To g Paustovsky warm bread the main idea. K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”: description, characters, analysis of the work

“Warm bread” analysis - theme and main idea, real and fabulous in the story. You will also learn what the fairy tale “Warm Bread” teaches.

“Warm bread” Paustov analysis

Genre- story

Subject- labor and care for animals

The main idea. An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better not to do evil to anyone, ever.

Time- the events take place during the Civil War, in the village of Berezhki

• Filka - main character works "Warm Bread"
• Wounded horse
• Melnik Pankrat
• Grandma
• Magpie
• Frost, blizzard
• Guys
• Residents of the village of Berezhki

What does the fairy tale “Warm Bread” teach?

The fairy tale teaches you to live correctly and treat people kindly. And then life will become easier and more interesting. You need to do good to people, and if you make a mistake, you shouldn’t be afraid to repent and correct the mistake. The fairy tale teaches us kindness, mercy, responsibility for our words and actions, respect for bread, work and perseverance in achieving noble goals.

What is real in the fairy tale “Warm Bread”

1. War, a wounded horse, hunger, human anger, an indifferent boy
2. A disabled person begging for alms, humiliation of the beggar.
3. Grandmother Filka
4. The boy’s decision to go to people for help.
5. Help from Pankrat and other village residents: joint work, work that melts the ice, bringing the mill and the inhabitants of the entire village back to life.
6. The joy of forgiveness, reconciliation. Sensitivity of a horse.

What is fantastic about the fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

1. Miller-sorcerer; a whistle that causes a cold and punishes an evil person. Wind, frost, mice.
2. Grandmother's story about an incident 100 years ago (legend).

Recently I was able to read Paustovsky’s story Warm Bread. As it turned out, this is a wonderful work by a Soviet humanist writer who preferred to write about ordinary people. His works have been translated into many languages. All his heroes are similar to boys and girls like us, which is why his stories, such as Paustovsky’s fairy tale Warm Bread for reader's diary, are very close and understandable to everyone.

Paustovsky Warm bread

The story takes the reader in wartime to a simple village where a soldier passed by with a wounded horse. He left the animal, and Pankrat, a local miller, took care of it. And after that, all the residents tried to feed the horse, which visited every courtyard and was a public one.

One day a horse came into the yard where the aggressive Filka lived. At that moment the boy was eating bread and thereby attracted the hungry horse to him. However, he did not share it with the horse, and instead, he threw away the bread and hit the horse. With his callousness, Filka almost caused a disaster, because a harsh winter with severe frosts fell on the village. All the water froze, but the mill stopped working. The grandmother told her grandson that this had already happened many years ago, when an old wounded soldier was offended. Apparently, even now there is an evil person in the village, because this happens from people’s anger.

Filka realized his mistake, went to the miller and made every effort to fix everything, including making peace with the horse, treating him to fresh warm bread.

Main characters

The central character of Paustovsky's fairy tale was a boy from the village who lived with his grandmother. He was an angry, callous and distrustful boy, constantly refusing to help his acquaintances and friends. There was no warmth or love in his heart for living beings, so he easily offended the horse, not realizing how cruelly he was treating the horse. Only after a conversation with her grandmother does Filka realize her mistake and quickly corrects everything. And here we see other features that were revealed by the end of Paustovsky’s fairy tale Warm Bread. We saw Filka as hardworking, smart, and possessing organizational skills. They saw a hero who managed to see and admit a mistake, who managed to earn the horse’s trust and forgiveness.

Another hero I would like to highlight is Pankrat. He was a miller and took in a wounded animal. This is a reasonable hero, with life experience behind you, wise and sympathetic. He does not deny the boy the opportunity to fix everything and gives the opportunity to show that even in such hooligans there is something human and good.

Main idea

In the work Warm Bread main idea The author's desire is to show readers how important it is to be responsive, generous and kind. After all, kindness is the most valuable thing human quality, and all good deeds will respond to the kindness of other people. But callousness and indifference lead to trouble. At the same time, the writer says that each of us can be an evil Filka, but the main thing is to realize the mistake in time and repent, becoming more merciful, more responsive and kinder.

The main characters of Konstantin Paustovsky’s story “Warm Bread” are a village boy Filka and a horse named Boy. The horse was special, a cavalry horse, he was wounded in the leg and was left in the village, with the miller Pankrat. It was difficult for the old miller to feed his horse, and the horse often wandered around the village in search of food.

One day he came to the house where the boy Filka lived with his grandmother. Filka was eating bread and salt at that moment. He left the house, and the horse reached for bread. But the boy hit the horse on the lips, shouted angrily at him and threw the bread into the snow.

The horse neighed in fear, waved its tail, and at that moment a snowstorm began. The snowstorm was so strong that Filka had difficulty getting home. His grandmother was able to return home only in the evening, when the snowstorm subsided. After the snowstorm, it became sharply cold, and the grandmother was worried that because of the frost there would be famine in the village.

She said that once upon a time there was the same frost, generated by human malice. One man did not want to give bread to a disabled soldier and threw the bread on the floor. The soldier picked up the bread, left the house, whistled and a severe frost fell on the village.

Filka, realizing that his rudeness to the horse had caused the frost, asked his grandmother what to do now? Grandmother said that we should go to the miller Pankrat for advice. That's what Filka did. He came to the miller and told him how rudely he had treated the horse. The miller said that Filka must come up with a way to correct the situation, because the frost froze the water, the mill stopped, and he could not grind flour.

Filka thought and said that he would persuade the guys to go out to the pond with crowbars to break up the ice. This conversation was heard by an old magpie who lived in the miller's outhouse. The magpie flew away somewhere unnoticed.

The next day, the village boys went out to break the ice. Old people also joined them. Everyone worked together, and no one noticed how the warm southern wind began to blow. By evening the ice cracked and water poured onto the mill wheel.

In the evening the magpie also returned. She told the village crows that she flew to the warm sea, where she woke up a warm wind in the mountains and asked him for help. But the crows didn't believe her.

Meanwhile, at the mill, Pankrat was grinding grain into flour. Delighted residents lit the stoves and began baking bread from flour.

In the morning, the village children, led by Filka, came to Pankrat with a loaf of warm bread. They said that Filka wants to make peace with the horse. At first the horse was afraid of Filka, but the miller calmed him down. Then the horse took a piece of bread sprinkled with salt from the boy’s hands and ate it. Then he ate another piece and put his head on Filka’s shoulder as a sign of reconciliation.

That's how it is summary fairy tales

The main idea of ​​Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” is that one should not offend the weak. Filka offended the horse, and nature itself took revenge on both him and the villagers by sending in a severe frost. And only the active actions of people and the help of the old magpie helped correct the situation.

The fairy tale teaches us to be kind to both people and animals, and not to offend anyone needlessly.

In the fairy tale, I liked the old magpie, who went on a long flight to ask the warm wind to help people escape from the frost.

What proverbs fit Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

When doing evil, do not hope for good.
Take care of your nose in the extreme cold.
Even an old lady can’t live without the edge.
For a great cause - great help.

Class: 5

Key words: means of expression

Purpose of the lesson:

1) analysis of the work,

2) familiarity with the concept of sin, atonement, repentance in Orthodox teaching,

3) development of students’ analytical thinking,

4) moral education.

Improve expressive reading skills,

Develop the ability to analyze, identify cause-and-effect relationships, argue one’s point of view, the ability to generalize, apply previously acquired knowledge when analyzing a work of art,

Develop students' cognitive abilities and expand their horizons.

Equipment: portrait of the writer, books of the writer, illustrations from the Holy Scriptures, multimedia projector, laptop, stereo system.

During the lesson, the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” is played.

Lesson progress

I pray and repent
And I cry again
And I renounce
From an evil deed...
A.K. Tolstoy

I. Organizational moment.

II. Announcing the topic and purpose of the lesson. Introduction to the epigraph of the lesson. Remind students what an epigraph is and its purpose.

III. Opening remarks teachers about K.G. Paustovsky.

Appendix 1 (A portrait of the writer is projected on the screen, slides illustrating his biography)

K. G. Paustovsky is a famous Russian writer. Born in 1892 in Moscow, but spent his childhood in Ukraine. His family moved from place to place several times, first to Pskov, then to Vilna, and finally settled in Kyiv. Paustovsky's father served as a statistician in the department railway, and, according to the writer himself, the family’s frequent moves were due to his quarrelsome character.

The future writer studied at the Kyiv gymnasium, where he began to write his first works.

After graduating from high school in 1912, he entered Kiev University, the Faculty of History and Philology, then transferred to Moscow University, the Faculty of Law. The First World War forced him to interrupt his studies. Paustovsky became a counselor on the Moscow tram and worked on an ambulance train. In 1915, with a field medical detachment, he retreated along with the Russian army across Poland and Belarus.

After the death of his two brothers, Paustovsky returned to Moscow to his mother, but after some time he left there. During this period, he worked at the Bryansk Metallurgical Plant in Yekaterinoslavl, at the Novorossiysk Metallurgical Plant in Yuzovka, at a boiler plant in Taganrog, and in a fishing cooperative on the Sea of ​​Azov. In his free time, he began to write his first story, “Romantics,” which was published only in the 1930s in Moscow. After the start of the February Revolution, he left for Moscow and began working as a reporter for newspapers, witnessing all the events in Moscow during the days of the October Revolution.

During civil war served in the Red Army in a guard regiment. Subsequently, he moved to Kyiv, traveled a lot around the south of Russia, lived for two years in Odessa, working for the newspaper “Moryak”. From Odessa, Paustovsky left for the Caucasus, living in Sukhumi, Batumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, and Baku.

In 1923 Paustovsky returned to Moscow. He worked as an editor at ROSTA for several years and began publishing. His first collection of short stories was published in 1928. In the 1930s, Paustovsky worked actively as a journalist for the Pravda newspaper and the magazines 30 Days, Our Achievements and others, and traveled widely around the country. Many of the impressions from these trips were embodied in works of art.

During the Great Patriotic War Paustovsky worked as a war correspondent on the Southern Front and wrote stories.

In the 1950s, Paustovsky lived in Moscow and Tarusa-on-Oka. Awarded the Order of Lenin, other orders and a medal.

Konstantin Georgievich spent the last years of his life in the city of Tarusa, which he loved with all his soul. May 30, 1967 K.G. Paustovsky was awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of the City of Tarusa". And this is well deserved. Paustovsky fell in love with Tarusa and fought for its preservation and development. K.G. was buried. Paustovsky at the local cemetery on the outskirts of the city above the steep bank of the Taruska River.

Russia saw off Paustovsky
to the quiet final threshold.
The rains were falling slantingly,
washed the long road.
Wide, far, in quiet grief
The day was dull, gray and light brown.
On the high Oka slope
buried Paustovsky Tarus.

Konstantin Georgievich is an adult writer. His novels and stories brought light, joy and hope into our harsh lives. The writer did not forget about children, having composed several fairy tales for them: “The Disheveled Sparrow”, “The Steel Ring”, “The Dense Bear”, “Warm Bread”, etc.

These works are not quite like fairy tales. Since the events described in them are very life-like, real. But each tale contains deep thoughts that confirm the power of words, strengthening our spirit and the wisdom of Christian commandments.

Konstantin Georgievich lived in a time when the very word God, the laws of God were banned, temples were destroyed, sacred books were destroyed. To convey to readers the wisdom of Christ's commandments, the writer resorted to the form of parables, calling them fairy tales.

IV. Vocabulary work: let's remember what a parable is? (A concise, short instructive story - edification). Write down the definition in your literature notebook.

V. Working with the text of a fairy tale. Reading with commentary. Conversation on questions about the content of the fairy tale.

How can you compositionally define this part of the tale? That's right, the introduction, which introduces us to the situation, introduces us to the circumstances that preceded the main event.

2) What did we learn about the horse and Pankrat?

A) What did we learn about Filka?

B) Did you like the boy?

Q) Why is he like this and why is he called Filka, and not Filey or Filipp?

D) Why does he live not with his grandmother, but with his grandmother?

D) Where are his parents?

E) How do the old and young manage without help?

G) What feelings does Filka make you feel?

VI. Working with landscape. What picture of winter does the author paint? Which poem does it remind you of? (A. Pushkin “October has already arrived...”)

VII. What once happened in Berezhki? Read the episode from the words: “On one of those warm gray days...” to the words “You won’t get enough of Christ-seekers...”.

VIII. Anadiz of the read episode. What did Filka do in this episode? Sin. An evil, cruel thing. He offended the wounded horse, which lived thanks to the mercy of people. He committed a vile act. These words reek of such malice that it will inevitably lead to disaster.

IX. What disaster happened in Berezhki? (Retell the episode: amazing things in Berezhki).

X. Why does the whole village pay for the evil deed of one boy?

XI. What life lesson did Grandma tell Filka? Why did the grandmother tell her grandson the story with the man and the soldier? Did she guess that Filka had done evil?

XII. What can you call this story that happened a hundred years ago? Right, parable. It is in the form of a parable, following Jesus Christ, that people pass on their life experiences from generation to generation and teach children life lessons.

XIII. Did Filka take his grandmother's lesson? Did you understand that you had committed a very bad act and that you needed to somehow correct what you had done? What do you think about the grandmother’s parable made the greatest impression on him?

XIV. Teacher's word. Filka was overcome by fear. Adam and Eve were also once afraid of what they had done and decided to hide from God, because they were overcome by fear and shame. Our little sinner does the same. Don't you, when you do something unpleasant, try to hide what you did? But God, your conscience, is omnipresent. His voice rings in your heart. And the longer you hide your sin, the more bitter the retribution will be later and the more difficult it will be to overcome fear and shame.

Physical exercise. Indeed, every person has an invisible part - the soul, and a visible part - the body.

Let's check if our body is in place. Stand up straight. Raise your heads up. Now we tilt our heads to our shoulders and rotate our heads. Well done! Everyone has a head on their shoulders! We raise our shoulders up. Now let's straighten our back, bring our shoulder blades together, imagine that we are holding a walnut with our shoulder blades and crack it. So, are everyone's backs straight? Well done! Let's check if our hands are in place. They raised them up and lowered them. We do rotations with our hands. We clench and unclench our fingers. Let's feel our feet. We do squats. Well done! Everyone's body is in place. Sit down.

Teacher: And we continue the conversation about what happened to the hero of the fairy tale by K. G. Paustovsky.

XV. What is happening in the soul of Filka, who is hiding under his sheepskin coat on the stove? We read the episode from the words “At night he climbed down from the stove...” to the words “.. Pankrat opened the door, grabbed Filka by the collar and dragged him into the hut.”

XVI. Highlight Keywords in a paragraph describing the boy's condition on the way to the mill. (The air was blue, terrible; the air was frozen; black willows; the air pricked the chest; the wounded horse walked heavily, neighed and kicked with its hoof). Our hero’s path to repentance is long and difficult.

XVII. What happens next? Was Filka sincerely ashamed of what he had done? (Yes. He not only regrets his cruelty, but is also ready to take the blame for the misfortune that happened.) Why doesn’t what happens in ordinary life happen in K. Paustovsky’s fairy tale, when your mother or grandmother forgives you for your tricks?

XVIII. Teacher's word. How Filka atoned for his sin, you will finish reading at home. And now we will try to imagine what kind of work the human soul does on the path to repentance, the atonement of sin. This path is like a ladder, and each step clears the conscience, cleanses it from the oppression of guilt. Appendix 1 (The entire subsequent story of the teacher is illustrated with slides on the screen).

The very first step is awareness one’s sin, shame for an unrighteous deed (as well as a word or even a thought, intention). You must deeply feel your guilt and understand that you have violated some commandment of God, which means you have done evil.

The second stage, which is very difficult to climb, since it will require a lot of willpower, is overcoming fear of punishment and shame in front of people who find out about your offense.

The next, even more difficult step is sincere repentance and repentance in front of those whom you have offended, this is not easy, since you need to humble your pride and self-pity. It may seem like you are humiliating yourself. In fact, you only rise in the eyes of people and, above all, in front of your conscience. By sincere repentance you perform a great act of spiritual cleansing - and you feel light and happy.

However, not everyone and not always manages to rise to the fourth step of repentance - atonement, correction of sin. Evil things are done thoughtlessly, easily and quickly, but evil can be corrected only with great difficulty.

Fifth, highest level thanks for the lesson. Who should we thank and how? Think about it at home and write the answer in your literature notebook.

XIX. Lesson summary: What lesson did you learn for yourself from K. G. Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”? What does this fairy tale teach us? What is her wisdom?

Words can cry and laugh.
Command, pray and conjure.
And, like a heart, it bleeds,
And breathe the cold indifferently.
A call to become, and a response, and a call
The word is capable of changing its mode.
And they curse and swear by word,
They admonish, glorify, and denigrate.

This is how the poet Ya. Kozlovsky wrote about the power of words and bad deeds.

An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better to never do evil to anyone. And, most importantly, use your words carefully. The Lord has endowed all people with the gift of speech. Thanks to this gift, we can communicate, understand each other, negotiate with each other, and learn everything good and useful. But the sinful nature of man pushes him to pervert the beauty of speech. And then the word turns from a good helper, a healer, into an enemy. A word can wound and even kill, like a bullet or a knife. And therefore it must be handled carefully and thoughtfully. And do as you would like to be treated.

“The word is a great thing. Great because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can separate them, with a word you can serve love, but with a word you can serve enmity and hatred. Beware of such words that separate people,” the great Leo Tolstoy teaches us.

You cannot be indifferent, you cannot give up in the face of evil. To fight it with the only weapon available to us - the word. All Russian literature, since antiquity, has been imbued with the ideas and traditions of Orthodoxy and is based on biblical and evangelical teachings. It is in Orthodoxy that freedom of choice has triumphed: a person himself chooses the path of righteousness or sin, but, having sinned, he can overcome his sin through spiritual effort and moral struggle. A person cannot predict what his actions will lead to. But still he must act rationally and morally. No wonder the Epicureans said: “To be happy, you need to have a healthy body and a clear conscience. Any doctor will tell you how to have a healthy body, but what about conscience: Don’t commit crimes, and you won’t be tormented by remorse.”

I want to end my lesson with the wonderful words of the poet N. Rylenkov:

On kind word
No need to skimp.
Say this word -
What to give to drink.
With an offensive word
There's no need to rush
So that tomorrow
Don't be ashamed of yourself.

Giving marks to actively working students

References

1. M. Aliger, “Collection of poems”, Moscow, Education, 1975
2. I. M. Bondarenko Taganrog in literature. Taganrog, Lukomorye, 2007.
3. Wikipedia.
4. S.F.Ivanova “Introduction to the Temple of the Word”, “Father’s House”, Moscow, 2006.

Lesson topic: " K. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”

Objective of the lesson:

Tasks:

-

-

Equipment:

Textbook:

Lesson progress:

I. Organizational moment.

II Checking notes.

III Opening remarks.

Motivation.

The old man smiled and answered:

What is good? Draw his verbal portrait. (Good is the sun, light, smiles, warmth, bread) Let me add some more words to the string of words you mentioned: good is joy, peace.

Studying the material.

Clarify your answer to the question: “Why was Filka nicknamed “Well, you”?” - What bad deed does Filka commit? Does the boy realize that he did something wrong? - Was it a coincidence that the wind howled immediately after the inhumane act of the protagonist? What does the boy hear in this howl? - When did Filka realize that he had committed a bad act? - How did the attitude of Pankrat and other heroes of the work towards Filka help him understand himself? - How do we see Filka at the end of the work? Find the last phrase with his favorite expression. What changes in Filka’s soul do we learn about through the intonation with which the boy pronounces this expression? - Why doesn’t Filka say this phrase at the end of the fairy tale? - Why did the horse forgive Filka?

Analysis of the description of nature.- Please note that not only people, but also nature help the boy understand himself. In this work of art it plays a very important role. Which one? Let's figure it out. - How did the weather change during the events taking place in the fairy tale? - What paths did the author use in describing nature? (Individual assignment) - Why does the author, after talking about Filka’s heartless act, then paint a fairy-tale landscape?

The beginning of a snowstorm is the response of the magical forces of nature to Filka’s act. - What happened in nature after people broke the ice? Is this a fairytale or realistic landscape? (Individual task) - Draw a conclusion about the role played by the landscape in the fairy tale.

IV. Consolidation of what has been learned. Activation background knowledge in literary theory, work on the concept of “epithet”, definition of the lexical meaning of the word “warm” - Yes, in Paustovsky’s work there is both the real and the fantastic. This once again proves that “Warm Bread” is a fairy tale. Determine which events and characters are real and which are fabulous.

Of course, in the fairy tale by K.G. Paustovsky showed a lot of magic. But writers don’t always come up with plots; they often find them in life itself. And who knows, maybe this story actually happened, because many people commit evil. Do you agree with me? - That's right, this fairy tale is about you and me, about the fact that people often make mistakes. What else is the fairy tale about? To answer this question, let’s think about why Konstantin Georgievich called the fairy tale “Warm Bread”. Several lexical meanings of a given word are written on the board. Frost-free, southern. Has heating. - In what lexical meaning is the word used? warm in a phrase warm bread? - What trope does the title of the fairy tale contain? Why did the author call bread baked by people also wonderful? - So, what is the meaning of the title of the fairy tale? It is no coincidence that Paustovsky calls this tale “Warm Bread”. Warm means kind, made with love. This is exactly what Paustovsky wants to emphasize in the title of his fairy tale. The bread, warmed by the warmth of Filka’s melted heart, is a kind of atonement for the boy’s guilt.

What new things did you discover during the lesson? - Are you interested in the issues raised? - Did our conversation make you think about your actions? Not only people helped Filka realize his guilt, but nature with its laws showed what act the boy committed. Nature changes all the time. How does it change? By what means is this achieved? The author gives a sound and color perception of the landscape in the story. Let's find it in the text.

V. Summing up. Generalization.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

3) Best in good deeds- this is the desire to hide them.

Blaise Pascal

VI. Homework:

Group work.

Group 1 - Sounds (cawed, howled, whistled, broke birdhouses, slammed shutters, rushed, rustled, a blizzard roared, the grove rustled, icicles crashed with a ringing sound, etc.).

Group 2 - Color (black water, the sky has turned green, the vault of heaven, black willows, turned gray from the cold, the sun rises crimson, on gray willows).

Group 3 - Movement (snow melted and fell, crows pushed, ice floes swirled, snow blew up, got powdery in the throat, frozen straw flew, the frost passed, etc.).

Conclusion: nature is also an image. She “takes revenge” for evil deeds in her own way, gets angry at people and rejoices with them. She lives her own life, helps people understand the beauty and harmony on Earth. Nature is like a magician. And there is also a lot of magic in Paustovsky’s fairy tale.

Group 1 - What do you think is real in a fairy tale?

Group 2 - What do you think is fabulous?

What decision does Filka make? (He decides to invent a method of “universal salvation”. First of all, he himself does not want to die, and secondly, he must save the entire village from inevitable death).

Reading a passage.

tear of happiness)

Test

A) He was wounded.

B) Pankrat wanted it that way.

A) “I don’t know anything.”

B) “Fuck you!”

C) “You are all smart.”

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake.

A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

A) human malice

B) popular hatred

B) human rudeness

A) Asked him for forgiveness.

B) He fed him carrots.

Key: 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6A, 7B.

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"TO. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”

Lesson topic: " K. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”

Objective of the lesson: using the example of the fairy tale “Warm Bread” by K.G. Paustovsky to show students that a person’s happiness lies in kindness, good deeds, and mutual assistance;

Tasks:

- test students' knowledge of the material;

- repetition of the theme " artistic media language",

Fostering love for nature and loved ones.

Equipment: illustrations, “All World and Russian Literature”

Textbook:“Russian Literature” 5th grade, ed. Chaplyshkina;

Lesson progress:

I. Organizational moment. Greeting, checking readiness for the lesson. Setting goals and objectives for the lesson.

II. Checking homework. Checking notes.

III. Posting new material. Opening remarks.

Motivation.

- I want to start our lesson with an eastern parable.

Once upon a time, an old man revealed one vital truth to his grandson:

There is a struggle in every person, very similar to the struggle of two wolves. One wolf represents evil: envy, jealousy, regret, selfishness, ambition, lies. The other wolf represents goodness: peace, love, hope, truth, kindness and loyalty.

The grandson, touched to the depths of his soul by his grandfather’s words, thought for a moment, and then asked:

Which wolf wins in the end?

The old man smiled and answered:

The wolf you feed always wins.

How did you understand what this parable was about? Why did I start our communication with these words?

Using your experience and parable, guess what evil is? Where does it come from? Who is the main carrier of evil? Who does it come from? (From people).

Choose an antonym for the word evil. (Good)

What is good? Draw his verbal portrait. (Good is the sun, light, smiles, warmth, bread) Let me add some more words to the string of words you mentioned: good is joy, peace.

What actions can goodness be expressed in?

Studying the material.

Which wolf do you think is easier to feed: the one that represents good or evil? (I will assume the answer is that it is easier to feed evil) An evil act does not make a person beautiful, but what influence does it have? Can I conclude that by committing an evil act, a person “falls low.”

You have read the text of the fairy tale “Warm Bread”. Is it folk or literary fairy tale? Prove that “Warm Bread” is a literary fairy tale.

Let's test your basic knowledge. I give you 2 minutes to complete the test task.

Well, now I propose that you and I follow the path to good, the path of overcoming evil as an individual, the hero of the fairy tale-parable “Warm Bread,” Filka.

How did you see the boy at the beginning of the fairy tale? What does the author say about him? Choose those words and phrases that most vividly depict it. Bring them to our dungeon.

Clarify your answer to the question: “Why was Filka nicknamed “Well, you”?”
(This is the formula of his life. He doesn’t love anyone, he wants to brush everyone aside.)
- What bad deed does Filka commit? Does the boy realize that he did something wrong?
(“Fuck you! Devil!” Filka shouted and hit the horse in the mouth with a backhand.”
“Filka finally jumped into the hut, locked the door, and said: “Fuck you!” - and listened.”
“Fuck you! Damned,” he shouted at the mice, but the mice kept climbing out of the underground.)
- Was it a coincidence that the wind howled immediately after the inhumane act of the protagonist? What does the boy hear in this howl?
- When did Filka realize that he had committed a bad act?
Not when he offended the wounded horse, but later, when he cried over his grandmother’s story.
- How did the attitude of Pankrat and other heroes of the work towards Filka help him understand himself?
(Filka realized that something irreparable could have happened if Pankrat and other villagers had brushed him off. It turns out that you can’t live by the rule “Screw you!”
- How do we see Filka at the end of the work? Find the last phrase with his favorite expression. What changes in Filka’s soul do we learn about through the intonation with which the boy pronounces this expression? (“- Come on!” said Filka. “We, guys, will break through this kind of ice!”
- Why doesn’t Filka say this phrase at the end of the fairy tale?
- Why did the horse forgive Filka?
(Children, old people and even magpies helped Filka correct the “villainy”, but he took the first step himself: he got through the terrible frost to the mill, where he told everything to Pankrat, invented salvation from the cold. He became better, his heart was now filled with love for his neighbors and gratitude to those who had already forgiven him, therefore the horse also forgave him.)

Analysis of the description of nature.
- Please note that not only people, but also nature help the boy understand himself. She plays a very important role in this work of art. Which one? Let's figure it out.
- How did the weather change during the events taking place in the fairy tale?
At the beginning of the tale it says: “The winter was warm this year.” When Filka offended the horse, “a piercing wind whistled” and a blizzard arose. When the snowstorm subsided, “a prickly frost spread through the village.”
People began to chisel the ice near the mill, and by noon a “smooth and warm wind” began to blow. “Every hour it got warmer.” This is how the weather changed throughout the events taking place in the fairy tale.
- What paths did the author use in describing nature? (Individual task)
- Why does the author, after talking about Filka’s heartless act, then paint a fairy-tale landscape?

The beginning of a snowstorm is the response of the magical forces of nature to Filka’s act.
- What happened in nature after people broke the ice? Is this a fairytale or realistic landscape? (Individual task)
It's already realistic landscape. The author combines fairy tale and reality in the work, because he shows the result of human actions and nature’s response to the unity of people.
- Draw a conclusion about the role played by the landscape in the fairy tale.

IV. Consolidation of what has been learned. Activation of basic knowledge in literary theory, work on the concept of “epithet”, definition of the lexical meaning of the word “warm”
- Yes, Paustovsky’s work contains both the real and the fantastic. This once again proves that “Warm Bread” is a fairy tale. Determine which events and characters are real and which are fabulous.

Of course, in the fairy tale by K.G. Paustovsky showed a lot of magic. But writers don’t always come up with plots; they often find them in life itself. And who knows, maybe this story actually happened, because many people commit evil. Do you agree with me?
- That's right, this fairy tale is about you and me, about the fact that people often make mistakes. What else is the fairy tale about? To answer this question, let’s think about why Konstantin Georgievich called the fairy tale “Warm Bread”.
Work on the lexical meaning of the word “warm”. Several lexical meanings of a given word are written on the board.
Heated, giving or containing heat.
Frost-free, southern.
Well protects the body from the cold.
Has heating.
Characterized by inner warmth, warming the soul, affectionate, friendly
- In what lexical meaning is the word used? warm in a phrase warm bread?
- What trope does the title of the fairy tale contain? Why did the author call bread baked by people also wonderful?
- So, what is the meaning of the title of the fairy tale?
It is no coincidence that Paustovsky calls this tale “Warm Bread”. Warm means kind, made with love. This is exactly what Paustovsky wants to emphasize in the title of his fairy tale. The bread, warmed by the warmth of Filka’s melted heart, is a kind of atonement for the boy’s guilt.

What new things did you discover during the lesson?
- Are you interested in the issues raised?
- Did our conversation make you think about your actions?
Not only people helped Filka realize his guilt, but nature with its laws showed what act the boy committed. Nature changes all the time. How does it change? By what means is this achieved? The author gives a sound and color perception of the landscape in the story. Let's find it in the text.

V. Summing up.Generalization.

It's time to return to the epigraph and correlate the meaning of the proverb with the fairy tale-parable of K.G. Paustovsky

What thoughts do you have on this matter? (It was warm in the village, which means they lived there good people. But Filka disrupted the order. Because of his anger, everything changed. Frost has set in. He walked around the village, but no one saw him. But still, Filka’s heart thawed, he also became kind. And the surroundings became warm again.)

I believe that Paustovsky’s work did not leave any of you indifferent. You have a long life ahead, each of you will enter it along your chosen path, climbing up, each on your own ladder, doing, I hope, only good deeds. Let some of your guides be the statements of great people. Please open the envelopes lying on your desks. Let's read some statements.

1) The good that you do from the heart, you always do to yourself.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

2) To believe in goodness, you need to start doing it.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

3) The best thing about good deeds is the desire to conceal them.

Blaise Pascal

Group work. Assessment.

VI. Homework: analysis of the work “Warm Bread”

Group work.

Group 1 - Sounds (cawed, howled, whistled, broke birdhouses, slammed shutters, rushed, rustled, a blizzard roared, the grove rustled, icicles crashed with a ringing sound, etc.).

Group 2 - Color (black water, the sky has turned green, the vault of heaven, black willows, turned gray from the cold, the sun rises crimson, on gray willows).

Group 3 - Movement (snow melted and fell, crows pushed, ice floes swirled, snow blew up, it made my throat powdery, frozen straw flew, the frost passed, etc.).

(Excerpts: 1) “A tear rolled down... they crackled, burst”

2) “On frosty days... with dark water.”

Conclusion: nature is also an image. She “takes revenge” for evil deeds in her own way, gets angry at people and rejoices with them. She lives her own life, helps people understand the beauty and harmony on Earth. Nature is like a magician. And there is also a lot of magic in Paustovsky’s fairy tale.

IV. The real and the magical in a fairy tale. Group work.

Group 1 - What do you think is real in a fairy tale?

Group 2 - What do you think is fabulous?

I suggest reading an episode of a fairy tale.

“The winter this year was warm. Smoke hung in the air. Snow fell and immediately melted. Wet crows sat on the chimneys to dry out, pushed each other, and croaked at each other. The water near the mill flume did not freeze, but stood black, quiet, and ice floes swirled in it.”

How does this description of nature make you feel? (Joy, fun, some kind of enthusiasm, kindness, peace).

I propose to glue the first petal to our flower of goodness.

Each of us does more than just good deeds. But, having done something bad, a person rethinks what he has done, regrets, worries, and repents.

“...And after this malicious shout, those amazing things happened in Berezhki...”

How can you evaluate his action? I suggest you fill out the table with new characteristics. You may have already written down some of the words. Don't be afraid if the words are repeated. This will only show that you are already aware of the problem.

So what kind of wolf is Filka feeding? Remember the parable. Guess if Filka had a choice? (He could have acted like everyone else, without refusing the horse)

- Let's read it. Fiction reading excerpt.

“A tear rolled down from the horse’s eyes. The horse neighed pitifully, protractedly, waved his tail, and immediately a piercing wind howled and whistled in the bare trees, in the hedges and chimneys, the snow blew up, and powdered Filka’s throat. Filka rushed back into the house, but could not find the porch - the snow was already so shallow all around and it was getting in his eyes. Frozen straw from the roofs flew in the wind, birdhouses broke, torn shutters slammed. And columns of snow dust rose higher and higher from the surrounding fields, rushing towards the village, rustling, spinning, overtaking each other.

The snowstorm began to subside in the evening, and only then was Filka’s grandmother able to get to her hut from her neighbor. And by night the sky turned green like ice, the stars froze to the vault of heaven, and a prickly frost passed through the village. No one saw him, but everyone heard the creak of his felt boots on the hard snow, heard how the frost, mischievously, squeezed the thick logs in the walls, and they cracked and burst.”

Why has everything changed around? (It’s all Filka’s fault. He treated the horse rudely, which everyone in the village considered it their duty to feed. Because of him, the wind rose in the village and frost hit.) Let’s fill in the table with words and phrases that characterize evil in nature. (Blizzard, frost, tears of resentment, piercing wind).

Let's imagine that we don't know the ending of the fairy tale. What wins at the end of every fairy tale? Of course, good always triumphs over evil.

Who is helping Filka correct the current situation? (Pankrat, grandma.)

What is their help? (The grandmother tells a parable about a similar case and says that only Pankrat can help. Pankrat agrees to help.)

Who remembers the parable told by the grandmother? Why did the hero of this parable die? (He died from a cold heart). His heart froze and became moldy, just like the bread he threw to the wounded soldier.

What decision does Filka make? (He decides to invent a method of “universal salvation”. First of all, he himself does not want to die, and secondly, he must save the entire village from inevitable death).

Why didn’t anyone in the village refuse to help Filka, since he offended everyone and responded rudely to everyone? (Because only in unity, only all together can people defeat evil.)

While listening to the next episode of the fairy tale, choose words for our flower.

Reading a passage.

“On frosty days the sun rises crimson, covered in heavy smoke. And this morning such a sun rose over Berezhki. The frequent clatter of crowbars could be heard on the river. The fires were crackling. The guys and old people worked from dawn, chipping ice at the mill. And no one rashly noticed that in the afternoon the sky was covered with low clouds, and a steady and warm wind blew through the gray willows. And when they noticed that the weather had changed, the willow branches had already thawed, and the wet birch grove across the river began to rustle cheerfully and loudly. The air smelled of spring and manure. The wind was blowing from the south. It was getting warmer every hour. Icicles fell from the roofs and broke with a ringing sound.”

How does nature change after rethinking an action? Add to the image of goodness the feelings-petals that cause new changes in you.

What was the result of the common cause, common labor? (Warm bread, which helped Filka reconcile with the horse). Why does the author call bread wonderful?

For what purpose did Filka go to the horse? How did his face change? (There was a smile on his face, but at the same time tears of joy were rolling down). I propose to attach another petal to our flower of goodness ( tear of happiness)

Do you know what it's like full name Filki? After all, this form is used only in common speech. (Philip)

Did you know that Philip comes from the Greek for “lover of horses”?

Guess for what purpose Paustovsky calls the hero by this name in his fairy tale? (He anticipated a good ending in advance)

Listen to the words of A. Solzhenitsyn, the great Russian writer, laureate Nobel Prize on literature (1970) on repentance: “Repentance is the first sure inch under the foot, from which only one can move forward not to new hatred, but to agreement. Only with repentance can spiritual growth begin.”

Which wolf still won in Filka? Was his path difficult? What steps did Filka overcome on the path of his spiritual growth? Let's follow his path together.

Test

Choose one of the answer options in the proposed tasks.

1) Why did the horse stay in the village?

A) He was wounded.

B) Pankrat wanted it that way.

2) What was Filka’s nickname?

A) “I don’t know anything.”

B) “Fuck you!”

C) “You are all smart.”

3) What story did Grandma Filke tell?

A) About how she once offended a soldier.

B) About how a man from the village offended an old soldier.

B) About how the war ended.

4) What happened when Filka threw bread into the snow for the horse?

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake.

5) How did Filka atone for his guilt?

A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

B) I was chopping ice with the guys at the mill.

6) Filka’s grandmother believed that the cause of the severe frost a hundred years ago was:

A) human malice

B) popular hatred

B) human rudeness

7) How did Filka make peace with the horse?

A) Asked him for forgiveness.

B) He brought him fresh bread and salt.

B) He fed him carrots.

Key: 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6A, 7B.