Characteristics of the heroes “and the dawns here are quiet.” “And the dawns here are quiet”: characteristics of the characters from the story by Boris Vasilyev And the dawns here are quiet, characteristics of the girls
Margarita Stepanovna Osyanina is one of the main characters of the famous story by the famous Soviet writer Boris Lvovich Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet.” Using its example, the author shows what grief the war brought, how it crippled the destinies of people.
Rita got married at seventeen. Young Mushtakova met her future husband, Lieutenant Osyanin, at a school evening dedicated to a meeting with border guard heroes. Soon they got married, and happy Margarita, now Osyanina, left her home for the border outpost where her husband served. There she was enrolled in various circles and elected to the women's council. All this happened in 1939. In 1940, Rita had a child, her son was given the name Albert. The boy was only a year old when the Great Patriotic War began.
Margarita was always self-possessed and reasonable; in the first days of the war, such traits of her character as courage, perseverance, and stubbornness were revealed. She did not panic and immediately began providing first aid to the wounded. Several times Rita was forcibly sent from the front line to the rear, but she stubbornly returned back. Finally she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to study at the regimental anti-aircraft school.
Her husband died on the second day of the war; Osyanina found out about this only in July. She placed her son Albert in the care of her parents in May.
After completing her training, senior sergeant Osyanina, at her personal request, was sent to an anti-aircraft regiment stationed at the site of the outpost where her husband heroically died. At her new duty station, Margarita kept herself apart. She was surrounded by young girls. And it’s not a matter of age, but of life experience, or rather the lack thereof. Rita herself knew in practice what a family was. Having become a mother, she realized what it means to be responsible for someone's life. What true love has little to do with falling in love. The relationship with the more serious platoon commander Kiryanova also did not work out. And strangely enough, Zhenya, the complete opposite of her, became Rita’s best friend. So different in character, they found a common goal, or rather a common personal account - an account with the war. She took away the most precious thing in life from both girls - family.
Until the very last minute, Rita continued to think about her son, she was responsible for his life, as well as for the lives of those around her. Having received a shrapnel wound from a grenade, she realized that she would become a burden, and, having made a decision, she told Vaskov about her son Albert, asking him to take care of him. Having received a positive answer, Osyanina shot herself in the head, thereby giving another person a chance to survive.
Rita Osyanina is an example of courage and heroism shown in war. She managed to endure the loss of her husband, found the strength to live on, to live to raise her son, to help her mother and the Fatherland. And even her death is a heroic act. Osyanina is an example of a real person that everyone should strive for.
Essay about Rita Osyanina
One of the main characters of the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” is anti-aircraft gunner Rita Osyanina. A beautiful young girl whose fate is tormented by war. She was born into a simple family and got married at the age of 17. She met her future husband while still in 9th grade. To the envy of her friends and classmates, she got married before everyone else, according to great love. A year later, a son was born, whom they named Albert. During the war she served as a nurse, and then became an anti-aircraft gunner. My husband died in the war. The son stayed with his grandmother, who is very sick. Rita's son is only three years old.
This girl is very brave, reliable, and reasonable. She is ready to fight for victory, no matter what. He behaves very reservedly, sometimes even shyly, with everyone. Despite her age, she commands her subordinates with all her might. She behaves very secretly, after the death of her husband she does not look at other men, and is a loving mother for her son. People think she's very strange. Her mental trauma - the loss of her husband at the very beginning of the war - leaves her no chance to remain that young and cheerful girl. She loved her husband very much, and now all that was left of him was a memory and a little son on the roar.
Margarita enjoys great respect and trust from her superiors. She is in good standing, because qualities such as reliability and courage are so significant in wartime.
Zhenya Komelkova, with whom Rita by chance became close, influences her in some way. After all, Zhenya is a mischievous and cheerful person. She helps Rita to become a little more open, because, despite their differences, they also have some similarities. Zhenya lost her entire family because of the war, but continues to believe in a bright future.
Fyodor Vaskov considers Margarita a very thoughtful girl and treats her well. During the shootout, Rita is mortally wounded and realizes that she is unlikely to survive. Then she asks Fyodor to look after and take care of her son. Realizing that she will not recover from this wound, Rita shoots herself in the temple. Vaskov, of course, keeps his promise and her son Albert grows up and considers Fedor his father.
Option 3
Margarita Osyanina – main character in the famous work “The Dawns Here Are Quiet.” The example of the main character shows well how cruel the war is, how unfair everything was then, and how much grief the war brought to people.
Margarita got married very early, at only seventeen years old. The young girl met her future husband at a meeting with border guard heroes. Rita began an affair with Lieutenant Osyanin, and they soon got married. Then still young Margarita went to live with her husband at the border outpost. There the girl attended various clubs and sections and was a member of the women's council. The action takes place in 1939. Already in 1940, the couple had a son, Albert. My son was only a year old when the war began.
Margarita can be assessed as a courageous, attentive and reasonable girl who can withstand all the “gifts” of fate. Her courage is especially evident during the war years. The girl did not panic, but pulled herself together and helped those in need.
Unfortunately, Rita’s husband died on the second day of the war, and the girl found out about the tragedy only in July.
After completing her studies, Margarita herself expressed a desire to go to the regiment where her deceased husband worked. Arriving at the place, Osvyanina did not immediately make friends; basically, she kept herself apart from everyone. Everything that was around was wild to her. As a couple, she was even afraid of everything, but did not show it. There were mostly only young girls around. Rita differed from them not even in age, but in her life experience. It was only when the girl had a son that she realized how valuable life is. Over time, Rita had a friend - the complete opposite of the girl. Her name is Zhenya. They were brought together by the grief that overtook the girls. The two of them lost their family. The main goal of young women is to do everything so that this hell (war) ends.
Osyanina did not want to be a burden to her son, so she found a person who would take care of her son. Then, unfortunately, she shot herself in the head and died.
Rita Osyanina is an example of courage and heroism. A real woman. She is persistent, helps everyone and does not go astray. Even her death is an example of a heroic act. Rita is a real Person.
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The most difficult war in the history of this world was the Great Patriotic War. She tested the strength and will of our people for more than a single year, but our ancestors passed this test with honor.
Boris Lvovich Vasiliev
“And the dawns here are quiet...”
May 1942 Countryside in Russia. There is a war with Nazi Germany. The 171st railway siding is commanded by foreman Fedot Evgrafych Vaskov. He is thirty-two years old. He has only four years of education. Vaskov was married, but his wife ran away with the regimental veterinarian, and his son soon died.
It's calm at the crossing. The soldiers arrive here, look around, and then start “drinking and partying.” Vaskov persistently writes reports, and, in the end, they send him a platoon of “teetotal” fighters—girl anti-aircraft gunners. At first, the girls laugh at Vaskov, but he doesn’t know how to deal with them. The commander of the first section of the platoon is Rita Osyanina. Rita's husband died on the second day of the war. She sent her son Albert to his parents. Soon Rita ended up in the regimental anti-aircraft school. With the death of her husband, she learned to hate the Germans “quietly and mercilessly” and was harsh with the girls in her unit.
The Germans kill the carrier and instead send Zhenya Komelkova, a slender red-haired beauty. A year ago, before Zhenya’s eyes, the Germans shot her loved ones. After their death, Zhenya crossed the front. He picked her up, protected her “and not only took advantage of her defenselessness, but stuck her to himself by Colonel Luzhin.” He was a family man, and the military authorities, having found out about this, “took the colonel into their hands,” and sent Zhenya “to a good team.” Despite everything, Zhenya is “outgoing and mischievous.” Her fate immediately “crosses out Rita’s exclusivity.” Zhenya and Rita get together, and the latter “thaws out”.
When it comes to transferring from the front line to the patrol, Rita is inspired and asks to send her squad. The crossing is located not far from the city where her mother and son live. At night, Rita secretly runs into the city, carrying groceries for her family. One day, returning at dawn, Rita sees two Germans in the forest. She wakes up Vaskov. He receives orders from his superiors to “catch” the Germans. Vaskov calculates that the Germans’ route lies on the Kirov Railway. The foreman decides to take a shortcut through the swamps to the Sinyukhin ridge, stretching between two lakes, along which is the only way to get to the railway, and wait for the Germans there - they will probably take a roundabout route. Vaskov takes Rita, Zhenya, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak with him.
Lisa is from the Bryansk region, she is the daughter of a forester. For five years I cared for my terminally ill mother, but because of this I was unable to finish school. A visiting hunter, who awakened Lisa’s first love, promised to help her enter a technical school. But the war began, Lisa ended up in an anti-aircraft unit. Lisa likes Sergeant Major Vaskov.
Sonya Gurvich from Minsk. Her father was a local doctor, they had a large and friendly family. She herself studied for a year at Moscow University and knows German. A neighbor at lectures, Sonya’s first love, with whom they spent only one unforgettable evening in a cultural park, volunteered for the front.
Galya Chetvertak grew up in orphanage. There she was “overtaken” by her first love. After orphanage Galya ended up in a library technical school. The war found her in her third year.
The path to Lake Vop lies through the swamps. Vaskov leads the girls along a path well known to him, on both sides of which there is a quagmire. The soldiers safely reach the lake and, hiding on the Sinyukhina Ridge, wait for the Germans. They appear on the lake shore only the next morning. It turns out there are not two of them, but sixteen. While the Germans have about three hours left to reach Vaskov and the girls, the foreman sends Lisa Brichkina back to the patrol to report on the change in the situation. But Lisa, crossing the swamp, stumbles and drowns. Nobody knows about this, and everyone is waiting for help. Until then, the girls decide to mislead the Germans. They pretend to be lumberjacks, shout loudly, Vaskov cuts down trees.
The Germans retreat to Lake Legontov, not daring to walk along the Sinyukhin ridge, on which, as they think, someone is cutting down the forest. Vaskov and the girls are moving to a new place. He left his pouch in the same place, and Sonya Gurvich volunteers to bring it. While in a hurry, she stumbles upon two Germans who kill her. Vaskov and Zhenya kill these Germans. Sonya is buried.
Soon the soldiers see the rest of the Germans approaching them. Hiding behind bushes and boulders, they shoot first; the Germans retreat, fearing an invisible enemy. Zhenya and Rita accuse Galya of cowardice, but Vaskov defends her and takes her with him on reconnaissance missions for “educational purposes.” But Vaskov does not suspect what mark Sonin’s death left on Gali’s soul. She is terrified and at the most crucial moment gives herself away, and the Germans kill her.
Fedot Evgrafych takes on the Germans to lead them away from Zhenya and Rita. He is wounded in the arm. But he manages to escape and reach an island in the swamp. In the water, he notices Lisa's skirt and realizes that help will not come. Vaskov finds the place where the Germans stopped to rest, kills one of them and goes to look for the girls. They're getting ready to take last Stand. The Germans appear. In an unequal battle, Vaskov and the girls kill several Germans. Rita is mortally wounded, and while Vaskov drags her to a safe place, the Germans kill Zhenya. Rita asks Vaskov to take care of her son and shoots herself in the temple. Vaskov buries Zhenya and Rita. After this, he goes to the forest hut, where the five surviving Germans are sleeping. Vaskov kills one of them on the spot, and takes four prisoner. They themselves tie each other with belts, because they do not believe that Vaskov is “alone for many miles.” He loses consciousness from pain only when his own Russians are already coming towards him.
Many years later, a gray-haired, stocky old man without an arm and a rocket captain, whose name is Albert Fedotich, will bring a marble slab to Rita’s grave.
In May 1942, the 171st railway siding was commanded by foreman Fedot Evgrafych Vaskov. He had a wife and son, but the wife preferred the regimental veterinarian, and the son died. The travel was quiet, so all the sent fighters, after a while, began to drink tirelessly. Vaskov wrote an incredible number of reports when they finally sent him girls from the anti-aircraft regiment. He found it difficult to control them. The platoon commander was Rita Osyanina. On the second day she lost her husband and decided to go to anti-aircraft school. Son Albert went to be raised by Rita's parents. She turned out to be a very stern commander. After the death of the carrier, a new girl joined the platoon.
Zhenya Komelkova was a beauty with red curls. The whole family died before her eyes. Because of her relationship with the married Colonel Luzhin, the command sent Zhenya to Rita in order to isolate them from each other. Having met, the girls became friends. Having learned about the transfer to the patrol, Rita was delighted. It was close to the city where her relatives lived. Every night, secretly, she ran to her son and mother, bringing them food. But, returning one morning, she noticed two Germans and told Vaskov about it. The military command orders to catch them. Vaskov decides to shorten the path by going through the swamps to the Sinyukhin ridge. They will walk along the ridge, between two lakes and will wait for the enemy, who will most likely come around. Zhenya, Rita, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak went on the journey with him. Lisa was the daughter of a forester, she was forced to leave school because of her sick mother, whom she looked after for five years. She fell in love with a guest who happened to drop by, and he promised to help her get into college. The plans were disrupted by the war. Belarusian girl Sonya Gurvich was born into a large friendly family of a local doctor. Galya Chetvertak grew up in an orphanage, where she found her first love.
The girls and the commander walked along a path, surrounded on both sides by a quagmire. Having reached the lake, they became silent, waiting for the enemy. Instead of two, sixteen people showed up the next morning. Vaskov sends Lisa with a report to the command. But Lisa, walking along the path, stumbled and drowned. Vaskov does not know about this and is waiting for help to come. Posing as lumberjacks, the girls forced the enemy to retreat, thinking that they were cutting down a forest. Vaskov sent Sonya to get his pouch, which he had forgotten in the old place. Sonya gives herself away and is killed. Sonya's death greatly hurt Galya, and at a crucial moment, she gave herself away, for which she paid with her life. Fedot takes on the Germans to save Zhenya and Rita. He is wounded, but reaches the swamp and notices Lisa's skirt.
He understands that they cannot expect help. Arriving at the place where the Germans were standing, he kills one and goes in search of the girls. In another unequal battle, Zhenya is killed. Rita asked Fedot to take care of her son and shot herself. Having buried the girls, he goes to the hut where the Germans are holy. One was killed, four were captured by Vaskov. Seeing that the Russians were coming, he lost consciousness. Many years later, captain of the missile forces Albert Fedotich and the armless old man will place a marble monument on Rita’s grave.
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Beloved Komelkova
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Galya Chetvertak is an orphan, a pupil of an orphanage. In the orphanage she received her nickname for her short stature. Dreamer. She lived in a world of her own fantasies, and went to the front with the conviction that war is romance. After the orphanage, Galya ended up in a library technical school. The war found her in her third year. On the first day of the war, their entire group was sent to the military commissar. Everyone was assigned, but Galya didn’t fit anywhere, either in age or height. During the battle with the Germans, Vaskov took Galya with him, but she, unable to withstand the nervous tension of waiting for the Germans, ran out of cover and was shot by the Nazis. Despite such a “ridiculous” death, the foreman told the girls that she died “in a shootout.”
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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.
Zhenya is a very beautiful red-haired girl, the other heroines were amazed at her beauty. Tall, slender, with fair skin. My wife is 19 years old. Zhenya has her own account with the Germans: when the Germans captured Zhenya’s village, Zhenya herself managed to hide the Estonian woman. In front of the girl's eyes, the Nazis shot her mother, sister and brother. She goes to war to avenge the death of her loved ones. Despite the grief, “her character was cheerful and smiling.” In Vaskov's platoon, Zhenya showed artistry, but there was also enough room for heroism - it was she who, calling fire on herself, led the Germans away from Rita and Vaskov. She saves Vaskov when he fights the second German who killed Sonya Gurvich. The Germans first wounded Zhenya and then shot her point-blank.
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Senior sergeant, deputy platoon commander of female anti-aircraft gunners.
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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.
Liza Brichkina is a simple village girl, originally from the Bryansk region. The forester's daughter. One day, their father brought a guest to their house. Lisa really liked him. Seeing the conditions in which the girl is growing up, the guest invites Lisa to come to the capital and enter a technical school with a dormitory, but Lisa did not have the chance to become a student - the war began. Lisa always believed that tomorrow would come and be better than today. Lisa died first. She drowned in a swamp while carrying out the task of Sergeant Major Vaskov.
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Postman
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Sergeant Major Vaskov's landlady
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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.
Rita is strict, she never laughs, she just moves her lips a little, but her eyes still remain serious. “Rita was not one of the lively ones...” Rita Mushtakova, the first of her class, out of great love, married senior lieutenant Osyanin, with whom she gave birth to a son, Albert. And there was no happier girl in the world. At the outpost she was immediately elected to the women's council and enrolled in all the circles. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect against gases, and then... war. On the very first day of the war, she turned out to be one of the few who was not confused and did not panic. She was generally calm and reasonable. Rita's husband died on the second day of the war during a counterattack on June 23, 1941. Having learned that her husband is no longer alive, she goes to war in her husband’s place in order to protect her little son, who is left with his mother. They wanted to send Rita to the rear, but she asked to go into battle. They drove her away, forced her into the heated vehicles, but the persistent wife of the deceased deputy head of the outpost, Senior Lieutenant Osyanin, appeared again at the fortified area headquarters every other day. In the end, she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to the regimental anti-aircraft school. The authorities valued the unsmiling widow of the hero-border guard: she noted it in orders, set it as an example, and therefore respected her personal request - to be sent, after completing her studies, to the area where the outpost stood, where her husband died in a fierce bayonet battle. Now Rita could consider herself satisfied: she had achieved what she wanted. Even the death of her husband faded into the farthest corner of her memory: Rita had a job, and she learned to hate quietly and mercilessly... In Vaskov’s platoon, Rita became friends with Zhenya Komelkova and Galya Chetvertak. She died last, putting a bullet in her temple and thereby saving Fedot Vaskov. Before her death, she asked him to take care of her son. The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment of the story. Boris Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state
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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.
Sonya Gurvich is a girl who grew up in a large, friendly Jewish family. Sonya is originally from Minsk. Her father was a local doctor. She herself studied for a year at Moscow University and knew well German. A neighbor at lectures, Sonya’s first love, with whom they spent only one unforgettable evening in a cultural park, volunteered for the front. Knowing German, she could be a good translator, but there were many translators, so she was assigned to an anti-aircraft gunner (of whom, in turn, there were few). Sonya is the second victim of the Germans in Vaskov's platoon. She runs away from the others to find and return Vaskov’s pouch, and stumbles upon patrol saboteurs who killed Sonya with two stabs in the chest.
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Major, Vaskov's commander
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The main character of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "And the dawns here are quiet...".
Petty Officer Fedot Vaskov is the commandant of the 171st patrol in the Karelian wilderness. The crews of the anti-aircraft installations of the patrol, finding themselves in a quiet situation, begin to suffer from idleness and get drunk. In response to Vaskov’s requests to “send non-drinkers,” the command sends two squads of female anti-aircraft gunners there... Fedot completed four classes of the regimental school, and in ten years rose to the rank of senior officer. Vaskov experienced a personal drama: after the Finnish war, his wife left him. Vaskov demanded his son through the court and sent him to his mother in the village, but the Germans killed him there. The sergeant major always feels older than his years. The author emphasizes the peasant mind and peasant spirit in the “gloomy foreman” Fedot Vaskov. “Solid taciturnity”, “peasant slowness”, special “masculine thoroughness” since “he was the only man left in the family - the breadwinner, the water-drinker, and the breadwinner.” The female anti-aircraft gunners subordinate to him call thirty-two-year-old Vaskov behind his back as “an old man” and “a mossy stump who has twenty words in reserve, and even those from the regulations.” “All his life, Fedot Evgrafovich followed orders. He did it literally, quickly and with pleasure. He was the transmission gear of a huge, carefully adjusted mechanism.” Having encountered with his “search group” of five “girls with three-rulers in an embrace” sixteen armed fascist thugs from head to toe, rushing through the Sinyukhin ridge to Kirovskaya railway, to the “channel named after. Comrade Stalin,” Vaskov “hid his confusion. I thought, thought, turned my heavy brains, sucked at all the possibilities of the upcoming deadly meeting. From his military experience, he knew that “playing Hovanki with a German is almost like playing with death”, that the enemy “must be beaten. Beat until he crawls into the lair,” without pity, without mercy. Realizing how difficult it is for a woman, who always gives birth to life, to kill, he taught and explained: “These are not people. Not people, not people, not even animals - fascists. So look accordingly"
About B. Vasiliev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet”
Materials for working on the story.
B. Vasiliev is a famous Russian writer, the most famous are his works “Not on the lists”, “And the dawns here are quiet”, “Don’t shoot white swans”, “Tomorrow there was a war”, B. Vasiliev is also the author of historical novels.
B. Vasiliev was born into a military family in 1924. In 1941, he volunteered for the front. That is why his works on military themes sound so piercingly poignant, touching our souls every time we turn to them.
The story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” brought fame and popularity to B. Vasiliev as a writer; in 1969 he was even awarded a State Prize for this story. The innovation of this work was in the subject matter: B. Vasiliev raised the topic “woman in war.”
B. Vasiliev’s works about the Great Patriotic War have entertaining plots, the development of which the reader follows with great interest. For example, reading the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” we all hope that the girls and Sergeant Major Vaskov will cope with an enemy outnumbered, defeat him and remain alive. Following the plot of the story “Not on the Lists,” we worry about the main character, who, losing friends and strength, being left alone, continues to fight the enemy, and we, together with him, really want him to destroy as many fascists as possible and remain live.
However, not only the fascination of the plot is the advantage of B. Vasiliev’s works. The main thing for the writer has always been the desire to conduct a conversation on moral topics: about cowardice and betrayal, about self-sacrifice and heroism, about decency and nobility.
The story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” attracts with its unusual plot: in a cruel, inhuman war, where it is difficult for a man to cope with emotions and endure physical hardships, girls who voluntarily went to the front become the same soldiers of war. They are 18-19-20 years old. They have different education: some of them studied at universities, some have only primary education. They have different social status: someone from an intellectual family, someone from a remote village. They have different life experience: some have already been married and lost their husbands in the war, while others only lived with dreams of love. Their commander, watching over them, Sergeant Major Vaskov, is tactful and sensitive, feels sorry for his soldiers, and understands how difficult army science is for them. He feels infinitely sorry for these girls, who carried out an impossible combat mission with him and died in a collision with an enemy superior in strength and power. These girls died at the dawn of their years, in the prime of their beauty and youth.
The central characters of the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” are five female anti-aircraft gunners and the foreman, 32-year-old Fedot Evgrafovich Vaskov. Fedot Vaskov is a village man with four years of education. However, he graduated from the regimental school and has already been in military service for 10 years, rising to the rank of sergeant major. Even before the Great Patriotic War he took part in military campaigns. He was unlucky with his wife: he was caught frivolous, partying and drinking. Fedot Evgrafovich’s son was raised by his mother, but one day she did not save him: the boy died. Fedot Evgrafovich is wounded by life and fate. But he did not become hardened, did not become indifferent, his soul ached for everything. At first glance, he is a dense idiot who knows nothing except the provisions of the Charter.
Five anti-aircraft gunner girls are like five types of women.
Rita Osyanina. The wife of a career officer, married out of great conscious love, a real officer's wife. She, unlike ex-wife Sergeant Major Vaskov, devoted her entire life to her husband and went to the front to continue his work as a defender of the Fatherland. Rita for sure beautiful girl, but for her the main thing in life is duty, whatever it may be. Rita is a man of duty.
Zhenya Komelkova. A girl of divine beauty. Such girls are created to be admired. Tall, long-legged, red-haired, white-skinned. Zhenya also experienced a personal tragedy - before her eyes, the Nazis shot her entire family. But Zhenya does not show her emotional wound to anyone. Zhenya is a girl who is the decoration of life, but she has become a fighter, an avenger.
Sonya Gurvich. A girl from a Jewish family that valued education. Sonya also dreamed of getting a university education. Sonya's life is theater, library, poetry. Sonya is a spiritual girl, but the war also forced her to become a fighter.
Lisa Brichkina. The girl from a remote village may be the most useful fighter of all five, because it’s not for nothing that Vaskov gives her the most difficult task. Living in the forest with her huntsman father, Lisa learned many of the wisdoms of life outside civilization. Lisa is an earthly, folk girl.
Galya Chetvertak. Friend of Zhenya and Rita. Nature has not endowed her with any hint of feminine beauty, she didn’t give her any luck either. Galya is a girl from whom fate, or God, or nature took away her beauty, intelligence, spirituality, strength - in general, almost everything. Galya is a sparrow girl.
The action takes place in May 1942. We can say that this is the first year of the Great Patriotic War. The enemy is still strong and in some ways superior to the Red Army, in which even young girls become fighters, replacing dead fathers and husbands. Somewhere far away along the entire front there are fierce battles, but here, in a remote forest region, it is not the front line of defense, but the enemy is still felt, and the war here has also made its presence known, for example, by enemy air raids. The place where the female anti-aircraft gunners serve is not so dangerous, but an emergency suddenly arises.
Characteristics.
Sergeant Major Vaskov is the commander of a small anti-aircraft point located in the rear, whose task is to destroy enemy aircraft carrying out raids on our land. The place in which he serves as a commander is not the leading edge, but Vaskov understands perfectly well that his task is also important, and he treats the assigned task with honor. He worries that in this relatively calm place the soldiers are losing their fighting form, so to speak, and are drinking themselves to death from idleness. He receives reprimands for poor educational work, but still writes reports to his superiors and asks to send non-drinking fighters. He didn’t even think that, fulfilling his request to send non-drinkers, they would send him a whole squad of girls. It was difficult for him with his new fighters, but he tried to find a common language with them, although he, shy of the female sex, accustomed not to sharpen his bows, but to prove his worth by deeds, had a very difficult time with sharp-tongued women. Vaskov does not enjoy authority among them; rather, he serves only as an object of ridicule. The girls did not recognize in him a very extraordinary personality, a real hero.
He is the epitome of a hero from folk tales. He is one of those soldiers who cook porridge from an ax, and “shave with an awl and warm themselves with smoke.” None of the girls, perhaps except Liza Brichkina, in relatively peaceful circumstances understood the essence of his heroic nature. And his heroism, of course, did not lie in the ability to loudly shout “Follow me!” and throw yourself at the embrasure, closing your eyes. He is one of those “essential”, perhaps rare people now, who you can rely on in any situation. He is a real man who will not be intimidated by the enemy, no matter how many he appears in front of him. Vaskov thinks first and then acts. He is a humanistic person, because his soul cares for his fighters and does not want them to die in vain. He doesn't need victory at any cost, but he doesn't feel sorry for himself. He is a real living man, because he is not an ascetic. He shares a bed with the owner of the apartment simply out of necessity, simply because the circumstances have developed this way, and he is used to living in harmony with the world around him, and he is not disgusted by it.
Rita Osyanina is a man of duty. A true Komsomol member because she loves her Motherland. And she marries a border guard, because the border guard guards the Motherland. Probably, Rita to a greater extent married an idea, albeit for love. Rita is the ideal that was brought up by the Party and the Komsomol. But Rita is not a walking idea. This is truly an ideal, because she is also a real woman: a mother and a wife. And also a good friend. Rita is also one of those people you can always rely on.
Zhenya Komelkova is rather the opposite of Rita in terms of feminine essence. If Rita is more of a social creature, then Zhenya is a purely personal one. People like Zhenya never do as everyone else does, as the majority do, much less as they should. People like Zhenya always break the laws. They feel that they have this right because they are special, they are Beauties. Any man will forgive any beauty any guilt. But behind the external fragility and crystalline beauty of her wife, a very strong nature is hidden. As you know, life is not easy for beauties. They encounter envy, they constantly have to prove that they are worth something in this life, life-struggle hardens them. Zhenya is a fighter in life. This allows Zhenya to fight to the last in the war. Zhenya died as a hero. Being a beauty, she did not demand privileges for herself.
Liza Brichkina is not a beauty, unlike Zhenya. But what brings Lisa closer to Zhenya is that she also lives with her heart and gut. She did not receive a school education due to her mother's illness (as Vaskov once did due to the death of her father), but she developed her soul by reflecting on what surrounded her. Lisa passionately dreamed of love and even crossed the laws of female behavior herself, but God did not allow her to make a mistake. And now at the outpost Lisa met her ideal in the gloomy, taciturn foreman Vaskov. Lisa rushed headlong to carry out Vaskov’s instructions. Despite the fact that it was very dangerous, Lisa did not think about it for a minute. She was ready to do anything for him and even, if necessary, sacrifice her life, if only he would say: “Well done, Brichkin’s fighter.”
Sonya Gurvich is a person of a completely different history and a different culture. Sonya is a person of Jewish culture. Its religion is a global culture. Sonya studied to be a translator from English language to be even closer to world achievements of spirituality or to bring them closer to their homeland. Sonya is characterized by restraint and asceticism, but both under her “armored” dresses and under the soldier’s tunic a tremulous and at the same time stoic heart beat.
Galka Chetvertak is a weak person who stays close to strong girls, her friends. She had not yet had time to learn the same stamina as they had, but she probably really wanted it. If the peace had not been disrupted by the war, Galka could have become an actress, because all her life she tried on various roles; maybe she would have become a writer, because her imagination was limitless.
Ideological and thematic analysis.
Subject.
The theme of the story is “a woman at war.” The choice of this topic is humanistic. It is very important to raise such a topic, to consider the nuances of a woman’s existence in war.
Idea.
The idea of the story is to show the unnaturalness of such a fact as a woman in war. A woman’s natural task is to give birth and raise children. And in war she must kill, going against her natural essence. In addition, the very phenomenon of war kills women, the continuers of life on earth. And therefore, it kills life on earth. It is also a well-known fact that it was after the war that smoking among women spread in our country, a phenomenon that disfigures women’s nature.
Conflict.
The story has external and internal conflict.
The external conflict is on the surface: this is the struggle of female anti-aircraft gunners under the command of Sergeant Major Vaskov with an enemy of superior strength. This is a tragic-sounding conflict, because inexperienced girls are faced with an obviously invincible enemy: the enemy is superior in quantity and quality. The enemy of girls is trained, physically strong, prepared men.
Internal conflict is a clash of moral forces. The evil, criminal will of a politician, guided by delusional immoral ideas, opposes life on earth. The struggle of these forces. And the victory of good over evil, but at the cost of incredible efforts and losses.
Analysis artistic features.
One of the artistic features that you can pay attention to is the use of words and expressions in a colloquial style. This feature is most clearly represented in Vaskov’s speech. His speech characterizes him as an uneducated, rural person. So he says: “theirs”, “if anything”, “sheburshat”, “girls”, “exactly”, etc. He formulates his thoughts in phrases similar to proverbs: “This war is like a smoke for a hare for men, but for you... “,” “A chirp for a military man is a bayonet in the liver”... But this is completely from popular speech: “There is something nice to look at.” It is Vaskov, with his folk speech, who draws up the outline of the narrative. He organizes dialogues. And they are always filled with jokes, his personal aphorisms, official business expressions from the charter, adapted to the situation. He consoles in sorrow, gives wise instructions, and directs the life and activities of the detachment in the right direction.
Here is an example of such a dialogue.
Oh, my girls, my girls! Did you eat at least a bite, did you sleep with half an eye?
I didn’t want to, Comrade Sergeant Major...
What kind of foreman am I to you now, sisters? I'm kind of like a brother now. That's what you call Fedot. Or Fedey, as my mother called him.
And Galka?
Our comrades died the death of the brave. Chetvertak is in a shootout, and Liza Brichkina drowns in a swamp. It was not in vain that they died: they won a day. Now it’s our turn to win the day. And there will be no help, and the Germans are coming here. So let’s remember our sisters, and then we’ll have to fight. Last. apparently.
Plot analysis.
Initial event.
The initial event is, of course, the beginning of the war. It was the outbreak of the war that changed the lives of the heroes, forced them to live in a new way, in new conditions, in new circumstances. For some heroes, the war destroyed everything that was valuable in their lives. The heroes have to defend their right to live on their land with weapons in their hands. The heroes are filled with hatred for the enemy, but they understand that the enemy is cunning, insidious, strong, and you can’t cope with him just like that, with one desire, you will have to sacrifice something. However, they all hope that happiness will come to them. For example, Rita Osyanina is already happy that, having transferred to travel, she has the opportunity to see her son two or three times a week. And other girls, although they have not forgotten about the pain that the enemy caused them, are still not in a depressed mood, and even in these conditions, while performing a combat mission, they find the opportunity to enjoy life.
Main event.
The plot of events is that Rita, returning to her unit, saw saboteurs. This meant that the enemy had already penetrated the rear of the army and was beginning to create a threat from within. This enemy must be destroyed. Sergeant Major Vaskov, having learned from Rita that there are only two saboteurs, takes on this task, calculating that he and his female assistants will be able to cope with such an enemy on their own. He creates a group of five girls, leads the group, and they set out to complete the task. The fulfillment of this task becomes the central event, during which the characters’ characters are revealed and their essence is revealed.
Central event.
The central event is the fight between the girls and Vaskov against the fascist saboteurs. This encounter takes place in the forest near Howl Lake. At the very beginning of this event, the girls and Vaskov learn that they were mistaken: there are not two saboteurs, as they assumed, but sixteen people. They do not leave the chosen position, hoping that they will be able to deceive the enemy. Of course, this was not a naive hope, they understood that the forces were unequal, but duty would not allow them to escape to save their lives. Vaskov tried to foresee possible dangers, but the impulsiveness and emotionality of the girls could not be controlled or planned.
Lisa Brichkina dies first. She did not listen to Vaskov’s warnings about caution and did not take a bag, without which she could not walk through the swamp. She wanted so much to complete the foreman’s order as quickly as possible that she neglected her safety. Then Sonya Gurvich dies, having recklessly rushed after Vaskov’s pouch, because out of the kindness of her heart she wanted to do something nice for the commander. Next was Galya quarter. She ran out of cover in a panic and came under machine-gun fire.
These girls died precisely as women, that is, because they committed impulsive, thoughtless actions, and in war this is not possible. However, woman is different from woman. Rita Osyanina and Zhenya Komelkova showed an example of true courage and heroism, fighting in this fierce struggle with an enemy four times their size. The enemy retreated, but the girls died. They died like heroines. They did not yield to the enemy, but lost to him, giving their lives in this fight.
Final event.
After the battle, which was fought by Vaskov, Zhenya and Rita, only six Germans remained alive. They retreated to their shelter. Vaskov, having lost Zhenya and Rita in battle, vowed to avenge the girls. Wounded himself, barely able to stand on his feet from fatigue and pain, he kills a sentry and takes the sleeping Germans by surprise. The only weapons he had were a grenade without a fuse and a revolver with the last cartridge. But will, determination, courage, surprise and pressure, as well as the fact that the Germans did not believe that he attacked them alone, helped him not only shoot them, taking possession of a machine gun, but he took them prisoner and brought them to the location of the Soviet troops .
Main event.
Post-war time. In the places where the events of the play took place, vacationers (born after the war) fish and enjoy the silence and beauty of these places. They see that an old man without an arm and a military man, whose name is Albert Fedotich, arrive there. These men came to erect a monument in those places. We understand that this old man is the same foreman Vaskov, and the military man is his adopted son Albert Osyanin. The beauty of these places is especially visible in final scene, and it is clear to us that the girls died so that the dawns in these places and throughout Russia would always be quiet.
Super task.
The author's main task is to show that Good defeats Evil. Even having died, Good still triumphs over Evil. The victory of Evil, if it happens, is only temporary. This is the law of Divine justice. But to win, Good almost always has to die. This is what happened in the story of Jesus Christ. And yet, despite death, Good dies for the continuation of life. And it continues. And that means there is no death for him. So, for us too, if we do good.
The main character, foreman, commandant of the patrol. Vaskov is distinguished by a “peasant mind” and “solid reticence.” He is 32 years old, but he feels much older, since he became the family breadwinner at the age of fourteen. Vaskov has four years of education.
One of the main characters, a participant in the war who served at the 171st patrol. She was an orphan from an orphanage, who on the very first day of the war was sent as part of a group to the military commissar. She dreamed of participating in the war, but since she was not suitable, either in height or age, they did not want to take her. In the end, she was assigned to an anti-aircraft gunner.
One of the main characters, an anti-aircraft gunner who ended up in Fedot Vaskov’s detachment. Zhenya was a beautiful, slender, red-haired girl, whose beauty was admired by everyone around her. The village in which she grew up was captured by the Germans.
One of the main heroines of the story, a brave girl anti-aircraft gunner who served in Vaskov’s detachment. Lisa grew up in the family of a forester from the Bryansk region. All her life she cared for her seriously ill mother, because of which she could not even finish school.
One of the main characters, the eldest in the platoon. Rita is a serious and reserved person. She almost never laughs or shows emotion. He treats other girls in the squad strictly and always keeps to himself.
One of the main characters, a girl anti-aircraft gunner from the detachment of Sergeant Major Fedot Vaskov. Sonya is a shy girl from Minsk who studied at Moscow University to become a translator, and with the beginning of the war she ended up in a school for anti-aircraft gunners.
Kiryanova
Secondary character, platoon deputy sergeant, senior among the anti-aircraft gunners.
Major
A minor character, the immediate commander of Sergeant Major Vaskov, it was he who provided the female anti-aircraft gunners to his platoon.
Mistress Maria Nikiforovna
