The oldest cemetery in the world. Ancient burial Ancient human burial

ANCIENT BURIALS

Ancient burials

The first known burials in human history are those of Neanderthals. In 1908, the Swiss Otto Gauser made an amazing discovery: he found in the valley of the Wesern River (France) the grave of a Neanderthal youth who lived several tens of thousands of years ago. In a shallow grave, a skeleton lay on its right side, its right arm under its head, its legs bent. Near the skeleton lay flint tools and several burnt animal bones: they were given to the dead man on his way to eternity. In 1938, the burial of a Neanderthal boy was discovered in Uzbekistan. His bones lay in a shallow depression. Around the skull, the horns of a Siberian goat were stuck into the ground, and they formed something like a fence around the boy’s skull.

These findings convinced many that human sympathy and respect for the dead dates back to the most ancient times in human history. The famous archaeologist A.P. Okladnikov wrote: “... the Neanderthal was already convinced that the dead man was not just “sleeping”, that special care was needed for him, qualitatively different than for a living person. He did not just leave the dead man on the surface earth in the position in which death found him, but gave him, while his body was not yet numb, a certain, strictly maintained position; he laid him not as he had to, but in a certain direction - with his head to the east or west; and covered it with earth. It follows that the Neanderthal had already developed some ideas about a qualitatively different form of existence for the dead after death, i.e., the first ideas about “life beyond the grave.”

The first indisputable funeral rites are also associated with the first era of the Late Paleolithic. The dead were often buried in the same place where they had lived before, and the people themselves left this place.

Sometimes the corpse was placed directly into the fire of the hearth; the body burned or turned into ashes and ash. In other places, the dead were buried in specially dug graves, often covering their heads and feet with stones. In some places stones were placed on the head, chest and legs of the dead man, as if they wanted to prevent the dead from getting up. Perhaps this is why the dead were sometimes tied up and buried in a very crouched position. The dead were sometimes left in the cave, and the entrance was blocked with large stones. Often the corpse or just the head was sprinkled with red paint. Jewelry, stone tools, and food were placed in the grave with the dead.

For many peoples at the stage of primitive society, as S. Ryazanov notes in the book “Philosophy of Death,” above-ground burials are also characteristic. Thus, the primitive tribes of the Australian aborigines dried the bodies of their dead over a slow fire, removed their skin, painted them with ocher and placed them naked on a platform.

Among another Australian tribe, the body of the deceased is placed on a platform woven from branches, on the branches of a tree, and left there until the entire skeleton is exposed. After this, the bones are wrapped in bark and taken to a special clearing, where members of the tribe sit around them and cry. After this funeral ceremony, the bones are taken back to the tree and finally left there.

S. Krasheninnikov, who visited Kamchatka in 1737-1740, noted the burial ritual of the Kamchadals. Having tied a belt to the dead man's neck, he is pulled out of the yurt and almost immediately left to be eaten by dogs. It was believed that a dead person eaten by dogs would have a good dog team in the next world.

Echoes of the customs of above-ground burials are preserved in the religious views of fire worshipers professing the teachings of Zarathustra (between the 10th and mid-6th centuries BC; prophet and reformer of the ancient Iranian religion). Religion prohibits burning or burying the dead in the ground, so as not to desecrate fire and earth, so their bodies are given to birds to be eaten.

Nowadays, 100 thousand Parsis live in Bombay - the descendants of the ancient fire-worshipping Parsis. Here, in Bombay, there are gloomy Towers of Silence, which serve for the funeral rites of the Parsis. All the trees under these towers are usually covered with clouds of vultures and crows, patiently waiting in the wings. On funeral days, only relatives of the deceased have access to the Towers of Silence. The body of the deceased Parsee is carried up a steep staircase on a stretcher to the top of the tower and placed on a grate, completely undressed. The carriers run headlong downwards as the vultures immediately pounce on their prey. Within an hour, only bones remain of the dead body. When the vultures have done their job, the servants of the Towers of Silence use special tongs to throw the remains under the grate into a deep well at the bottom of the tower. In this way, the non-desecration of the four sacred elements is observed: fire, water, earth and sky.

In the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, a new form of burial was born - cremation. Appears new idea- the idea of the souls of ancestors, who, entering heaven with the smoke of the funeral pyre, must contribute to all heavenly operations (rain, fog, snow) for the benefit of those remaining on Earth.

In the era of antiquity until the period of the Roman Empire, along with burial in the ground, cremation also existed. Roman urns with ashes were usually installed in a columbarium (lat. columbarium - dovecote niche). This was the name of the niches in which urns containing the ashes of the dead were placed. They were located in rectangular or oval-shaped rooms specially built for this purpose, which were also built underground and could accommodate up to 700 niches with walled-up urns. Basically, columbaria were burial places for poor citizens.

The ritual of corpse burning was very widespread. In addition to the countries of the Greco-Roman world, it was observed in India, Indochina, China, Mongolia, among the ancient Finns and Slavs. Thus, in pre-Christian times, there were two main methods of burial in the world - burning and burial in the ground. The latter was resorted to, in particular, by the ancient Egyptians and Jews, from whom it was borrowed by Christianity and spread in both parts of the Roman Empire instead of the previously common burning of corpses there.

The graves of the ancient Jews were simple holes dug in the ground, or caves, of which there are many in Palestine. The entrance to the cave was blocked with stones. Sometimes the graves were carved into rocks and inside looked like a large room with small side chambers. Only kings and prophets were buried in cities. The rich usually had family graves and liked to carve them high into the rocks. It was considered humiliating not to be buried in the grave of one's fathers. Monuments made of stones or carved from rock were sometimes placed over the graves. After the winter rains, the graves were whitened with chalk in order to warn fellow believers from desecration when touching the grave, and therefore Jesus Christ likened the Pharisees to the painted ones, i.e. outwardly beautiful coffins, inside filled with the bones of the dead and all uncleanness (Gospel of Matthew, ch. 23, 27).

The Mongols, on the contrary, kept the burial place of their khans secret. It is still unknown where Genghis Khan is buried. One of the Mongolian chronicles says that a herd of 10 thousand horses was driven over the grave of Genghis Khan in order to raze the burial site to the ground.

Remembering Ancient Egypt, one cannot help but say about the practice of embalming the dead.

The oldest human mummy is 7041 years old. It was found not in Egypt, but in Chile, and is currently located in Santiago, in the National Museum of Nature. But, of course, we associate the word “mummy”, first of all, with the culture of Ancient Egypt.

For the procedure of embalming the dead and the burial ceremony, the priestly caste created a special ceremony. A manuscript about death and the preservation of the bodies of the dead, later called the “Book of the Dead,” was created by priests during the first Egyptian dynasty around 4266 BC. e.

The mummification process was quite long and painstaking, it lasted 70 days. Immediately after the supposed death of a person, the priest made an incision on the left side of the deceased’s abdomen and hastily removed the knife so as not to incur the wrath of the deceased’s relatives. This custom arose as a result of cases of premature misattribution of death. Then the assistants removed the internal organs, with the exception of the heart - the seat of the soul and thought, thoroughly washed them with aromatic liquids and filled them with peace and aromatic substances. Then everything was put back in place and stitched up, rubbing with embalming substances. Using a clever hook, the brain was removed piece by piece through the nostrils of the deceased, and the cranial cavity was also filled with spices. The body was washed with a saline solution and left for 70 days, then washed again, rubbed with gum, wrapped in cloth and placed in a wooden sarcophagus.

Mourners were indispensable participants in funerals in the ancient East. It depended on them how the funeral would go, whether “their singing would fill our eyes with tears” (Jeremiah). The mourners walked in the funeral procession with loose hair and bare breasts. For example, the Egyptians believed that the crying of professional mourners could bring the dead back to life.

In ancient times, relatives of the deceased loudly complained about the blows of an incomprehensible fate. According to custom, they also beat their chests and sprinkled ashes on their heads.

Many pre-Christian funeral rites featured elaborate ceremonies and bloody sacrifices. The most severe and cruel customs were at the funerals of Scythian leaders. Here is how the Greek historian Herodotus (IV century BC) describes them: after the death of the king, they cut the belly of the deceased, cleaned it and filled it with saffron, crushed incense, celery and anise seeds. Then they covered the king’s body with wax and transported it to Scythian villages and camps. And only after this the body was buried in a large quadrangular grave in a place chosen during the life of the king. As a sign of sadness, simple Scythians cut off the tip of their ear, their hair, made cuts on their hands, ripped open the skin on their forehead and nose, and pierced left hand arrows.

Together with the king they buried one of his concubines, as well as a cupbearer, a cook, a groom, a servant, an orderly, and then horses, the “firstborn” of all livestock; they placed gold and silver bowls, and a high hill was built over it all.

In those days when adherents of Christianity were persecuted, burials were carried out secretly, in catacombs, mines, and quarries. For burials in catacombs, wall niches were used - they were covered with slabs or walled up. Such catacombs were discovered in Alexandria, Rome, Naples, and Syracuse.

Christianity banned cremation as contrary to the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead, and by 400 cremation had virtually ceased in the Roman Empire. In 768, an official church ban followed.

IN medieval Europe ordinary peasants and townspeople were buried in common graves, which were opened whenever it was necessary to lay a new dead person.

With the establishment of Christianity as the state religion, a single funeral ritual that has survived to this day was formed. Not only the movements of numerous sects and heresies, but even wars, revolutions and changes in the social system could not change and shake it.

Rituals and sacraments. 2012

Graves of witches and wizards

If there was a bad rumor about a person during his lifetime, he was buried in a special way. The body could be burned, nailed to the ground, tied with belts, chopped up, tendons cut, or “sealed” with silver. Many peoples believed that a witch should be buried without a coffin, face down. Graves were often placed behind the fences of cemeteries, in forests, and at crossroads. They threw stones on top and planted thorny bushes.

If this is not done, the dead man will be able to get out. There is a belief that over time, holes and cracks appear on the graves of witches and sorcerers, through which they come to the surface. A large number of ants, bleeding grass and strange sounds from underground also indicate the place where the witch is buried. Without knowing these signs, it will be difficult to find him. But there are also well-known facts:

This cemetery is located in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. Well, I think many people have heard about the famous Salem witch trials of 1692. Then about 200 people were arrested on charges of witchcraft. Some were executed outright (hanged or crushed with stones), others died in prison.

True, in 1702 the authorities officially declared the process illegal, in 1957 all sentences were overturned, and in 1992 the cemetery became a memorial to the victims. By the way, in fact, those convicted of witchcraft were not buried there. There is not a single witch grave in Salem. But the legend attracts tourists there.

And in the forests of Michigan lies a witch who, according to legend, destroyed an entire city. If in 1874 there were about 1,500 residents in Pere Cheney, then by the beginning of the 20th century there were only 25 of them left. Two diphtheria epidemics wiped out most of the population, the rest left. And the disease, of course, was caused by a local witch.

They say she gave birth to a child out of wedlock and was banished. The baby died, and then the woman cursed the city. In the end, the witch was caught, hanged, and her body was buried. In that forest, dark figures and ghostly lights still appear, and the laughter of children can be heard. But get real photos of ghosts So far it hasn't been possible.

Graves of vampires and ghouls

Almost all nations have legends about the dead who drink living blood. Usually such a fate awaited suicides, sorcerers, excommunications... and many others. And, of course, those who have been bitten by a vampire. Naturally, people were afraid of these creatures and took measures to ensure that the deceased did not leave his grave after death. And for this it is important to properly bury someone who can become a vampire.

The body should be burned or at least pierced with an aspen stake and laid so that it is oriented from east to west. It is advisable to separate the head and place it between the feet. To prevent the corpse from eating its shroud, you need to slip something under the chin (stone, iron). You can also pour sawdust or grains into the coffin so that the vampire begins to count them and does not have time to get out before dawn. Here are the most famous burials:

In north London there is the old Highgate Cemetery. It has been attracting attention for a long time. Reports of vampires often appear, and suspicious graves are marked with the letter V. Visitors find dug up and headless corpses, empty coffins. Several bodies were exhumed, and they looked strange.

Plump, well-fed... not completely dead... Exist real photos of vampires, they look exactly like this. But everything is explained more simply. The corpse always swells, this is one of the stages of decomposition. There is blood on the lips. If a stake is pierced through the body, it may groan as the accumulated gases are forced past the vocal cords.

The Père Lachaise cemetery in France is also considered a haven for vampires. It all started in 1848, when some madman dug up several graves, pulled out bodies and badly damaged them. He believed that he had to do this. Since then, rumors have spread. However, appearance some of the tombstones are suggestive.

The symbolism of the burials looks ominous. Skulls and bats, which are considered the visual embodiment of vampires, fatalistic inscriptions... However, in the 19th century Western Europe it was accepted. According to another version, the image of a bat with outstretched wings served as protection from evil.

Wandering graves and restless crypts

There is a belief that the earth will not accept the ashes of a person if they have not been buried properly. Creepy stories the relocation of the graves flooded the Internet. In general, this phenomenon has been known for a long time, but the evidence is poor. Everyone rewrites the same texts, which mention non-existent cities and people. There are no real photos or documents.

Normal explanations too. Perhaps there are forces and energies at work here that we don’t yet know anything about. For example, when it exploded Chelyabinsk meteorite, strange things also happened... negative pressure and much more... But in the case of the graves there was something different. If they moved anywhere at all. Here are a couple of more or less plausible stories:

This event took place even before the revolution in a remote Russian village. At night, a mound of earth with a half-rotten cross appeared in one hut. They tried to remove the grave, but it turned out that there was also a lot of earth under the floor. When they took her out, human remains were found there.

The cross was similar to those installed in an abandoned cemetery near the village. How all this ended up in the hut, no one understood. The grave was removed and the bones were reburied. But the house had to be abandoned. Since then, people have avoided the terrible place.

The Chase family crypt is located in Barbados. It is carved out of the rock and covered with a marble slab. Every time it was opened, the coffins located there turned out to be turned on their sides, standing upright, scattered... They seemed to be crawling around the room. This was repeated from 1812 to 1820.

Various versions have been put forward, from Voodoo magic and Masonic rites to floods and shifts in the earth's crust. In the mid-20th century, researcher Eric Russell identified a number of patterns in these phenomena. He believed that metal coffins were moved by water under the influence of gravity and a magnetic field.

So what is it? True or just gossip? I don’t know.. But here the materials are collected all over the Internet, I couldn’t even identify the original sources. And the dead cannot confirm or deny the rumors that circulate about them. Waiting for better times, they will keep their ancient secrets.

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An ancient Transbaikal man is “dressed” in a bear skin. Slightly slanted oriental eyes and high cheekbones make him look like a mixture of Keanu Reeves and Jackie Chan. He looks about 30 years old - this is the average age at which people died during the Upper Paleolithic. The appearance of our ancient ancestor scientists reconstructed on the basis of remains discovered during excavations of the world's largest archaeological complex of Ust-Menza, which is located at the confluence of the Menza River and the Chikoy River in the southwest of Transbaikalia. There, two years ago, archaeologists found strange burials: small pits, less than a meter in diameter, where people were placed literally curled up in a ring. How and, most importantly, why they did it - scientists can only guess.

To date, this is the oldest burial discovered in Transbaikalia - it is approximately 8 thousand years old,” says the professor of the department national history Zabaikalsky state university, head of the Chikoy archaeological expedition (which discovered the burials), Mikhail Konstantinov. - The deceased person was laid on his side in accordance with the contour of the pit, and the body itself was covered with ocher - a red paint of natural origin.

Mikhail Vasilyevich has been leading excavations for decades, and it was he who excavated unusual burials. It is not easy for archaeologists to work in Transbaikalia: there are clayey and, most importantly, frozen soils, so excavations are progressing very slowly. It happens that the found skeleton cannot be removed because it begins to rain, so you have to build a polyethylene dome and wait until the weather improves and the soil dries out. It is advisable to lift the bones out of the ground with some soil so as not to accidentally damage them during cleaning. The find is covered with foam rubber, sealed in a box and sent for further study. In this case - to the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Here, with the help of a special technology, the crooked skeletons were straightened, the skulls were glued together and the teeth were cleaned with Blendamed. Now you can begin a detailed study, which sometimes lasts for years.

Important centimeters

Now specialists from the geogenetics laboratory of the University of Copenhagen have taken bone samples, and now we are waiting for clear dates of life, the radiocarbon method should help with this, - Sergei Vasiliev, head of the department of physical anthropology at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, explains to Ogonyok. - In addition, the Danes will explore DNA samples are part of a larger effort that is taking place all over the world. Scientists take DNA from different territories, for example from the Far East, Transbaikalia, Eastern Siberia, and compare them with each other. This makes it possible to understand how related different populations are, and, accordingly, to find out how ancient humanity migrated and settled.

In the anthropology department, in transparent plastic containers with multi-colored lids, which we often use to store all sorts of small things, there are skulls of various colors, shapes and sizes. Some of them are badly damaged, but surprisingly, despite their thousand-year history, many have excellent teeth.

Yes, this is surprising,” says junior researcher of the department Ravil Galeev, who recreated the appearance of the Transbaikal man. “Ancient people’s teeth, as a rule, were preserved in good condition throughout life. Caries arose simultaneously with changes in lifestyle and the formation of cities.

According to the scientist, the work to restore the appearance from the remaining bones is very long and painstaking. First, all the proportions of the skeleton are carefully measured, and sometimes a separate specialist works on each part of the body, be it ears or teeth. The reconstructor then restores the missing parts of the skull using a special mixture of wax, rosin and tooth powder - this mixture does not damage the bone and is perfectly preserved. Using a 3D printer, an exact copy is taken from the skull - the plastic cast is light, reminiscent of a foam model. Already on top of it, scientists use sculptural plasticine to recreate facial features - the methods for this difficult work were developed in this laboratory by the famous anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov. Now they are used all over the world. Finally, a copy is made of hard plastic or bronze, which is usually sent to a museum.

To reconstruct the appearance, experts studied in detail the skeletons of ancient people. In total, the remains of eight people were found - five men, two women and one child. It turned out that they are similar to modern people. True, there are still differences - the height of the ancient Transbaikalians, by our standards, is slightly below average, they have very narrow shoulders (no more than 31 centimeters even for men) and more elongated forearms. Judging by the remains, the ancient people suffered from infections, blood diseases, such as anemia, calcium deficiency and cold - this is evidenced by the specially modified facial skeleton and cranial vault, as well as narrowed external auditory canals.

Thanks to anthropological reconstructions, we know that they were Mongoloids,” says Professor Konstantinov from Transbaikal University. “This is the type of person that is most often called Paleo-Asian. They form the basis for further Siberian ethnic groups, the closest to them are the Mongolian and Tungusic.

In April, Japanese specialists from the famous Tokyo Metropolitan University are going to come to Chita, where last years Geoarchaeology and experimental archeology are developing. These relatively new trends recreate the tools, crafts and life of previous generations based on ancient technologies. For example, in Lately Experiments are actively carried out here to understand how ancient people split stones.

We are expecting a visit from one of the most famous specialists in this field - Professor Masami Izuho,” says Professor Mikhail Konstantinov. “He specializes in the study of the Paleolithic of Eurasia. The Japanese are interested in all the skeletons discovered in Transbaikalia. They make copies and then display them in the Central historical museum in Tokyo. The Japanese quite rightly consider all Siberian peoples to be their relatives. In this, by the way, they are very different from the Chinese, who, on the contrary, consider their nation exceptional.

At all, modern science, according to scientists, is changing towards greater complexity, which is very important. Archaeologists work together with geologists, geographers, and specialists in fauna and flora, and this allows us to imagine how people lived in specific natural conditions. True, we still know little.

Feel the time

It is not known exactly when people came to Transbaikalia. It is only clear that first they were Neanderthals, and then Cro-Magnons. Not long ago, the Chikoy expedition discovered the oldest monument archeology of Transbaikalia - a human site at least 120 thousand years old. Thus, the history of human presence in this region increased by about 40 thousand years.

Previously it was believed that people appeared here about 80 thousand years ago. They came from the south - from the territory of modern Mongolia and from China. People moved in search of food along the rivers, which are called the roads of antiquity, and from here they went further to Yakutia, to the Arctic. Then, along the then existing land bridge - Beringia, they crossed to Alaska. It is known that this bridge rose from the water at least six times, and each time animals and, later, people migrated across it in both directions. So the ancient Transbaikal man is a relative of the American Indians.

In the Transbaikal region itself, the climate changed dramatically several times: before the advent of man, there were subtropics with ferns and vines; recently, in Buryatia, near Gusinoozersk, the bones and teeth of a monkey 3 million years old were discovered. But in the times of the ancient Transbaikalians it was already quite cold, there were mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses.

These are Stone Age cultures. People then were hunters, fishermen, gatherers,” says Professor Mikhail Konstantinov. “They knew how to do a lot of things, including building dwellings in the form of tents, using bows and arrows, and making dishes from clay. They also made tools from stone, selecting beautiful rocks - jade, jasper, chalcedony. If we talk about recent important finds, I would note the oldest bear sculpture we found in the world. It is 35 thousand years old and is one of the oldest works of art in the world. The sculpture is made from a rhinoceros vertebra. We also found a moose head and a very beautiful “chief’s staff” made from a reindeer antler - these are the rarest finds.

The hardest thing is to restore spiritual world ancient people. Their burials always speak of religiosity - of some idea of the afterlife. The burial of the Baikal man is especially interesting in this regard.

It is not yet clear why such a strange form of body position was needed, says Professor Konstantinov, but red ocher traditionally symbolizes fire, blood and the continuation of life. All this reflects the belief in the afterlife, in life after death. This, apparently, is an attempt to understand the world, find one’s place, and strengthen one’s strength.

The strange shape of the burials is not the only mystery of the past. Not long ago, scientists came across a unique burial of a dog 5-7 thousand years old. Apparently, the animal was buried with special honors, because stone tools were found next to the body.

To better understand the culture of the distant past, scientists lack more artifacts, but recapturing them in these parts is quite problematic. For example, on the Angara and Yenisei, sandy banks often collapse and produce finds themselves. In Altai there are a large number of unexplored caves, where, in all likelihood, there is a chance to make a discovery, but here you need to go literally at random. So scientists call patience the main quality of an archaeologist.

Our further efforts will be aimed at discovering more ancient burials,” says Professor Mikhail Konstantinov. “Now we are talking about burials that are 7-8 thousand years old, but we know that man appeared in Transbaikalia at least 100 thousand years ago. We found more than a thousand stone tools from that period, defined as the Middle Paleolithic, but anthropological material of this age is still unknown in Transbaikalia. We hope to discover traces of human presence in Transbaikalia, who lived 200-300 thousand years ago. It’s paradoxical, but to get to know ourselves, we need to go back centuries.

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Dear readers, some names, dates and places of action in our material have been changed, because much information on this topic has not yet been declassified. A number of inaccuracies in the coverage of events were intentionally made.

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The day of September 11, 2001 became a certain milestone in the public consciousness - the date that international terrorism reached a qualitatively new level of confrontation with socio-political institutions that the so-called free world declares as the only correct ones. But the circumstances of this tragedy involuntarily suggest some “wrong” thoughts.

Traveling through the south or west of Ukraine, you will certainly see a castle around almost every turn of the road. Shrouded in morning haze, well preserved or even dilapidated, it will make your heart beat faster, reminding you of the chivalric novels you once read.

On that day, July 16, 1676, all of Paris was buzzing like an alarmed beehive. Of course, it’s not every day that such a dangerous criminal, and besides, a woman, is executed. And not just any woman, but one of the first beauties of the French kingdom.

It is difficult to understand what genre the proposed text should be classified into. There are many interesting points in it, but the evidence base is somewhat problematic.

However, given that the Slavs resorted to burning the deceased, we can assume that the author is on the right track.

Having been involved in the inventory of cemeteries in Russia for many years, I have the largest database in the country CKORBIM.COM and a clear idea that there are three-hundred-year-old cemeteries only in St. Petersburg, and in general in our churchyards no more than 200 years.

But human bones will last a thousand years, if people are buried in some places for decades. And how should we understand this?

In such a situation, construction in the central part of the country would constantly come across cemetery burials and face archaeological examination, but this does not happen on a large scale. We only have single cases even in cities with a thousand-year history. Why?

There are ancient burials in the ground themselves, but these are either monastery graves of clergy, or burial mounds of Scythian princes in the southern forestless part of the country and in Ukraine.

Where were ordinary residents of the country buried? Where are the cemeteries of the XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII centuries? Either due to the archaeological monopoly of the state, all this is hidden from us, or they did not exist at all?

Now, for legal archaeological research you need to ask permission in Moscow, and taboos are imposed on many topics and interesting objects. But it is not possible to hide thousands of cemeteries within the borders of cities with a billion people buried over time official history Christianity in Rus'.

This means that two to three hundred years ago the main funeral structure was the funeral pyre, and the country was in a dual faith format, when Christianity penetrated only into the capitals and the western part of Russia.

Our real story- this is the most a big secret, and we won’t get too involved in it now, just assessing the objective facts. A billion Russian people buried in the ground simply no, since about ten percent of their bones would remain in the cultural layer of the largest cities.

How were they buried before the religious reforms of the time of Peter I and the Time of Troubles? Apparently, until the 18th century in Russia, the tribal social structure, built on Vedic principles of Old Belief.

There are descriptions in the literature of numerous cases of self-immolation under the pressure of religious persecution. But nothing is said about the funeral pyre and funeral feast for dead people, which I see obvious church censorship.

Why did people during the Nikonian church reforms die in such a terrible way as self-immolation? Obviously, in order to immediately fulfill all the requirements of the funeral rite, since then there was no one to bury on the funeral pyre.

The burning of heretics throughout Europe in this case appears to have been deliberately distorted funeral ritual in relation to the so-called “pagans” or Old Believers. The witches' hammer took care of violating all the Vedic rules of death so that the soul of a tortured person could not get to the higher worlds.

I will assume that the burning of “heretics” at the stake was accompanied by special black magic rites of the Catholic Church.

Thus, the self-immolation of the Old Believers is a funeral service in which people who were still alive sang the last funeral song to themselves. Someone most likely remained alive to perform rituals for nine, forty days and an hour.

Accordingly, the main Russian funeral structure still remains cremation or cremation.

Only in the last two centuries has burial in the ground taken over under pressure from the state and the Catholic church system. The word Orthodoxy refers to Vedic beliefs, and consists of a list of the higher worlds of Rule and Glory. But we are ordered to forget all this.

The full name of the Russian Orthodox Church is the Orthodox, Greek Catholic Church. Orthodox is a true believer, not Orthodox, but replacing one letter in the Russian version of the word catholic should not deceive anyone.

The Russian Orthodox Church is Orthodox, Greek Catholic a church that now has nothing in common with Russian Orthodoxy.

All this is connected with the wary attitude of the Russian Orthodox Church towards cremation; at first it was rejected altogether, although, based on the Bible, the body of a deceased person should become ASHES, but not DESPITIVE. It should burn.

Now, under the pressure of objective processes, funeral ceremonies are carried out everywhere in crematoriums. At a new stage of development, cremation restores the funeral pyre, and our common task is to return the TRIZNA as the correct rite of seeing off the soul to the higher worlds.

In my article about life and death, I examined in detail the circumstances of the emergence of cemeteries in Russian Empire, I’ll look at this from a different angle to get to main problem: how is it right for a soul to go to the next world, and what significance does cremation play in this?

So, let’s imagine a fabulous picture of Vedic Rus', which existed three hundred or a little more years ago. Death is not a natural process, everyone lives happily ever after, and no one is going to die.

At some stage spiritual development people fall into a lethargic sleep, which is why kings have tombs and ordinary people have crypts.

The crypt is a wooden structure, riveted from the outside with special fastenings using the riveting method. In a dream, sleeping beauties are under the control of priests for many months, rebuild their bodies and, after waking up, practically do not age.

Waking up from a lethargic sleep, a person easily breaks off the boards of the crypt from the inside, protecting him from wild and domestic animals, and goes outside.

The life we know for them serves only the role of the primary stage: a cocoon or caterpillar. And after a lethargic sleep, which is also depicted in the story of the resurrection of Jesus Christ, people begin to live the full, eternal life of a butterfly in a rebuilt physical body.

Common beliefs can be simplistically described as the cult of joy and the cult of ancestors. The overall organizational basis is circular, the power structure is a nesting doll (not a pyramid). In it, the elders envelop and protect the younger ones, treating them like fathers.

People die few and far between, mostly on the battlefield. The clan structure ensures the reincarnation of the dead in the same clan, through the rite of calling. That is, the grandfather persuades his grandchildren to be born their child before passing away. The calls are carried out by cliques, who were finally exterminated during the Soviet years.

Loving people can continue their family union in many lives, so if the husband died suddenly, then the wife could enter the funeral pyre with him in order to enter a new birth at the same time, and continue her journey in a new incarnation.

Just treat this as a Russian fairy tale about the golden age, with which it all began, and look at what and how the enemies did to us. The funeral pyre in those days fulfills role of instant destruction physical body, to which the soul and astral body were attached.

A person is a community of physical and spiritual components; after death, these connections are not destroyed until the soft tissues decay. Cremation leads to the fact that the soul no longer holds anything, and with the help of a funeral feast it is easily directed through the authorities, and the astral body becomes a guardian angel of living relatives.

Through the ritual of scattering ashes in the home, the guardian angel is clearly tied to the family nest and performs security functions for the family, and all guardian angels collectively for the entire country.

In this regard, the threshold where a significant part of the ashes was placed is of great importance, so it is impossible to say hello through the threshold, and therefore during the wedding the groom carries the bride over the threshold in his arms, thereby authorizing her with the guardian angels as an integral part of himself, which is now covered by the ancestral protection.

Expressions like “enemies on the doorstep” also characterize the work of the now generic defense throughout the entire country, the Motherland.

This invincible social structure of our ancestors, who could live for centuries in a young body, eventually won.

As a result of gigantic cataclysms and the Flood, most of the Rus were destroyed, and the rest were cleared out by international invasions, known to us as the suppression of the Generalissimo of the Holy Roman Empire Suvorov Pugachev uprising and the war with Napoleon.

People of the older generation everywhere do not know the name of their grandfather’s grandfather, because at some point we were almost completely exterminated, and the remaining children were raised by the Latin executioners (kat - executioner, to cut) in a new tradition.

Gave new names , religion of death instead of the cult of ancestors, new clothes, holidays, musical instruments, calendar, chronology, history, food, burial rites, etc.

Not a single word in modern funerary culture is in any way connected with its real meaning, because all these words are within Russian culture generally meant other things not related to the death of the physical body. What does the word funeral or buried originally mean?

A cellar is a specially equipped place for long-term storage of something valuable in the ground. What does death and a dead body have to do with it? Was someone going to get it by a certain date?

No. A cemetery is a place with a lot of treasures, and a treasure is something important hidden for a while from prying eyes. What is a funeral and burying? The first meaning is to hide and hide, the second meaning is to bury = save. Try to put death in all these words - and nothing will come of it.

Now the term death itself. The root is in it MEASURE, measure, moderate, measure, die, moderate - cognate verbs, which for some reason do not have death with the root death.

Death is initially - this is a change of dimension in which a person resides, a transition to another dimension. And from the TRANSITION, we were left with only Departure from life, and in the end, all questions were generally reduced to biology, to stopping the vital activity of the body.

Illustration of the process of separation of essence and body after death. From the book by N. Levashov “ Last message to humanity»

The words deceased and deceased do not in any way refer to the death of an organism. Deceased, tomb, bedroom and dormancy is associated with sleep, most likely long-term lethargic sleep, which ensures a person’s phase transition to a new physiological state. At some point, sleep was made eternal and equated with death, and the deceased and the deceased were also attached there.

Peace has two semantic cores. The first is again associated with sleep, when the chambers are close to the bedroom where people rest. The one who has died in the bedchamber is also a type of sleeper.

Words deceased, sleeping, deceased, deceased,(and perhaps) the deceased used to have different meanings most likely related to different types sleep. You need to understand that in the Russian language there were initially no synonyms; they were formed only with the loss of some objects and phenomena, when words remained in the language and were attached to something close.

The second semantic core of peace - this is peace, as a state of mind (system) in which there is no internal conflicts and contradictions, and external objects are perceived equally balanced.

In this case we are talking about balance and equilibrium, and not about the zero level, when no perception is any longer possible. To rest in peace means to be in positive resonance with it, not to lose all connections.

If you correctly arrange the meanings of Russian words, then the picture of historical reality will become obvious and very visual. Let's try to do this for... now I don't even know what words to describe our theme about death.

Let's return to our Russian fairy tale, at some point captured by the Latins. Having subjugated the country and killed almost the entire adult population, they discovered a huge number of wooden boxes (crypts) in which sleeping beauties and handsome men lay in lethargic sleep.

These people made the transition to a new physiological and spiritual level, achieving the death of the physical body, which was demonstrated by Jesus Christ in front of a large crowd of people after suffering from the Latins (Romans).

Having received severe injuries, he entered a state of short-term lethargic sleep, rebuilt his body, woke up (resurrected), calmly rolled away the multi-ton boulder and went out to the international community.

He showed his wounded hands and explained to the gathered people the principles of eternal life in a PHYSICAL BODY, which can self-renew and be restored.

Then the Pharisees distorted everything and changed the meanings, talking about the non-death of the soul, thereby establishing the cult of death of the physical body, to which our entire civilization is now subordinated.

In Rus', the Latins (Romans) who came with the ROMANOVS discovered hundreds of thousands of crypts, boxes with sleeping people waiting for their “resurrection”.

They naturally began to destroy it all. The relatives of the sleeping people tried different ways save (bury) your loved ones from the authorities of the third Rome, from which the word funeral was formed. And there were only two ways to do this: either lower the crypts into the cellar, or take them out into the open field and bury them to a shallow depth, lightly covering them with earth.

From those buried in the cellars, “burial” began, which involved the removal of the deceased after awakening. The word “cemetery” came from treasures in secluded places, where the deceased lay in large quantities. And the most valuable treasure that was hidden (buried) was life of a loved one.

The new government mercilessly killed those found sleeping in cellars and treasures by driving aspen stakes into the chest, which was later presented as a method of combating all evil spirits.

Awakened people crawled out of crypts in cemeteries, came home and were further persecuted. The burning of heretics was used everywhere in Europe because only it gave a 100% guarantee of a person’s non-resurrection after execution.

After the extermination of knowledgeable and knowledgeable people, continuity was lost and we ceased to control the processes of lethargic sleep. Latin doctors (from the word lie) classified and still qualify deep sleep without signs of pulse, breathing or heartbeat as death.

People who had fallen asleep began to be buried in the ground along with the dead in cemeteries, which changed their meaning, since funeral pyres (by the way, they cannot be “funeral”) and funeral feasts were universally banned and they switched to burying the dead in the ground.

All cemetery horror films are connected with this, because people who were considered dead after a while crawled out of their graves and returned home. They were classified as evil spirits and exterminated because the understanding of the processes was lost.

When cases of revival in cemeteries became widespread, the authorities and the church decided to roll over the burial gravestone. The compressed earth under a 100-kilogram stone made it practically impossible for the awakened person to escape from the grave.

The hands of the dead were tied, the crypt was replaced by well-built coffin, which now also performed the function of carrying the body to the burial site or burial site.

These places themselves have lost their semantic difference, although the original burial was a special case of burial, when the crypt was buried in a cellar.

In the 19th century, the most common phobia in Russia and Europe was the fear of being buried alive Therefore, in the end, it was forbidden to bury before three days after death, dormers were made in the graves, and priests walked around fresh burials, checking for signs of decay.

There were even graves for the rich with a supply of food and food for the first time, which is abundantly described in the literature.

The final blow to lethargic sleep and death of the physical body was dealt by Roman medicine, having decided to do an autopsy with the aim of guaranteeing the finishing off of everyone who has fallen into a borderline state between life and death.

Slowly we are being pushed towards a 100% autopsy, giving a final solution to this problem, although now people practically do not reach the spiritual level necessary for lethargic sleep.

In the spiritual aspect, the destruction of the tribal way of life and the refusal of cremation have led to the most dire consequences over the past two hundred years:

1. Burial in the ground of a really deceased person for a long time preserves the connection between the undecayed body and the astral body, and perhaps the soul. The astral body does not become a guardian angel of living relatives; it loses orientation, being tied to an undecomposed corpse.

Instead of protecting relatives, the reverse process begins, the astral double of the deceased imbues the body in the cemetery with energy, trying to reanimate it. The energy itself is taken away from close relatives who are grieving their loss.

2. Our dead do not become “like sentries” in Vysotsky’s song. The astral bodies of departing people acquire vampiric characteristics and are collected in huge quantities in cemeteries.

They do not become defenders of the Russian clan and land, but, on the contrary, consumers of energy and vitality their living relatives. Over time, such entities can acquire a pronounced demonic orientation, appearing in dreams and ghosts, harassing close relatives and acquaintances

3. The best, most spiritually strong people are bullied relics of saints"preventing the decomposition of the body forever. Thus, the powerful souls of monks and holy people cannot completely break the connection with our world and normally move through the afterlife in the right direction and in new incarnations.

4. Pyramids, ziggurats and mausoleums with mummies, temples with relics, cemeteries in cities program the entire surrounding space and people for DEATH, which is an unnatural process.

5. Physical actions of hammering, calling, wrapping the dead, laying them down with a gravestone, accompanied by various kinds of prayers and expressions, the meaning of which no one understands for a long time, actually perform the function of sealing the non-mortal soul in our world.

All this prevents her from leaving and is fraught with death due to the loss of energy in the interworld. Why no one understands the meaning of funeral prayers for a long time, I explained using the example of analyzing the meaning of words.

The funeral prayer itself is in fact a prayer for someone sleeping in a lethargic sleep, it is a prayer for his miraculous transformation and transition to deathlessness in the physical body.

6. The transition to burial in the ground has become a key element in establishing the cult of death in modern civilization. Cremation leaves no material traces of the body, but burial in the ground continuously accumulates and intensifies these traces.

Even from the point of view of the sanitary and epidemiological station cemeteries are poisoned by hundreds of infections and cadaveric poison in different manifestations. They constantly smell of negative astral energy, from restless souls and demonic entities living there.

At the same time, cemeteries were turned into places of ancestor worship, and place of worship of death.

7. For two or three centuries, burials in the ground by our own hands and the hands of doctors recording death have been killing the best of us who have fallen into borderline states of lethargic sleep.

Doctors cannot distinguish deep sleep from death, they do not know a single real cause of natural (non-criminal and non-traumatic) death, and yet in the near future an autopsy to determine these causes may become one hundred percent.

8. Now a person’s corpse has been turned into evidence against relatives, it is opened, examinations are made, and it can be exhumed several times. Abuse of a dead body has dire consequences on the soul. Not by chance warriors of all times and peoples first of all saved the bodies of fallen comrades from enemies.

Now we are handing over to be torn to pieces by the enemies from the Roman system of law and medicine who defeated us, the bodies of all our close relatives who did not die of old age. Desecration of the body can complicate or make impossible the correct afterlife path of the soul.

9. The dead in cemeteries have stopped rotting en masse, which is confirmed by data from judicial exhumations. The bodies in the coffins are fed with preservative medicines and the wrong food, the astral bodies transfer energy to them out of hopelessness, having lost their objective purpose.

The dead have stopped turning to dust, but does that bother anyone?

Of course I'm going to live forever, and so far everything is going well. But if suddenly something goes wrong, then I bequeath that I will be burned in the forest near the house. In our clearing, place two large sheets of metal and a carload of birch firewood on top. Scatter the ashes throughout the house and basement. There is an agreement with the forest.

The oldest cemetery in the world. Ancient burial Ancient human burial

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what ANCIENT BURIALS are in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Graves of witches and wizards

Graves of vampires and ghouls

Wandering graves and restless crypts

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