Kalmyk symbolism. Presentation on the topic "Symbols of Kalmykia"
On the instructions of President K. Ilyumzhinov, the development of a new flag began in April 1993. On the 100th anniversary of his reign, the flag was designed and adopted.
The new flag of the republic was approved by Parliament Resolution No. 65-IX of July 30, 1993. The flag of "Ulan Zalata Khalmg" consists of a golden-yellow panel, in the center of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of 9 petals. The length of the flag is twice its width, the ratio of the radius of the circle to the width of the flag is 2:7. The author of the flag (and coat of arms) is B.B. Erdniev.
The golden color symbolizes Buddhism, the sun; blue is the color of the sky, eternity and constancy, lotus is a traditional symbol of purity, happiness, spiritual rebirth.
Five lotus petals directed upward symbolize the five continents, 4 directed downwards symbolize the four cardinal directions. That is, in this case, the lotus can be interpreted as a symbol of friendship between people all over the world.
The flag received the name "Ulan Zalata Halmg", and the coat of arms - the name "Schulde". Unfortunately, I am not an expert in the Kalmyk language. But nevertheless, I will make one hypothesis. It is quite possible that the Kalmyk names of the flag and coat of arms are confused in the Russian translation. Judge for yourself: “ulan zala” is the name of the red tassel on the headdress, which in the 15th century all Oirats (Kalmyks) were required to wear. And it is this tassel that is the main element of the coat of arms. The flag depicts a lotus, which is in no way connected with the tassel of the headdress. Agree that the term “Ulan Zala” has much more in common with the term “Ulan Zalata Halmg” than with “Schulde”. I repeat that this is just my hypothesis. Only experts in the Kalmyk language can confirm or refute it.
The flag of Kalmykia is included in the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation under No. 151.
In 1994, a new Constitution was approved - the Steppe Code. In accordance with it, on June 11, 1996, Law No. 44-I-3 “On State Symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia” was adopted (by laws of January 3, 1999 No. 7-II-3 and March 12, 1999 No. 14-II-3 in it amendments were made that did not relate to the essence of the issue).
The coat of arms and flag are confirmed by this law. The official description of the flag is:
Article 2.
The state flag of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangchin Tug is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. The upper five petals of the lotus represent the five continents of the globe, the lower four petals represent the four cardinal directions, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship and cooperation with all peoples of the world.
The state flag of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangchin tug is attached to a pole topped with a red tip in the shape of a “tongue of flame” with contour outlines on it ancient symbol Derben Oiratov - four circles fastened together, at the base of which there is a “uhlan hall”.
The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 1: 2. The ratio of the radius of the circle to the width of the flag is 1: 3.5. The ratio of the length of the tip to the width of the flag is 1: 4.5
Municipal organization of Kalmykia:
-municipal areas:
Gorodovikovsky (Gorodovikovsk city), Iki-Burulsky (Iki-Burul village), Lagansky (Lagan city), Maloderbetovsky (Malye Derbety village), Oktyabrsky municipal district, Ketchenerovsky (Ketchenery village), Priyutnensky (Priyutnoye village) , Sarpinsky (Sadovoye village), Tselinny (Troitskoye village), Chernozemelsky (Komsomolsky village), Yustinsky (Tsagan-Aman village), Yashaltinsky (Yashalta village), Yashkulsky (Yashkul village);
-urban district "city of Elista" (until 2006 - Elista municipality).
Included municipal districts includes rural settlements and urban settlements "city of Lagan", "city of Gorodovikovsk".
Kalmykia is a republic in the southeast Russian Federation. The flag and coat of arms of Kalmykia are official. What is depicted there? What meaning is embedded in them?
Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia
The official symbol of the republic was approved in 1993. Its author is B. Erdniev. The flag of Kalmykia is a cloth in the proportion of one to two. This is a gold rectangle. In the middle there is a circle colored blue. Inside it is white which consists of nine petals.
The yellow flag of Kalmykia is a symbol of the religion of the people of the republic - Buddhism. In heraldry, this color is given other definitions. It usually signifies greatness and strength, representing the sun. The blue color speaks of constancy, purity and immutability, symbolizing the sky.
There is a lotus in the center of the composition. This is one of He reports the purity of thoughts, the desire for well-being, happiness and prosperity of the republic. Not only does the flag of Kalmykia represent one of the oldest symbols among various Asian and North African peoples. It is present, for example, in the emblems of Bangladesh, a province of Bengal, where it is sacred.
History of the flag
The modern flag of Kalmykia is very different from previous ones. In 1935, the autonomous region of Kalmykia was transformed into an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Two years later, the official flag was adopted. The cloth was completely painted red, and in the upper corner, closer to the shaft, there was a gold inscription: “R.S.F.S.R., Kalmyk A.S.S.R.”, in Russian and Kalmyk languages.
In 1978, a blue vertical stripe appeared on the flag on the hoist side. Near it, on a red background, there was an image of a hammer and sickle. Above the sickle, a star was depicted as an outline. Below was the inscription: “Kalmyk ASSR”, again in two languages.
The third version of the flag, the immediate predecessor of the modern one, was created in 1992. Two years earlier, the sovereignty of the republic was proclaimed. The rectangular panel was divided into three horizontal stripes of blue, yellow and red. The top and bottom were half as thin as the middle strip.
There was a red outline circle in the center of the composition. Inside it was an image of a spiral sign resembling a flame of fire. In Old Kalmyk writing it denotes the concepts of “man” and “beginning”.
Coat of arms of Kalmykia
Was approved in 1993. The composition contains images of folk symbols of Kalmykia. The coat of arms has a round shape. In its center, on a yellow background, is depicted the “ulan zala”, which in reality is a red silk tassel, part of the men’s national costume.
Under the “ulan zala” there is a “khadak” - a long scarf of blue and white colors, which is one of the ritual symbols of Buddhists. "Hadak" means hospitality, selflessness and purity of thoughts. It is given as a gift. Presented on a holiday, it signifies friendship and good wishes, given in grief - symbolizes compassion and understanding.
A yellow circle frames a blue and white “zeg” folk ornament. At the top there is an image of four circles fastened together. This is an ancient symbol of the Derben Oirats, or Kalmyk people. At the base of the coat of arms are white lotus petals.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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MBOU "Artesian Secondary School No. 2" Title of the work: "Symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia." Nomination: multimedia publications Type of work: multimedia presentation Information about the author: Sharashkieva Amulanga, 5th grade student Information about the consultant: Dzhinkeeva Irina Davidovna, teacher
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I live in the Republic of Kalmykia. The Republic of Kalmykia (Kalm. Khalmg Tangch) is a republic, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Southern Federal District. The capital is the city of Elista. It borders in the south with the Republic of Dagestan, in the southwest - with the Stavropol Territory, in the west - with the Rostov Region, in the northwest - with the Volgograd Region, in the east - with the Astrakhan Region.
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The ancestors of modern Kalmyks, who wandered in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River, in an area called Sekizmuren (Eight Rivers), were conquered by Genghis Khan in 1208 and in the Mongol army formed the left wing - dzuun gar (hence the names - Dzungars, Dzungaria). Initially, the Kalmyks lived in Dzungaria (which was the name of the vast country between Altai, Tien Shan, the Gobi Desert and Lake Balkhash; in our time, only the northern part of East Turkestan or Xinjiang is called Dzungaria), where, after the fall of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368, the Tsoros tribes ( Dzungars), Derbets, Torgouts and Khoshouts entered into an alliance "Derben Oirot", i.e. “four close ones”, whence the first historical self-name of the Kalmyks - Oirots (“close ones”). At the beginning of the 17th century, with the increasing onslaught of the Khalkha Mongols, Han feudal lords and Kazakh khans, the ancestors of the Kalmyks migrated to the Russian state. In the Volga steppes, Kalmyks (over 250 thousand people in 50 thousand tents) appeared in 1632 under the leadership of the Torgout Khan Kho-Urlyuk and occupied the left and right banks of the Volga River from Samara to the Caspian Sea and Kuban. In 1635, the example of Kho-Urlyuk was followed by the Khoshout tribes, led by Turu-Baihu (Gushi Khan), who did not want to obey Bator Khuntaiji, who in 1638 proclaimed himself the All-Oirat Khan. History of the formation of the Republic of Kalmykia
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Since then, the modern self-name of the Kalmyks has appeared - “khalmg”, literally “remnant”, i.e. those who did not submit to Bator Khuntaiji. In the sparsely populated steppes of the lower Volga, along the Don and Manych, they formed the Kalmyk Khanate, the internal life of which was determined by the “Steppe Code” (Tsaarjin bichik). Due to the oppression of the tsarist administration in 1771, the overwhelming majority of Kalmyks, led by Ubushi Khan, went to China, 2/3 of whom died during the transition. In the Kalmyk steppe, only that part of the Kalmyks remained, 13 thousand families, who did not have time to cross the Volga and were detained by the tsarist administration. The Kalmyk Khanate was abolished and the Kalmyk uluses were transferred to the administration of the Astrakhan provincial authorities. In the 1780-90s. Don Kalmyks were included in the Don Army Region and were included in the Cossack class. In 1861, Bolshederbetovsky ulus was transferred from Astrakhan to Stavropol province. On March 25, 1917, Kalmyk noyons and zaisangs convened a congress, which petitioned the Provisional Government of Russia for the creation of a Kalmyk Cossack army and autonomy for the Kalmyk people. On July 1, 1917, by decision of the Provisional Government, the Steppe Region of the Kalmyk people was formed, and in September 1917, a separate Kalmyk Cossack army was created. On November 4, 1920, by a joint resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was created from parts of the territories of the Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn, Stavropol provinces, Don and Terek regions.
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In 1990, a declaration was adopted on the sovereignty and transformation of Kalmykia into a union republic (USSR). In 1993, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov was elected the first president of the Republic of Kalmykia. In 1994, the “Steppe Code (Constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia” was adopted, so named in memory of the “constitution” of the Dzungar Khanate, which confirmed the status of the republic as a subject and an integral part of the Russian Federation, while simultaneously declaring the continuity of the Dzungar Khanate - the Republic of Kalmykia.
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The state flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. “Ulan Zalata Khalmg” is the local name of the republican flag of Kalmykia. The yellow (golden) color of the background of the flag symbolizes the sun and Buddhism as the main religion of the Kalmyks. The blue color represents the sky, and in the traditional heraldic interpretation it is a symbol of constancy and eternity. White color means peace, unity and openness. The lotus flower is an image of purity and spiritual rebirth. A lotus with nine petals symbolizes world peace: the upper five petals represent the continents, the lower four petals represent the cardinal directions, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship and cooperation with all peoples of the world.
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The state flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is attached to a pole topped with a red tip in the shape of a “tongue of flame.” The official flag of Kalmykia was designed for the anniversary of the hundred-day reign of President of the Republic Kirsan Ilyumzhinov and adopted on July 30, 1993.
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The coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia is “Sulde”. In the center of the coat of arms is an image of an element of the national headdress - “ulan zala” (red tassel) and “khadak” (white scarf) in a circle of golden yellow color framed by the national ornament “zeg” on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white flower lotus The author of the design of the coat of arms is the artist Bata Badmaevich Erdniev.
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At the top of the coat of arms is the image of “dorvn toolg”, an ancient symbol of the union of the four Oirat tribes: four circles fastened together. These are the origins of the Kalmyk people. The most ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all peoples inhabiting the four corners of the world. The basis of the coat of arms is a white lotus - a symbol of spiritual purity, rebirth and prosperity. The coat of arms has blue, yellow and white colors. Blue color means eternity, freedom and constancy. This is the favorite color of the steppe nomads. Yellow is the color of the religion of the people, it is the color of the skin and, finally, it is the personification of the fact that Kalmykia will always be sunny. The Ulan hall is crowned with a white khadak. The white color means our peaceful views, friendly relations with all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond.
Slide description:
Ulan Hall contains a symbolic meaning. When Buddhists pray and meditate, according to the teachings of the Buddha, a thousand-leaved white lotus opens at the back of the head. When they pray, they fold the palms of both hands and raise them above their heads. At this moment, according to Buddhist teachings, the door of consciousness opens. Then the worshipers touch their hands to the chin, mouth and chest, thereby opening the doors of speech and soul. This ritual carries with it the purification of the mind, consciousness, speech and soul, as well as the knowledge of the truth. This ritual also implied that a person’s consciousness was always open. Therefore, the wearing of a lancer hall (on the highest place - the head), symbolizing the sacred white lotus, was introduced.
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In my Republic, from generation to generation, people pass on the desire to live in peace and harmony, to respect the traditions and customs of all peoples. We, children, are the future of our Motherland. And without the past there is no future. Therefore, we try to study the history of our people, to know the symbolism of Kalmykia and Russia. On a yellow cloth, against the background of the blue sky, a lotus with nine petals opened. The bright sun and blue sky are symbols of constancy and eternity. The lotus petals united into one whole, like the continents of the globe. Let the peoples of all continents live in peace and harmony. Let there be no wars on earth and no grief. Let the children laugh and the sun shine brightly. Let the birds sing and people all over the planet be friends.
The modern flag of the Republic of Kalmykia was created according to a sketch by the artist B.B. Erdneeva. In July 1993, the flag was approved and since then has been the official symbol of the independent republic.
Flag description
The flag of Kalmykia is a yellow rectangle with an image of a white lotus placed in a circle the color of the sky. The color of the sun or the color of gold is a Buddhist symbol of faith. Blue color is a symbol of sky and freedom. In the generally accepted interpretation, blue color is a symbol of eternity and constancy. The lotus flower is one of the most ancient symbols in Buddhism. It symbolizes the purity of the soul, the desire for happiness and prosperity.
The emblem with a flower is located in the center of the panel. In the picture, a lotus flower is depicted with nine snow-white petals, five of which reach towards the sky, and four look down. Each of the upper petals of the flower symbolizes one of the five continents of the world. The personification of the four cardinal directions is a row of lower petals. The emblem of the Republic of Kalmykia was conceived as a symbol of friendship and cooperation of all countries and peoples of the world.
The pole to which the flag is attached ends with a tip similar to the tongues of a red fire. The symbol of the union is also depicted on the shaft ancient people Kalmyks in the form of four crossed circles.
Coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia
4 facts from the history of creation
Today this is the fourth version of the state symbol of the Republic of Kalmykia.
The first flag of Kalmykia was approved in 1937. On the red cloth in the left corner in gold letters and in two languages: Russian and Kalmyk it was written - “R.S.F.S.R. R.S.F.S.R. Kalmytskaya A.S.S.R. HALMG A.S.S.R.”
On the second flag, a pentagonal star was drawn on top, and below it was the symbol of the USSR - a hammer and sickle. Also, a blue stripe was added to the left edge of the rectangle across the entire width of the flag. Such changes occurred in 1978.
In 1992, after the independence of the republic was recognized (1991), the name of the state changed to the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangch. In the same year, the symbol of the republic was changed and the third flag of the Republic of Kalmykia appeared.
The large panel now had three different horizontal stripes: the top stripe was bright blue, the bottom was scarlet, and the middle stripe was bright yellow. On the yellow stripe the ancient word “Kalmyk” was written in red letters.
Now we have a fourth flag, which we called “Ulan Zalata Khalmg”.
Flag sizes
The ratio of the flag's length to width is 2:1, and the ratio of the radius of the circle to the width of the flag to the radius of the circle is 7:2.
Capital: Elista
Total area: 76,100 km²
Date of formation: 9. 1. 1957
Population: 278,855
Currency: Russian ruble (RUB)
Calling code: 847
Colors: yellow, blue, white
Shapes: lotus, circle
Continent: ,
At the top of the coat of arms, which is meant as consciousness, there is a dorvn toolg - a symbol of the union of the four Oirat tribes - these are the origins of the Kalmyk people. This ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all peoples inhabiting the four corners of the world. In the central part of the coat of arms, where the soul is implied, there is a lancer of the hall.
The coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangich sulde is an image of "Ulan Zala" and "Khadak" in a circle of golden yellow color framed by the national ornament "zeg" on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white lotus flower. At the top of the coat of arms is an image of the ancient symbol of Derben - the Oirats - four circles fastened together.
Explanation:
At the top of the coat of arms, which is meant as consciousness, there is a dorvn toolg - a symbol of the union of the four Oirat tribes - these are the origins of the Kalmyk people. This ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all peoples inhabiting the four corners of the world.
In the central part of the coat of arms, where the soul is implied, there is a lancer of the hall.
Historical origin of the Ulan Hall:
In 1437, the Oirat leader Gogon-taisha signed a special decree on the obligatory wearing by the Oirat of the uhlan zala on their headdresses, as a distinctive sign from other peoples of the East.
In 1750, Dondeok Daishi issued a law confirming the above decree.
And finally, in 1822, at the Zenzelinsky meeting of Kalmyk noyons, zaisangs, lamas and gelungs, a decision was made: “Everyone should have a lancer on their cap and every man should wear a braid”...
Ulan Hall contains a symbolic meaning. When Buddhists pray and meditate, according to the teachings of the Buddha, a thousand-leaf white lotus opens at the back of the head. When they pray, they fold the palms of both hands and raise them above their heads. At this moment, according to Buddhist teachings, the door of consciousness opens. Then the worshipers touch their hands to the chin, mouth and chest, thereby opening the doors of speech and soul. This ritual carries with it the purification of the mind, consciousness, speech and soul, as well as the knowledge of the truth. This ritual also implied that a person’s consciousness was always open. Therefore, the wearing of a lancer hall (on the highest place - the head), symbolizing the sacred white lotus, was introduced.
In the circle framing the ulan hall and the dorvn toolg, a “zeg” ornament is depicted, testifying to the nomadic way of life in the past and the bright path of prosperity.
The basis of the coat of arms is a white lotus - a symbol of spiritual purity, rebirth and prosperity.
The coat of arms has blue, yellow and white colors.
Blue color means eternity, freedom and constancy. This is the favorite color of the steppe nomads. Yellow is the color of the religion of the people, it is the color of the skin and, finally, it is the personification of the fact that Kalmykia will always be sunny.
The Ulan hall is crowned with a white khadak. The white color means our peaceful views, friendly relations with all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond.
The author of the State Emblem of Kalmykia is the artist Erdneev Bata Badmaevich. The coat of arms was adopted based on the results of a competition for best project The State Emblem and State Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia, in which Badendaev S.N., Montyshev V.M., Khartskhaev D.Kh., Erdneev B.B. participated.
The flag of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangchin Tug is a rectangular panel of golden-yellow tsevt, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. The flag is attached to a staff topped with a red tip in the shape of a “tongue of flame” with the contour outlines on it of the ancient symbol of the Derben Oirotov - four crossed circles, at the base of which is the “Ulan of the Hall”. The aspect ratio of the flag is 1:2.
The yellow fabric of the flag, as well as the color of the coat of arms, signifies the religion of the people, the color of their skin, the sun-drenched republic. In the center of the flag there is a blue circle in which a white lotus is depicted, signifying the road to a bright future, to prosperity, well-being and happiness of the peoples of Kalmykia.
The author of the State Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is the artist Erdneev Bata Badmaevich. The flag was adopted based on the results of a competition for the best design of the State Emblem and State Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia, in which Badendaev S.N., Montyshev V.M., Khartskhaev D.Kh., Erdneev B.B. participated.
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