Works on the topic learn from mistakes. How to write an essay Experiences and mistakes based on the novel "Fathers and Sons"? Ray Bradbury "Green Morning"

Experience is the most best teacher, but the tuition fee is too high.

(T. Carlyle.)

Every person makes mistakes. What is an error? An error is an incorrectness in actions, deeds, thoughts, statements. This is something that I would not like to repeat, because it is perceived as negative. But, unfortunately, mistakes are made again and again. Is it always bad to make mistakes? No. On the one hand, making mistakes is necessary for a person. It is important to analyze the experience of each mistake in order to avoid them in the future, otherwise mistakes will not teach us anything. On the other hand, a series of the same mistakes can lead to serious consequences.

In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Prince Andrei goes to the war of 1805.

The reason for this act was the prince’s desire for “his Toulon”, for glory like Napoleon. Andrei desires power and worship. On the battlefield, Prince Andrei performs a heroic act - he raises the banner and leads the soldiers forward. But he is wounded, and the sky of Austerlitz opens before him (“How come I haven’t seen this high sky before? And how happy I am that I finally recognized it.<...>Everything is deception except this endless sky"). Having tasted death and looking at the high sky, the prince realizes that he has made a mistake and changes his position in life. In the future, Andrei continues his life's quest. He will also make a number of mistakes, but these mistakes will become experience for him to find the right path: a feeling of Christian love for Natasha, rapprochement with the people (“Our prince?”).

In the story "Morphine" M.A. Bulgakov shows how doctor Sergei Polyakov, who made a number of the same mistakes, becomes a drug addict. It all started when the doctor felt severe pain in the stomach area. Then the doctor was forced to inject morphine. The next day, Sergei did it again on his own (“I injected one centigram into my thigh myself”). It was addictive, but the doctor only consoled himself (“four injections are not terrible”). The need for morphine is growing more and more, the doctor’s behavior is changing (“For the first time I discovered in myself the unpleasant ability to get angry... to shout at people...”). Initially, this man understood that drug use could lead to irreversible consequences, but the state of euphoria forced him to take morphine again and again. The doctor realizes that he suffers from morphinism (“I am the unfortunate Doctor Polyakov, who fell ill with morphinism”), but does not lose hope for recovery, although this hope was desperate. The doctor's condition gradually deteriorated, and he already felt death was approaching. Desperate, the doctor soon commits suicide.

Thus, there is no experience without errors, these concepts are interconnected, but sometimes errors can lead to serious consequences.

Everyone is familiar with the Latin saying: “To err is human.” Indeed, on the path of life we ​​are doomed to constantly stumble in order to gain the necessary experience. But people do not always learn lessons even from their own mistakes. Then what can we say about other people’s mistakes? Can they teach us anything?

It seems to me that this question cannot be answered unequivocally. On the one hand, the entire history of mankind is a chronicle of fatal mistakes, without looking back at which it is impossible to move forward. For example, international rules of war, prohibiting brutal methods of combat, were developed and refined after the bloodiest wars... The traffic rules we are accustomed to are also the result of road mistakes that claimed the lives of many people in the past. The development of transplantology, which saves thousands of people today, became possible only thanks to the persistence of doctors, as well as the courage of patients who died from complications of the first operations.

On the other hand, does humanity always take into account the mistakes of world history? Of course not. Endless wars and revolutions continue, xenophobia flourishes, despite the convincing lessons of history.

In the life of an individual, I think the situation is the same. Depending on our own level of development and life priorities, each of us either ignores the mistakes of others or takes them into account. Let us remember the nihilist Bazarov from the novel. Turgenev's hero denies authorities, world experience, art, and human feelings. He thinks it needs to be destroyed social system to the ground, not taking into account the sad experience of the Great French Revolution. It turns out that Evgeniy is not able to learn a lesson from the mistakes of others. I.S. Turgenev warns readers about the results of neglecting universal human values. Despite his strength of character and outstanding mind, Bazarov dies because “nihilism” is a path to nowhere.

But main character A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” understands perfectly well that in order to save your life, you need to learn from the mistakes of others. Seeing how quickly prisoners who “lower themselves” for the sake of an extra piece die, Shukhov strives to preserve human dignity. Ivan Denisovich, watching the beggar Fetyukov, whom everyone despises, notes to himself: “He won’t live out his term. He doesn’t know how to pose himself.”. What allows Shukhov to make such a bitter conclusion? Probably observing the mistakes of other camp inmates, like Fetyukov, who became “jackals.”

It turns out that the ability to learn from other people’s mistakes is not common to everyone and not in all life situations. It seems to me that when a person gets older and wiser, he begins to treat the negative experiences of other people with more attention. And younger people tend to develop by making their own mistakes.

The material was prepared by the creator of the online school “SAMARUS”.

School essays on this topic, as an option for preparing for the final essay.

Essay: Pride

Pride is considered the root of every evil, the root of every sin, in contrast to humility, which is the path to grace. There are different forms of pride. The first form of pride refers to the belief that you are superior to others, or at least inclined to be equal to all people, and are in search of superiority.

Here's something very simple, but very powerful. Our tendency is to feel superior to others, or at least equal, but this also masks an attitude of superiority. This is a complex. When we are often tormented by thoughts, we feel embarrassed, the thought appears that someone has refused me something, that they have offended me or misunderstood me or are smarter than me or look better than me - and we begin to feel competition, jealousy or conflict . At the root of this problem lies our need to be better than others, higher, or at least to make sure that no one can be something better than us, something stronger than us. Something very simple that we don't understand. Rising, the proud man puts down his neighbor. Such exaltation actually has no value, since it is completely conditional. The very idea of ​​becoming better at the expense of another is simply absurd; such pride is actually insignificant.

This can only be overcome if there is room for love. If love is real and exists - this is clearly understood by how easily we overcome the attitude of winning over another to show that we are superior to him, not wanting to convince the other at any cost, not expecting him to necessarily identify with our opinion. If we do not have this attitude, we are not free, because we are slaves to the need to identify the other with our idea, our opinion, our theory. If we don't have this need, we are free.

Pride is a general concept, but when it comes to practical manifestations that affect us personally, we become irritated and stop seeing what is happening to us. We must respect everyone. Not everyone is equally capable by nature, character, everyone has different conditions. They are also relative, they change. Everyone is potentially ideal, just often far from this ideal. Therefore, pride simply does not make sense.

Why can pride be a negative feeling?

Pride is common to many people. In what cases can such a quality develop into a negative one? Another writer from France, Adrian Decourcel, called pride a slippery slope, and below a person there is vanity and arrogance. Thus, pride is easily transformed into arrogance, the bearer of which is not able to rejoice in the successes of others, but is entirely focused on his own.

It is well described in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. Rodion simply reveled in pride and even created his own theory. Confident in his exclusivity, the hero of the novel talked about the uselessness of some people, doubting the purpose of their lives. The result of his worldview was the murder of the old woman.

Humility, often perceived as weakness, goes very well with strength, as clearly demonstrated in “ The captain's daughter» Pushkin.

Masha Rodionova, who suffered a lot, was not broken. For the girl, Grinev’s parents were the authority. When they did not want to bless the couple for the wedding, Masha humbly reacted to the adults’ decision, eventually winning everyone’s respect, including Empress Catherine herself. That is, humility is the strength of a person.

Thus, we carried out a detailed comparative analysis the two above terms. It would seem that despite the fact that these are complete opposites, they have a huge number of similar parameters by which they can be compared. I expressed my point of view and in no way claim to be the ultimate truth.

What is the difference between pride and arrogance?

Pride. Pride. What do these concepts mean? What is the difference between pride and arrogance? Many poets and writers have thought about these questions. I believe that pride is a feeling associated with awareness of one's own dignity and independence. Pride is the highest measure of pride, arrogance. It is very important to have a sense of this illusory line between pride and arrogance.

To prove my thoughts, I will give an example from fiction. In the work of A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" Tatyana, one of the heroines, is presented as a lady from secular society. She is accompanied by the same general who is very proud of his wife.

The woman combines amazing character traits. It's easy to be around her because she constantly remains herself and does not try to falsely present herself in the best light. Tatyana sincerely confesses her feelings to Onegin and does not want to be disingenuous about it. The woman appreciates Eugene’s pride, but they are not destined to be together, since her heart is given to another.

To explain my point of view, I will give another example from fiction. In the work of M. A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don" shown tragic situation, in which Natalya Korshunova found herself. Her life lost meaning due to the lack of mutual love and fidelity on the part of her husband Gregory. And when she learned about the renewed infidelities of her beloved husband, she, being pregnant, came to the conclusion that she did not want to have any more children from him. Her pride and insults from her husband were the reason for this decision. Natalya did not want a child from a traitor. The abortion that the village grandmother performed was unsuccessful, and the heroine died.

To summarize what has been said, we can come to the conclusion that pride is a positively colored emotion that expresses the presence of self-esteem. And pride is excessive pride, which is accompanied by conceit and arrogance.

The theme of humility and rebellion in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky

The plot of Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment, at first glance, is quite banal: in St. Petersburg, one poor young man kills an old money-lender and her sister Lizaveta. However, the reader soon becomes convinced that this is not a simple crime, but a kind of challenge to society, the “masters of life,” caused by injustice, poverty, hopelessness and spiritual impasse of the hero of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov. To understand the reason for this terrible crime, we need to remember history. The time in which we lived characters works, was the sixties of the nineteenth century.
Russia at that time was experiencing an era of serious reforms in all spheres of life, which were supposed to modernize its political and social system in order to maintain the absolute power of the monarch.
It was then that the first women's gymnasiums, a course of real schools appeared in the country, and all classes had the opportunity to enter universities. Rodion Raskolnikov was one of these young people. He is a commoner and a former student. What were students like then?
These were progressive youth, people, as already mentioned, from various social strata Russian society. In a word, an environment in which a “ferment of minds” had already begun: young people of that time were looking for ways to socially and morally renew Russia. Revolutionary thought and “rebellious” sentiments were ripening in universities.
Rodion Raskolnikov, pursuing the absolutely merciful goals of liberating dozens of spiritually rich people from material poverty, formulates his theory, according to which he divides all people into “trembling creatures” and “those who have the right.” The first are the wordless, humble crowd, and the second are those who are allowed everything. He considers himself and a few other “chosen” individuals to be “exceptional” personalities, and everyone else to be “humbled” by those who are “humbled.”
“Everything is in the hands of a person, and he misses everything out of sheer cowardice,” thinks Raskolnikov.
If the world is so terrible that it is impossible to accept it, to come to terms with social injustice, then it means that we must separate ourselves, become higher than this world.
Either obedience or rebellion - there is no third option!
And there were such circles and waves from his thoughts that all the rot, all the stench that was lurking at the bottom of his soul, climbed up and became exposed.
Raskolnikov decides to cross the line that separates “great” people from the crowd. And this very trait for him becomes murder: this is how the young man mercilessly judges this world, judges with his personal “punishing sword.” After all, according to Rodion’s thoughts, the murder of a worthless old woman, who only causes harm to people, is not evil, but rather good. Yes, everyone will only say thank you for this!
However, the unplanned murder of the unfortunate “humble” Lizaveta for the first time makes Raskolnikov doubt the correctness of his theory, and then the tragic tossing of the hero begins.
His “rebellious” mind enters into an insoluble dispute with his spiritual essence. And a terrible tragedy of the PERSON is born.
The theme of humility and the theme of rebellion collide on the pages of the novel in all its insoluble contradiction, turning into a painful dispute about a person that Dostoevsky waged with himself all his life. Raskolnikov’s “rebellious” worldview and Sonya Marmeladova’s “humble” thoughts reflected the author’s own bitter thoughts about human nature and social reality.
“Thou shalt not kill,” says one of the commandments.
Rodion Raskolnikov violated this commandment - and crossed himself out of the world of people.
“I didn’t kill the old lady, I killed myself,” the hero admits to Sonya Marmeladova. Having committed a crime, he transgressed the formal law, but could not transgress the moral law.
The tragedy of the “rebel” Raskolnikov is that, having made an attempt to escape from the world of evil, he is mistaken and suffers a terrible punishment for his crime: the collapse of his idea, repentance and pangs of conscience.
Dostoevsky rejects the revolutionary transformation of the world, and the theme of “humility” at the end of the novel sounds quite victorious and convincing: Raskolnikov finds peace of mind in faith in God. The truth is suddenly revealed to him: merciful goals cannot be achieved through violence.
Only in hard labor does the hero realize that it is not violence, but love for people that can change the world.

Dostoevsky's novel remains relevant today. We also live in an era of change. The level of public life is increasing every year.
The theme of humility with the surrounding reality and the theme of rebellion against social injustice wanders in the minds of modern Russians.
Perhaps someone is ready to take up axes. But is it worth it?
After all, ideas can turn out to be a destructive force, both for the person himself and for society as a whole.

Thematic direction

« EXPERIENCE AND MISTAKES »

Universal introduction

According to D. Ushakov’s dictionary, an error is an incorrectness in actions, deeds, statements, thoughts, an error. And in the same dictionary we read: “Experience is the totality of practically acquired knowledge, skills and abilities.” As we see, there is a very close connection between these concepts. Indeed, our life is a series of different actions, decisions, it is an everyday choice, as a result of which we are not immune from mistakes. But by doing them, analyzing the reasons for failures, we gain valuable life experience.

Possible entry

• A person tries to achieve certain goals throughout his life, although he often makes mistakes and blunders. People cope with difficulties in different ways: some become depressed, others try to start over, and many set new goals for themselves, given the sad experience in achieving previous ones. In my opinion, this is the meaning of human life.

• Life is an eternal search for yourself, a constant struggle for your destiny. And if “wounds” and “abrasions” appear in the struggle to achieve a goal, then this is not a reason for despondency, because these are our own mistakes, to which we have the right and, overcoming which, we gain invaluable life experience.

Proverbs that can be used in the introduction

"You learn from mistakes"

“Everything that is done is for the better”

“Only those who do nothing make no mistakes”

“If you knew where to fall, there would definitely be straws

I would lay it down"

Possible theses

• Bitter experience. Irreparable mistakes. The price of mistakes.

(Sometimes a person commits actions that lead to tragic consequences. And, although he eventually understands that he made a mistake, nothing can be corrected. Often the cost of a mistake is someone’s life)

Arguments

Let's go back to the story A. Mass "Trap". It describes the action of a girl named Valentina...

Let's remember the story "Holidays" Ray Bradbury , whose heroes wished to be left alone in the world. What came of this?...

And in the story K.G. Paustovsky “Telegram” it talks about a girl Nastya, who is too busy with business and hardly remembers her mother, who is living out her life in the village.

Nikolai Dmitrievich Teleshov “White Heron” (fairy tale)

Possible theses

2. Mistakes without which it is impossible to move along life path. By making mistakes, a person gains experience.

(Is it possible to live life without making mistakes? I think not. A person walking along the path of life is not immune from a wrong step. And sometimes, precisely thanks to mistakes, he gains valuable life experience and learns a lot)

Arguments

• Let's go back to the story V. A. Oseeva “Why?” . It talks about a little boy who...
• Sometimes it takes a long time to realize your mistake, and it's good if it happens before it's too late to correct it. To the heroine of the story B. Ekimova “Speak, Mom, Speak” It took years to realize how important her daughter's attention was to her mother.

Possible arguments

3. Experience that prevents errors.

( Life is the best teacher. Sometimes difficult situations arise when a person must accept right decision. Doing right choice, we gain invaluable experience that helps us avoid mistakes in the future)

Arguments

In the story B. Ekimova “Night of Healing” the author tells the story of a teenager Grisha, who comes to visit his grandmother on vacation...

The author seems to want to tell us: it is necessary to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings. This is precisely the life experience that guides us along the right path and helps us avoid many mistakes.

Arguments

In the story A. Mass "Difficult exam" it talks about a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to withstand a difficult test...

It was this incident that taught the heroine to control herself and her feelings. The first experience of overcoming difficulties helped the girl achieve her goal - she later became a famous actress.

Arguments

By making this or that choice, we learn a lot. However, not only our own experience is valuable to us; other people play an important role in our lives, whose actions influence our worldview. Yes, in the story V. Rasputin “French Lessons” talking about the teacher...

It seems that such life experience will help the boy grow up as a sensitive person and protect him from indifference.

Possible theses

4. Human experience. Historical experience. War.

(People who know their history also know about great tragedy war. The bitter experience of the harsh war years teaches us not to forget how much grief and suffering war can bring. We must remember this so that the tragedy does not repeat itself again and again)

Arguments

The tragedy of the war is also shown in the story M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”...

Andrei Sokolov, recalling the recent past, says: “I had a family, my own home, all this was put together over the years, and everything collapsed in one moment, I was left alone.” This is how war interferes in a person’s life, destroys his home, his destiny.

Arguments

• The basis of the story B. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet” an episode, insignificant in the enormous scale of the Great Patriotic War, but it is told about him in such a way that all its horrors appear before your eyes in their ugly, terrible discrepancy with the essence of man. It is emphasized both by the fact that the work is titled “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet” and by the fact that its heroes are girls forced to participate in the war.

Arguments

• L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” (episode of the death of Petya Rostov)
• B. Vasiliev “Not on the lists”

Possible theses

5. Human experience. Attitude to nature.

(What does the experience of mankind, our entire history, teach us? One of the most important lessons is the lesson of caring for the Earth, for nature.)

Arguments

N. N. Nosov “Doll”;

V.P. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”;

V.G. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”;

Ray Bradbury "GREEN MORNING"

Homework(by Monday) – optional

• How do you understand Heinrich Heine’s statement: “Morality is the mind of the heart”?
• What helps you make a choice between honor and dishonor in difficult times?
• What effect do the victories and defeats of his country have on a person?
• Is life possible without mistakes?
• Parents and children: friendship or enmity.

Prepared by a teacher from the MBOU "Roshchinskaya Secondary School" of the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region

Fedorova Tamara Ivanovna

Site materials used

http://sochitog.ru/obshee/obshee.html

Do you need to analyze your mistakes? In order to reveal the topic at hand, it is necessary to determine the definitions of basic concepts. What is experience? And what are errors? Experience is the knowledge and skills that a person has acquired in each of life situations. Errors are incorrectness in actions, deeds, statements, thoughts. These two concepts that cannot exist without each other, they are tightly connected. The more experience, the fewer mistakes you make - this is a common truth. But you can’t gain experience without making mistakes – this is a harsh reality. Every person stumbles in his life, makes mistakes, does stupid things. We cannot do without this; it is the ups and downs that teach us how to live. Only by making mistakes and learning from problematic life situations can we develop. That is, it is possible and even necessary to make mistakes and go astray, but the main thing is to analyze mistakes and correct them.

Very often in world fiction, writers touch on the topic of mistakes and experience. So, for example, in the epic novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy, one of the main characters, Pierre Bezukhov, spent all his time in the company of Kuragin and Dolokhov, leading an idle lifestyle, not burdened by worries, sorrows and thoughts. But, gradually realizing that panache and social promenade are empty and pointless pursuits, he understands that this is not for him. But he was too young and ignorant: to draw such conclusions, one must rely on experience. The hero cannot immediately understand the people around him, and very often makes mistakes in them. This is clearly manifested in the relationship with Helen Kuragina. Later he realizes that their marriage was a mistake, he was deceived by “marble shoulders”. Some time after the divorce, he enters into Masonic lodge and, apparently, finds himself. Bezukhov is engaged social activities, meets with interesting people, in a word, his personality acquires integrity. A loving and devoted wife, healthy children, close friends, interesting work are the components of a happy and full life. Pierre Bezukhov is exactly the person who, through trial and error, finds his meaning of existence.

Another example can be found in the story “The Enchanted Wanderer” by N.S. Leskova. The main character, Ivan Severyanych Flyagin, had to drink the bitter cup of trial and error. It all started with an accident in his youth: the mischief of a young postilion cost the life of an old monk. Ivan was born the “promised son” and from his very birth was destined to serve God. His life leads from one misfortune to another, from trial to trial, until his soul is cleansed and brings the hero to the monastery. He will die for a long time and will not die. He had to pay for many things for his mistakes: love, freedom (he was a prisoner in the Kyrgyz-Kaisak steppes), health (he was recruited). But this bitter experience taught him better than any persuasion and demands that one cannot escape fate. The hero’s calling from the very beginning was religion, but the young man with ambitions, hopes and passions could not consciously accept the rank, which is required by the specifics of the church service. Faith in a priest must be unshakable, otherwise how will he help parishioners find it? It was a thorough analysis of his own mistakes that could lead him to the path of true service to God.