Chichikov's life ideals and moral character - an essay on any topic. Life ideals and moral character of Chichikov - any essay on the topic The central character of the poem

Collection of essays: Life ideals and moral character Chichikova

Fulfilling the task set for himself “to show at least one side of the whole of Russia,” Gogol creates the image of an entrepreneur-adventurer, almost unknown in Russian literature before him. Gogol was one of the first to notice that modern age- this is the age of mercantile relations, when material wealth becomes the measure of all values in human life. In Russia at that time, a type of new person appeared - the acquirer, the goal of whose life aspirations turned out to be money. The rich tradition of the picaresque novel, the center of which was a hero of low birth, a swindler and a deceiver seeking to profit from his adventures, gave the writer the opportunity to create artistic image, reflecting Russian reality in the first third of the 19th century.

In contrast to the virtuous character of classic novels, as well as the hero of romantic and secular stories, Chichikov had neither nobility of character nor nobility of origin. Defining the type of hero with whom the author had to go hand in hand for a long time, he calls him a “scoundrel.” The word “scoundrel” has several meanings. It denotes both a person of low origin, a descendant of the rabble, and one who is ready to do anything to achieve a goal. Thus, the central figure of Gogol’s poem becomes not a tall hero, but an antihero. The result of the education that the tall hero received was honor. Chichikov follows the path of “anti-education”, the result of which is “anti-honor”. Instead of a high code of morality, he learns the art of living amidst adversity and misadventure.

Chichikov's life experience, which he acquired in his father's house, taught him to place his wealth in material wealth - this undoubted reality, and not in honor - an empty appearance. Advising his son upon entering school, his father gives him precious instructions that Pavlusha will follow throughout his life. First of all, the father advises his son to “please teachers and bosses.” This will give him the opportunity to get ahead of everyone, even without talent or ability for science. Then the father, not seeing the benefit of friendship, advises him not to hang out with his comrades, or, if so, it goes, hang out with those who are richer, so that they can be useful on occasion. Do not treat or treat anyone, but behave in such a way that he is treated - another wish of the father to his son. And finally, the most valuable advice is this. , to “most of all take care and save a penny: this thing is more reliable than anything in the world.” “A comrade or friend will deceive you and in trouble will be the first to betray you, but a penny will not betray you, no matter what trouble you are in. You will do everything and ruin everything in the world with a penny.”

Already the first steps of the independent life of Gogol’s hero revealed in him a practical mind and the ability to self-sacrifice for the sake of accumulating money. Without spending a penny on delicacies from the half-ruble of copper he received from his father, he added to it that same year. His ingenuity and enterprise in ways of making money are amazing. He made a bullfinch out of wax, painted it and sold it very profitably. He bought food at the market and sat next to those who were richer, tempting them with gingerbread or a bun. When they felt hungry, he took money from them, taking into account their appetite. Having discovered amazing patience, he tinkered with the mouse for two months, teaching it to get up and lie down on command, so that he could later sell it at a profit. He sewed the proceeds from these speculations into a bag and began saving another one.

Ingenuity in terms of ways to make money will become his distinctive feature further. If he himself had not participated in the enterprise with the journey of Spanish sheep across the border, no one would have been able to carry out such a thing. Thought about buying dead souls, which came to his mind was so unusual that he did not doubt its success, if only because no one would believe in the possibility of such an enterprise.

“In relation to his superiors, he behaved even smarter,” says the author. His obedience at school was unparalleled. To please his teacher, who did not like boys who were too lively and sharp, he was able to sit during a lesson without moving an eye or an eyebrow , no matter how they pinched him from behind. Immediately after the lesson, he gave the teacher a three-piece, and on the way home he caught his eye three times, constantly taking off his hat. All this helped him to have an excellent record at school, upon graduation to receive an excellent certificate and " a book with golden letters for exemplary diligence and trustworthy behavior."

But then a misfortune happened with the teacher, who distinguished Pavlusha from others and set him up as an example to the rest of the students. Former students, wise men and wits, whom this teacher did not like, suspecting them of disobedience and arrogant behavior, collected the funds necessary to help him. Only Chichikov refused to help his teacher, regretting the money he had accumulated. “He cheated me, he cheated me a lot...” the teacher will say when he learns about the deed of his beloved student. These words will accompany Pavel Ivanovich all his life.

The next person Pavel Ivanovich will deftly deceive in order to get a higher position is the stern military officer under whom he served. Having achieved nothing by pleasing his unapproachable boss, Chichikov cleverly uses his ugly daughter, pretending to be in love with her. However, having received new position, he forgets about the wedding and immediately moves to another apartment. Unscrupulousness and even cynicism are revealed in these actions of the hero, who is ready to use any means for the sake of success in his career.

The service for Chichikov was a place of bread, from which he could feed himself through bribes and embezzlement. When the persecution of bribes began, he was not afraid and turned them to his advantage, revealing “straight Russian ingenuity.” Having arranged everything so that clerks and secretaries took bribes and shared them with him as the head of the clerk, Chichikov retained his reputation as an honest and incorruptible person. Finding himself alone From the most active members of the commission formed for the construction of some state-owned house, he amassed good capital for himself, and the scam conceived by Chichikov with Brabant lace, when he served at the customs, gave him the opportunity to accumulate in one year such capital as he would not have earned. for twenty years of zealous service. Exposed by his comrade, he sincerely wondered why it was he who suffered. After all, no one yawns at a position, everyone acquires a position in order to make money.

However, he was not a miser or a miser, who loved money for money's sake and denied himself everything for the sake of hoarding alone. Ahead he imagined a life of all pleasures, with all prosperity, carriages, a well-appointed house, delicious dinners. He even thought about getting married and cared about his future offspring. For this sake, he was ready to endure all kinds of restrictions and hardships, to conquer everything, to overcome everything.

Thoughts about a possible marriage, like everything else, in Pavel Ivanovich’s mind were accompanied by material calculations. Having accidentally met on the way to Sobakevich a girl he did not know, who later turned out to be the governor’s daughter, who struck him with her youth and freshness, he thought that she could be a tasty morsel if they gave her “a dowry of two thousand two hundred.”

Chichikov’s irresistible strength of character is amazing, his ability not to get lost under the crushing blows of fate, his readiness to start all over again, arm himself with patience, again limit himself in everything, and again lead a difficult life. He expressed his philosophical attitude to the vicissitudes of fate in the words of proverbs: “If you get hooked, you drag him, if it breaks, don’t ask. Crying will not help your grief, you need to do something.” The readiness for any adventure for the sake of money makes Chichikov truly a “hero of a penny,” a “knight of profit.”

Subverted once again in public opinion, but not exposed, Chichikov safely leaves provincial town, taking with him bills of sale for more than two hundred revision souls, which he is going to pledge to the board of trustees and receive four hundred thousand capital for them. This capital should become the basis of prosperity for himself and his offspring. Chichikov, who sells nothing and buys nothing, is not bothered by the lack of logic in his desire to build his well-being from scratch.

The image of the new man created by Gogol, who appeared in Russian reality, is not a virtuous person capable of selfless acts for the sake of high ideals, but a cunning rogue who performs his tricks in a deceiving and deceived world. It is like a mirror that reflects the dysfunctional state of the social and spiritual life of the nation. This dysfunction, imprinted in the character of the central character, ultimately made his existence possible.

Fulfilling the task set for himself “to show at least one side of the whole of Russia,” Gogol creates the image of an entrepreneur-adventurer, almost unknown before him in Russian literature. Gogol was one of the first to notice that the modern age is an age of mercantile relations, when material wealth becomes the measure of all values in human life. In Russia at that time, a type of new person appeared - the acquirer, the goal of whose life aspirations turned out to be money. The rich tradition of the picaresque novel, the center of which was a hero of low birth, a swindler and a deceiver seeking to profit from his adventures, gave the writer the opportunity to create an artistic image reflecting Russian reality in the first third of the 19th century.

It denotes both a person of low origin, a descendant of the rabble, and one who is ready to do anything to achieve a goal. Thus, the central figure of Gogol’s poem becomes not a tall hero, but an antihero. The result of the education that the tall hero received was honor. Chichikov follows the path of “anti-education”, the result of which is “anti-honor”. Instead of a high code of morality, he learns the art of living amidst adversity and misadventure.

Chichikov’s life experience, acquired by him in his father’s house....

In contrast to the virtuous character of classic novels, as well as the hero of romantic and secular stories, Chichikov had neither nobility of character nor nobility of origin. Defining the type of hero with whom the author had to go hand in hand for a long time, he calls him a “scoundrel.” The word "scoundrel" has several meanings. It denotes both a person of low origin, a descendant of the rabble, and one who is ready to do anything to achieve a goal. Thus, the central figure of Gogol’s poem becomes not a tall hero, but an antihero. The result of the education that the tall hero received was honor. Chichikov follows the path of “anti-education”, the result of which is “anti-honor”. Instead of a high code of morality, he learns the art of living amidst adversity and misadventure.

Chichikov's life experience, which he acquired in his father's house, taught him to place his happiness in material wealth - this undoubted reality, and not in honor - an empty appearance. Advising his son upon entering school, his father gives him precious instructions that Pavlusha will follow throughout his life. First of all, the father advises his son to “please teachers and bosses.”

Then his father, not seeing the benefit of friendship, advises him not to associate with his comrades, or, for that matter, to associate with those who are richer, so that they can be useful on occasion. Not to treat or treat anyone, but to behave in such a way that he will be treated, is another wish of the father to his son. And finally, the most valuable advice is to “save and save a penny most of all: this thing is more reliable than anything in the world.” “A comrade or friend will deceive you and in trouble will be the first to betray you, but a penny will not betray you, no matter what trouble you are in. You will do everything and ruin everything in the world with a penny.”

Ingenuity in terms of ways to make money will become his hallmark in the future. If he himself had not participated in the enterprise with the journey of Spanish sheep across the border, no one would have been able to carry out such a thing. The idea of buying up dead souls that came to his mind was so unusual that he had no doubt about its success, if only because no one would believe in the possibility of such an enterprise.

“In relation to his superiors, he behaved even smarter,” says the author. His obedience at school was unparalleled.

Immediately after the lesson, he handed the teacher a three-piece hat, and on the way home he caught his eye three times, constantly taking off his hat. All this helped him to be a

And if you have an excellent score, upon completion you will receive an excellent certificate and “a book with golden letters for exemplary diligence and trustworthy behavior.”

But then a misfortune happened with the teacher, who distinguished Pavlusha from others and set him up as an example to the rest of the students. Former students, wise men and wits, whom this teacher did not like, suspecting them of disobedience and arrogant behavior, collected the funds necessary to help him. Only Chichikov refused to help his teacher, regretting the money he had accumulated. “He cheated me, he cheated me a lot...” the teacher will say when he learns about the behavior of his favorite student. These words will accompany Pavel Ivanovich all his life.

The next person Pavel Ivanovich will deftly deceive in order to get a higher position is the stern military officer under whom he served. Having achieved nothing by pleasing his unapproachable boss, Chichikov cleverly uses his ugly daughter, pretending to be in love with her. However, having received a new position, he forgets about the wedding and immediately moves to another apartment. Unscrupulousness and even cynicism are revealed in these actions of the hero, who is ready to use any means for the sake of success in his career.

And Chichikov’s scam with Brabant lace, when he served at customs, gave him the opportunity to accumulate in one year such capital as he would not have earned in twenty years of zealous service. Exposed by his comrade, he sincerely wondered why he was the one who suffered. After all, no one yawns at a position, everyone gains. In his opinion, the position exists to make money.

Thoughts about a possible marriage, like everything else, in Pavel Ivanovich’s mind were accompanied by material calculations. Having accidentally met on the way to Sobakevich a girl he did not know, who later turned out to be the governor’s daughter, who struck him with her youth and freshness, he thought that she could be a tasty morsel if they would give her “a dowry of two thousand two hundred.”

Chichikov’s irresistible strength of character is amazing, his ability not to get lost under the crushing blows of fate, his readiness to start all over again, arm himself with patience, again limit himself in everything, and again lead a difficult life. He expressed his philosophical attitude towards the vicissitudes of fate in the words of proverbs: “If you catch it, you drag it, if it breaks, don’t ask.” Crying won’t help your grief, you have to do something.” The readiness for any adventure for the sake of money makes Chichikov truly a “hero of a penny,” a “knight of profit.”

This capital should become the basis of prosperity for himself and his offspring. Chichikov, who sells nothing and buys nothing, is not bothered by the lack of logic in his desire to build his well-being from scratch.

Fulfilling the task set for himself “to show at least one side of the whole of Russia,” Gogol creates the image of an entrepreneur-adventurer, almost unknown in Russian literature before him. Gogol was one of the first to notice that the modern age is an age of mercantile relations, when material wealth becomes the measure of all values in human life. In Russia at that time, a type of new person appeared - the acquirer, the goal of whose life aspirations turned out to be money. The rich tradition of the picaresque novel, the center of which was a hero of low birth, a swindler and a deceiver seeking to profit from his adventures, gave the writer the opportunity to create an artistic image reflecting Russian reality in the first third of the 19th century.

In contrast to the virtuous character of classic novels, as well as the hero of romantic and secular stories, Chichikov had neither nobility of character nor nobility of origin. Defining the type of hero with whom the author had to go hand in hand for a long time, he calls him a “scoundrel.” The word "scoundrel" has several meanings. It denotes both a person of low origin, a descendant of the rabble, and one who is ready to do anything to achieve a goal. Thus, the central figure of Gogol’s poem becomes not a tall hero, but an antihero. The result of the education that the tall hero received was honor. Chichikov follows the path of “anti-education”, the result of which is “anti-honor”. Instead of a high code of morality, he learns the art of living amidst adversity and misadventure.

Then his father, not seeing the benefit of friendship, advises him not to associate with his comrades, or, for that matter, to associate with those who are richer, so that they can be useful on occasion. Not to treat or treat anyone, but to behave in such a way that he will be treated is another wish of the father to his son. And finally, the most valuable advice is to “save and save a penny most of all: this thing is more reliable than anything in the world.” “A comrade or friend will deceive you and in trouble will be the first to betray you, but a penny will not betray you, no matter what trouble you are in. You will do everything and ruin everything in the world with a penny.”

“In relation to his superiors, he behaved even smarter,” says the author. His obedience at school was unparalleled.

Immediately after the lesson, he handed the teacher a three-piece hat, and on the way home he caught his eye three times, constantly taking off his hat. All this helped him to be in excellent standing at the school, upon graduation to receive an excellent certificate and “a book with golden letters for exemplary diligence and trustworthy behavior.”

But then a misfortune happened with the teacher, who distinguished Pavlusha from others and set him up as an example to the rest of the students. Former students, wise men and wits, whom this teacher did not like, suspecting them of disobedience and arrogant behavior, collected the funds necessary to help him. Only Chichikov refused to help his teacher, regretting the money he had accumulated. “He cheated me, he cheated me a lot...” the teacher will say when he learns about the behavior of his favorite student. These words will accompany Pavel Ivanovich all his life.

The next person Pavel Ivanovich will deftly deceive in order to get a higher position is the stern military officer under whom he served. Having achieved nothing by pleasing his unapproachable boss, Chichikov cleverly uses his ugly daughter, pretending to be in love with her. However, having received a new position, he forgets about the wedding and immediately moves to another apartment. Unscrupulousness and even cynicism are revealed in these actions of the hero, who is ready to use any means for the sake of success in his career.

Thoughts about a possible marriage, like everything else, in Pavel Ivanovich’s mind were accompanied by material calculations. Having accidentally met on the way to Sobakevich a girl he did not know, who later turned out to be the governor’s daughter, who struck him with her youth and freshness, he thought that she could be a tasty morsel if they would give her “a dowry of two thousand two hundred.”

Chichikov’s irresistible strength of character is amazing, his ability not to get lost under the crushing blows of fate, his readiness to start all over again, arm himself with patience, again limit himself in everything, and again lead a difficult life. He expressed his philosophical attitude towards the vicissitudes of fate in the words of proverbs: “If you catch it, you drag it, if it breaks, don’t ask.” Crying won’t help your grief, you have to do something.” The readiness for any adventure for the sake of money makes Chichikov truly a “hero of a penny,” a “knight of profit.”
This capital should become the basis of prosperity for himself and his offspring. Chichikov, who sells nothing and buys nothing, is not bothered by the lack of logic in his desire to build his well-being from scratch.

Great Theme Patriotic War will continue to disturb the minds and hearts of the Russian people for a long time. Our country paid too high a price for its victory. But who won this victory: generals or ordinary soldiers? Is it possible to preserve humanity in inhumane conditions? Are all war participants heroes? How do different people behave in a mortal test situation? Many modern authors pose and solve these and similar questions in their works. The development of the front-line theme, starting from the late 60s - early 70s, proceeded in two main directions: the creation of wide historical canvases - “panoramas”

I have a hamster. This is a female. Her name is Ryzhka. My parents gave it to me last year for my birthday. My hamster has a red back and a white tummy. Ryzhka's fur is soft and fluffy. The hamster's tail is short. When Ryzhka hears a suspicious rustling, she stands up on her hind legs, raises her gray ears and looks in surprise with her black, round, beady eyes. Ryzhka's nose is pink. Sniffing, she moves her antennae. Ryzhka loves bread, seeds, and oatmeal. Loves to eat carrots, cabbage and a piece of apple. Ryzhka stuffs food into her cheeks, and

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov... The famous hero of N.V. Gogol’s poem, who became famous for centuries for serving the “penny”, was its slave, ready to undertake any “enterprises” and meanness for the sake of profit. What are Chichikov’s main life principles? And who had a hand in their formation? Of course, father. How in " The captain's daughter“Grinev Sr. urged his son to “take care of honor from a young age,” and in “Dead Souls” the father also instructed Pavlusha, but he didn’t say anything about honor, duty, or dignity. He didn’t say anything because he had his own outlook on life.

The first important point of my father’s instruction was “don’t be stupid and don’t act out,” but “please your teachers and bosses.” That’s what Pavlusha did. And at school the boy shone not with knowledge, but with diligence. But if diligence and neatness did not help, he used another life principle of the priest: “Don’t hang out with your comrades, they won’t teach you good things; and if it comes to that, then hang out with those who are richer, so that on occasion they can be useful to you.”

And Chichikov’s most important rule was his father’s instruction to take care and save a penny: “A comrade or friend will deceive you and in trouble will be the first to betray you, but a penny will not betray you, no matter what trouble you are in.” You will do everything and ruin everything in the world with a penny.”

While still at school, one of the main goals in his life was the accumulation of capital for further existence: “Even as a child, he already knew how to deny himself everything. Of the half ruble given by his father, he did not spend a penny; on the contrary, in the same year he already added to it...” But as he grows up, gaining wisdom, he begins to save not only for his happy life, but for the joyful life of future children. Likewise, the acquisition of “dead souls,” no matter how strange it may sound, is largely for the happiness of descendants.

After graduating from college, Pavel Ivanovich “set out on the civilian path.” Going towards his goal - getting rich - Chichikov changed several places of service: the state chamber, the commission for the construction of a state building, customs. And everywhere the hero considered it possible to break any moral law: he was the only one who did not give money to a sick teacher, deceived a girl, pretending to be in love, for the sake of a “grain place,” stole government property, and took bribes. And how our “philosopher” figuratively defined his career failures: “suffered in the service”!