minerals, vitamins and antioxidants are found in fresh vegetables. To reduce sugar, experts recommend eating broccoli and red peppers. Broccoli - fights inflammatory processes in the body, and red pepper is rich in ascorbic acid;
3. Jerusalem artichoke. Promotes the elimination of toxins, improves metabolism and reduces blood sugar;
4. Fish. By eating fish twice a week, the risk of developing diabetes is reduced. It is preferable to steam it or bake it in the oven;
5. Garlic. This product affects the production of insulin, stimulating the pancreas. In addition, garlic contains antioxidants that have a positive effect on the functioning of the whole organism;
6. Cinnamon. The composition of this spice includes magnesium, polyphenols and fiber, which reduce sugar levels in the body;
7. Avocado. The properties of avocados are of interest to many. This green fruit is rich in beneficial trace elements, folic acid, proteins, monounsaturated fats and magnesium. Its regular use will increase immunity, improve the condition of the skin and hair, and protect the body from the development of diabetes.

How to replace sweet in diabetes

Stevia is a calorie-free sugar substitute made from the leaves of the perennial stevia plant. The plant synthesizes sweet glycosides, such as stevioside, a substance that gives leaves and stems a sweet taste, 20 times sweeter than regular sugar.

It can be added to ready meals or used in cooking. It is believed that stevia helps to restore the pancreas and helps produce your own insulin without affecting blood sugar.

Officially approved as a sweetener by WHO experts in 2004. The daily allowance is up to 2.4 mg / kg (no more than 1 tbsp per day). If the supplement is abused, toxic effects and allergic reactions may develop. Available in the form of powder, liquid extracts and concentrated syrups.

The role of dietary fiber in nutrition in type 2 diabetes

Proper nutrition for patients with type 2 diabetes is a vital necessity. Strict adherence to the diet makes it possible to reduce sugar levels and improve the quality of life of a diabetic without taking medication.

In addition, dietary fiber slows down the absorption of fats and glucose in the intestines, reduces the level of insulin taken by patients, creates the impression of full saturation, which automatically leads to a decrease in appetite and, accordingly, the weight of the patient.

1. coarse bran;
2. Oatmeal and rye flour;
3. Mushrooms;
4. Figs;
5. Nuts;
6. Lemon;
7. Pumpkin;
8. Prunes;
9. Beans;
10. Quince;
11. Strawberry;
12. Raspberries.

• 51% of the total should be vegetables;
• 40% - cereals;
• 9% - berries, fruits and mushrooms.

According to statistics, if a patient with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus adheres to the recommendations and prescriptions of a nutritionist, which are given in this material, his condition returns to normal, blood sugar levels decrease.

There were cases when, with full observance of the rules of dietary nutrition against the background of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, the patient's blood sugar level was within the normal range.

Diet for type 2 diabetes: what you can eat, what you can not (table)

In type 2 diabetes, a low-carbohydrate diet is recommended to maintain normal blood glucose levels. At the same time, proteins and fats are allowed on the diet in almost unlimited quantities, taking into account the daily calorie content, if necessary, lose weight.

What you can eat and what you can not with diabetes, you can see in the table below. The patient needs to learn how to choose the right foods and in the future he will know what to eat with a disease, and why it is better to refuse.

Restricted foods - they are not forbidden to be taken, but it is necessary to strictly control the amount of their intake (fats). Prohibited Foods - Including these foods in the diet is not recommended, as they significantly increase the level of glucose and insulin in the blood (easily digestible refined carbohydrates).

Knowing what foods you can eat with type 2 diabetes, the table of which is given, you can do without medication. At the same time, not only the composition of the daily menu is important, but also the number of meals. At the first signs of the disease, you need to adjust the diet, which will avoid the severe stages of diabetes with constant insulin injections and serious complications.

Let's take a closer look at what foods you can eat with type 2 diabetes:

• For first courses, non-concentrated meat and fish broth is used or they are cooked on vegetable broth. Therefore, the first water in which meat and fish products were boiled is drained, and soups are cooked on the second water. Meat soups are present in the diet no more than 1 time per week;
• For second courses, choose low-fat fish - hake, carp, pike, bream, pollock, perch. Beef and poultry (chicken, turkey) are also suitable;
• Dairy and sour milk should be low fat - yogurt, fermented baked milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese;
• Eat 4-5 eggs per week. The advantage is given to proteins - an omelet is prepared from them. Yolks are not recommended for use;
• Porridges are prepared from barley, buckwheat and oatmeal, they can be eaten no more than 1 time per day;
• Bread is chosen from whole grain, bran, rye or wheat flour of the 2nd grade. The recommended portion of flour products is not more than 300 g per day;
• Be sure to consume juicy vegetables - kohlrabi, cauliflower, white cabbage, a variety of greens, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants and legumes;
• Starchy and sugar-containing vegetables - potatoes, beets, carrots are allowed no more than 2 times a week (during periods of exacerbation of the disease, they should be completely excluded);
• Preference is given to berries and fruits rich in vitamin C. Citrus fruits - oranges, grapefruit, red and black currants, cranberries;
• For dessert, it is allowed to use confectionery with sweeteners from the department for diabetics or non-bread cookies (biscuits).

From drinks, the choice is stopped at rosehip broth, cucumber and tomato juice, mineral non-carbonated water, fruit and berry compotes, weakly brewed black and green or herbal tea, low-fat milk.

Forbidden products at diabetes 2 type: list

• Butter dough, white flour products, pies, sweets and biscuits, muffins and sweet cookies;
• Rich fatty broth;
• Salo, fatty fish;
• Salted fish, ram, herring;
• Cheeses with high fat content;
• Dishes from semolina and rice, pasta made from white flour of the highest grade;
• Pickles and marinades;
• Sugar, honey, sweets, sweet soda, juices from packages;
• Ice cream;
• Sausage, sausages, sausages;
• mayonnaise and ketchup;
• Margarine, confectionery fat, spread, butter;
• Food from fast food restaurants (french fries, hot dog, hamburger, cheeseburger, etc.);
• Salted nuts and crackers;
• Any alcohol (except dry wine once a month).
• You should limit the use of nuts and seeds (due to their high fat content), vegetable oils.

Fructose in diabetes: benefits and harms

Is it possible to use fructose with diabetes - this question is asked to doctors by many patients with this disease. Experts discuss this topic a lot, and their opinions differ.

There are many reviews on the internet about the safety of fructose in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but there are also scientific studies that prove otherwise. What is the benefit and harm of products with fructose for sick people and how should they be consumed?

Why is fructose good for diabetes?

Each organism requires carbohydrates for the normal functioning of all systems and organs. They nourish the body, supply the cells with energy and give strength to perform the usual tasks. The diet of diabetics for 40-60% should consist of high-quality carbohydrates. Fructose is a saccharide of plant origin, also called arabino-hexulose and fruit sugar.

It has a low glycemic index of 20 units. Unlike sugar, fructose is not able to increase the amount of glucose in the blood. In type 1 and type 2 diabetes, fruit sugar is considered beneficial due to its absorption mechanism. This substance differs from sugar in that it is absorbed much more slowly when it enters the body.

It doesn't even require insulin. For comparison, for glucose to enter the cells of the body from ordinary sugar, protein cells (insulin are among them) are required. In diabetes, the concentration of this hormone is underestimated, so glucose is stored in the blood, causing hyperglycemia.

So, what is the main difference between sugar and fructose intake in diabetes? Fructose, unlike sugar, does not cause a spike in glucose. Thus, its use is allowed for patients with a low concentration of insulin in the blood. Fructose brings a separate benefit to diabetic men, increasing the production and activity of spermatozoa.

It is also the prevention of infertility in women and men. Fructose, after oxidation, releases adenosine triphosphate molecules, which are required for the normal functioning of the body. Fruit sugar is harmless to gums and teeth, and also minimizes the likelihood of inflammation in the mouth and tooth decay.

Why is fructose bad for diabetics?

With numerous beneficial properties, fruit sugar in type 1 and type 2 diabetes can also harm. Many diabetics face the problem of obesity. The difference between fructose and sugar in diabetes is that the former is more concentrated for the same calorie content. This means that you can sweeten food with much less fruit sugar. Fructose-based foods for diabetes can be harmful to people with this dangerous disease.

The negative effects are mainly due to the following factors: In high amounts, fructose causes a jump in cholesterol, lipoproteins and triglycerides. This causes fatty liver and atherosclerosis. An increase in uric acid. Fructose is able to turn into glucose inside the liver.

In large doses, fruit sugar stimulates the development of pathogenic microflora in the intestines. If the monosaccharide begins to accumulate in the eye vessels or nerve tissues, this will cause tissue damage and the development of dangerous diseases. In the liver, fructose is broken down, turning into adipose tissue. Fat begins to accumulate, worsening the functions of the internal organ.

Fructose stimulates appetite thanks to ghrelin, called the hunger hormone. Sometimes even a cup of tea with this sweetener causes a feeling of irresistible hunger, and this leads to overeating.

In general, fruit sugar can cause the same harm in diabetes as regular sugar if you abuse this sweetener.

Diet menu for type 2 diabetes

With type 2 diabetes, a person can lead a normal life with some changes in their diet. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with an exemplary diet menu for type 2 diabetes.

Monday

• Breakfast. A serving of oatmeal, a glass of carrot juice;
• Snack. Two baked apples;
• Dinner. A serving of pea soup, vinaigrette, a few slices of dark bread, a cup of green tea;
• afternoon tea. Carrot salad with prunes;
• Dinner. Buckwheat with mushrooms, cucumber, some bread, a glass of mineral water;
• Before going to bed - a cup of kefir.

Tuesday

• Breakfast. Portion of cottage cheese with apples, a cup of green tea;
• Snack. Cranberry juice, cracker;
• Dinner. Bean soup, fish casserole, coleslaw, bread, dried fruit compote;
• afternoon tea. Diet cheese sandwich, tea;
• Dinner. Vegetable stew, a slice of dark bread, a cup of green tea;
• Before going to bed - a cup of milk.

Wednesday

• Breakfast. Steamed cheesecakes with raisins, tea with milk;
• Snack. Several apricots;
• Dinner. Portion of vegetarian borscht, baked fish fillet with greens, some bread, a glass of rosehip broth;
• afternoon tea. Portion of fruit salad;
• Dinner. Braised cabbage with mushrooms, bread, a cup of tea;
• Before going to bed - yogurt without additives.

Thursday

• Breakfast. Protein omelette, whole grain bread, coffee;
• Snack. A glass of apple juice, a cracker;
• Dinner. Tomato soup, chicken fillet with vegetables, bread, a cup of tea with lemon;
• afternoon tea. A piece of bread with curd paste;
• Dinner. Carrot cutlets with Greek yogurt, bread, a cup of green tea;
• Before going to bed - a glass of milk.

Friday

• Breakfast. Two soft-boiled eggs, tea with milk;
• Snack. A handful of berries;
• Dinner. Fresh cabbage soup, potato cutlets, vegetable salad, bread, a glass of compote;
• afternoon tea. Cottage cheese with cranberries;
• Dinner. Steamed fish cake, a portion of vegetable salad, some bread, tea;
• Before going to bed - a glass of curdled milk.

Saturday

• Breakfast. A serving of millet porridge with fruit, a cup of tea;
• Snack. Fruit salad;
• Dinner. Celery soup, barley porridge with onions and vegetables, some bread, tea;
• afternoon tea. Curd with lemon;
• Dinner. Potato cutlets, tomato salad, a piece of boiled fish, bread, a cup of compote;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir.

Sunday

• Breakfast. Portion of cottage cheese casserole with berries, a cup of coffee;
• Snack. Fruit juice, cracker;
• Dinner. Onion soup, steamed chicken cutlets, a portion of vegetable salad, some bread, a cup of dried fruit compote;
• afternoon tea. Apple;
• Dinner. Vareniki with cabbage, a cup of tea;
• Before going to bed - yogurt.

Recipes for type 2 diabetes, meals for diabetics

Health food, dietary recipes of which should be prepared as part of an exemplary diet menu for a week. The list of products allowed for consumption by people with type 2 diabetes is not limited to what was said in the table.

There is a lot of food that is not forbidden to eat. Recipes for type 2 diabetics are such that the discerning gourmet will be satisfied. Some are described below.

First meal

Soups, broths that do not contain a large amount of fat act in this capacity. To lose weight and keep blood glucose within acceptable limits, it is recommended to cook:

• Green broth: 30 g of stewed spinach, 20 g of butter and 2 eggs are ground, 3 tablespoons of low-fat sour cream are added. After that, the mixture is immersed in meat broth and boiled until tender;
• Vegetable soup: cabbage, celery, spinach, green beans are chopped, seasoned with oil, stewed, put in meat broth. Next, the soup is allowed to brew for 30-60 minutes;
• Mushroom soup: mushrooms are cut, seasoned with salt and butter, stewed in a pan and put into the broth. You can add the yolk of one egg.

Liquid hot meals should be given to the patient at least once a day.

Soup with tomatoes and bell pepper

You will need: one onion, one bell pepper, two potatoes, two tomatoes (fresh or canned), a tablespoon of tomato paste, 3 cloves of garlic, ½ teaspoon of cumin, salt, paprika, about 0.8 liters of water.

We cut the tomatoes, peppers and onions into cubes, stew in a saucepan with the addition of tomato paste, paprika and a few tablespoons of water. Grind cumin with a crush or in a coffee grinder. Cut the potatoes into cubes, add to the vegetables, salt and pour hot water. Cook until potatoes are ready.

A few minutes before cooking, add cumin and crushed garlic to the soup. Sprinkle with herbs.

Lentil soup

We will need: 200 g of red lentils, 1 liter of water, a little olive oil, one onion, one carrot, 200 g of mushrooms (champignons), salt, herbs.

Cut the onion, mushrooms, grate the carrots. We heat the pan, pour a little vegetable oil, fry the onions, mushrooms and carrots for 5 minutes. Add lentils, pour water and cook over low heat, covered for about 15 minutes. A few minutes before cooking, add salt, spices. Grind in a blender, divide into portions. This soup is very tasty with rye croutons.

Main dishes

Solid food is used as an additional food after soups at lunchtime, as well as an independent kind of food in the morning and evening.

• Simple minced meat: onions are chopped, mixed with parsley, chopped champignons. The mixture is fried, added to the rolled meat. If the product is planned to be used as a spread for a sandwich, it should be pre-fried. The raw mixture is used to stuff tomatoes or bell peppers;
• Celery salad: the roots are cut, boiled until tender, stewed in a small amount of water. Before eating, the dish should be seasoned with sunflower oil or vinegar;
• Casserole: cauliflower is peeled, boiled in such a way that the vegetable does not dissolve. After that, it is placed in a mold treated with oil, poured over with a mixture of yolk, sour cream, grated cheese, then baked.

In the second recipe, boiling celery is a must. During the heat treatment, the vegetable loses carbohydrates.

vegetable appetizer

We will need: 6 medium tomatoes, two carrots, two onions, 4 bell peppers, 300-400 g of white cabbage, a little vegetable oil, bay leaf, salt and pepper.

We chop the cabbage, cut the pepper into strips, cut the tomatoes into cubes, and the onions into half rings. Simmer over low heat with the addition of vegetable oil and spices. Sprinkle with herbs when serving. Can be used on its own or as a side dish for meat or fish.

Meatballsfrom vegetables and minced meat

We will need: ½ kg of minced chicken, one egg, one small head of cabbage, two carrots, two onions, 3 cloves of garlic, a glass of kefir, a tablespoon of tomato paste, salt, pepper, vegetable oil.

Finely chop the cabbage, chop the onion, three carrots on a fine grater. Fry the onion, add vegetables and simmer for 10 minutes, cool. In the meantime, add the egg, spices and salt to the minced meat, knead.

Add vegetables to minced meat, mix again, form meatballs and put them in a mold. Prepare the sauce: mix kefir with crushed garlic and salt, pour over the meatballs. Top with a little tomato paste or juice. Place the meatballs in the oven at 200°C for about 60 minutes.

Dessert

As part of sweets for tea drinking, a small amount of sugar is allowed, however, it is preferable to use dietary saccharin.

• Vanilla cream: a mixture of 2 yolks, 50 g of heavy cream, saccharin and vanilla is whipped over a fire. It is important not to let the composition boil. The resulting dish is eaten slightly chilled;
• Air biscuits: egg whites whipped to a thick foam are sweetened and placed in separate portions on an ungreased sheet. It is necessary to bake in such a mode that the composition dries up. To improve the taste, cream is added to the cookies;
• Jelly: fruit syrup (cherries, raspberries, currants) is mixed with a small amount of gelatin, allowed to harden. After that, the dish is considered ready. Before solidification, it is recommended to add a little saccharin to it.

The use of products containing sugar should be done with caution. Glucose, which is part of the dessert, is subtracted from daily allowance simple at / in. Otherwise, the level of C 6 H 12 O 6 may rise. Frequent episodes of hyperglycemia lead to the development of complications.

Cabbage fritters

You will need: ½ kg of white cabbage, a little parsley, a tablespoon of kefir, a chicken egg, 50 g of hard diet cheese, salt, 1 tbsp. l. bran, 2 tbsp. l. flour, ½ tsp soda or baking powder, pepper.

Finely chop the cabbage, dip in boiling water for 2 minutes, let the water drain. Add chopped greens, grated cheese, kefir, an egg, a spoonful of bran, flour and baking powder to the cabbage. Salt and pepper. Mix the mass and place in the refrigerator for half an hour.

Line a baking sheet with parchment paper and grease with vegetable oil. With a spoon, put the mass on parchment in the form of pancakes, place in the oven for about half an hour at 180 ° C, until golden. Serve with Greek yogurt or on its own.

A blood diet, no carbohydrates, separate meals, a mono-diet, protein, kefir, fasting, all kinds of teas for weight loss - diabetics go through all this. Many people cannot imagine their life without sweets - diabetics can use sweeteners.

Sorbitol, xylitol, and fructose are considered calorie-rich, so this must be taken into account when calculating calories. Aspartame (NutraSvit, slastelin), cyclamate and saccharin are non-caloric. They can not be boiled, otherwise bitterness occurs. Acesulfame potassium also belongs to the same species. When choosing a suitable drug, you must always consult with your doctor so that there are no contraindications.

The sweetest preparations:

• SUCHARIN is the sweetest substitute - 375 times sweeter than sugar. The kidneys are actively involved in its processing and excretion. Therefore, in diseases of the kidneys and liver, it can not be used. You can consume no more than 1-1.5 pieces per day;
• ASPARTAM - 200 times sweeter than sugar. Do not take patients with phenylketonuria (a severe hereditary disease leading to mental retardation). Dose - 1-2 tablets per day;
• ACESULFAM POTASSIUM (ACE-K, SVIT-1) (200 times sweeter than sugar, consume 1.15 tablets per day.) Reception is limited in case of kidney failure and diseases in which potassium is contraindicated.

Other drugs are also available:

• SORBIT - consumed 20-30 grams per day, it helps to increase metabolism;
• FRUCTOSE - made from grapes, compared to sugar, fructose is 2 times sweeter (no more than 30 grams per day);
• XYLITOL - obtained from corn cobs (cobs). It is absorbed without the participation of insulin. When using it, the digestion of food slows down, so you can reduce the amount of food. The recommended amount is no more than 30 grams per day.

How to Cure Type 2 Diabetes: 7 Steps

If you liked the article Diet for type 2 diabetes: what you can eat, what you can not, table" share your opinion in the comments. Click on any of the buttons below to save to yourself and share it in in social networks. This will be your best "thank you" for the material.

Mankind has achieved tremendous success in ensuring its own comfort, and this has played a cruel joke with it. At any time of the day or night, you can, without leaving your place, get ready-made food: tasty, satisfying, fatty, sweet. Overeating has become the easiest thing in life.

When you sit well-fed and a little sleepy from hypodynamia, you somehow don’t think about diseases. Many get stuck in this trap of simple pleasures, but not everyone gets out on time, that is, without paying with their health ...

Are you afraid of diabetes? Diabetes is the daily life of millions of people, and the future of even more.

” From a WHO fact sheet: “The number of people with diabetes has increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. … The overall risk of death among people with diabetes is at least twice the risk of death among people of the same age who do not have diabetes.”

Why Type 2 Diabetes Occurs

How insulin works

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, formerly called "adult-onset diabetes" ( And now the kids get sick too) is associated with impaired insulin receptor sensitivity.

” Normally, in response to the intake of carbohydrate foods, the pancreas releases insulin, which binds to tissue receptors like a key, opening the doors for glucose so that sugars can feed the body.

With age ( either because of diseases or because of genetics) receptors become less sensitive to insulin - the “locks” break. Glucose remains in the blood, and the organs suffer from its deficiency. At the same time, “high sugar” damages primarily small vessels, which means vessels, nerves, kidneys and eye tissues.

Strike at the insulin factory

However, failure of the lock and key mechanism is only one cause of type 2 diabetes. The second reason is a decrease in the production of insulin itself in the body.

” Our pancreas "plows" in two jobs: it gives enzymes for digestion, and special areas produce hormones, including insulin. The pancreas is involved in any pathological process of the gastrointestinal tract, and each active inflammation ends with sclerosis - the replacement of active tissues (that is, those that do something) with a simple connective tissue. These coarse fibers are not capable of producing either enzymes or hormones. Therefore, insulin production also decreases with age.

By the way, even the healthiest gland cannot provide enough insulin for a modern high-carbohydrate diet. But she tries very hard, so before the last link of defense breaks down, in a healthy person, sugar is regulated within very strict limits, and there are never any fluctuations outside the norm, no matter what we do: even eat cakes with soda. If the sugar is outside these limits, it means that the system is irrevocably broken. That's why sometimes a doctor can diagnose diabetes on a single blood test - and not even necessarily taken on an empty stomach.

Life After Type II Diabetes Diagnosis

The complexity and simplicity of the situation is that control over this disease lies with the person himself, and he can do something every hour for health or vice versa, to increase diabetes, or step back and forth, which, in fact, will lead to the second. All doctors are unanimous in their opinion: in type 2 diabetes, nutrition plays the first violin.

” There is the concept of "added sugar" - it is removed. This refers to all-all products and dishes, during the preparation of which any amount of sugar is added at any stage. This is not only sweet pastries, desserts and jams, but also most sauces - tomato, mustard, soy sauce ... Honey and all fruit juices are also banned.

In addition, the consumption of foods containing too much of their own sugars is strictly regulated - fruits, berries, cooked beets and carrots, vegetables and cereals containing a lot of starch, which also breaks down quite quickly to glucose and can cause an increase in blood sugar in a diabetic. And this is potatoes, and white rice, and polished wheat and other refined cereals (and flour from them), and corn, and sago. The remaining carbohydrates (complex) are distributed evenly over meals throughout the day, in small quantities.

But in real life, such a scheme does not work well. Carbohydrates everywhere! Almost all patients overeat, and for some, medications do not help to keep sugar levels normal. Even when fasting sugar is almost the same as in a healthy person, eating carbohydrate foods causes a diabetic to experience significant fluctuations in blood glucose levels throughout the day, which will inevitably lead to complications.

Diabetic nutrition: my experience

I thought a lot, read literature and decided that I would stick to a low-carb diet. In fact, of course, there are nuances, especially in summer. But I excluded starchy foods and cereals completely (simple sugars, of course, in the first place). The most difficult thing is to remove the fruit, it was not completely possible to do this. Starchy I left in small quantities, for example, one potato per pot of soup (not daily). I also occasionally ate dishes with carrots and beets after heat treatment in a small amount (they are not recommended for diabetes, as they can significantly raise sugar levels).

The diet consists of proteins in almost every meal, this all kinds of meat, fish, eggs. Plus non-starchy vegetables: any cabbage, green beans, zucchini, eggplant, sweet peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, raw carrots, avocados, onions and garlic in small quantities. To this are added fat-containing foods: oils, dairy products, lard.

” Oils and lard do not contain carbohydrates, while for dairy products there is a rule: the fatter the product, the less carbohydrates it contains. Therefore, skimmed milk and cottage cheese, low-fat cheese is a bad choice for a diabetic.

And here hard cheese, produced in a standard way, matured, does not contain carbohydrates at all. In addition, you can eat most nuts and seeds.

fruit there is no place in a low-carb diet, but then my resolve broke. If sugar becomes difficult to control, they will be the next group of foods I cut out. In the meantime, I distribute them evenly throughout the day and eat in small quantities (two or three strawberries / cherries at one time, or a small nectarine, or one plum ...) If there was starch in the food, then the fruit is excluded.

In terms of volume, I try to eat a little, I don’t overeat protein and I don’t strive to reach an amount close to the carbohydrate-free diets of bodybuilders - my kidneys are dear to me. By the way, they began to work better on my current diet.

” Another of the changes of the last summer - after a couple of weeks of giving up sugar, my headaches disappeared, which were very annoying in the last year, they tormented me almost daily. Over the summer, my head hurt a few times! There were rare rises in blood pressure. Chronic nasal congestion disappeared (which they like to explain by the presence of dairy products in the diet) and, quite naturally, weight began to decrease.

Appetite also subsided. Contrary to the belief that without complex starchy carbohydrates you become angry and always hungry, this did not happen to me. All moments of increased appetite were clearly associated ... with carbohydrates! An extra couple of cherries, an extra loaf of bread, an apricot - and hello, old friend - the desire to "chew something" and the feeling "something I haven't eaten."

There is also a minus - I often feel lethargic and drowsy, especially in the morning. But I'm not sure if the reason for this is the lack of a traditional source of energy - cereals and cereals, because I did an experiment and tried to eat a slice of bread / a few pasta / half a potato. Alas, strength and vigor was not added by a single gram.

” Of course, I did not do without looking for a replacement for bread. After shopping for alternative flours, the kitchen has become crowded with kraft bags of all sizes and colors. After studying them, I learned that one of the most low-carb is flaxseed.

There is also nut flour, but it is both expensive and very fatty. You can bake "buns" from only eggs with vinegar, but there are already a lot of eggs in the diet. After testing, I opted for linen bread - a tasty and convenient replacement for traditional bread. Diabetics are advised to add fiber to food - it slows down the absorption of carbohydrates and increases the feeling of satiety. And, despite the fact that bran, the simplest fiber, is also a carbohydrate, there are more benefits from it than the load on the insular apparatus. Therefore, all pastries contain bran, you can use any, most often there are wheat, rye and oatmeal. I also add flax seeds wherever possible - this is fiber, healthy fat, and the prevention of stool problems.

” The other day, a package arrived with psyllium - fiber from the shells of flea plantain seeds. It is said to be very useful in baking and can be used to build a semblance of a real loaf from low-carb flour (low-carb flour lacks gluten, and the bread comes out crumbly in texture, it is difficult to cut, psyllium should correct that moment). I will try!

sweet life without sugar

After the first few weeks of strict eating, the fear subsided, and around the corner, a desire to drink tea not only with a piece of cheese timidly peeked out. How can you competently sweeten the life of a diabetic?

Immediately sweep away the old chemical sweeteners: aspartame, sodium cyclamate and saccharin. The harm from their use is a proven thing, if you see them in the composition of products, then put them back on the store shelf and pass by.

Next come the once-famous fructose, xylitol and sorbitol. Fructose is not the best option, although most manufacturers continue to produce confectionery products for diabetics with it. Unfortunately, most of the fructose eaten will turn into glucose in the intestines, and the rest in the liver. In addition, there are studies showing the negative role of fructose in the formation of abdominal obesity (the most dangerous type for health, when fat envelops the entire abdominal cavity) and fatty hepatosis (popularly known as "fatty liver") - a condition that complicates the work of this important organ. Therefore, in a diabetic, the level of sugar in the blood after fructose can rise, and the rest of the unpleasant consequences will overtake healthy people. Plus fructose is a pure sweet taste, as close as possible to the taste of sugar.

Xylitol and sorbitol they have not been discredited too much over the years of use, but they have a laxative effect, and this must be taken into account.

Sweetener stands out isomaltite, synthesized a long time ago, but retained its reputation.

Relatively new and at the top of popularity among adherents of healthy nutrition erythritol, stevioside and sucralose while basking in a sea of ​​accolades, although some experts are skeptical and are waiting for enough research to accumulate on their real impact on health, which is only possible after enough time has passed. In the minus, only a very peculiar taste, to which not everyone can get used.

And I went to the store for sweeteners ... Kraft bags in the kitchen replaced jars, jars and jars. But, alas, my taste buds were clearly waiting for something else. Ice cream experiments different types, truffles, brownies, jelly failed miserably. I absolutely did not like it. Moreover, in addition to the bitter taste and a nasty long sweet aftertaste, I felt something like poisoning and decided for myself that sweet should be pure pleasure. And if it did not become such, it should not be on the table and in the house.

Attempts to buy harmless sweets in the store are likely to end in failure for a variety of reasons:

Almost 100% of manufacturers use premium white wheat flour, which raises sugar in diabetics almost faster than glucose itself. Replacing flour with rice or corn does not change the essence of the matter.

Almost everything is made on fructose, the harm from which I described above.

For some reason, raisins / dried fruits / berries added in large quantities are synonymous with useful, and they contain an exorbitant amount even fresh, and even after removing the water, even more so. Yes, unlike sweets, there is fiber there, but with such a glucose content, it will not save, so you can add bran to sweets - and they will equalize.

Not all types of sweeteners are created equal - read labels.

Manufacturers also do not disdain additives of regular sugar, despite the inscriptions “on fructose”, “diabetic” - see above - read the labels.

Of all the variety, I was able to choose for myself only chocolate on isomalt, I sometimes eat it in small pieces, it is not too nasty.

A diabetic must be smart

Due to the growing demand for "healthy" products, many tempting offers have appeared on the Internet. But, in my opinion, these sellers have no advantages over ordinary stores. For example, jams and sauces are offered “only from healthy”, without fat and sugar, without GMOs and terrible “Es”.

” Ketchup-type sauce - boiled tomatoes plus additives, but - no starch, no sugar. The output is 4 g of carbohydrates per 100 g of product. Meanwhile, in fresh tomatoes there are 6 g of carbohydrates, and in tomato paste without additives at all - more than 20. For a diabetic, it matters 4 grams of carbohydrates in a product or, say, 30, and such carelessness in calculations kills faith in other promises.

Considered a fashionable and harmless sweet, Jerusalem artichoke syrup contains "inulin, which is useful for diabetics - that's why it is sweet." Yes, not so! The ground pear contains the substance inulin, which many people trust because of its similarity to “insulin” in sound, but it is just a polysaccharide that has nothing to do with insulin or diabetes regulation, and it is sweet because it is converted in the body into fructose, and fructose - what? Yes, everyone has already learned!

There is only one way out: self-education and control over what you are going to put in your mouth. Be sure to read the labels, no matter how sweet promises are written in large letters on the package. It is important to know that sugar and starch are hidden under many names. Dextrose is glucose, maltodextrin is a modified starch. Molasses, molasses - it's all sugar. The words "natural" and "useful" are not synonymous! Grocery stores and pharmacies here are not your advisers and comrades. You can choose the right product with the help of endocrinologists and good competent literature.

Life with a glucometer

Thus, treatment begins with a diet, continues with physical education (this is a topic for a separate discussion), and only in third place are pharmacological drugs. I would be lying if I say that I manage to follow all the rules of eating with one left, but it will not be true that it is insanely difficult and takes all the time.

For convenience, I have two notebooks: a food diary ( I confess, after the first month I conduct it irregularly) and a list of products and proven dishes that I choose from if I suddenly go into a stupor: “Ahhh! Everything is impossible, there is nothing!” Here I put leaflets with what I want to try and, if the test was successful, I add the recipe to the list.

” Ideally, you should test all food with a glucometer for an individual reaction, because each person has personal intricacies of digestion, and they also affect the sugar level after a particular meal. Then the list of what is allowed may expand or change. I'm going to do it before the New Year holidays.

They say disease is not a punishment, but type 2 diabetes is. We, diabetics, have managed to break one of the main life support mechanisms, strong and a hundredfold protected, and we pay for this with eternal self-restraints in everyday life. It's a shame, but I think it's very honest.

Diabetes - as the most strict coach, you can ask him for any indulgence for the holidays or because of poor health, but he will raise sugar in response to a violation even on your birthday. But there is a real opportunity to finally understand that food is just food, there are incomparably more pleasures in life. It's time to find beauty in all its other manifestations!

Photo by Anna Maslova

Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1. The causes of the pathological process are different, but more and more often there is a pattern that diabetics are overweight. In some cases, this is the cause of impaired insulin production. In order for the disease to proceed without complications and deterioration in the quality of life, patients need to adjust their lifestyle and carry out therapy. Please note that taking medication is not enough. The success of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus lies in an integrated approach:

• dieting;
• taking medications;

Features of type 2 diabetes

• obesity;
• the diet is oversaturated with simple carbohydrates;
• hereditary predisposition;
• hypertension;
• sedentary lifestyle.

• Thirst, dry mouth.
• Wounds and abrasions on the skin heal for a very long time.
• Unreasonable weight gain.
• Frequent urge to urinate.

Treatment of type 2 diabetes with folk remedies

Garlic

Onion

Bay leaf

grape leaves

Dandelion

St. John's wort

Gorchak creeping

viburnum

Sagebrush

echinacea

Hydrogen peroxide solution

The tool has contraindications! Before using this method, you should consult with your doctor!

Jerusalem artichoke

Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: drugs

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

biguanides

• severe degree of the pathological process;
• obesity of various degrees;
• lack of result in therapy with other means.

Sulfonylureas

Glinides

Incretins

• against high pressure;
• normalizing cholesterol in the blood;
• drugs to prevent seizures;
• agents that prevent the formation of blood clots.

Please note that the information provided in the article is not an instruction for self-treatment for diabetes. All information and drug names are for informational purposes only. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed exclusively by the attending physician after a full diagnosis of the body.

Dietary nutrition for type 2 diabetes

• Adjust your daily calorie intake based on your weight. With obesity the maximum consumption threshold is 1900 kilocalories per day. With a normal physique - 2200 kcal.
• With diabetes, it is necessary to speed up the metabolism. Therefore, it is recommended to eat food every three hours, at the same time, in small portions. The body should not experience hunger.
• Only complex carbohydrates are allowed. They should only be consumed before lunch.
• Refusal of flour, fried, smoked and, of course, sweet. From desserts, it is better to give preference to natural yoghurts with pieces of berries or fruits.
• In diabetes, a complete exclusion of “fast” carbohydrates is shown.
• Limit salt to 3 grams per day.
• Drink more water, in the absence of kidney problems - up to 2 liters per day.
• Nutrition should be balanced: vegetables, meat, fruits, cereals. The body should not be deficient in vitamins or minerals.
• Don't drink your food! Drink only before or after meals for half an hour.
• Chew your food thoroughly to reduce stress on your pancreas.

Physiotherapy

• With mild form diabetes, the maximum duration of physical activity is 40 minutes.
• With an average form pathological process should be limited to 25 minutes.
• With severe- 10 minutes a day.

1. For starters: warm up and warm up the body. We stand straight, feet shoulder-width apart. We make head turns - to the left, to the right. Then we touch the feet with our hands. We repeat 3 times.
2. Alternately walk on the heels, then on the toes. We do it within 2 minutes.
3. We get on our knees, hands on our belts, walk back and forth, run time 3 minutes.
4. Starting position: sitting on the buttocks, legs apart, back straight. Hands in the lock, we try to get to the socks and grab them. Hold the body position for 10 seconds. Three approaches.
5. We lie down on the floor, bend our legs at the knees. Alternately lower limbs straighten and hold in the air for 30 seconds.
6. The starting position is the same as in the previous exercise. We carry out the well-known "bicycle". Put your hands behind your head and imitate cycling with your feet.
7. We get on all fours. We bend the spine up and down alternately.

What's New in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment in 2018?

• A special thin needle penetrates into the human bone marrow, with the help of which biomaterial is taken.
• Further, on the basis of the taken material, stem cells are isolated in the laboratory.
• With the help of a catheter, they are introduced into the patient's body.