"War and Peace": characters. "War and Peace": characteristics of the main characters

In his novel, Tolstoy portrayed a number of heroes. It is not for nothing that the author presents detailed descriptions of the characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which the components of wholes noble families, show the reader a reflection of people who lived during the war with Napoleon. In "War and Peace" we see the Russian spirit, features historical events, characteristic of the period of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. The greatness of the Russian soul is shown against the background of these events.

If you make a list of characters ("War and Peace"), you will only get about 550-600 heroes. However, they are not all equally important to the narrative. "War and Peace" is a novel whose characters can be divided into three main groups: main, minor characters and simply mentioned in the text. Among them there are both fictional and historical figures, as well as heroes who have prototypes among the writer’s environment. This article will introduce the main characters. "War and Peace" is a work in which the Rostov family is described in detail. So let's start with it.

Ilya Andreevich Rostov

This is a count who had four children: Petya, Nikolai, Vera and Natasha. Ilya Andreevich is a very generous and kind-hearted person who loved life. As a result, his excessive generosity led to wastefulness. Rostov is a loving father and husband. He is a good organizer of receptions and balls. But living in grand style, as well as selfless assistance to wounded soldiers and the departure of Russians from Moscow dealt fatal blows to his condition. Ilya Andreevich’s conscience constantly tormented him because of the approaching poverty of his relatives, but he could not help himself. After the death of Petya, his youngest son, the count was broken, but perked up as he prepared the wedding of Pierre Bezukhov and Natasha. Count Rostov dies a few months after these characters get married. “War and Peace” (Tolstoy) is a work in which the prototype of this hero is Ilya Andreevich, Tolstoy’s grandfather.

Natalya Rostova (wife of Ilya Andreevich)

This 45-year-old woman, the wife of Rostov and the mother of four children, had some oriental. Those around her regarded the focus of sedateness and slowness in her as solidity, as well as her high significance for the family. However the real reason These manners lie in a weak and exhausted physical condition due to childbirth and the energy devoted to raising children. Natalya loves her family and children very much, so she was almost driven crazy by the news of Petya’s death. Countess Rostova, like Ilya Andreevich, loved luxury and demanded that everyone follow her orders. In her you can find the features of Tolstoy’s grandmother, Pelageya Nikolaevna.

Nikolay Rostov

This hero is the son of Ilya Andreevich. He is a loving son and brother, respects his family, but at the same time faithfully serves in the army, which is a very important and significant feature in his characterization. He often saw even his fellow soldiers as a second family. Although Nikolai was in love for a long time with Sonya, his cousin, he still marries Marya Bolkonskaya at the end of the novel. Nikolay Rostov - very energetic person, with “open and curly hair. His love for the Russian emperor and patriotism never dried up. Having gone through the hardships of the war, Nikolai becomes a brave and courageous hussar. He retires after the death of Ilya Andreevich in order to improve the financial situation of the family and pay off debts and finally become good husband for your wife. Tolstoy sees this hero as a prototype of his own father. As you have probably already noticed, the presence of prototypes in many heroes characterizes the character system. "War and Peace" is a work in which the morals of the nobility are presented through the features of the family of Tolstoy, who was a count.

Natasha Rostova

This is the Rostovs' daughter. A very emotional and energetic girl who was considered ugly, but attractive and lively. Natasha is not very smart, but at the same time she is intuitive, as she could “guess people” well, their character traits and mood. This heroine is very impetuous and prone to self-sacrifice. She dances and sings beautifully, which was the case at that time important characteristic a girl belonging to a secular society. Leo Tolstoy repeatedly emphasizes Natasha's main quality - closeness to the Russian people. It absorbed nations and Russian culture. Natasha lives in an atmosphere of love, happiness and kindness, but after a while the girl is faced with a harsh reality. Blows of fate, as well as heartfelt experiences, make this heroine an adult and ultimately give her true love to her husband, Pierre Bezukhov. The story of the rebirth of Natasha’s soul deserves special respect. She began attending church after becoming the victim of a deceitful seducer. Natasha is a collective image, the prototype of which was Tolstoy’s daughter-in-law, Tatyana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, as well as her sister (the author’s wife) Sofya Andreevna.

Vera Rostova

This heroine is the daughter of the Rostovs ("War and Peace"). The character portraits created by the author are distinguished by their diversity of characters. Vera, for example, was famous for her strict disposition, as well as for the inappropriate, although fair, remarks she made in society. Her mother, for some unknown reason, did not love her very much, and Vera felt this acutely, and therefore often went against everyone. This girl later became the wife of Boris Drubetsky. The prototype of the heroine is Lev Nikolaevich (Elizabeth Bers).

Peter Rostov

The Rostovs' son, still just a boy. Petya, growing up, was eager to go to war as a young man, and his parents could not stop him. He escaped from their tutelage and joined Denisov’s regiment. In the very first battle, Petya dies before he has even had time to fight. The death of their beloved son greatly devastated the family.

Sonya

With this heroine we finish the description of the characters ("War and Peace") belonging to the Rostov family. Sonya, a nice miniature girl, was Ilya Andreevich’s own niece and lived her whole life under his roof. Love for Nikolai became fatal for her, since she failed to marry him. Natalya Rostova, the old countess, was against this marriage, since the lovers were cousins. Sonya acted nobly, refusing Dolokhov and deciding to love only Nikolai all her life, freeing him from the promise given to her. She spends the rest of her life in the care of Nikolai Rostov, under the old countess.

The prototype of this heroine is Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya, the writer’s second cousin.

Not only the Rostovs in the work are the main characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which the Bolkonsky family also plays a large role.

Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky

This is the father of Andrei Bolkonsky, general-in-chief in the past, in the present - a prince who has earned a nickname in Russian secular society"Prussian king" He is socially active, strict like a father, pedantic, and a wise owner of the estate. Outwardly, he is a thin old man with thick eyebrows that hang over intelligent and penetrating eyes, wearing a powdered white wig. Nikolai Andreevich does not like to show his feelings even to his beloved daughter and son. He torments Marya with constant nagging. Prince Nikolai, sitting on his estate, follows the events taking place in the country, and only before his death he loses the idea of ​​​​the scale of the Russian war with Napoleon. Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky, the writer’s grandfather, was the prototype of this prince.

Andrey Bolkonsky

This is the son of Nikolai Andreevich. He is ambitious, like his father, and is reserved in expressing his feelings, but he loves his sister and father very much. Andrei is married to Lisa, the “little princess.” He made a successful military career. Andrey philosophizes a lot about the meaning of life, the state of his spirit. He is in constant search. In Natasha Rostova, after the death of his wife, he found hope for himself, because he saw a real, and not a fake, as in secular society, girl, and therefore fell in love with her. Having proposed to this heroine, he was forced to go abroad for treatment, which became a test of their feelings. The wedding ended up being cancelled. Andrei went to war with Napoleon, where he was seriously wounded and died as a result. Until the end of his days, Natasha devotedly looked after him.

Marya Bolkonskaya

This is Andrei's sister, daughter of Prince Nikolai. She is very meek, ugly, but kind-hearted and also very rich. Her devotion to religion serves as an example of meekness and kindness to many. Marya unforgettably loves her father, who often pesters her with his reproaches and ridicule. This girl also loves her brother. She did not immediately accept Natasha as her future daughter-in-law, since she seemed too frivolous for Andrei. After all the hardships, Marya marries Nikolai Rostov.

Its prototype is Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, Tolstoy’s mother.

Pierre Bezukhov (Peter Kirillovich)

The main characters of the novel "War and Peace" would not be fully listed if Pierre Bezukhov were not mentioned. This hero plays one of the most important roles in the work. He has experienced a lot of pain and mental trauma, and has a noble and kind disposition. Lev Nikolaevich himself loves Pierre very much. Bezukhov, as a friend of Andrei Bolkonsky, is very responsive and devoted. Despite the intrigues weaving under his nose, Pierre did not lose trust in people and did not become embittered. By marrying Natasha, he finally found the happiness and grace that he lacked with his first wife, Helen. At the end of the work, his desire to change the political foundations in Russia is noticeable; one can even guess from afar Pierre’s Decembrist sentiments.

These are the main characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which a large role is given to such historical figures, like Kutuzov and Napoleon, as well as some other commanders-in-chief. Other social groups besides the nobility are also represented (merchants, burghers, peasantry, army). The list of characters ("War and Peace") is quite impressive. However, our task is to consider only the main characters.

Materials for 10th grade students to compile a table for a lesson on the topic “The Spiritual Quest of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov.” The table should have four columns: the main period (it is named and marked with a Roman numeral), a description of the actions of Andrei Bolkonsky at this time (marked "AB") and Pierre Bezukhov (marked "PB"). The fourth column of the table is short quotes, examples of episodes illustrating the corresponding points of the table (you should look for them in the indicated chapters).

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General

periods

Bolkonsky's life path. "Road of Honor"

Pierre Bezukhov. "...you see what a kind and nice fellow I am"

I. First acquaintance. Attitude towards secular society

Andrey Bolkonsky:

Evening in the salon of A.P. Scherer. Relationships with others. Why is he a “stranger” here? (vol. 1. part 1. chapter III--IV)

Pierre Bezukhov:

Origin. Evening at A.P. Scherer's. Attitude towards others. Where did you come from? How does he behave? (vol. 1. part 1. chapter II--V)

Portrait. Speech. Behavior. Comparison with other heroes

II. Life mistakes - erroneous dreams and actions - crisis:

AB:

Service in the army, at Kutuzov's headquarters. Attitude towards officers and officers towards him. Secret dream of heroism (vol. 1. part 1. chapter III, XII).

Shengraben. Why does Prince Andrei join Bagration’s army? The goal of the Battle of Shengraben. Episode at the Tushin battery.

War council after the battle. Prince Andrei's honest act. The feeling that “all this is not right” (vol. 1. part 2. chapter XXI).

Austerlitz. The feat of Prince Andrei. Wound. Meeting with my idol, Napoleon. The feeling of the insignificance of what is happening (vol. 1. part 3. chapters XVI--XIX)

PB:

Revelry in the company of Anatoly Kuragin. The story with the quarterly. Fighting with yourself, with your contradictory impulses (vol. 1, part 1, chapter VI, part 3, chapters I--II. vol. 2, part 1, chapter IV--VI.)

Marriage to Helen Kuragina. Realizing the madness of this step. Gradual conflict with the secular environment (vol. 2. part 2. chapter I)

Portrait. Speech. Behavior.

III. Spiritual crisis

AB:

Return after injury. Death of his wife. Disappointment in ambitious dreams. The desire to move away from society, limiting itself to family problems (raising a son) (vol. 2. part 2. chapter XI).

PB:

Spiritual crisis.

At a crossroads

IV. A gradual awakening from the moral crisis and the desire to be useful to the Fatherland.

AB:

New disappointment, crisis

Progressive transformations in estates (vol. 2, part 3, chapter I).

Visit to Otradny on guardianship matters. Meeting with an oak tree. Conversation with Pierre on the ferry (vol. 2, part 3, chapters I--III).

Participation in the legislative activities of Speransky and disappointment in it (vol. 2. part 3. chapters IV--VI, XVIII).

Love for Natasha and breaking up with her

PB:

Gradual "awakening" from the crisis.

The desire for moral improvement; passion for Freemasonry. Attempt to reorganize activities Masonic lodges(Vol. 2, Part 2, Chapter III, XI, XII, Vol. 2, Part 3, Chapter VII).

An attempt to benefit the peasants; transformations in the village (vol. 2. part 2. chapter X).

Disappointment both in public endeavors and in personal ones (vol. 2. part 5. chapter I)

V. Prince Andrey during the War of 1812. Getting closer to the people, giving up ambitious dreams.

Pierre and the War of 1812.

AB:

Refusal to serve at headquarters. Relations with officers (vol. 3. part 1. chapter XI; part 2. chapter V, XXV).

The attitude of the soldiers towards Prince Andrei. What does the fact that he was called “our prince” indicate? How does Andrey talk about the defense of Smolensk? His thoughts about the French invaders. Participation in the Battle of Borodino, injury (vol. 3. part 2. chapter IV--V, XIX--XXXVI)

PB:

Pierre and the War of 1812. On the Borodino field. Raevsky's mound - observation of the fighters. Why is Pierre called “our master”? The role of Borodin in the life of Pierre.

The thought of killing Napoleon. Life in abandoned Moscow (vol. 3, part 1, chapter XXII; part 2, chapter XX, XXXI--XXXII; part 3, chapters IX, XXVII, XXXIII--XXXV)

VI. The last moments of life and death of Andrei Bolkonsky. Further fate Pierre Bezukhov

AB:

Meeting with Anatoly Kuragin in the hospital - forgiveness. A meeting with Natasha means forgiveness.

Death. Andrei's internal state before death (vol. 3. part 2. chapter XXXVII; vol. 3. part 3. chapter XXX--XXXII)

PB:

The role of captivity in the fate of Pierre. Acquaintance with Platon Karataev (vol. 4. part 1. chapter X--XIII)

Dialogue, internal monologue, portrait, comparison with other prisoners

VII. After the war with Napoleon. (Epilogue).

AB:

The son of Andrei Bolkonsky is Nikolenka. A conversation with Pierre, in which there is an assumption that Andrei would become a member of a secret society. Epilogue. Part 1. Ch. XIII

PB:

The role of family in Pierre's life. Love for Natasha and Natasha's love.љ Participation in secret societies. Epilogue. Part 1 Ch. V.

Introduction

Leo Tolstoy in his epic depicted more than 500 characters typical of Russian society. In War and Peace, the heroes of the novel are representatives of the upper class of Moscow and St. Petersburg, key government and military figures, soldiers, people from the common people, and peasants. The depiction of all layers of Russian society allowed Tolstoy to recreate a complete picture of Russian life in one of the turning points Russian history - the era of the wars with Napoleon 1805-1812.

In War and Peace, the characters are conventionally divided into main characters - whose fates are woven by the author into the plot narrative of all four volumes and the epilogue, and secondary - heroes who appear sporadically in the novel. Among the main characters of the novel are central characters- Andrei Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov, around whose destinies the events of the novel unfold.

Characteristics of the main characters of the novel

Andrey Bolkonsky- “a very handsome young man with definite and dry features”, “short stature.” The author introduces Bolkonsky to the reader at the beginning of the novel - the hero was one of the guests at Anna Scherer's evening (where many of the main characters of Tolstoy's War and Peace were also present).

According to the plot of the work, Andrei was tired of high society, he dreamed of glory, no less than the glory of Napoleon, which is why he goes to war. The episode that changed Bolkonsky’s worldview was the meeting with Bonaparte - wounded on the field of Austerlitz, Andrei realized how insignificant Bonaparte and all his glory really were. The second turning point in Bolkonsky’s life is his love for Natasha Rostova. The new feeling helped the hero return to a full life, to believe that after the death of his wife and everything he had suffered, he could continue to live fully. However, their happiness with Natasha was not destined to come true - Andrei was mortally wounded during the Battle of Borodino and soon died.

Natasha Rostova- a cheerful, kind, very emotional girl who knows how to love: “dark-eyed, with a big mouth, ugly, but lively.” An important feature of the image of the central character of “War and Peace” is her musical talent - a beautiful voice that even people inexperienced in music were fascinated by. The reader meets Natasha on the girl’s name day, when she turns 12 years old. Tolstoy depicts the moral maturation of the heroine: love experiences, going out into the world, Natasha’s betrayal of Prince Andrei and her worries because of this, the search for herself in religion and the turning point in the heroine’s life – the death of Bolkonsky. In the epilogue of the novel, Natasha appears to the reader completely different - before us is more the shadow of her husband, Pierre Bezukhov, and not the bright, active Rostova, who a few years ago danced Russian dances and “won” carts for the wounded from her mother.

Pierre Bezukhov- “a massive, fat young man with a cropped head and glasses.” “Pierre was somewhat larger than the other men in the room,” he had “an intelligent and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in this living room.” Pierre is a hero who is in constant search of himself through knowledge of the world around him. Every situation in his life, every stage of life became a special life lesson for the hero. Marriage to Helen, passion for Freemasonry, love for Natasha Rostova, presence on the field of the Borodino battle (which the hero sees precisely through the eyes of Pierre), French captivity and acquaintance with Karataev completely change Pierre’s personality - a purposeful and self-confident man with own views and goals.

Other important characters

In War and Peace, Tolstoy conventionally identifies several blocks of characters - the Rostov, Bolkonsky, Kuragin families, as well as characters, included in the social circle of one of these families. Rostov and Bolkonsky as goodies, bearers of truly Russian mentality, ideas and spirituality, are contrasted negative characters Kuragin, who had little interest in the spiritual aspect of life, preferring to shine in society, weave intrigues and choose acquaintances according to their status and wealth. It will help to better understand the essence of each main character brief description heroes of War and Peace.

Graph Ilya Andreevich Rostov- a kind and generous man, for whom the most important thing in his life was family. The Count sincerely loved his wife and four children (Natasha, Vera, Nikolai and Petya), helped his wife in raising their children and did his best to maintain a warm atmosphere in the Rostov house. Ilya Andreevich cannot live without luxury, he liked to organize magnificent balls, receptions and evenings, but his wastefulness and inability to manage economic affairs ultimately led to the critical financial situation of the Rostovs.
Countess Natalya Rostova is a 45-year-old woman with oriental features, who knows how to make an impression in high society, the wife of Count Rostov, and the mother of four children. The Countess, like her husband, loved her family very much, trying to support her children and educate them best qualities. Because of excessive love to the children, after Petya’s death the woman almost goes crazy. In the countess, kindness towards loved ones was combined with prudence: wanting to improve the financial situation of the family, the woman tries with all her might to upset Nikolai’s marriage to the “unprofitable bride” Sonya.

Nikolay Rostov- “a short, curly-haired young man with an open expression on his face.” This is a simple-minded, open, honest and friendly young man, Natasha’s brother, the eldest son of the Rostovs. At the beginning of the novel, Nikolai appears as an admiring young man who wants military glory and recognition, but after participating first in the Battle of Shengrabe, and then in the Battle of Austerlitz, Patriotic War, Nikolai’s illusions are dispelled and the hero understands how absurd and wrong the very idea of ​​war is. Nikolai finds personal happiness in his marriage to Marya Bolkonskaya, in whom he felt a like-minded person even at their first meeting.

Sonya Rostova- “a thin, petite brunette with a soft look, shaded by long eyelashes, a thick black braid that wrapped around her head twice, and a yellowish tint to the skin on her face,” the niece of Count Rostov. According to the plot of the novel, she is a quiet, reasonable, kind girl who knows how to love and is prone to self-sacrifice. Sonya refuses Dolokhov, because she wants to be faithful only to Nikolai, whom she sincerely loves. When the girl finds out that Nikolai is in love with Marya, she meekly lets him go, not wanting to interfere with the happiness of her loved one.

Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky- Prince, retired General Chief. He is a proud, intelligent, strict man of short stature, “with small dry hands and gray drooping eyebrows, which sometimes, as he frowned, obscured the brilliance of his intelligent and youthful sparkling eyes.” Deep down, Bolkonsky loves his children very much, but does not dare to show it (only before his death was he able to show his daughter his love). Nikolai Andreevich died from the second blow while in Bogucharovo.

Marya Bolkonskaya- a quiet, kind, meek girl, prone to self-sacrifice and sincerely loving her family. Tolstoy describes her as a heroine with “an ugly weak body and a thin face,” but “the princess’s eyes, large, deep and radiant (as if rays of warm light sometimes came out of them in sheaves), were so beautiful that very often, despite the ugliness of everything their faces and eyes became more attractive than beauty.” The beauty of Marya’s eyes later amazed Nikolai Rostov. The girl was very pious, devoted herself entirely to caring for her father and nephew, then redirecting her love to her own family and husband.

Helen Kuragina- a bright, brilliantly beautiful woman with an “unchanging smile” and full white shoulders, who liked male company, Pierre’s first wife. Helen was not particularly intelligent, but thanks to her charm, ability to keep herself in society and establish necessary connections, set up her own salon in St. Petersburg, was personally acquainted with Napoleon. The woman died of a severe sore throat (although there were rumors in society that Helen had committed suicide).

Anatol Kuragin- Helen's brother, as handsome in appearance and noticeable in high society as his sister. Anatole lived the way he wanted, throwing everything away moral principles and foundations, organized drinking parties and brawls. Kuragin wanted to steal Natasha Rostova and marry her, although he was already married.

Fedor Dolokhov- “a man of average height, curly hair and with light eyes,” an officer of the Semenovsky regiment, one of the leaders partisan movement. Fedor’s personality amazingly combined selfishness, cynicism and adventurism with the ability to love and care for his loved ones. (Nikolai Rostov is very surprised that at home, with his mother and sister, Dolokhov is completely different - a loving and gentle son and brother).

Conclusion

Even brief description heroes of Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” allows us to see the close and inextricable relationship between the destinies of the characters. Like all events in the novel, the meetings and farewells of the characters take place according to the irrational, elusive law of historical mutual influences. It is these incomprehensible mutual influences that create the destinies of the heroes and shape their views on the world.

Work test

Biography of L. N. Tolstoy. Part 1

As they watch, students write down biographical facts and dates. This video was created based on materials from institute lectures and gives an idea not only of the writer’s life, but also of his ideological positions, creativity, aesthetic views. Perhaps a little drawn out and boring.

Biography of L. N. Tolstoy, part 2

This video was made 2 years after part 1, when I already had the opportunity to insert fragments of documentaries about writers into films. In my opinion, this is a more interesting option than the first. But the question is: is it possible to work with them in literature lessons? It seems to me that they are long, one voice somehow distracts attention, but, undoubtedly, you can take something from here for yourself.

Actually, there was no video before, it was my lecture. She was dictating something. I haven’t worked with the video in class yet. I think I will slow him down and give him the opportunity to write something down. Children fill out the table: dates, works, life events, worldviews. Actually, of course, the film is cumbersome. Moreover, it has a 2nd part. I think I'll make do with a lecture anyway. I just gave the video as an example.

The presentation contains an animated diagram (according to Fogelson), which represents the rise and fall of Prince Andrei: the Battle of Austerlitz, night in Otradnoye, etc. The slides contain questions and tasks that students prepare for at home; during the lesson, students present coherent answers. The slides also contain illustrations, audio and video files.

Maybe I’ll express a seditious thought now, but I consider it unacceptable to study such important and voluminous works as L.N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace” in 11 lessons, as recommended in the program edited by. V. Ya. Korovina. Previously, we always studied this work textually, immersing ourselves in the text, analyzing it deeply. Now we are invited to immediately study in one lesson life's quest Prince Andrei and Pierre, in another lesson - female images, on the third - images of Kutuzov and Napoleon. And it’s like not giving students any time to read and comprehend what they read. There can be no question of any reading with this approach. I am absolutely against this and will disrupt the program and planning by any means, but I will study the novel as before: volume 1, volume 2, volume 3, volume 4, and then I will conduct general lessons. Then students will have enough time to at least partially read the novel and more or less understand L.N. Tolstoy.

A big problem for school learning of long works is that students do not read these works. Many of us can boast that we read L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” in in full at school? Teachers in different ways They tried to control us and force us to read it. My teacher used a form in her work called a 10-minute survey. Everyone was given a card (individual), they could use a book, but if you didn’t read, then no book could help you. These works were of a proactive nature: for example, in this lesson we wrote answers on cards, and in the next lesson the teacher created a survey on the same questions.

I went a slightly different route. I give these cards home. Every student knows what question they will be asked in the next lesson. As T. A. Kalganova calls them, these are task cards that organize interactive learning. The student consciously includes his knowledge, acquired at home, into the lesson, and feels responsible in preparing for the lesson, since his answer is woven into the general chain of reasoning. In addition, with such a system, it does not happen that a student does not prepare for a lesson and receives a “2”.

Another secret of these cards is that they are multi-level and embody a differentiated approach to learning. Category B cards are designed for children reproducing knowledge. Such a student can independently read the text, retell it, prepare an expressive reading of the episode, but it is difficult for him to compare, draw conclusions, especially answer questions. problematic issues. Category B cards are designed for students who can make small inferences and find telling details and key words in the text. Category A cards for children who can answer problematic questions, create their own text, analyze an episode, compare phenomena and characters. Such cards are feasible for students. If a student does not have time to read half of the volume from lesson to lesson (and this often happens), then he can only read the key episode, and the rest will be told by his comrades in class.

And here are the cards Kurdyumova offers (I wrote them down a long time ago at a refresher course)

Volume 2 Card 1

1. What attracted Pierre to Freemasonry ?
2. What lies at the heart of the relationship between Pierre and Andrey?

Volume 2 Card 2. Trip to Otradnoye

Features of the artistic style of L. N. Tolstoy

Volume 2 Card 3. Natasha's first ball

What could have caused L. N. Tolstoy to cry “beautiful”?

Volume 2 Card 4. Natasha's dance

Volume 2 Card 5. Natasha's kidnapping

1. What lies at the heart of the friendship between Anatoly and Dolokhov?
2. How does the author himself feel about Natasha’s action?

Volume 3 Card 6. The beginning of the War of 1812

1. How does Tolstoy assess the role of personality in history?
2. What importance does he attach to the private and “swarm” life of a person?

Volume 3 Card 7. Crossing of the Polish lancers across the Neman

How does the writer reveal his attitude towards Bonapartism?

Volume 3 Card 8. Pierre at the beginning of the war

How does Pierre's mental turmoil characterize him?

Volume 3 Card 9. Fire in Smolensk and retreat

1. What common feeling do residents and soldiers have?
2. How do the soldiers treat Prince Andrei and why?

Volume 3 Card 10. In St. Petersburg salons

What underlies the “interconnection” of the episodes “The Fire of Smolensk” and “The Life of St. Petersburg Salons”?

Volume 3 Card 11. Bogucharovsky riot

1. Why can’t Princess Marya understand the Bogucharov men?
2. How are the riot participants and Nikolai Rostov shown?

Volume 3 Card 12. Conversation between Kutuzov and Prince Andrey (part 2 chapter 16)

1. How do you understand Kutuzov’s words: “Your road is the road of honor”?
2. What is the significance of Prince Andrei’s thoughts about Kutuzov: “He is Russian, despite the French sayings”?

In the salon of A.P. Scherer

I really like the first part of S. Bondarchuk's film "War and Peace". In my opinion, it was done very carefully in relation to the book. Excellent work by the operator, everything is according to the text. And in this sense, it is an indispensable material for literature lessons. But, in my opinion, you don’t need to watch the whole film, and it will take a lot of time.

This fragment can be used as an illustration for the novel. Many guys, when watching it (especially those who have not read the novel), ask questions: who is who. To prevent such questions from arising, I inserted captions into the fragment with an explanation. The clip also includes some analysis questions that the guys will answer during the conversation after watching the episode.

Revelry at Kuragin's

In the house of Rostov and Bezukhov

The wonderful idea of ​​the filmmakers is to simultaneously show what is happening in the house of the Rostovs and Bezukhov. Although it’s the same in Tolstoy’s novel. But there are several cinematic details here that are worth dwelling on and considering this episode no longer as an illustration to the novel, but as an example of interpretation. One of the details is the hand of: Dolokhov, Count Rostov, Count Bezukhov. There's a lot to think about here. What role does this detail perform?

Also, when viewed in parallel, two worlds in the novel are clearly visible - the world of the hospitable Rostovs who live with their hearts, and the world of the money-grubbing Kuragins and Drubetskys. But this is commonplace.

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• #5

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• #6

  Thanks a lot! God bless you!

• #7

  Immensely grateful. I admire your work! All the best and creative inspiration

• #8

  Thank you very much. The material is wonderful, leading to methodical growth

• #9

  Thank you very much, Inessa Nikolaevna, for your genuine love for the profession of philologist and the desire to share your experience free of charge!!!

• #10

  Low bow to you and immeasurable gratitude!

• #11

  Thank you for your professional love for your profession - that’s first and foremost!
  You also taught me a new approach to my profession as a librarian...Your material helped attract new young readers to our library. THANK YOU

• #12

  I admit, every time I start studying a novel, I’m afraid of not knowing. where to start and where to end. There is little time, the children do not read. Thank you for your real teaching work, for the responsibility that distinguishes teachers who are in love with literature.

• #13

  Thank you very much. I'm getting ready for open lesson, your material will become its “highlight”.

• #14

  My deepest bow to you for such painstaking work! Great help!!

• #15

  It’s always nice to know that there are passionate people who love Russian literature, understand it, and want to pass on their knowledge to our new generation. Thank you very much for your work.

• #16

  Low bow for the talentedly developed material. Such support in solving the issue of children who don’t read. Thank you!

• #17

  Thank you very much. These materials are an excellent help in the work of every teacher with any experience.

• #18

  I'm downloading the cards - great job! Thank you. But are they not completely? They break off at 104. Can you add more?

• #19

  Hello! Thank you so much for the materials and for sharing your work so freely with colleagues! I wish you health and creative success!

• #20

  Be healthy and happy!

• #21

  Thank you very much for your incredibly creative and labor-intensive work!!!

• #22

  Inessa Nikolaevna, thank you for your generosity! Creative longevity to you.

• #23

  Thanks a lot.

• #24

  Thank you very much for your great and important work. I completely agree with the commentary on the problem of studying the novel.

• #25

  Thank you so much for the wonderful material!

• #26

  Galina (Thursday, 11/15/2018) (Thursday, 15 November 2018 16:10)

  Inessa Nikolaevna, thank you very much for your work, for your generosity. Happiness to you and your loved ones!

• #27

  Low bow for your work! For your generosity!

• #28
• #29

  Merry Christmas! Thank you very much for the material provided! Viva to your professionalism, wisdom and generosity!

• #30

  Thank you very much for the deep, thoughtful material that you selected and prepared for the guys and systematized for us. I admire your hard work, talent and kind heart.

• #31

  Thank you so much for your help, generosity and professionalism!

• #32

  Gorgeous! Low bow

• #33

  Thank you very much for your hard work and inspiration!

• #34

  Thank you very much for your carefully selected and systematized material.

• #35

  Thank you very much! I never tire of being amazed at your energy, hard work, and talent!

• #36

  Thanks a lot!

• #37

  What a great fellow you are! I absolutely agree with you that a detailed study of the novel is needed. Thank you for the finished material.

• #38

  Thank you very much for the valuable material!

• #39

  Thanks a lot!

• #40

  Inessa Nikolaevna, thank you for your enormous work and such help to us, teachers. Be healthy, creative success and inexhaustible energy.

• #41

  I join in all the words of gratitude! I have never seen more valuable material!

• #42

  Many thanks to you, Inessa Nikolaevna, for the most valuable work in studying the novel “War and Peace”, health, success.

• #43

  Thank you!!!

• #44

  Inessa Nikolaevna, what role does the “hand” play in the video, in your opinion? Thank you.

• #45

  Dear Yulia!
  There is no single answer to the question; the fact of the matter is that interpretation is possible, as when analyzing any work of art. I listen to children's opinions, they are often interesting and unexpected. For me it’s like this: S. Bondarchuk shows with the help of this detail that these are all people, but how differently they behave! What different goals there are in their lives, how differently people’s hands behave. Leo Tolstoy once said that he seemed to remember himself when he was bathed, and became aware of his body. I noticed my flesh, my arms, my legs. Maybe! (It is only possible) that the director read this and paid attention to this detail, because the hand behaves unconsciously. A person can lie with his lips and eyes, but his hands never lie. Here is Dolokhov's hand. Look how he clings to life. It would seem: a brute, a reveler, a rip-off, but his excitement is visible in this hand. But the hand of the dying Count Bezukhov, it also clings to life. Man achieved everything, but he could not overcome his corruption. But here is the hand of Count Rostov, he is dancing, this is the whole Rostov nature. And here are the hands of those who are fighting for the “mosaic briefcase”. They are greedy and acquisitive, no longer hiding the essence of people. Hands characterize the unconscious and at the same time show how different people can be.
  Well, something like this. These are my thoughts. In children they can be much more interesting.

• #46

  Thank you so much for your help in preparing for the lessons!

The diverse world of a work of art is not only difficult, but even impossible to “squeeze” into some specific framework, “sort out on the shelves,” explain the thread with the help of logical formulas, concepts, graphs or diagrams. The wealth of artistic content actively resists such analysis. But it is still possible to try to discover some kind of system, under the necessary condition, of course, that it will not contradict the author’s intention.

What was most important to Tolstoy when creating War and Peace? Let us open the beginning of the third part of the second volume: “Life in the meantime real life people with their essential interests of health, illness, work, leisure, with their interests of thought, science, poetry, music, love, friendship, hatred, passions, walked, as always, independently and outside of political proximity or enmity with Napoleon Bonaparte, and beyond all possible transformations.

As you can see, the most important thing for a writer is real life, understood as a powerful and indomitable element, opposing any phenomena, events, established laws, if they do not coincide with the interests of simple, ordinary people. This is what the system of images in War and Peace is based on.

There are people who live a normal, natural life. This is one world. There is another, built on other, unnatural interests (career, power, wealth, pride, etc.). This is a doomed world, devoid of movement and development, a world subject to pre-established rules, rituals, regulations, all kinds of conventions, abstract theories, a world that is basically dead.

Tolstoy fundamentally does not accept any theoretical scholasticism that is disconnected from the real, simple, normal life. Thus, it is said about General Pfuhl in the novel that, out of love for theory, he “hated all practice and did not want to know it.” It is for this reason that Prince Andrei does not like Speransky with his “unshakable faith in the power of the mind.” And even Sonya turns out to be a “dummy” in the end, because in her virtue there is an element of rationality and calculation. Any artificiality, role, which a person tries to play, willingly or unwillingly, programmedness (as we would say today) is rejected by Tolstoy and his beloved heroes. Natasha Rostova says about Dolokhov: “He has everything planned, but I don’t like it.”

An idea arises of two principles in life: war and peace, evil and good, death and life. And all the characters in one way or another gravitate toward one of these poles. Some choose the purpose of life right away and do not experience any hesitation - Kuragins, Berg. Others go through a long path of painful hesitation, mistakes, searches, but ultimately “nail” on one of two shores. It was not so easy, for example, for Boris Drubetsky to overcome himself, his normal human feelings, before he decided to propose to the rich Julie, whom he not only does not love, but, it seems, generally cannot stand. Material from the site

The system of images in the novel is based on a fairly clear and consistent antithesis (opposition) of nationality and anti-nationality (or pseudo-nationality), natural and artificial, human and inhuman, and finally, “Kutuzovsky” and “Napoleonic”.

Kutuzov and Napoleon form two unique moral poles in the novel, towards which various characters gravitate or are repelled. As for Tolstoy’s favorite heroes, they are shown in the process of constant change, overcoming isolation and selfish one-sidedness. They are on the road, on the go, and this alone makes them dear and close to the author.

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On this page there is material on the following topics:

• The antithesis of natural and artificial in Tolstoy's novel War and Peace
• family ties in the novel war and peace diagram
• system of characters in the novel War and Peace
• system of images in the novel war and peace part 1
• system of images of the novel war and peace