Literature assignments. open fipi bank

Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks 1–9.

But Chichikov simply said that such an enterprise, or negotiation, would in no way be inconsistent with civil regulations and further developments in Russia, and a minute later he added that the treasury would even receive benefits, since it would receive legal duties.

- So you think?

- I suppose it will be good.

“And if it’s good, that’s a different matter: I have nothing against it,” said

Manilov completely calmed down.

- Now all that remains is to agree on the price.

- What's the price? - Manilov said again and stopped. “Do you really think that I would take money for souls that have, in some way, ended their existence?” If you have come up with such a, so to speak, fantastic desire, then for my part I hand them over to you without interest and take over the deed of sale.

It would be a great reproach to the historian of the proposed events if he failed to say that pleasure overcame the guest after such words uttered by Manilov. No matter how sedate and reasonable he was, he almost even made a leap like a goat, which, as we know, is done only in the strongest impulses of joy. He turned so hard in his chair that the woolen material that covered the pillow burst; Manilov himself looked at him in some bewilderment. Prompted by gratitude, he immediately said so many thanks that he became confused, blushed all over, made a negative gesture with his head, and finally expressed that this was nothing, that he really wanted to prove with something the attraction of the heart, the magnetism of the soul, and the dead souls are in some ways complete rubbish.

“It’s not rubbish at all,” said Chichikov, shaking his hand. A very deep sigh was taken here. He seemed to be in a mood for heartfelt outpourings; Not without feeling and expression, he finally uttered the following words: “If you only knew what service this apparently rubbish rendered to a man without a tribe and clan!” And really, what did I not suffer? like some kind of barge among the fierce waves... What persecutions, what persecutions have you not experienced, what grief have you not tasted, and for what? for observing the truth, for being clear in his conscience, for giving his hand to both a helpless widow and a miserable orphan!.. - Here he even wiped away a tear that had rolled out with a handkerchief.

Manilov was completely moved. Both friends shook each other's hands for a long time and looked silently into each other's eyes for a long time, in which welling up tears were visible. Manilov did not want to let go of our hero’s hand and continued to squeeze it so hotly that he no longer knew how to help her out. Finally, having pulled it out slowly, he said that it wouldn’t be a bad idea to complete the deed of sale as quickly as possible, and it would be nice if he himself visited the city. Then he took his hat and began to take his leave.

(N.V. Gogol, “Dead Souls”)

Why did Manilov’s intention to give away dead souls for free make such a strong impression on Chichikov?

- So you think?

- I suppose it will be good.

“And if it’s good, that’s a different matter: I have nothing against it,” said

Manilov completely calmed down.

- Now all that remains is to agree on the price.

Show full text

Manilov gave his souls to Chichikov, refusing money, because he considered the dead souls “total rubbish.” Chichikov was very surprised and grateful to him, “If you knew what service this apparently rubbish rendered to a man without a tribe and clan.” Manilov's intention to give away dead souls for free

Task 8.

Why did Manilov’s intention to give away souls for free make such a strong impression on Chichikov?

Firstly, Manilov’s intention to give away dead souls for free made a strong impression on Chichikov, since he never expected this from another person! I didn’t expect it because Chichikov himself would never have agreed to such generosity.

Secondly, the hero, who decided to sell dead souls according to lists as living peasants, realized: his plan works! Great enrichment awaits him! Out of joy and surprise, he “even made a leap like a goat”, “uttered... thanks”, shed a tear of happiness.

Task 9.

Which works of Russian classics depict heroes capable of noble, selfless deeds, and what is the difference between these heroes and Manilov?

There are many characters in Russian literature who, like Gogol’s Manilov, acted nobly.

L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” depicts many heroes capable of selfless acts. And Natasha Rostova, who persuaded her mother and father to give

carts for the wounded, and Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky, who donated a lot of money to improve the lives of peasants, are undoubtedly such characters. However, they are very different from the naive, infantile Manilov, who decided to give away Chichikov is dead souls. If Natasha, Pierre, Prince Andrei are positive heroes, throughout the novel they are looking for their life purpose, performing noble deeds at the behest of their hearts, then Gogol’s character is a lazy, insignificant person who gave Chichikov dead souls for free because of his lordly carelessness.

The heroes of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” are also capable of noble, selfless actions. For example, Rodion Raskolnikov, living in poverty, gave his last pennies to the poor Marmeladov family, almost unknown to him. However, the former student is significantly different from the rich, well-fed master Manilov: the first committed a selfless act out of a feeling of compassion and a desire to help the people around him, and the second because of his naivety and carelessness.

Task 15.

What role does the image of rain play in revealing the main idea of the poem?

The image of rain in A. A. Tarkovsky’s poem helps to reveal main idea works. Night rain that “knocks on the roof” brings back memories of the past lyrical hero and his chosen one, about the time when “raindrops” accompanied a pair of lovers on the “inclement” day of their first meeting.

That day the companion’s face shone, “like tears, raindrops,” as if foreshadowing “madness,” I read: “grief.” that lovers will have to endure.

At the end of the verse, the lyrical hero and his beloved cannot “each other. help”: she’s not around. The hero is overwhelmed with feelings of sadness and melancholy, which the image of incessant rain, “all night” shedding “tears,” helps to convey.

Task 16.

What works of Russian love poetry contain pictures of nature, and in what ways can these works be compared with the poem by A. A. Tarkovsky?

“Night Rain” by A. A. Tarkovsky is not the only work of Russian love poetry that contains pictures of nature.

“The trill of a nightingale,” a stream, and a purple dawn accompany the lovers in A. A. Fet’s poem “Whisper, Timid Breath...” Images of living nature merge with the whispers and kisses of the characters, helping to express their inner state. However, if the poem by A. A. Fet depicts a meeting between two lovers, then in the work of A. A. Tarkovsky only the memories of the lyrical hero about his love, inspired by the night rain, are presented.

Pictures of nature are inseparable from images of heroes in B. L. Pasternak’s poem “Winter Night”. However, if in A. A. Tarkovsky’s poem rain helps to convey state of mind lyrical hero, then in the work of B. L. Pasternak winter paintings nature: “blizzard”, snowy haze - are contrasted with passion, “heat of temptation” that lovers experience.

The image of Manilov in the poem "Dead Souls"

Manilov is mostly silent, constantly smoking a pipe and reveling in his fantasies. His young wife, whose feelings for whom have not faded over 8 years of married life, is raising two sons with original names - Themistoclus and Alcides.

At the first meeting, Manilov makes a very favorable impression on everyone, since thanks to his good-natured disposition, he sees only the good in all people, and turns a blind eye to the shortcomings inherent in every person.

What is "Manilovism"? The image of Manilov gave birth to this concept, which means a complacent and dreamy attitude towards life, but it also combines idleness.

Manilov tends to become so immersed in his dreams that life around him seems to freeze. The same book has been lying on his desk for two years, on page 14.

The owner of the estate is characterized by unselfishness - when Chichikov visited Manilov with the aim of buying dead souls (dead, but listed as alive according to the audit tales of the peasants), Manilov suppresses the guest’s attempts to pay money for them. Although at first he is very surprised by this proposal, his pipe even falls out of his mouth and he is temporarily speechless.

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, in turn, is surprised that Manilov and the clerk cannot immediately answer the question of how many peasants have died since the previous census. There is only one answer: “A lot.”

The image of Manilov is noteworthy in that he gave rise to such a concept as “Manilovism,” which means a complacent and dreamy attitude towards life, combined with idleness and inactivity.

IN provincial town N arrived nobleman Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, a man not too old, but not quite young, not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat, but not thin either. Having settled in a city hotel, he asked the servant in detail about local prominent persons, especially interested in how many peasant souls each had.

In the following days, Chichikov made visits to all the main city officials. He also attended a party at the governor’s, where he met the landowners Manilov and Sobakevich. A very dexterous man in his manners, Chichikov made a “pleasant” impression on everyone. (See The image of Chichikov - briefly, Chichikov in “Dead Souls”, Description of Chichikov.)

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 1 – summary. You can read the full text of this chapter on our website.

Chichikov

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 2 – briefly

A few days later, Chichikov moved his visits out of town and first visited Manilov’s estate. Sweet Manilov claimed enlightened humanity, European education and loved to build fantastic projects, such as building a huge bridge across his pond, from where one could see Moscow during tea drinking. But, mired in dreams, he never put them into practice, being characterized by complete impracticality and mismanagement. (See Description of Manilov, his estate and dinner with him.)

Receiving Chichikov, Manilov demonstrated refined courtesy. But in a private conversation, Chichikov made him an unexpected and strange offer: to buy from him for a small sum recently deceased peasants (who, until the next financial audit, were listed as alive on paper). Manilov was extremely surprised by this, but out of courtesy he could not refuse the guest.

For more details, see the separate article Gogol “Dead Souls”, Chapter 2 - summary of the full text of this chapter.

Manilov

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 3 – briefly

From Manilov, Chichikov thought of going to Sobakevich, but the drunken coachman Selifan took him in a completely different direction. Caught in a thunderstorm, the travelers barely made it to some village - and found accommodation for the night with the local landowner Korobochka.

The widow Korobochka was a simple-minded and frugal old woman. (See Description of Korobochka, her estate and lunch with her.) The next morning, over tea, Chichikov made her the same proposal as before to Manilov. The box at first widened its eyes, but then calmed down, most of all caring about how not to make a cheap sale when selling the dead. She even began to refuse Chichikov, intending first to “apply to the prices of other merchants.” But her resourceful guest pretended to be a government contractor and promised to soon buy flour, cereals, lard and feathers in bulk from Korobochka. In anticipation of such a profitable deal, Korobochka agreed to sell the dead souls.

For more details, see the separate article Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 3 - summary. You can read the full text of this chapter on our website.

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 4 – briefly

After leaving Korobochka, Chichikov stopped for lunch at a roadside tavern and met there the landowner Nozdryov, whom he had previously met at a party with the governor. The incorrigible reveler, reveler, liar and sharper Nozdryov (see his description) was returning from the fair, having completely lost at cards there. He invited Chichikov to his estate. He agreed to go there, hoping that the broken Nozdryov would give him the dead souls for free.

On his estate, Nozdryov led Chichikov around the stables and kennels for a long time, assuring him that his horses and dogs were worth many thousands of rubles. When the guest started talking about dead souls, Nozdryov offered to play cards with them and immediately took out the deck. Thoroughly suspecting that it was marked, Chichikov refused.

The next morning, Nozdryov suggested playing the dead peasants not at cards, but at checkers, where cheating is impossible. Chichikov agreed, but during the game Nozdryov began to move several checkers at once with the cuffs of his robe in one move. Chichikov protested. Nozdryov responded by calling two hefty serfs and ordering them to beat the guest. Chichikov barely managed to escape unharmed thanks to the arrival of the police captain: he brought Nozdryov a summons to trial for an insult inflicted while drunk with rods on the landowner Maximov.

For more details, see the separate article Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 4 - summary. You can read the full text of this chapter on our website.

The Adventures of Chichikov (Nozdryov). An excerpt from a cartoon based on the plot of Gogol’s “Dead Souls”

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 5 – briefly

Having galloped away at full speed from Nozdryov, Chichikov finally reached the estate of Sobakevich - a man whose character was the opposite of Manilov. Sobakevich deeply despised having his head in the clouds and was guided in everything only by material gain. (See Portrait of Sobakevich, Description of the estate and interior of Sobakevich's house.)

Explaining human actions solely by the desire for selfish gain, rejecting any idealism, Sobakevich certified city officials as swindlers, robbers and sellers of Christ. In figure and posture he resembled a medium-sized bear. At the table, Sobakevich neglected the low-nutritional overseas delicacies and dined simple dishes, but absorbed them in huge pieces. (See Lunch at Sobakevich's.)

Unlike others, the practical Sobakevich was not at all surprised by Chichikov’s request to sell dead souls. However, he charged an exorbitant price for them - 100 rubles each, explaining it by the fact that his peasants, although dead, were “select goods”, because they used to be excellent craftsmen and hard workers. Chichikov laughed at this argument, but Sobakevich only after a long bargaining reduced the price to two rubles and a half per head. (See the text of the scene of their bargaining.)

Sobakevich

In a conversation with Chichikov, Sobakevich let it slip that an unusually stingy landowner Plyushkin lives not far from him, and with this owner, more than a thousand peasants are dying like flies. Having left Sobakevich, Chichikov immediately found out the way to Plyushkin.

For more details, see the separate article Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 5 - summary. You can read the full text of this chapter on our website.

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 6 – briefly

Plyushkin

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 7 – briefly

Returning to the provincial town of N, Chichikov began finalizing the registration of deeds of sale in the state chancellery. This chamber was located in the main city square. Inside it, many officials were diligently poring over papers. The noise from their feathers sounded as if several carts with brushwood were passing through a forest littered with withered leaves. To speed up the matter, Chichikov had to bribe the clerk Ivan Antonovich with long nose, colloquially called a pitcher's snout.

Manilov and Sobakevich arrived to sign the bills of sale themselves, and the rest of the sellers acted through attorneys. Not knowing that all the peasants bought by Chichikov were dead, the chairman of the chamber asked on what land he intended to settle them. Chichikov lied about allegedly having an estate in the Kherson province.

To “sprinkle” the purchase, everyone went to the police chief. Among the city fathers, he was known as a miracle worker: he only had to blink when passing a fish row or a cellar, and the merchants themselves would carry snacks in great abundance. At the noisy feast, Sobakevich especially distinguished himself: while the other guests were drinking, he quietly killed a huge sturgeon to the bones in a quarter of an hour, and then pretended that he had nothing to do with it.

For more details, see the separate article Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 7 - summary. You can read the full text of this chapter on our website.

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 8 – briefly

Chichikov bought from landowners are dead souls for pennies, but on the paper in the deeds of sale it was stated that he had paid about a hundred thousand for everyone. Such a large purchase caused the most lively talk in the city. The rumor that Chichikov was a millionaire greatly raised his profile in everyone's eyes. In the opinion of the ladies, he became a true hero, and they even began to find in his appearance something similar to Mars.

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 9 – briefly

Nozdryov’s words were initially considered drunken nonsense. However, soon the news of Chichikov’s purchase of the dead was confirmed by Korobochka, who came to the city to find out if she had gone cheap in her deal with him. The wife of a local archpriest told Korobochka’s story to one well-known in the city world nice lady, and she - to her friend - lady, pleasant in every way. From these two ladies the word spread to everyone else.

The whole city was at a loss: why did Chichikov buy dead souls? In the female half of society, prone to frivolous romance, a strange thought arose that he wanted to cover up the preparations for the kidnapping of the governor’s daughter. More down-to-earth male officials wondered whether there was a strange visitor - an auditor sent to their province to investigate official omissions, and "dead souls" - some kind of conventional phrase, whose meaning is known only to Chichikov himself and the top authorities. The bewilderment reached the point of true trepidation when the governor received two papers from above, informing them that a well-known counterfeiter and a dangerous fugitive robber might be in their area.

For more details, see the separate article Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 9 - summary. You can read the full text of this chapter on our website.

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 10 – briefly

The city fathers gathered for a meeting with the police chief to decide who Chichikov was and what to do with him. The most daring hypotheses were put forward here. Some considered Chichikov a forger of banknotes, others - an investigator who would soon arrest them all, and still others - a murderer. There was even an opinion that he was Napoleon in disguise, released by the British from the island of St. Helena, and the postmaster saw in Chichikov Captain Kopeikin, a disabled war veteran against the French, who did not receive a pension from the authorities for his injury and took revenge on them with the help of a gang of robbers recruited in the Ryazan forests.

Remembering that Nozdryov was the first to talk about dead souls, they decided to send for him. But this famous liar, having come to the meeting, began to confirm all the assumptions at once. He said that Chichikov had previously kept two million counterfeit money and that he even managed to escape with it from the police who surrounded the house. According to Nozdryov, Chichikov really wanted to kidnap the governor’s daughter, prepared horses at all stations and bribed the priest, Sidor’s father, in the village of Trukhmachevka for a secret wedding for 75 rubles.

Realizing that Nozdryov was carrying game, those present drove him away. He went to Chichikov, who was ill and knew nothing about the city rumors. Nozdryov “out of friendship” told Chichikov: everyone in the city considers him a counterfeiter and an extremely dangerous person. Shocked, Chichikov decided to hastily leave early tomorrow morning.

For more details, see the separate articles Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 10 – summary and Gogol “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin” – summary. You can read the full text of this chapter on our website.

Gogol “Dead Souls”, chapter 11 – briefly

The next day, Chichikov almost escaped from the city of N. His chaise rolled along the high road, and during this journey Gogol told the readers the life story of his hero and finally explained for what purpose he acquired dead souls.

Chichikov's parents were nobles, but very poor. As a young boy, he was taken from the village to the city and sent to school. (See Chichikov's childhood.) The father finally gave his son advice to please his bosses and save a penny.

Chichikov always followed this parental instruction. He did not have brilliant talents, but he constantly curried favor with teachers - and graduated from school with an excellent certificate. Selfishness, the thirst to rise from the poor into wealthy people were the main properties of his soul. After school, Chichikov entered the lowest bureaucratic position, achieved a promotion by promising to marry the ugly daughter of his boss, but deceived him. Through lies and hypocrisy, Chichikov twice achieved prominent official positions, but the first time he stole money allocated for government construction, and the second time he acted as the patron of a gang of smugglers. On both occasions he was exposed and narrowly escaped prison. (See Chichikov's official career.)

He had to be content with the position of trial attorney. At that time, loans against the mortgaging of landowners' estates to the treasury became widespread. While doing one such thing, Chichikov suddenly learned that dead serfs were listed as alive on paper until the next financial audit, which took place in Russia only once every few years. When mortgaging their estates, the nobles received from the treasury amounts according to the number of their peasant souls - 200 rubles per person. Chichikov came up with the idea of traveling around the provinces, buying up dead peasant souls for pennies, but not yet marked as such in the audit, then pawning them wholesale - and thus getting a rich sum...