The primitive world the first steps of humanity message. Lesson of the surrounding world on the topic "Primitive world" (4th grade)

1. Insert the missing words into the text.

The era of the primitive world is the time of the appearance of the first people and their settlement across the planet.

• Insert the missing words into the text.

In primitive society, people united in unions, tribes and clans, which consisted of people who had common ancestors. Only a person of his own clan and tribe was considered a real person to whom harm should not be done.

3. Write in the box how many years ago these events took place.

• Put the same data in the frames on the “river of time” (page 31).
  
• On the “river of time”, look at the drawings indicating the achievements and inventions of the people of the Primitive World. Write captions for these drawings: taming a dog, mastering fire, agriculture, settling around the planet.

4. Complete tasks for the contour map

• Write the names of the oceans.
• Label the parts of the world.
• Paint over the place where the ancestral home of humanity was located.
• Color in the areas where the first civilizations appeared.

Write in which parts of the world the first civilizations were located.

Answer: Asia, Africa.

5. Look carefully at the pictures. What do you think primitive people would have done? Draw or write a continuation of this story from the point of view of primitive morality.

Primitive people grabbed a found boy from a foreign tribe, tied him up and brought him to their village. After that, they tied him to a tree so that the prisoner would not escape anywhere. In the evening, when the whole tribe gathers in the center of the village, this strange boy will be sacrificed to the spirits.

• Continue the sentence.

Position (opinion) I wouldn't want to be treated the same way captured and sacrificed
Argument(s) because people should not harm each other, but should help, even strangers.

• Think about what you, a person of the 21st century, would do in a similar situation. Draw or write a continuation of this story from the point of view of a modern person.

If I saw an injured boy, I would call an ambulance and then call the boy's parents to inform them of the incident. Then I would stay to hold him until the ambulance or his parents arrived. I would try my best to help him.

• Draw a conclusion.

Position (opinion) I believe that modern people should help each other, especially in difficult situations,
Argument(s) because you have to treat people the way you want to be treated. People should
be kinder to each other.

History teacher.

Hello guys! I did not come to you empty-handed. I have a riddle for you: “Who walks on four legs in the morning, on two during the day, and on three in the evening?”

The origin of man is a subject of scientific debate.Humanity has developed over a long period of time and unevenly.

Primitive periodspans millions of years. During this period on Earth a man appears.

(slide “Lesson topic: “The primitive world - the first steps of humanity”)

He is reclaiming the landlearns to live in harmony with nature. In other words, he takes the first steps in understanding the world.

As he develops, he goes through a certain school of life.

(slide "Lesson name")

Primary school teacher.

1. Statement of the problem.

Let's look at the pictures.

(slide “Monkey and Man”)

How did ancient man differ from animals?

How was he like an animal?

We divide our conclusions into two columns: similarities and differences.

(slide “Table. Similarities and differences”)

Look at the figure on p.47. Guess what we will talk about.

Let’s read the text on p. 47 to see if our answers match.

Today in class we will talk about the primitive world. But let's first look at the key words of the lesson.

(slide “Key words”)

• era

• Primeval world
• Human ancestral home
• Civilization
• Tribe
• Morality

Let's read the conversation between the computer and Anyuta.

Humanity took its first steps more than 2 million years ago. The era of the Primordial world can be called “the childhood of humanity,” the Computer began the story.

Why “first steps”? Were all primitive people just learning to walk?! – Anyuta was surprised.

What didn’t Anyuta understand?

What is the question?

(Slide “Baby in the cradle”)

1. Versions of children, updating of knowledge.

What is the Primordial World?

(slide “Timeline”).

What is a historical era?

Remember from the 3rd grade course “The World Around You”, did the very first people know how to grow plants and animals?

At what age does a person develop acquired skills?

What do we need to know to answer the lesson question?

Let's enter your answers into the “We know - we don’t know” table:

Slide “Table. “We know - we don’t know”

Look at the table. You can make some assumptions about the lesson problem.

History teacher.

We know when the first man appeared.

Where did he appear? Let's look at the textbook map (pp. 48-49).

1. Finding a solution to a problem (discovering new knowledge)

1. The settlement of primitive people on the planet.

What territory is shown on it?

Guess what continent could primitive man live on?

In what part of the world is it located? ancestral home (explain!) humanity?

Archaeological scientists have discovered the remains of ancient people in Africa.

Let's trace on the map how ancient people settled?

What do the symbols on this map mean?

Let's conclude: can this map help us solve the problem?

Let's complete tasks 1 and 2 for the map. (In what part of the world is the ancestral home of humanity? How did ancient people settle on the planet?) We fix it.

(Slide with animated map)

How is the fate of humanity in the era of the primitive world similar to the fate of a small child?

Primary school teacher.

Slide “Table “We Know - We Don’t Know”

EXPLORED THE PLANET

2. Physical exercise. Slide “Human Evolution”

Song “If there were no schools” (1 verse)

3. Conquest of nature by people of primitive society.

(Slide “Mammoth Hunting”)

We know why ancient people united in groups.

What did ancient people learn to survive?

History teacher.

Group work

Each of you has a piece of the puzzle on your desk. You need to unite in groups by collecting a picture. By collecting it, you will find out whose species you represent (foxes, wolves, bears, hares)

(Or color draw: 1 group (red color) - Fox genus; 2 group (burgundy color) - Hare genus; 3 group (brown color) - Bear genus); 4 group ( green) – genus of Wolf).

Slide “Tasks for groups”

Group assignments.

1. How did a community of ancient people differ from a pack of ancient people? (according to Fig. 1 and 2 on p. 50)
2. How did the early community of modern humans differ from the community of ancient humans? (according to Fig. 2 and 3 on p. 50)
3. How did the community of modern humans differ from the early community? (according to Fig. 3 and 4 on p. 50)
4. What discoveries and inventions did primitive people make? (p. 47 of the textbook).

Preparation time – 3 minutes.

Let's draw conclusions:

1) Flocks of ancient people: without clothes and fire, they eat fruits, roots and small animals.

2) Communities of ancient people: they use clothing and fire, live in caves, hunt.

3) An early community of modern people: collective hunting, bow and arrows, simple dwellings.

4) Communities of modern people: they grow plants, domesticate animals, build houses, and make dishes from clay.

Slide “Conclusions”

Why did people have to live and work together?

What do you know about the achievements of primitive society?

How is this era similar to a child’s childhood?

Primary school teacher.

In the “We don’t know” column we insert:

LEARNED TO FIGHT HUNGER AND COLD

1. Primitive morality.

(slide “People in nature”)

What is "good"?

What is "evil"?

History teacher.

What was considered good and evil in the primitive world?

Imagine if people thought like that modern society. Would you agree with them?

How do the characters' ideas about good and evil differ from modern ones?

Do you know what ideas about good and bad, good and evil are called?

Have you heard the word "morality"?

- Let's look in the dictionary! Find the word "MORAL".

Primary school teacher

PRIMITIVE MORALITY WAS DIFFERENT FROM MODERN

Slide “Table “We Know-We Don’t Know”

- Let's look at the "We don't know" sign:

FIRST IDEAS ABOUT GOOD AND EVIL

Let's change the column title“We don’t know” to “We found out”

1. Expressing a solution to a problem.

Let's return to the main question of our lesson. What did we want to find out today?(slide Why is the Primordial world called “the childhood of humanity”?)

What answer can you give to this question?

History teacher.

1. Application of new knowledge.

Now let's test ourselves what we learned in the lesson!

Slide " Fill in the missing words"

The era of the primitive world - this is the time of the appearance of the first people and their settlement on the planet.

In primitive society, people united in unions - tribes, which consisted of childbirth, had common ancestors. Only a man of his own was considered a real person to whom no harm should be done. clan and tribe.

Slide

Select Features primitive man in which he differed from animals.

Walked on two legs, lived in a cave, made tools, went hunting, dressed in animal skins, was not afraid of fire, developed, came up with something new,had mobile, dexterous limbs,communicated through speech, could foresee and predict the results of his actions.

Play the song “If there were no schools”

(slide “Lesson name”)

Why do you guys think we listened to the song today?

The word “school” has more than one meaning...

“School” is also some kind of test that a person has passed.

Can we say that a person has gone through a certain school of life, enduring hunger, cold, surviving in the ancient world?

But after going through difficulties, the main thing is to remain human.

How was kindness manifested in the primitive world?

And now?

Slide “Happy children”

The teacher started. classes.

VI. Lesson summary. "Free microphone"

What did you find difficult or incomprehensible?

What do you think was the most interesting?

VII.Homework.

(slide “Homework”)

1. Read the entire topic
2. Creative task (to depict the achievements of universal human culture in the era of the Primitive world)

Plan

1. Historical eras.
2. Introduction to history and archaeology.

4. The primitive world.
5. Conclusion.

1. Historical eras.

The history of mankind can be divided into several large eras:

• — primitive history;
• — history of the Ancient world;
• — history of the Middle Ages;
• - history of modern times;
• - history of modern times.

2. Introduction to history and archeology

The most ancient era human history is called primitive.

How did people learn about primitive people? Scientists carry out excavations, extracting from the ground things of ancient people, their bones. Scientists who carry out excavations are called archaeologists.

Archeology - the science of antiquity. It studies the history of society through the remains of people's lives and activities. Scientists believe that the most ancient people, “traces” of which were found in Africa and Asia, lived more than a million years ago. Based on the remains of the skeletons of ancient people, it was possible to establish what they looked like.

The first known ancestors of humans and apes lived more than two million years ago and were called Dryopithecus.

3. The difference between primitive man and modern man.

Ancient man was very different from you and me - modern people - and looked like a large monkey. However, people did not walk on four legs, as almost all animals walk, but on two legs, but at the same time they leaned forward greatly. The man's arms, hanging down to his knees, were free, and he could perform simple work: grab, hit, dig the ground. People's foreheads were low and sloping. Their brains were larger than those of apes, but significantly smaller than those of modern humans. He could not speak, made only a few abrupt sounds, with which people expressed fear and anger, called for help and warned each other about danger, and ate only what he found.

These were arboreal animals, reminiscent in their structure of apes. Some of them led only an arboreal lifestyle. They could have given rise to a line of animals that later became the ancestors of humans.

4. The primitive world.

The most ancient era human history is called primitive. Primitive (tribal) community. Characterized by collective labor and consumption.

Primitive people They lived in groups because it was impossible to cope with the difficulties of life alone. They did not need to worry about warm clothes. They lived where it was always warm. Primitive people built dwellings to protect themselves from the scorching rays of the sun, bad weather, and predators.

The first tools of human labor were hands, nails and teeth, as well as stones, debris and branches from trees. The first people had to hunt, collect various plants, and also learn to make the first simple tools from sticks, bones and animal horns, and then from stone.

Main occupation of ancient people There were hunting and fishing (occupations for men), which required great strength and dexterity. Ancient man was unlikely to be able to count to more than five, but he could sit motionless for hours in ambush during a hunt or build a cunning trap for a huge mammoth. Gathering (an activity for women) - the ability to understand different plants and collect edible mushrooms, as well as the exchange of prey with other tribes.

Ancient man together with other animals, he fled from the fire in fear. But then a daredevil was found who began to use the fire left natural phenomena as a result of thunderstorms, volcanic eruptions, forest fires. Man did not yet know how to make fire himself. And therefore the big problem was maintaining the fire. The loss of fire was tantamount to the death of the entire family. Later, man learned to make fire, and fire saved him during a period of cooling on Earth. He began to use fire to cook food. He could fry a piece of meat on it, bake root vegetables on coals and remove them in time so that they do not burn. Fire gave man something that does not exist in nature.

Within each tribe, certain customs and rules of behavior developed. Living in caves, they painted on the walls. People and animals were sculpted from clay or carved out of stone, and dishes were decorated. They probably wanted to depict the world in which they lived.

5. Conclusion.

Primitive history lasted hundreds, thousands of years. During this time, people populated all continents except Antarctica. They appeared on the territory of our country about half a million years ago.

Views: 35,043

Periodization of the primitive era (geological) The history of the Earth is divided into four eras. The last era is the Cenozoic. It is divided into: Tertiary (began 69 million years ago), Quaternary (began 1 million years ago) and modern (began 14,000 years ago) periods. The Quaternary period is divided into: Pleistocene (pre-glacial and glacial eras) Holocene (post-glacial era).

Periodization of the history of primitive society There is no unity among researchers on the issue of periodization of the history of ancient society. The most common is the following: the primitive human herd; tribal community (this stage is divided into the early tribal community of hunters, gatherers and fishers and the developed community of farmers and pastoralists); primitive neighboring (proto-peasant) community. The era of primitive society ends with the emergence of the first civilizations.

The origin of man (anthropogenesis) Theories of the origin of man Darwin's theory of the origin of man Theological theory of the origin of man Labor theory of the origin of man (F. Engels) Alien origin of man

Australopithecines were distinguished by a relatively large brain volume (550 - 600 cc), walking on their hind limbs and using natural objects as tools. Their fangs and jaws were less developed than those of other monkeys. Australopithecines were omnivores and hunted small animals. Like other anthropomorphic apes, they formed herds. Australopithecus lived 4 - 2 million years ago.

Pithecanthropus (“ape-man”) and its related Atlantropus and Sinanthropus. Pithecanthropus can already be called the most ancient people, since they, unlike Australopithecus, made stone tools. The brain volume of Pithecanthropus was about 900 cubic meters. cm, and in Sinanthropus - the late form of Pithecanthropus - 1050 cubic meters. see Pithecanthropus retained some of the features of monkeys - a low cranial vault, a sloping forehead, and the absence of a chin protrusion. The remains of Pithecanthropus are found in Africa, Asia and Europe. It is possible that the ancestral home of man was in Africa and Southeast Asia. The most ancient people lived 750-200 thousand years ago.

Neanderthal The brain volume of a Neanderthal is from 1200 to 1600 cubic meters. cm - approaches the volume of the modern human brain. But Neanderthals, unlike modern humans, had a primitive brain structure and the frontal lobes of the brain were not developed. The hand was rough and massive, which limited the Neanderthal’s ability to use tools. Neanderthals spread widely across the Earth, inhabiting different climatic zones. They lived 250-40 thousand years ago. Scientists believe that not all Neanderthals were the ancestors of modern humans; Some Neanderthals represented a dead-end branch of development.

Cro-Magnon (a person of a modern physical type) - appeared at the third stage of anthropogenesis. These are tall people with a straight gait and a sharply protruding chin. The Cro-Magnon brain volume was 1400 - 1500 cubic meters. see Cro-Magnons appeared about 100 thousand years ago. Probably, their homeland was Western Asia and adjacent areas.

Man was created by God in his own image and likeness, and endowed with an immortal soul. Man was created before woman, but woman was created from the rib of Adam. After the Fall, Adam and Eve were expelled from Paradise.

The labor theory of human origins emphasizes the role of labor in the formation of teams of the first people, their unity and the formation of new connections between them. It was work activity that influenced the development of a person’s hand, and the need for new means of communication led to the development of language. The appearance of man is thus associated with the beginning of the production of tools.

At the last stage of anthropogenesis, the formation of three human races occurs: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid can serve as an example of people’s adaptation to the natural environment. Races differ in skin color, hair, eyes, features of facial structure and physique, and other features. All three races emerged in the Late Paleolithic, but the process of race formation continued in the future.

The origin of language and thinking. Their development was in demand by the labor process, during which human thinking constantly developed, and the need to transfer acquired experience contributed to the emergence of the speech system. The basis for the development of speech was the sound signals of monkeys. In Neanderthals, brain sizes sometimes exceeded the corresponding parameters in modern humans, but poorly developed frontal lobes of the brain, responsible for associative, abstract thinking, appeared only in Cro-Magnons. Therefore, the system of language and thinking most likely took final shape in the Late Paleolithic era, simultaneously with the appearance of the Cro-Magnons and the beginning of their working activity.

Economic activity. The appropriative economy, within which people exist by appropriating the products of nature, is the oldest type farms. The two main occupations of ancient people were hunting, fishing and gathering.

Gradually, people master new complex forms of hunting - driven hunting, traps and others. Hunting is the most important industry economic activity ancient man. In the process of hunting, physical stamina was developed, observation skills were developed, the will was tempered, and practical knowledge was acquired.

Technologies for making tools For hunting, butchering, and gathering, stone tools (made of flint and obsidian) were used - axes, scrapers, and pointed points. Wooden tools were also used - digging sticks, clubs and spears. During the period of the early tribal community, the number of tools increases. New stone processing technologies emerged, marking the transition to the Upper Paleolithic. Now man has learned to break off thin and light plates, which were then brought to the desired shape using chipping and squeezing retouching - a method of secondary processing of stone. New technologies required less flint, which facilitated expansion into previously uninhabited areas poor in flint.

The productive economy arose in the Neolithic era. The transition from an appropriating economy to a producing one was called the NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION.

“Primitive Culture” - Drawings of a primitive man in the La Moute cave in France. Primitive culture. Special traditions and rituals. Totems personified the connection between man and living nature. Paleolithic art. Animism (from Latin animus - “soul”) - the belief in the animation of objects - is an integral part of every ancient culture.

"The Ancient People" - South America. Lesson plan. History teacher Egorkina E.M. Europe. Africa. The appearance of an ancient man. Story ancient world. The most ancient people. Australia. Lesson #1. Settlement of ancient people of Russia. Asia. The most ancient tools. Dwelling of an ancient man. North America. Chopped.

“Culture of a primitive society” - For example, boys play hunting, arrange chases, ambushes. Conclusion: Hunting played a special role. Differences in the upbringing of girls and boys. Cult dances, dances, and games appear. The man is a warrior. With the emergence of religious beliefs, elements of physical culture are associated with religious rituals.

"The History of Ancient Man" - Religion (30). History of things (20). Weaving. Cattle breeding and agriculture. What is a witchcraft ritual? What is the name of a period of time of 10 centuries? History in architectural monuments (30). Potter's wheel. People began to hunt small and fast-running animals more often. Hunting, gathering, fishing.

“Primitive World” - We know. Select historical sources: We don’t know. Choose what time do you live? Plants are grown. They eat small animals. Settling around the planet - getting to know your room, your home. Why is the Primordial world called “the childhood of humanity”? How did people in the Primitive world store and transmit knowledge and experience?

"The Art of Primitive Man" - Salisbury Plain. The dwelling of primitive man. Wooden arcs (25-30 pieces) were installed inside the circle. England. Primitive art reflected man's first ideas about the world around him. Primitive art. Stonehenge. Megirs. Menhirs. Male images in the Paleolithic era are very rare. The primitive era is the longest in human history.