Nominative (nominative) sentences are single-component, articulated sentences in which the semantic subject and his. Nominal sentences How can a nominative sentence be expressed?

Purpose of the lesson : learning new material
1) repetition of information about one-part sentences;
2) familiarity with nominal sentences;
3) studying the practical orientation of the acquired knowledge.

Methods and techniques:
1)methods of verbal transmission of information and auditory perception of information (techniques:conversation, story, discussion );
2) methods of visual transmission of information and visual perception of information (techniques: observation, work from a picture );
3) methods of transmitting information through practical activities (experimental work in groups, work with a book, creative work );
4) methods of stimulating and motivating students (techniques:partial search activity, group research activities, creating a situation of success, creating a situation of mutual assistance)
5) control methods (techniques:frontal survey, self-assessment)

Form of organizing work in class: frontal, group, individual.
Learning Tools:
Material and technical: projector, reproduction of a painting.
Didactic: Russian language textbooks, notebooks, task cards.
Lesson timing:
1) Organizational moment-2 min.;
2) Repetition of the covered material - 8 minutes;
3) Explanation of new material -10 min.;
4) Consolidation of knowledge -20 min.;
5) Summing up - 2 min.;
6) Presentation and discussion homework-3 min.

Lesson progress:

Organizational stage
Mutual greeting between students and teacher; recording of absentees; checking students' readiness for the lesson; checking the availability of diaries, notebooks, textbooks; organization of attention.

2) Blitz - survey :

1) How do one-part sentences differ from two-part ones?

(In two-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of two main members - the subject and the predicate, and both of these members are necessary for understanding the meaning of the sentence. In one-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of one main member (subject or predicate), and the second main member is not needed for understanding meaning of the sentence.)

2) What groups are single-component sentences divided into according to the form of the main member?

(According to the form of the main member, one-part sentences are divided into two groups: with

the main member is the predicate and the main member is the subject.)

3) Name the main groups of one-part sentences with the main member

predicate.

(Definitely - personal, indefinitely - personal, impersonal.)
4) What sentences are called definitely-personal?

(Definitely - personal sentences are one-part sentences with

predicate - a verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person.)

5) What sentences are called indefinitely personal?

(Vague - personal sentences are one-part sentences

with a predicate-verb in the 3rd person plural form in the present

and future tense and past tense plural form.)
6) What sentences are called impersonal?

(Impersonal sentences are one-part sentences with a predicate,

in which there is not and cannot be a subject.)

3) The text is projected onto the board:

It's cool outside. And the children are waiting for the frosts. Then they will go skiing and skating. Love winter!

-Can the collection of these sentences be called a text?
-Title it (“Waiting for Winter”)
-Name the grammatical bases of these sentences and determine the type of sentences (chilly– impersonal; children are waiting – two-part;will ride – vaguely personal;love - definitely personal)

4) Go to new topic lesson
The teacher reads a poem by A.A. Feta “Whisper, timid breathing.”(see Appendix1)
- Did you like this poem?
-This is how L.N. Tolstoy spoke about him: “There is not a single verb in it, every expression is a picture.”
Teacher: there is no action in this poem, but a picture of the night is painted very figuratively with the help of nouns. The author uses only nouns that name objects. A. Fet uses denominative sentences (or nominative sentences).
The topic of the lesson is written down: “Nominal sentences.”
Teacher: Nominal sentences form a specific group among monocomponent sentences. In scientific grammar they are interpreted differently, but in practice they represent a rather motley group in which subject and attribute nouns act as the main member.Room. Table. Sofa. Night. Cool. Silence. Nominal sentences, like impersonal sentences, are expositional. They are mainly used in fiction(poetry, prose), in newspaper and magazine essays and articles. The noun sentences are very short but expressive. With the help of them, the writer subtly and laconically draws the place, time of action, landscape, and setting. They contribute to the rapid development of the plot. A.P. Chekhov often used nominative sentences in his stories.
Zemsky hospital. Morning . (story "Surgery")
Evening twilight. Large, wet snow . (story "Tosca")
A.A. Akhmatova often used denominative sentences in her poems:
Twenty-one. Night. Monday. The outlines of the capital in the darkness. (note: all sentences are displayed on the dock using a projector)
We pay attention to reading noun sentences. They are read with a long pause.
To distinguish nominal sentences from two-part incomplete ones, you need to know the grammatical features of nominal sentences:
a) Nominal sentences have one main member - the subject, which can be expressed by a noun in the nominative case (Forest. Clearing ), quantitative noun phrase (Twenty minutes past ten. ), personal pronoun(Here she is.) and numeral( Twenty three! - continues Grisha). The scheme of the indicated nominal sentences also includes particlesHere And out and then such sentences acquire demonstrative meaning.

b) Nominal sentences can be common and non-common. The specificity of nominal sentences in this regard lies in the fact that their main member can only be distributed by definitions, agreed and inconsistent.
- What definitions are called agreed upon? (definitions associated with the defined noun by the method of agreement, i.e. in case, number, gender. Starry night.)
- What definitions are called inconsistent? (definitions associated with the word being explained by the method of control or adjacency . A chain of wolf pits with oak bristles.)

5) A sentence is written down from dictation:
Frost and sun; wonderful day!
- Where does this line come from, who is the author? (“Winter Morning” by A.S. Pushkin)
- Carry out a syntactic analysis (declarative, exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive sentence; 1st sentence is one-part, nominative, unexpanded; 2nd sentence is two-part, unextended)
Conclusion: noun clauses can also be part of a complex sentence.
Differentiated task:
1st group (strong students): write a miniature essay based on the painting by V.D. Polenov “Overgrown Pond”, using one-part sentences;
Group 2 (average achievers): task using cards; (see Appendix 2, card#1)
3rd group (low achievers): exercise 213, write down nominative sentences.
Assignments are checked one from each group.
Independent work
The class completes Exercise 216 as assigned.
=A student works at the board using a card (the task can be given to either a strong student or a weak one), see Appendix 2 , card No. 2 or card No. 3)

6) Summing up
1) The teacher analyzes the students’ activities in the lesson.
2) Joint assessment of the activities of the teacher and students in the lesson.

7) Presentation and discussion of homework
Paragraph 24, differentiated task, each group receives task cards. (see Appendix3)

Appendix 1

Poem by A.A. Fet “Whisper, timid breathing”

Whisper, timid breathing,

The trill of a nightingale,

Silver and sway

Sleepy stream,

Night light, night shadows,

Endless shadows

A series of magical changes

Sweet face

There are purple roses in the smoky clouds,

The reflection of amber

And kisses and tears,

And dawn, dawn!..
(1850)

Appendix 2

Differentiated task based on cards.

Card No. 1
Using agreed and inconsistent definitions, distribute denomination sentences.

Morning. River. Island. Bushes. A fisherman sits in their thick shadow.

Card No. 2
(note: task for a strong student)

Place punctuation marks and parse the sentence.

Silence and only fishing seagulls disturb the night peace.

Card No. 3
(note: assignment for low-performing students)

Find nominal sentences and emphasize the grammatical basics in them, characterize the sentences.

Autumn. Thicket of the forest.
Dry swamp moss.
Lake Beleso.
The sky is pale.
I. Bunin

Appendix 3

Differentiated homework on the topic “Nominal sentences”

Assignment to group 1:

Make short verbal sketches: 1) describe the situation in your apartment in different times days - early morning, afternoon, late evening; 2) describe the situation at school during the big break. What noun sentences will help you expressively and vividly convey pictures of home and school life?

Assignment to group 2:

Remember what pictures of nature you remember (while hiking, traveling, traveling out of town, during the holidays, etc.). Describe them. What types of one-part sentences can be used?

Assignment to group 3:

Write out from dramatic work two to three remarks with nominal sentences. Determine what the author expresses using such sentences.

Class: 8

Presentation for the lesson

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Lesson on textbook“Russian language: textbook for 8th grade of general education institutions” S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.Yu. Maksimov and others.

Place of the lesson in the educational process: Topic: “Simple sentence. One-part sentences."

Lesson form: a lesson in learning new material using ICT.

Equipment: interactive whiteboard, presentation for the lesson.

This lesson is one of the lessons devoted to the study of the topic “One-Part Sentences”. In the following classes, it is planned to monitor students' knowledge on this topic. Differentiation is used when consolidating the material.

Lesson objectives: introduce students to nominal sentences; show the difference between nominal sentences and other one-part sentences; to cultivate in students an interest in the works of Russian poets and a love for the Russian language; developing the ability to use nominal sentences in speech; determine the role of nominative sentences in fiction.

Lesson progress

I. Checking homework

II. Testing students' knowledge, skills and abilities

1. Analyze by members of the sentence(2 slide)

The hay smells good.
The hay smells good.

2. Determine the type of one-part sentence(3 slide)

I love the winter forest.
I'm shivering.
I'm cold.
A new school is being built in the village.
Tears won't help your grief.
Chickens are counted in the fall.

3. Conversation(4 slide)

– What do these proposals have in common?

– Name it distinctive features each type of offer.

III. New material

1. Teacher's word:

– We continue to work on studying one-part proposals. And today we will get acquainted with interesting one-part sentences - nominative ones. Studying one-component sentences today, we will observe nominative sentences and answer the question: “What role do one-component noun sentences play not only in prose texts, but also in poetry?”

2. Expressive reading of a poem by A. Fet“Whisper, timid breathing...” (5 slide)

Whisper, timid breathing,
The trill of a nightingale,
Silver and sway
Sleepy stream,
Night light, night shadows,
Endless shadows
A series of magical changes
Sweet face
There are purple roses in the smoky clouds,
The reflection of amber
And kisses and tears,
And dawn, dawn!..

- This is unusual. The appearance of this poem caused a mixed reaction from readers. Some admired and were surprised that it was possible to depict the beauty of the world without verbs. L.N. Tolstoy enthusiastically noted: “There is not a single verb in it. Every expression is a picture." Others saw in this wordlessness an encroachment on the laws of poetics. A. Fet often uses this technique in his works.

– Name the grammatical bases of sentences. What part of speech expresses the main member in these sentences?

– Such one-part sentences, in which the main member is expressed by the subject, are called denominative. Denominative sentences denote the existence of an object or phenomenon in the present tense. (6 slide)

3. Presentation of the nominative sentence(pre-prepared student)

- Let's listen to what the name sentence tells us about ourselves.

Let me call myself: Nominal sentence! Of course, you guessed what I do? Yes, yes! I like to name, that is, report the very existence of something: objects, events, phenomena... I am around you, I am at every step, but you do not notice me. You arrived, got off the train and saw: “N. Novgorod”, “Station”, “Exit to the city”, “Box office”, “Buffet”, “Trolleybus stop”, etc. - that’s all me, Nominal sentence. You are traveling to the city, the conductor announces the stops: “Park of Culture and Leisure”, “Metal Plant”, “Port” - these are nominative sentences. And the child looks out the window and shouts: “There’s the sea!” – and it’s me again, nominative sentence. What a pity that no one will ask what these sentences are that are so common? What offer did the stores “Bread”, “Shoes”, “Books” offer? And this is all me, nominative sentence. One word is enough for me to make people happy. When they hear me on the train or on the tram, they say joyfully: “This is my city. Here is my stop, and there is my house! And W is my little son!” I have one main part of the sentence - the subject, but it tells people so much. The subject can have different definitions, and sometimes I have particles - Here And over there. Sometimes I report about terrible events: “Fire!”, “Earthquake!”, “Accident!” or I give orders: “Fire!”, “Start!”, “Stop!” But my main task is to name what people need, what makes them happy and helps them live. I am used in both poetry and prose. There are even entire poems that are written only in nominal sentences. You have already met one of them. Listen to one more thing, A. Koltsova:

Smoky tents
Black bread, water,
A spinner's cough, a child's cry.
Oh need! Need!

True, it’s a little offensive that the guys rarely invite me to their compositions.

– What did the Nominal Sentence tell us about its meaning and structure? (Meaning: reports that some phenomenon or object exists in the present. Structure: one main member - subject; may have demonstrative particles Here And over there; may be common or uncommon.) (7 slide)

Nominal sentences are used when writing in diaries, letters, those. in genres that are distinguished by the speed of fixing the main, main details, or are used at the beginning of the description (8 slide)

– Let’s compare our observations with the theory in the textbook.

4. Introduction to the theory of the textbook(pp. 106-107)

5. Exercise 241(orally)

6. Filling out the table “One-part sentences”

IV. The difference between nominal sentences and incomplete ones

– Nominal sentences can be common and uncommon (slide 9). Compare: Evening. - Quiet evening. Whisper. - Timid breathing. The second sentences are extended by agreed upon definitions. Only minor members belonging to the subject group, i.e., all types of definitions (agreed and uncoordinated), can extend nominal sentences.

If a sentence contains a circumstance or an addition, then most scientists consider such a sentence to be two-part incomplete with an omitted predicate, and the circumstance reminds of its existence (slide 10).

Silence in the snowy forest. There are purple roses in the smoky clouds...

We will talk about this in more detail in subsequent lessons.

V. Fixing the material

1. Take dictation, find nominal sentences.

Indian summer. Threshing time. As if inviting someone along the way, the cranes fly. (V. Bokov.)
The smell of rose and jasmine. The trembling of leaves. The shine of the moon... The song of the south side flows from the open windows. (A. Pleshcheev.)
Silence. Cuckoo. Herbs. I'm alone in the deep forest.

2. Working with reproduction I.I. Levitan “March” (11 slide) (weak students - individual cards)

– The expressive capacity of nominative sentences makes them an indispensable tool when you need to concisely, laconicly outline the picture, create the impression of rapid action.

Look at the reproduction of I. Levitan’s painting “March”. Try to describe this picture using uncommon noun sentences. (Suggestions are displayed on the slide.)

Day. Snow. Trees. Sky. Horse. House. Path. Mood.

– Extend these noun sentences using agreed and inconsistent definitions. Write the resulting text in your notebook.

Clear March day. Snow that has lost its winter splendor. Trees awakening from sleep. Sky without clouds. Harnessed horse. Two-story house. Dirt path. Spring, sunny, joyful mood.

Card No. 1

1) Bright blue days. Blue sea. The evening was quiet and easy. 2) Small stream. The water is a little brownish. It does not flow, but oozes from the mosses, from the base of low birches, willows, alders and marsh grass... 3) Night. The shutter creaks and creaks. 4) It freezes hard. 5) Frost. The snow crunches under felt boots.

Card No. 2

Copy, indicating the grammatical basis of each sentence and determining its type.

1) Clean walls covered with wood. Smell of water and resin. 2) It’s three o’clock in the afternoon. Cloudy. 3) There's a rainbow. Have fun! 4) There is no wind, and the whole sky is filled with paint. 5) Here is a gray old house. Now it is empty and deaf.

Card No. 3

Copy, indicating the grammatical basis of each sentence and determining its type.

1) Stifling night. There will be a thunderstorm... There is a pale and alarming flash. 2) The night is quiet, quiet. The snow was loose. Somewhere far in the sky it feels like spring. 3) Frosts. It's dried out. I went out to walk to the river. 4) In everything I want to get to the very essence: in work, in search of a path, in heartfelt turmoil. 5) Winter is approaching the middle, the roads are wet, the roofs are leaking, and the sun is basking on the ice floe.

VI.Text analysis

Analysis of texts from the point of view of the role of nominal sentences in them. Write the second and sixth texts in your notebook.

Assignments for texts:

Read the poems carefully, determine the ideological intent and position of the author.
Find one-part sentences. Determine their role in the poetic text.
How do one-part sentences help in identifying author's intention and understanding ideological meaning poems?

1) Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
A storm is coming. It hits the shore
A black boat alien to enchantment.
(K. Balmont.)

(Enchantment - magic, witchcraft.)

2) Wilderness and swamp, snags and stumps.
Old birch grove,
Sparse forest on the river bank.
(D. Kedrin.)

3) Autumn. Fairytale palace
All open for review.
Clearings of forest roads,
Looking into the lakes.
Like at a painting exhibition:
Halls, halls, halls, halls
Elm, ash, aspen
Unprecedented in gilding.
(B. Pasternak.)

(Chamber is a palace.)

4) Small town.
Northern town.
Faded moon.
Northern Dvina.
Rippling dark blue waters.
Music. Motor ship.
Girl on the hill.
The young man is at the stern.
(K. Vanshenkin)

5) The last day of July. All around is Russia – our native land. The entire sky is filled with smooth blue. Only one cloud on it either floats or melts. Calm, warm. Air is fresh milk.
A deep but gentle ravine... A stream runs through the ravine; at the bottom of it, small pebbles seem to tremble through light ripples. In the distance are the edges of earth and sky. The bluish line of a big river...
(According to I. Turgenev)

– The use of nominative sentences in the text helps the author to paint a colorful, concise, laconic picture of his native land.

6) Life goes on so (n...)hastily. Days, evenings, nights, holidays, weekdays.
Yarm...rka. Kr...shchensky m...rose. Trees in fur coats. There are flags fl...ing on the sh...t...s. And winter, winter. The snow makes everything soft.
(According to E. Zamyatin)

– The use of nominative sentences in the text helps the author to concisely and accurately paint a picture of the Russian winter and Epiphany frosts.

VII. Literary assignment

– Remember the heroes of N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” and, based on the proposed characteristics, guess, determine who we are talking about (12-13 slides)

..., already aged in the service and a very intelligent person in his own way.
..., a provincial coquette, not yet quite old, brought up half on novels and albums, half on chores in her pantry and maid’s room.
..., a young man of about twenty-three, thin, skinny; somewhat stupid and, as they say, without a king in his head - one of those people who in the offices are called empty.
..., servant, such as servants who are several years old usually are.
..., judge, a man who has read five or six books, and is therefore somewhat free-thinking.
..., a trustee of charitable institutions, a very fat, clumsy and clumsy man, but for all that a sly and a rogue.
..., a man who is simple-minded to the point of naivety.

(ANSWER: 1) Mayor; 2) Anna Andreevna; 3) Khlestakov; 4) Osip; 5) Lyapkin-Tyapkin; 6) Strawberries; 7) Postmaster).

VIII. Summing up the lesson

1. Blitz survey

– Denominative – one-part sentences? (Yes).

– Denominative – two-part sentences? (No).

– Do you agree that nominative sentences have only one main member of the sentence, which is shaped like a subject? (Yes).

– Can a nominative sentence be uncommon? (Yes).

– Can a nominative sentence be common? (Yes).

– Can the main member of a sentence in a nominal sentence be a combination of a numeral and a noun? (Yes).

2. Solution problematic issue

– Today in class we talked about nominative sentences. Have you noticed that there are many such sentences in poems? It is no coincidence that N.V. Gogol said: “The spring of poetry is beauty.” Observing the nominative sentences, you can answer the question: “What role do single-component nominative sentences play not only in prose texts, but also in poetry?” (Denominative sentences make poems melodic, specifically pointing to objects and phenomena that concern the poet).

– I was very pleased to work with you in class today. I saw smart, interested children. And if something didn’t work out for someone, it doesn’t matter. You still learned something new, which means you have become smarter.

Let each of you say to yourself: “I’m great! I thought. I tried. I made discoveries." (Slide 14)

Homework:§24, exercises 243 (written), 248 (oral); prepare for the control dictation (15 slide).

– Thank you for your cooperation. (Slide 16)

Name sentences

Nominal- this is one of the types of one-part sentences, the form of the main member in which is similar in expression to the subject.

The main member of nominative sentences is expressed by the nominative case form of the noun and a phrase that includes the nominative case. In principle, it is also possible to use a pronoun, usually in colloquial speech: “Here I am!” - Ariel said, floating into the living room. The use of the independent nominative case is possible in these sentences, since their meaning is a message about the being, presence, existence of an object or phenomenon. Consequently, only one grammatical tense is assumed - the present. textbook material for 8th grade

Types of nominative sentences

Denominal existentials state the fact of the existence of an object. The subject is expressed in the nominative case of any nominal part of speech: Mom, porridge, cat, spoon, book, bright cover...

Demonstratives point to an object. In the grammatical basis, in addition to the subject, expressed in the nominative case of any name, demonstrative particles VOT or VON appear: Here is a sofa for you, lie down to rest (Gr.).

Estimated and named evaluate the subject from the speaker's point of view. In the grammatical basis, in addition to the subject, expressed in the nominative case of any name, various expressive-emotional particles appear: What a night!, Here's to you, grandma and St. George's Day.

Preferably denomination express a strong desire for something. In the grammatical basis, in addition to the subject, expressed in the nominative case of any name, the particles ONLY WOULD, ONLY WOULD, IF appear: If only not the control.

MOMMY HEAD HURTS!