What is the name of the main staircase in the Hermitage? Hermitage: main staircase of the Winter Palace

Its greatness span -
Complete dizziness;
She gets the first one: “Ah!”
And the first exclamation of admiration.

Carrara marble, mirrors,
Baroque gilded lines,
Sunset burning to the ground -
Everything breathes light, as if someone

There, on Olympus, where the union is
Pagan gods and muses,
He lit the Fire... And with this He
I broke the law of physics.

Here since Nikolaev times
Guests of the palace were greeted by a retinue
Pairs of built-in columns
From Serdobol granite;

Winged host of caryatids:
"Power", "Mercy", "Justice" -
A different flight, an alien view,
Another reality weapon.

The procession of the Cross began here,
The monarch with his family and all the people
Led by the Metropolitan
We went to Jordan on the Neva,

And all classes of all stripes
They carried a prayer to the Holy Water...
Here the Russian Tsar met guests,
From here he escorted him to battle;

Everything happened here: the carnival,
And the memorial service and the oath;
And everyone began the service
From an unforgettable step

Up these stairs... She
Created by Rastrelli himself!
According to it, ambassadors of other powers
They walked holding letters to their hearts;
Field marshals and kings... And even Pushkin and Natalie!

Reviews

The reader is stingy with kind words
Where they truly belong,
But from the poems of a fellow poet,
I was amazed at first.
Everything gradually fell into place -
The museum world is a source of inspiration,
And we write our poems,
With an open Soul, from a clean slate...

Marina, I’m glad we met for the second time, I liked everything very much, I will definitely get acquainted with new poems. Don’t judge my simple poetry harshly, I know little, but I feel it keenly))) See you later, with warmth, Lena

The portal Stikhi.ru provides authors with the opportunity to freely publish their literary works on the Internet on the basis of a user agreement. All copyrights to works belong to the authors and are protected by law. Reproduction of works is possible only with the consent of its author, which you can contact on his author’s page. Authors bear responsibility for the texts of works independently on the basis

Finding the right room in the Hermitage is an art, and even more difficult is being able to find a suitable staircase to move from floor to floor. We tell five stories about central staircases Hermitage in order to better remember their names and skillfully use them in a conversation with the caretaker when planning a route.

Ambassadorial (Jordanian, Main) staircase

The majestic and beautiful Main Staircase of the Winter Palace played a very important representative role in the 18th century, being included in the suite of state halls where ceremonies and court celebrations took place. Along it, ambassadors of foreign states ascended to the central halls for audiences, which is why it was called the Posolskaya. After the revolution, when the palace became a museum, the guides gave it the name Jordanskaya, since on the feast of Epiphany the royal family and other participants in the procession of the cross descended along it, starting from the Great Church and going out to the Jordan - a special ice hole in the frozen Neva, where the ceremony of blessing of water was held.

The main staircase of the New Hermitage (Terebenevskaya staircase)

This staircase is associated with the construction of the New Hermitage, a building created specifically as a museum for its expanding collections of art. It was built in 1850 by architect N.E. Efimov under the leadership of V.P. Stasov, designed by L. von Klenze. The staircase became the main entrance to the New Hermitage building and was similar to the one that led to the Athenian Acropolis. Its entrance from the street is decorated with granite sculptures of ten Atlanteans, created by Academician A.I. Terebenev, hence the other name - Terebenev Staircase. If you look up at the staircase from the first floor landing, you will notice one interesting architectural solution: in each subsequent flight the number of steps is reduced by one, which creates the illusion of an endless road upward.

The first visitors to the museum, which opened on February 7, 1852, climbed the Main Staircase of the New Hermitage.

The Hermitage opened to the public under Nicholas I only in 1852.
Under Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I, the Hermitage was like a palace museum, where few people had access. DIn order to enter the Hermitage, a special permit was required, which was issued only to a select few. So, for example, great poet A.S. Pushkin l just in 1832was able to obtain a permanent museum pass only on the recommendation of V.A. Zhukovsky, mentor to the emperor's children. Famous artists Those who needed to work in the halls could not always obtain such permission.

Soviet staircase

Nothing to do with Soviet Union this staircase does not. Soviet staircase, built in the mid-19th century by architect A.I. Stackenschneider, got its name due to the fact that members of the State Council passed through its entrance on their way to meetings chaired by the Tsar. The staircase is also unique in that it connects three buildings of the museum complex at once: it communicates with the Small Hermitage through a transition corridor, on the opposite side along the embankment line is the Old Hermitage, doors in the center (opposite the windows) lead to the halls of the New Hermitage.

October staircase

The name “October” staircase was given in memory of the revolutionary events of October 1917, when detachments of stormers entered the Winter Palace along it. On the night of October 25-26, 1917, the captured ministers of the Provisional Government were taken out along the October Stairs.

You can’t find the exact date of the appearance of this name in any guidebook, and the famous memorial plaque was installed on it after the new name took root. Before that, the staircase was called “Her Imperial Majesty”, since it adjoined directly the apartments of the empresses - the wife (later widow) of Paul I Maria Feodorovna and the wife of Alexander II Maria Alexandrovna.

Church stairs

The church staircase is located in close proximity to the Small Church of the Winter Palace, where services were held with the participation of members of the royal family. A few years ago, an amazing incident occurred in the Hermitage: during scheduled electrical work, a plaster sculpture walled into the wall was discovered on the second floor of the Church Staircase.

The sculpture depicts a slave and is called "White Slave". During the restoration of the find, it turned out that it was created by the famous sculptor Vladimir Beklemishev at the end of the 19th century. And in 1893 she represented Russia at the World Exhibition in Chicago. How and why she ended up in “captivity” is unknown, but she spent more than 60 years there. There have not been such discoveries in the museum for more than a century.

Source: fiesta city

Source https://vk.com/spb.welcome?w=wall-60191095_74818

About the grand staircases

Grand staircases - the main staircases leading to the main entrance of the palace. The main staircase is most often given a central place in the palace. This is a monumental structural element of the interior, enriched with finishing. For its production, elite, noble wood species, natural stone, and gold and silver finishing are used.

The majestic and beautiful Main Staircase of the Winter Palace (Posolskaya (Jordan)) - the main attraction of the northern capital. A beautiful and majestic interior, about which architecture connoisseur A.P. Bashutsky wrote that this staircase “is absolutely unique in Europe in terms of beauty of location and vastness.” It is she who is called upon to be the first to show that the palace is an imperial residence, that is, not only the place of residence of the head of state and the holding of various kinds of celebrations, but the “face of the country”: evidence of its power, wealth, and high culture.

Soviet staircase , the main entrance to the Old Hermitage building. The official decoration of the staircase is emphasized by the coat of arms Russian Empire, a double-headed eagle located at the level of the second floor landing under the imperial crown.
A white marble staircase was built on the site that was previously occupied by the oval hall. One of the surviving reminders of the early decoration of the hall is the picturesque painting of the ceiling, on the allegorical plot “The Virtues Present the Russian Youth to the Goddess Minerva,” made by the French artist of the eighteenth century, Gabriel-François Doyen. An outstanding element of the decoration of the Soviet staircase is a large malachite vase, made in Yekaterinburg using the Russian mosaic technique. The Soviet staircase is undoubtedly an architectural masterpiece of the State Hermitage

Main staircase of the New Hermitage (Terebenevskaya staircase) . This staircase was the main entrance to the New Hermitage building. Its entrance from the street is decorated with granite sculptures of ten Atlanteans, created by Academician A. I. Terebenev (1815 - 1859). The design of the staircase is in the spirit of late classicism - using elements of classical art, with its characteristic clarity, symmetry, and the predominance of clear and straight lines. A wide staircase of sixty-nine white marble steps is bordered on both sides by smooth, unadorned walls covered with an even, shiny layer of yellow stucco. Its warm tone contrasts effectively with the cool gray tone of the porphyry monolithic columns that rise in two parallel rows high above the walls of the staircase.

History of the Jordan Stairs

The Jordan Staircase was built in the Baroque style Russian architect, Italian by birth, Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. But in 1837 there was a terrible fire, which destroyed almost all the interior decoration of the Winter Palace, and, of course, did not spare the staircase.

The restoration of the Main Staircase was entrusted to V.P. Stasov, who for a year and a half tried to restore the staircase in a completely old way, as ordered by Emperor Nicholas I. The architect was very attentive to the restoration of the Jordan Staircase, trying to preserve all the beauty and luxury that he gave it to her Rastrelli.

The staircase is currently

Today, the staircase is presented to visitors in almost its original form and causes delight. White marble sculptures, gray marble columns, gilded stucco moldings - all this delights and makes you fall in love at first sight.

The best materials were used to decorate the staircase. For the manufacture of the balustrade, floor and steps - white Carrara marble. And for the walls - artificial marble, also white. The columns on the second level are made of Serdobol granite.

Gray granite dilutes the overall white and gold color scheme, noting the grandeur and monumentality of the interior. The Fontebasso lampshade, which burned down in the fire, was replaced by Stasov with the Olympus lampshade found in the Hermitage storage rooms. It was also created in the 18th century in Gasparo Diziani.

The statues to decorate the staircase were obtained from the Summer Garden and the Tauride Palace. They were brought from Italy back in the time of Peter the Great. The statue “Power” was brought from the Tauride Castle, which adorns the central niche. An interesting and curious fact is that the statue “Power”, installed on the Jordan Staircase in the Hermitage, soon acquired the name “Mistress”, indicating in some way the time of the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine II.

How to find the Jordan Staircase in the Hermitage

You probably won't have to look for it. As a rule, a tour of the Palace begins with a walk through the lobby, which leads to the Main Staircase. The lobby, as it were, prepares visitors to perceive the lush, graceful beauty of the Jordan Staircase. When you get here, you immediately feel its size, spaciousness, and abundance of light, which comes not only from the huge windows, but also through reflection in large mirrors.

The magnificent appearance of the Winter Palace and, in particular, the Ambassadorial Staircase was supposed to demonstrate the position of the new city on the Neva. Interestingly, in 1844 Nicholas I signed a decree that stated that It is prohibited to erect civil buildings higher than the Winter Palace.

The tour of the Hermitage begins with a passage from the lobby towards the Main Staircase. It was also called the Ambassador Staircase, and later the Jordan Staircase, but in many guidebooks it is still included simply as the Main Staircase. The long gallery along which we move, with semicircular ceiling vaults and rhythmically repeating pylons, with walls and ceiling of a calm white tone, should prepare us to perceive the lush, elegant beauty of a luxuriously decorated grand staircase. Just approaching it, we get the first vivid impression: against the background of a niche, framed by columns, a marble sculpture sparkles with white, gilded stucco patterns on the wall shine, streams of light pour from above. The beauty of this staircase is revealed gradually. While still on the lower steps, you suddenly feel its enormous size. High above your head (somewhere at the sixth floor level there is a huge ceiling lamp (a painting on the ceiling by the artist F. Gradizzi) depicting the gods on Mount Olympus.

Here you immediately feel the space, the abundance of air and light. It seems that it penetrates from everywhere - not only from large windows, but also from the side of blank walls, where mirrors reflect its rays, creating the illusion of greater illumination. As you climb the side flights, you admire the sculptures near the windows and mirrors, slender pilasters, and intricate curls of gilded molding patterns. And finally, from the side platforms, like the final chord, an even more majestic sight opens up to the eye: a giant colonnade of ten monolithic gray columns of Serdobol granite supports semicircular ceiling vaults, decorated with molding, gilding and images of caryatid sculptures.

In 1771 - 1787, next to the “Lamot Pavilion” on the Neva embankment, the architect Yu. M. Felten (1730 - 1801) built a building that later received the name “Old Hermitage”. And in the middle of the 19th century, to house the expanded collections, a special museum premises was created - the “New Hermitage”, completed in 1850 by the architect N. E. Efimov (1799 - 1851) under the leadership of V. P. Stasov, according to the design of L. Klenze (1784 - 1864).

This staircase was the main entrance to the New Hermitage building. Its entrance from the street is decorated with granite sculptures of ten Atlanteans, created by Academician A. I. Terebenev (1815 - 1859). The design of the staircase is in the spirit of late classicism - using elements of classical art, with its characteristic clarity, symmetry, and the predominance of clear and straight lines.

A wide staircase of sixty-nine white marble steps is bordered on both sides by smooth, unadorned walls covered with an even, shiny layer of yellow stucco. Its warm tone contrasts effectively with the cool gray tone of the porphyry monolithic columns that rise in two parallel rows high above the walls of the staircase. Daylight, penetrating from the windows on the left and right, sparkles with reflections on the surface of the columns and, hiding part of it. their volume creates the illusion of even greater harmony, lightness and grace. From the lower landing, the scale of the staircase is especially noticeable. Through the wide doors of the second floor you can see the halls and the paintings displayed in them (you should get acquainted with them a little later).

The first visitors to the museum, which opened on February 7, 1852, climbed the Main Staircase of the New Hermitage. At fifty-six exhibition halls there were collections of Italian, Dutch, Flemish and Russian art. However, the museum was not public, intended for a wide range of visitors. Initially, special permission was required to enter the museum. It was given out only to a select few. Even famous Russian artists who needed to work in the halls did not always achieve such permission. The inscriptions on the labels of the paintings in the halls were made on French. The number of visitors to the Hermitage at first was small, but later, especially at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, when free access to the museum was opened, it increased significantly.

Huge increase in museum attendance in Soviet era, the expansion of exhibition spaces at the expense of the halls of the Winter Palace required moving the entrance to the museum to a more spacious Main Staircase of the Winter Palace with extensive lobbies. This also improved the connection between the exhibitions of the department of the history of culture and art of the ancient world, located on both sides of the Main Staircase of the New Hermitage.

The Soviet staircase, built in the mid-19th century by the architect Stackenschneider, got its name due to the fact that members of the State Council passed through its entrance on their way to meetings chaired by the Tsar. The staircase connects three buildings: through a transition corridor it communicates with the Small Hermitage; on the opposite side, along the embankment line, is the Old Hermitage; doors in the center (opposite the windows) lead to the halls of the New Hermitage. The ceiling lamp on the stairs is the work of the French artist F. Doyen (XVIII century) - “The virtues represent the Russian youth to Minerva.”

On the landing of the second floor of the Soviet Staircase there is a large malachite vase, made at the Yekaterinburg factory in 1843 using the “Russian mosaic” technique (thin plates of stone, skillfully put together so that a beautiful pattern is formed, are glued to the base using a special mastic). Wonderful works of stone-cutting art created at this Ural factory, as well as at the Peterhof (the oldest in Russia, founded under Peter III) and the Altai Kolyvan factories, adorn many halls and staircases of the Hermitage - the largest treasury of Russian colored stone.

Stone was also widely used in the decoration of the halls themselves. Thus, in the Twenty-Column Hall, the columns were created by masters of the Peterhof Lapidary Factory from gray Serdobol granite. The entire floor in this hall is paved with mosaics made up of several hundred thousand pieces of stone.

Kolyvan vase

One of the most remarkable creations of Russian stone carvers of the past is the famous Kolyvan vase. Created from beautiful Revnev jasper stone, it amazes with its size, beauty of shape and perfection of material processing. The height of the vase is more than two and a half m, the large diameter of the bowl is five m, the small diameter is over three m. Weighing nineteen tons (this is the heaviest vase in the world made of solid stone), it does not look bulky. The thin leg, the elongated oval shape of the bowl, dissected from the sides and bottom by radially diverging “spoons”, the proportionality of the parts give it grace and lightness.

The vase is made from a block of stone, which was processed for two years at the site of the find, and then a thousand workers delivered it fifty miles to the Kolyvan factory, cutting roads in the forests and creating crossings across rivers. The craftsmen of the Kolyvan Lapidary Factory worked directly on the execution of the vase itself, created according to the design of the architect Melnikov, for twelve years, finishing the work by 1843. It was delivered to St. Petersburg with great difficulty, disassembled (the vase consists of five parts, the main one - the bowl - being monolithic). The vase was transported to the Urals on a special cart, which was harnessed to from one hundred twenty to one hundred sixty horses. And then along the Chusovaya, Kama, Volga, Sheksna and Mariinskaya systems they were transported on a barge to the unloading point on the Neva embankment. After preliminary strengthening of the foundation, seven hundred and seventy workers installed it in the Hermitage hall, where it is currently located. The Kolyvan vase, one of the most grandiose and amazing works of Russian stone-cutting art in terms of craftsmanship, rightfully occupies an honorable place among the treasures of the Hermitage.

“On February 9, 1965, the first excursion to the magnificent Hermitage took place! The date is exact: in front of me lies the book by O.M. Persianov, “Treasury of World Art. Review of the Hermitage Collections” Publishing House “ Soviet artist" The book was published in Leningrad in 1964. in the year of the 200th anniversary of the founding of the Hermitage.
And on the inside cover, in my hand, with a then fashionable Chinese fountain pen with black ink, I wrote the date and place of purchase of the book: “February 9, 1965 Hermitage Leningrad.” Confirmed by my signature!
Guides led us around the museum. Attention was also paid artistic values The Hermitage, related to the history of the buildings and, naturally, the events of 1917. Such was the time.

I can’t even begin to describe the splendor that has lost some of its splendor associated with the main function of these buildings: the residence of the royal family, and hence the presence or absence of the corresponding interior of the residential and ceremonial premises of the palace!
To do this, today it is enough to go to the “network” and you can see it step by step and admire it various options: videos, great photo albums, music and combinations of these!

I will touch only on those moments that are connected with my perception of what I saw, through the prism of my past knowledge and feeling in the knowledge of history, events and personalities that are presented within the walls of the Hermitage.

The visit to the Hermitage was preceded by years of studying history, reading fiction, studying it at school within a historical framework, watching our films, foreign ones, adapted into films historical events, and in them literary heroes and real historical figures in figurative representation.
So over these years I have developed an integral artistic and historical understanding of the past of our country, the world and the fate of specific participants in these events. In such a unique historical and artistically illustrated place of the past as the Winter Palace and the Hermitage, all this was focused into one whole and brought closer to the real “yesterday”. I wanted to experience it again, but in reality, almost touching it!
What worried me then and left a memorable mark?

Here is the solemn main staircase of the palace, which bore two names: the first is “Ambassador’s”, associated with the passage of heads of other countries and foreign ambassadors along it during receptions under Catherine the Second;
the second is “Jordanian” since during the feast of the Epiphany the procession descended from the Palace Church with royal family to the Neva, where a hole was cut in the ice to consecrate the water - the Jordan.
During the great fire of 1837, when the entire interior of the palace burned out, the gray granite columns on the main staircase remained “alive.” Everything else was restored within a year and a half under the leadership of V.P. Stasov, who carefully restored this splendor, preserving the plan of the architect F.B. Rastrelli is the author of the entire palace.

And memory then, “smiling,” suggested that this was the staircase along which Gogol’s blacksmith Vakula climbed with the Cossacks to the mother queen in the hope of getting the coveted Chirivichki for his Galya.

Look at the photo from the Internet at this miracle of architecture, you will agree that the most attractive thing about it are the “saved” columns, which contrast and harmonize the entire structure, sparkling with gilding and mirrors, and decorated with statues, some of which were brought under Peter I from Italy.

Illustration for the chapter "My University. The Last Spiral Up"

Reviews

Igor! I walked up these stairs more than once. The first time was in 1963, when my mother took me to Leningrad, and at the same time to Kronstadt, where my brother served in the navy. The staircase, of course, is magnificent; it literally stunned me when I walked up it for the first time. Best regards, Nina.

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