A collection of ideal social studies essays. The problem of the value of time

Time is not only a scientific, but also a philosophical concept. Therefore, this direction is considered one of the most difficult among those proposed in 2015. In order for our students to successfully write an essay, we offer a fairly large amount of educational, methodological and reference material that can be used when covering a particular topic. And, of course, BONUSES!!! Samples of introductions on various topics (for many, this is the most difficult stage, because often the guys don’t know what bright figurative phrase or quote to start their December essay with in order to immediately present it in an advantageous light) and a sample of the essay itself, written by methodologists.

What is "time"? How is it defined by dictionaries?

Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language T.F. Efremova:
1) One form of existence of matter, expressing the duration of existence and the sequence of changes in the states of all material systems and processes in the world (in philosophy). 2) The duration of what is happening or existing, measured in years, months, days; sequential change of hours, days, years.
Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by V. Dahl:
Duration of existence; space in being; sequence of existence; continuation of cases, events; days after days and centuries after centuries; sequential course of day after day.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by D.N. Ushakov:
A form of being measured in seconds, minutes, days, years, as a measure of the duration of everything that happens.

What reminds us of the theme "time"?

The calendar is one of the 4 most important discoveries of humanity (Fire, Wheel, Writing, Calendar).

Appeared in 3000 BC. - Determination of the length of the year - 360 days - by the floods of the Nile and the rising of Sirius (Egypt.)

Pyramids of Egypt.
- Lovers making dates under the clock.
- Painting by Isaac Levitan “Above Eternal Peace.”
- Permafrost. Tale of G-H. Andersen's "The Snow Queen", Kai, who collected the word "eternity".
- Robert Rozhdestvensky’s song “Don’t think down on the seconds.”
- Music by Georgy Sviridov, heard in the TV program “Time”.
- Song from the movie “Sannikov Land”.
- Yuri Vizbor’s song “Song about walkers.”

What topics might be on December 2, 2015?

Outlines for future essays...

Theme: "Lost Time". Option 1.
Introduction. Which amazing topic- “Lost time.” Lost... It seems to me that you can lose some thing, but time... However, if you think about it, we lose it very often. Try to analyze your day - minute by minute. Have you counted your wasted precious minutes? Are there many of them? I think yes...
Lost time takes its revenge. Do you have any doubts? I will prove my point by turning to fiction.
Argument 1 – “The Tale of Lost Time” by Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz.
(The author, trying to reach people, says with the whole plot of his tale: “Don’t waste time, it won’t come back!”)
Argument 2 – I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”.

Conclusion. You can recall the words of Richard Whately, an English writer, who said: “Lose one hour in the morning, and you will be looking for it the rest of the day.”

Theme: "Lost Time". Option 2.

The past has smell, taste and color,

The desire to teach, influence and mean,

And only one thing, unfortunately, is missing -

Opportunities to reinvent yourself.

So writes the Russian and Israeli writer Igor Mironovich Guberman, who became widely known thanks to his aphoristic and satirical quatrains - “gariks”. (Introduction – 40 words).

Introduction. Each of us has a past, present and future, and all three times are interconnected. Therefore, when building the future, a person must think about his actions, his attitude towards people, his profession, and the world around him. You can’t waste time on empty talk, lying on the couch, madly getting money, inaction, and most importantly, you can’t cheat on yourself. A person must understand that lost time is a lost life. (thesis – 64 words). Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view.

Argument 1 – Anton Pavlovich Chekhov’s story “Ionych”.
Argument 2 – M.Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Duma”.

I look sadly at our generation!

His future is either empty or dark,

Meanwhile, under the burden of knowledge and doubt,

It will grow old in inactivity.

We are rich, barely out of the cradle,

By the mistakes of our fathers and their late minds,

And life already torments us, like a smooth path without a goal,

Like a feast at someone else's holiday. (fragment of a poem)

Conclusion. What conclusion did I come to when reflecting on the topic “Lost Time”? Time is our treasure, which we do not value and waste. By rushing life or slowing it down, a person misses the most important thing - life itself. Those who are accustomed to putting everything off for later will be punished: the loss of time will result in emptiness, loneliness, a feeling of restlessness, and early aging of the soul and body. It’s not for nothing that Petya Zubov, the hero of E. Schwartz’s fairy tale, after passing all the tests, states: “A person who wastes time in vain does not notice how he is aging.” Let's listen to his words... (80 words).

Options for introductions to the topic “Those who have conquered time...”

This is how you can start an essay... Or finish it.

Time is a mirage, it shortens in moments of happiness and stretches in hours of suffering. (R. Aldington)

The new becomes old
then the years will fly by -
And the old will be replaced by the new:
it was so, it will always be so. (Rudaki)

If time is the most precious thing, then wasting time is the biggest waste. (B. Franklin)

Time moves slowly when you're following it... It feels like it's being watched. But it takes advantage of our absent-mindedness. It is even possible that there are two times: the one we follow and the one that transforms us. (A. Camus)

Keep time! Guard him any hour, any minute. Without supervision, it will slip away like a lizard. Illuminate every moment with an honest, worthy accomplishment! Give it weight, meaning, light. (T. Mann)

It takes one day for some major evil to come to light, but it takes several centuries to wipe it off the face of the earth. (L. Blanki)

Those who do not remember their past are doomed to relive it again (D. Santayana, American philosopher).

The most ominous of all earthly sounds is the ticking of a clock. (V. Soloukhin)

A person who dares to waste an hour of time has not yet realized the value of life. (Charles Darwin)

If the present tries to judge the past, then it loses the future. (W. Churchill).

Even the richest man is not able to buy back his past. (O. Wilde)

Time heals all wounds. (Russian proverb)

Happy people count time in minutes, while for unhappy people it lasts for months. (James Fenimore Cooper, American writer)

Quoted material

“A time to scatter stones and a time to gather stones” (From the Bible)
“You don’t choose times, you live and die in them” (A.S. Kushner)
“In our vile times, a person needs a conscience” (N. Korzhavin)

I.S. Turgenev. Prose poem “Tomorrow! Tomorrow!"
How empty, and lethargic, and insignificant almost every day is! How few traces he leaves behind! How senselessly and stupidly those hours passed after hours!
And yet man wants to exist; he values ​​life, he hopes for it, for himself, for the future... Oh, what blessings he expects from the future!
But why does he imagine that other, future days will not be similar to this day just lived?
Yes, he doesn’t even imagine this. He doesn't like to think at all - and he does it well.
“Here’s tomorrow, tomorrow!” he consoles himself, until this “tomorrow” puts him in his grave.
Well, once you’re in the grave, you’ll inevitably stop thinking.
Comment: you should pay attention to words and synonymous combinations of words that denote time (tomorrow - every day - the future) After reading the poem, the conclusion suggests itself: do not put off until tomorrow what you can do today.

L.N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"
All the best moments of his life suddenly came back to him at the same time. And Austerlitz with the high sky, and the dead, reproachful face of his wife, and Pierre on the ferry, and the girl excited by the beauty of the night, and the night, and the moon - all this suddenly came to his mind...

I. Guberman
The past has smell, taste and color,
The desire to teach, influence and mean,
And only one thing, unfortunately, is missing -
Opportunities to reinvent yourself.
***
The true price of everything in the world
Time knows perfectly - only it
Sweeps away the husks, blows away the foam
And he pours wine into amphorae.

F.I. Tyutchev
O Time! A moving mirror of eternity! –
Everything will collapse, will fall under your hand!..
Your limit and beginning are hidden
From weak mortal eyes!..
Ages are born and disappear again,
One century is erased by another;
What can escape the wrath of the evil Cronus?
What can stand before this formidable god?..

Joseph Brodsky
The century is running out. Running
time requires sacrifices, ruins...
Give him feelings, thoughts, plus
memories. Such is the appetite and taste
time. I'm in no hurry
but I serve. I'm not a coward; I'm ready to be
subject from
past, if such is the whim
time, looking down from above - or -
over the shoulder -
for your prey...

G.R. Derzhavin.
The river of times in its rush
Takes away all people's affairs
And drowns in the abyss of oblivion
Nations, kingdoms and kings.

The poem was written two days before the poet's death.

Pavel Velikzhanin
Time slips through your fingers like blood,
A stream gushing from a torn wound,
The arrows scratch for eternity... But again
The huge mounds stood silently.
And behind the scenes of the shadow theater
Only silhouettes glide with inspiration,
The pendulum of days swings quietly,
Like the breath of a sleeping universe.

A. Kushner
You don't choose times
They live and die in them.
More vulgarity in the world
No, than beg and blame.
As if you can use these
As in the market, change.
Every century is an iron age.
But the wonderful garden is smoking,
The cloud is shining; me at five years old
Should have been from scarlet fever
Die, live innocent
An age in which there is no grief.
You consider yourself lucky,
Don’t you want to live under Grozny?
Don't dream of a plague
Florentine and leprosy?
Do you want to travel in first class?
And not in the hold, in the semi-darkness?
Every century is an iron age.
But the wonderful garden is smoking,
The cloud is shining; hug

Time is a test.
Don't envy anyone.
A tight, tight hug.
Time is skin, not dress.
His mark is deep.
Like fingerprints,
From us are his features and folds,
If you look closely, you can take it.
You don't choose times
They live and die in them.
More vulgarity in the world
No, than beg and blame.
As if you can use these
As in the market, change.
Every century is an iron age.
But the wonderful garden is smoking,
The cloud is shining; hug
My age, my farewell fate.
Time is a test.
Don't envy anyone.

A.A.Akhmatova
What is war, what is plague? - they see the end soon,
The verdict has almost been pronounced on them.
But who will protect us from the horror that
Was it once called the run of time?

O. Khayyam
Once the day has passed, don’t remember it,
Do not groan in fear before the coming day,
Don't worry about the future and the past,
Know the price of today's happiness!

B. Slutsky

Happiness is a circle. And man
Slowly like a clock hand
Moving towards the end, that is, towards the beginning,
Moves in a circle, that is, to childhood,
Into the pink bald head of a baby,
In the frisky preschool agility,
In kindness, cheerfulness, even stupidity.
And misfortune is an acute angle.
Hour hand - stop in place!
And the minute - hurry to close ranks,
Driving a person into a corner.
Instead of late baldness, misfortune
Selects early gray hairs
And quietly picks holes
In the belt - one, another,
The third, without expecting anything,
Knowing everything.
Misfortune is knowledge.

Proverbs

“Happy people don’t watch the clock” (A.S. Griboyedov)
Time heals all wounds.
Business - time for fun - an hour.
Money is lost - you can make money; time is lost - you will not get it back.
Much water has flown under the bridge since that time.
Time never comes.
Time gives money, but money cannot buy time.
Moscow took centuries to build.
Don't rush, just hurry up.
Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done.
Time paints, timelessness ages.
There would be a friend, and there would be time.
The day will come and it will bring care.
The sun is not waiting for us.
If you hurry, you will make people laugh.
Do it quickly - redo it.
If you drive more quietly, you will go further.
The time will come and the hour will strike.
Hurry to live, soon die.
Summer doesn't happen twice a year.
Time is money.
Everything has its time.
Time for business, time for fun.
Better late than never.
Every vegetable has its time.
Better late than never.
If you miss an hour, you won’t be able to make it up in a year.

Phrases that may be useful...

1) We constantly lose time and are unlikely to ever be able to find it: neither in the lost and found, nor in a dark corner under the bed. Time cannot be returned, but it can be made up for, or at least learned not to regret the loss.
2) For everyone there are a large number of opportunities to spend precious hours on television, computer games, and mass media. But these ways to avoid important tasks and kill time are very obvious, like bad habits or empty talk.
3) Among the unknown in the nature around us, the most unknown is time, because no one knows what time is and how to control it.
4) The fact that time either does not exist at all, or barely exists, being something unclear, can be assumed on the basis of the following. One part of it was and no longer exists, the other is in the future and does not yet exist; These parts make up both infinite time and the allocated period of time each time. And that which is composed of non-existent cannot, as it seems, be involved in existence.
5) There is something indivisible in time that we call “now”. In time nothing can be grasped other than the now. “Now” is a continuous connection of time, it connects the past time with the future and in general is the boundary of time, being the beginning of one and the end of the other. Since “now” is the end of the past and the beginning of the future, time always begins and ends. And it will never stop because it always begins. (Aristotle)
6) Time takes away everything; a long series of years can change one’s name, appearance, character, and destiny.
7) Nothing is more painful for a wise person and nothing gives him more anxiety than the need to spend more time on trifles and useless things than they deserve.

Sample essay on the topic

“Time is the fabric of which life is made” (B. Franklin)

We are always surrounded by time. We are in it! There is not a single person who lives separately from time. We are born, grow up, get older... And none of us can turn back our geographical time, nor change... However, a person, it seems to me, can slow down its movement or speed up! It depends on the “quality” of life. Such a time is described in many works of art.(61 words)

Let us remember the hero of the novel by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. His life is happening before our eyes. Here we see little Ilyusha, who is growing up as an active child. But Oblomov is already in the service. But homely and spoiled, he quickly becomes disillusioned with the life of an official. The rush, the bustle, the daily coming to work quickly tires Ilya Ilyich, and he first goes on leave on the basis of a “medical certificate”, and then completely resigns. And gradually “grows” to the sofa. The writer in several parts shows the “biographical time” of the hero - the stages of his life path.

The first part lasts several hours, and all this time Ilya Ilyich either lies or sits on the sofa. Time stopped for him. Then, in the second and third parts, time rapidly increases: Stolz, a childhood friend, arrived, lifted Oblomov from the sofa, and introduced him to Ilyinskaya. Under the influence of Olga, the protagonist awakens. And the duration of action here is several months. The life of Ilya Ilyich is filled with movement. Finally, the fourth part is the Vyborg side. Here Oblomov spends eight long years. Long! Time stops again, because the hero returns to the state in which we see him at the beginning of the novel: he lies on the sofa and does nothing. And, worst of all, he is comfortable - on the sofa, in a robe, in his dreams... Therefore, it does not matter at all how long he lives with Pshenitsyna, something else is important: sleepy peace envelops Oblomov, the present and the past merge and mix in an unchangeable, frozen time , which stopped: every day is similar to the past.

So throughout the novel we see how Oblomov slows down or speeds up his time. And by stopping time, the hero stops life itself: “the lazy crawling from day to day quietly stopped the machine of life. Ilya Ilyich died, apparently, without pain, without suffering, as if a watch had stopped and they had forgotten to wind it.” (271 words)

What conclusion did I come to when reflecting on the proposed topic “Time is the fabric of which life is made”? I think we should agree with the statement of B. Franklin, a US politician: our life consists of thin threads - moments, and it depends on each of us how strong and durable these threads will be, how interesting our life will be, whether we will sleep through it, how Oblomov, or
let's live a bright and interesting life... (60 words)

Total: 392 words

The final essay is a written reflection on a specified topic, which every 11th grader must pass for admission to the Unified State Examinations (USE). In December 2018-2019, schoolchildren will write this type of work for the 5th time, because it has been approved in Russia since 2014.

A prerequisite for a well-written final essay is the presence of arguments - justifications for the chosen position, which are given based on works of Russian or foreign classical literature. So what arguments will help schoolchildren cope with the task this year?

General facts

The minimum volume of the final essay is 250 words, while experts recommend writing more - on average about 300-350 words - to cover the topic fully and comprehensively. The structure of the work is not regulated, but practice shows that the highest number of points is given to such written reflections that contain 3 key blocks: introduction, main part and conclusion with conclusions. You have 3 hours and 55 minutes to write the essay. The children have the opportunity to access spelling dictionaries, which should be available in sufficient quantities in the classroom.

The highest score for the final essay is 10 points. Even if a student makes one minor spelling mistake, the expert commission will give him the maximum possible number of points. The final assessment depends on how well the teenager takes into account the fundamental criteria. These include:

1. Relevance to the topic. It is important to write the final essay only in the context of a given topic/question, not to run wild with thoughts and not to move on to considering other problems.
2. Argumentation and attraction literary material. It is not enough to simply express a certain position - in your arguments you must also rely on at least one work of a Russian or foreign classic. It is important to demonstrate not only knowledge of the material, but also the ability to analyze it. When writing the final essay for 2018-2019, a simple retelling or superficial mention of works will not be enough.
3. Composition and logic of reasoning. Here the structure of the work and the consistency of presentation are assessed. It is recommended that each new thought begin with a new paragraph. In this case, the main part should be larger in volume than the introduction and conclusion (in total, the last blocks should be about 1/3 of the entire text).
4. Quality of written language. In his reasoning, a high school student will need to use synonyms and various figures of speech, and, conversely, avoid cliches and lexical repetitions.
5. Literacy. Here the presence/absence of spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors is checked.

Directions and topics

Each final essay must be written in accordance with a specific topic. However, they are revealed only 15 minutes before the start of the test. Despite this, there is an opportunity to prepare in advance for writing the final essay in 2018-2019, because both teachers and their students know the so-called. "global directions". The final topics that students will receive will definitely fit within the framework of these areas.

In other words, the topics will simply turn out to be more detailed, fractional, and specific. But knowing the directions allows you to navigate and even select suitable arguments from literary works domestic school curriculum already at the present moment. There will be 5 directions in total.

Fathers and sons

Arguments for the final essay of 2018-2019 in the global direction “Fathers and Sons” can be found in work of the same name I.S. Turgenev. The novel “Fathers and Sons” is one of the most suitable for substantiating theses related to the problem of “generational conflict”. Representatives of the “generation of children” are Evgeny Bazarov ( main character) and Arkady Kirsanov, and representatives of the “generation of fathers” are Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.

The book shows how young people who position themselves as nihilists (deniers of generally accepted norms) devalue the experience of adults who are considered non-progressive traditionalists. In turn, older generation also does not seek to understand young people. In conclusion, the author debunks the doctrine of nihilism and proclaims the only way through which the eternal conflict can end is the reunification of relatives who have learned to love each other after experiencing suffering.

Other works for bringing arguments to topics in the direction of “Fathers and Sons” in the December essay of 2018-2019:

• DI. Fonvizin, play “The Minor”;
• M.Yu. Lermontov, poem “Mtsyri”;
• N.V. Gogol, story “Taras Bulba”;
• A.S. Pushkin, story “The Captain's Daughter”.

Dream or reality

The “Dream or Reality” direction is deeply philosophical, because... makes you think about the intertwining of the most cherished human desires and reality. An example of a positive heroine who remains true to her dream and does everything possible to make it come true is Marya Mironova from the story by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".

All Masha, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, wants is to live calmly and happily with her loved one, who becomes officer Pyotr Grinev. However, the girl has to overcome many trials on her way before she is finally reunited with her love, because both Peter and Masha find themselves in the very thick of the Pugachev uprising. Despite this, the girl does not give up on her dream and does not lose her fortitude. Even when hope is almost lost, she takes fate into her own hands and goes to Empress Catherine II with a request to facilitate the release of Peter. Thanks to her fearlessness, Masha achieves her dream, namely, becoming the wife of her beloved man.

Also, arguments for the December 2018-2019 essay in the direction of “Dream and Reality” can be found in the following works:

• F.M. Dostoevsky, novel “Crime and Punishment” (Rodion Raskolnikov as an example of a dangerous dreamer who should be afraid of his desires);
• A.N. Ostrovsky, play "The Thunderstorm".

Revenge and generosity

Here the student will have the opportunity to compare the most different sides and qualities of human nature: kindness and anger, mercy and cruelty, peacefulness and aggressiveness...

Failure, negativity, pettiness, stupidity and the all-destructive beginning of revenge were clearly shown by A.S. Pushkin in his novel “Eugene Onegin”. The destructive feeling with which the main character lights up leads to the fact that he kills his once good friend- good little Vladimir Lensky. At the same time, the work reveals an example of a deeply generous person - we are talking about Tatyana Larina, who throughout the entire novel puts the feelings of the people around her above her own (for example, at the end of the book she rejects Onegin, who has fallen in love with her, because she cannot betray her husband) .

Additionally, arguments in the direction of “Revenge and Generosity” for the final essay of 2018-2019 can be found in the following books:

• A.S. Pushkin, story “The Captain's Daughter” (Emelyan Pugachev as a person who knows how to be generous and noble towards those who deserve it);
• M.Yu. Lermontov, the novel “A Hero of Our Time” (part of “Princess Mary” and, in particular, the vindictiveness of Grushnitsky’s nature).

Arts and Crafts

Theme about purpose creative person(writer, artist, musician, etc.) is one of the fundamental ones in literature. It is possible to analyze the phenomenon of creativity and reflect the importance of creative work thanks to the work of A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". The poem shows how music lifts the spirit and warms the soul of those who hear it, even when the most difficult war times are raging around. However, music that allows people to forget about sorrows does not exist on its own - it is brought into this world by a musician, who here is harmonica player Vasily Terkin.

Also, arguments for topics in the direction of “Arts and Crafts” are found in the following authors:

• V. Korolenko, story “The Blind Musician”;
• A.P. Chekhov, story "Rothschild's Violin";
• K.G. Paustovsky, story “Basket with fir cones.”

Kindness and Cruelty

This direction partially overlaps with the direction “Revenge and generosity”. Here the emphasis is on the importance of a humanistic attitude to life in general, to any life, regardless of who it belongs to.

In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" the main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, decides to kill the old money-lender. Rodion thinks that he is better than the worthless old woman, and, therefore, has the right to rid the world of her existence. However, when the hero commits murder, he realizes that in reality he is worse, many times worse, than the most useless and evil of the old women. Sonya Marmeladova, an example of kindness, virtue and forgiveness, helps him to finally understand this. Thanks to her, Raskolnikov abandons inhuman ideas and changes his worldview.

Other examples in the direction of “Kindness and Cruelty”:

• N.V. Gogol, the story “The Overcoat” (the cruelty of a hypocritical and evil society is opposed by the kindness, simplicity and harmlessness of Akaki Akakievich);
• M.A. Sholokhov, novel " Quiet Don“(callousness and cruelty can arise in a person’s soul under the influence of external circumstances, as happened with the Cossack peasant Gregory, who was forced to go to war and start killing so as not to die himself).

The directions in which essay topics will be composed for graduates have become known. The Council for the final essay, headed by Natalia Dmitrievna Solzhenitsyna, has identified five thematic areas: “Time”, “Home”, “Love”, “Path”, “Year of Literature in Russia”.

If desired, graduates of previous years can also write essays, the Ministry of Education and Science explained to RG. - Topics are developed behind closed doors.

Most students coped with the essay and almost did not exceed the permissible number of errors - 5 per 100 words. Another thing is what style and style they wrote creative works. Teachers don’t really want to talk about this, but university teachers are not happy with the essays. At the Moscow City Pedagogical University, 1,300 works were checked.

Unfortunately, most of the essays are formulaic and resemble in structure part C of the Unified State Exam,” said rector Igor Remorenko. - Almost everyone’s last paragraph begins like this: “In conclusion, I want to say...”

The famous writer Andrei Astvatsaturov, who teaches at the university, told RG what knowledge of literature yesterday’s schoolchildren come to universities with: “At the exam, you learn from a student that Pushkin’s contemporaries were the poet Batyushkin and Boratyshkin. Sometimes something funnier... ". However, is it any wonder if all previous years students were simply trained to take tests?..

Tips for graduates

"Time". At the center of the discussion is man and time, society and era.

"House". This is the unity of small and large, the relationship between material and spiritual, external and internal.

"Love". Here there is an opportunity to look at love from different positions: parents and children, men and women, man and the world around him.

"Path". These are travel impressions and thoughts about the fate of a person, his way of life, the choice of a goal and the means to achieve it.

"Year of Literature". The topics will be addressed to the reader living another year of his life with a book in his hands. Here you will need a reader's horizons and the ability to reason about great literature.

From the FIPI website

Direct speech

Natalia Solzhenitsyna:

Directions are given not for students, but for teachers and theme developers. Students will write essays on specific topics. In total, at least 300 will be prepared different topics essays. Why so many? The topics will be different for each time zone. Those who receive a “fail” will be able to rewrite their work in February and May, and the topics will not overlap with those on the main day.

On the day of the exam, each student will receive 5 specific topics that he can cover using works of his own choosing. The networks are panicking: what if a person, revealing the theme of love, wants to take “Lolita” or “Fifty Shades of Gray”? Well, if a graduate cares about this, it’s better to write than to drive him underground with his experiences, but I doubt that this will happen in reality. In addition, these books are now marked “18+” in accordance with the Child Protection Law on unwanted information, however, the debate about the application of this law continues. But the direction “Love” gives rise to dozens of themes: this is love for one’s profession, for parents, for the Motherland, large or small, it can be love for animals, for the mountains or the sea, for painting or music, love can be bright and tragic, selfish and sacrificial.

Some teachers suggest giving authors next to topics that you can rely on when expanding on the topic. This was not expected, we tried in every possible way to get away from school literary studies, from imposing templates on children. The teacher can discuss which authors and which works to take, revealing a particular topic, in class. Let's say we indicate three or four authors for the topic of the essay. This will not save a weak student, but it will only hobble a strong one.

Competently

Elena Zinina, scientific secretary Federal Institute pedagogical measurements (FIPI):

Comments on the directions are composed in such a way that they do not suggest the topics of the essays, but at the same time provide certain guidelines and show various possible angles of formulation. A more specific comment could provoke the development of rehearsal topics for essays, various kinds of cheat sheets, including by unscrupulous publishing houses. Topics will be announced 15 minutes before the start of the essay. I assure you, they will not be difficult. It is allowed to use works of art, domestic or foreign, folklore, memoirs, journalism, and poetic works. Requirement: the essay must contain at least one poem. The use of religious literature, including the Bible and the Koran, is not prohibited.

What essays did high school students write at the beginning of the twentieth century?

The word as a source of happiness.

Why is life compared to a journey?

Homeland and foreign side.

About the transience of life.

What items make up Russia's wealth and why?

About the high dignity of human words and writing.

About the fragility of happiness based solely on material wealth.

The fading of our garden in autumn.

Meeting the troops returning from the campaign.

• "Fathers and Sons", I.S. Turgenev;
• "The Cherry Orchard", A.P. Chekhov;
• "Old Woman Izergil", A.M. Bitter;
• "One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich", A.I. Solzhenitsyn;

Quotes and phrases for the direction "Time", speech cliches

Quotes to start and end essays

1. Time is a mirage, it shortens in moments of happiness and stretches in hours of suffering. (R. Aldington)
2. The new becomes old, then the years fly by - And the old will be replaced by the new: so it was, so it will always be. (Rudaki)
3. If time is the most precious thing, then wasting time is the biggest waste. (B. Franklin)
4. Time moves slowly when you're following it... It feels like it's being watched. But it takes advantage of our absent-mindedness. It is even possible that there are two times: the one we follow and the one that transforms us. (A. Camus)
5. Keep time! Guard him any hour, any minute. Without supervision, it will slip away like a lizard. Illuminate every moment with an honest, worthy accomplishment! Give it weight, meaning, light. (T. Mann)
6. It takes one day for some major evil to come to light, but it takes several centuries to wipe it off the face of the earth. (L. Blanki)
7. Those who do not remember their past are doomed to relive it again (D. Santayana, American philosopher).
8. The most ominous of all earthly sounds is the ticking of a clock. (V. Soloukhin)
9. A person who dares to waste an hour of time has not yet realized the value of life. (Charles Darwin)
10. “Time is so fast when you are in a hurry to get somewhere, and so slow when you are waiting for something” (Jason Statham)
11. “Happy people don’t watch the clock” (A.S. Griboyedov)
12. If the present tries to judge the past, then it loses the future. (W. Churchill).
13. Even the richest man is not able to buy back his past. (O. Wilde)
14. I recommend that you take care of the minutes: the watch will take care of itself. (Chesterfield, English writer and politician)
15. Choosing time means saving it. (Francis Bacon, English materialist philosopher)
16. Time heals all wounds. (Russian proverb)
17. The future is acquired in the present. (Samuel Johnson, English writer, author of The English Dictionary)
18. Happy people count time in minutes, while for unhappy people it lasts for months. (James Fenimore Cooper, American writer)

Phrases for constructing an essay

1) We constantly lose time and are unlikely to ever be able to find it: neither in the lost and found, nor in a dark corner under the bed. Time cannot be returned, but it can be made up for, or at least learned not to regret the loss.

2) For everyone there are a large number of opportunities to spend precious hours on television, computer games, and mass media. But these ways to avoid important tasks and kill time are very obvious, like bad habits or empty talk.

3) Among the unknown in the nature around us, the most unknown is time, because no one knows what time is and how to control it.

4) The fact that time either does not exist at all, or barely exists, being something unclear, can be assumed on the basis of the following. One part of it was and no longer exists, the other is in the future and does not yet exist; These parts make up both infinite time and the allocated period of time each time. And that which is composed of non-existent cannot, as it seems, be involved in existence.

5) There is something indivisible in time that we call “now”. In time nothing can be grasped other than the now. “Now” is a continuous connection of time, it connects the past time with the future and in general is the boundary of time, being the beginning of one and the end of the other. Since “now” is the end of the past and the beginning of the future, time always begins and ends. And it will never stop because it always begins. (Aristotle)

6) Time takes away everything; a long series of years can change one’s name, appearance, character, and destiny.

7) Nothing is more painful for a wise person and nothing gives him more anxiety than the need to spend more time on trifles and useless things than they deserve.

Essay topics in this area

1. Is it true that it all starts in childhood?

2. Do you agree that time determines the fate and character of a person?

4. Can a person be ashamed of his generation?

5. Does a writer have the right to talk about the “disease” of his time, his generation?

6. Can a person resist the power of time, era?

7. Does the modern generation care about the problems that writers of other times talked about?

8. Should humanity remember its past?

9. Is a future possible without a past?

12. How do you understand the expression “live in harmony with time”?

13. Time and inner world human: consonance and dissonance.

14. Is it possible to say that life in a turning point denies a person’s personal responsibility?

15. What, from your point of view, did B. Pasternak mean when he said about the artist: “You are a hostage to eternity / Captured by time”?

16. Events of the past that are important for the present and future.

17. What do you think it means to be a “hero of your time”?

18. Why, from your point of view, is the phrase from Hamlet “The connecting thread of days has fallen apart, / How can I connect their fragments?” (in another translation - “The connection of times has fallen apart”) became winged?

19. Is time a line, a circle or a spiral?

20. If I had a time machine:

Examples of finished essays on the thematic area "Time"

Essay samples. The essays offered below should not be perceived as verified and perfected cheat sheets. These samples are intended to form students’ understanding of the full or partial disclosure of the topic of the final essay. We recommend using them as additional source ideas when forming your own understanding of the topic.

We are always surrounded by time. We are in it! There is not a single person who lives separately from time. We are born, grow up, get older... And none of us can turn back our biographical time or change... However, a person, it seems to me, can slow down its movement or speed up! It depends on the “quality” of life2. Such a time is described in many works of fiction. (61 words)

Let us remember the hero of the novel by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. His life is happening before our eyes. Here we see little Ilyusha, who is growing up as an active child. But Oblomov is already in the service. However, homely and spoiled, he quickly becomes disillusioned with the life of an official. The rush, the bustle, the daily coming to work quickly tires Ilya Ilyich, and he first goes on leave on the basis of a “medical certificate”, and then completely resigns. And gradually “grows” to the sofa. The writer in several parts shows the “biographical time” of the hero - the stages of his life path. The first part lasts several hours, and all this time Ilya Ilyich either lies or sits on the sofa. Time stopped for him. Then, in the second and third parts, time rapidly increases: Stolz, a childhood friend, arrived, lifted Oblomov from the sofa, and introduced him to Ilyinskaya. Under the influence of Olga, the protagonist awakens. And the duration of action here is several months. The life of Ilya Ilyich is filled with movement. Finally, the fourth part is the Vyborg side. Here Oblomov spends eight long years. Long! Time stops again, because the hero returns to the state in which we see him at the beginning of the novel: he lies on the sofa and does nothing. And, worst of all, he is comfortable - on the sofa, in a robe, in his dreams... Therefore, it does not matter at all how long he lives with Pshenitsyna, something else is important: sleepy peace envelops Oblomov, the present and the past merge and mix in an unchangeable, frozen time , which stopped: every day is similar to the past. So throughout the novel we see how Oblomov slows down or speeds up his time. And by stopping time, the hero stops life itself: “the lazy crawling from day to day quietly stopped the machine of life. Ilya Ilyich died, apparently, without pain, without suffering, as if a watch had stopped and they had forgotten to wind it.” (271 words)

What conclusion did I come to when reflecting on the proposed topic “Time is the fabric of which life is made?” I think we should agree with the statement of B. Franklin, a US politician: our life consists of thin threads, moments, and it depends on each of us how strong and durable these threads will be, how interesting our life will be, whether we will sleep through it like Oblomov , or we will live brightly and correctly...(59 words)

Total: 391 words

We cannot see time, but it is with its help that we measure our lives. Yes, time exists, although you cannot touch it with your hands: It cannot be stretched, compressed or accelerated at will. Despite this, we can control time, at least partially. You can plan your affairs and have time to do everything you need. You can spend your time usefully: studying, playing sports or reading. But you can waste it: But all people feel the value of minutes and seconds when, for example, they are waiting for an ambulance or a fire truck. A person begins to appreciate time when he is late for a train, does not have time to do something, or does not have time to say important words: Sometimes just one minute is missing! Now, if only we could take this minute away from someone who is wasting time and give it to someone who really needs it! But, unfortunately, this does not happen. Therefore, we all must understand the value of time. After all, every minute is given to us only once. Wasted time will never come back, you won’t be able to live it again. Therefore, time must be protected and spent only on what makes sense, only on what develops us and our abilities.

For example, the main character of Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace,” Andrei Bolkonsky, spent his whole life trying to diversify his life as much as possible. He is young, handsome, received a decent education and upbringing for his time. Despite the harsh disposition and harsh methods of raising his father, Andrei Bolkonsky is grateful to him for the upbringing he received. When the war begins, Andrei is one of the first to go to war. He goes to war not only for glory and his Toulon, but also to find the true meaning of life. Andrei does not ask to serve at headquarters; he prefers a real battlefield, and not the position of a headquarters rat. Having been wounded, he comes to the conclusion that the true meaning is not in glory, but in life itself! After the death of his wife, Andrei loses the meaning of life, but decides to engage in public affairs. Then he fights again. Before the Battle of Borodino, he is overwhelmed with feelings, because he is taking part in a common patriotic cause. Disappointed once again, Andrey, during his trip to Otradnoye, meets an old, mighty oak tree. It’s the height of spring, nature is renewing itself, everything around is blooming and smelling, and only this oak tree stands, as if resisting everything living and new. Andrei involuntarily compares himself to this oak tree and drives away with the thoughts that his life is over and he will have to live out his life rather than live. In Otradnoye he will meet Natasha Rostova, a sweet, young and energetic girl. Her love of life and sincerity make Andrey think about his life, about his age. He develops a real feeling for her and, unnoticed by himself, falls in love with her. So Natasha, with her love, was able to awaken Andrei, make him live again and build dreams for the future. On the way back, Andrei again meets that same oak tree, and now he hardly recognizes it - the oak tree has turned wildly green and blossomed. Andrey is happy, he comes to the conclusion that “life is not over at thirty,” that he must continue to live and improve himself.

Every time on New Year, when the clock strikes 12.00, tears well up in my eyes: At this moment I realize that time is passing, it is running irrevocably, and life is moving inexorably forward. At this moment I understand that we are given life once, and we need to live in such a way as to leave some kind of mark behind us.

M. Gorky wrote in the legend of Marco Polo:
“And you will live on earth like blind worms live: No fairy tales will be written about you, no songs will be sung about you!” Therefore, we need to live in such a way that songs and fairy tales are written about us. Life will be filled with meaning if we spend our entire lives learning and improving ourselves. No wonder I said it at the time Soviet writer Nikolai Ostrovsky: “Life is given to a person once. And you need to live it in such a way that there is no excruciating pain for the priceless time lived!”

Time is an important category for a person. It moves unstoppably, shortening our stay on earth. It seems that there is still a lot of time ahead, but a person cannot predict what awaits him tomorrow. The mortal and self-confident Berlioz talks arrogantly about time. In a conversation with Woland, he declares his plans for the evening, at which the devil laughs, denying the possibility of realizing these plans. And only the survivor, Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev (Bezdomny), realizes the full truth of Woland’s statements. Everything that happens in the park on the Patriarch’s Ponds is almost instantaneous, but what role did these events play in everyone’s life?

2. A.S. Pushkin "Shot"

In Belkin's Tales, a special place is occupied by the story of Silvio, a desperately brave, daring man who devoted his life to the idea of ​​vengeance. One day, having experienced humiliation from a person more successful and even more daring, he decides that it is necessary to take revenge on the offender at all costs. Having retired, he settles in a remote corner, waiting for the moment when he can strike a retaliatory and necessarily fatal blow. Years pass before he learns that his opponent has married the woman he loves. He returns for his once missed shot. The moment that passes during a repeated duel lasts seconds, but for the count at whom the pistol is pointed, a whole life passes. Subsequently, he tells the landowner Belkin how he realized in a few minutes his whole life and all the bad things he did to his opponents.

3. I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco"

The main character of this story by Bunin is deprived of a name, because this man thought very well of himself. In his opinion, he had the right to superiority over all other ordinary people, so the author calls him master. He “worked” throughout his life, as Bunin writes, and this was very clear to all the workers brought from China, working for pennies, in fact, for food and shelter. My whole life was devoted to accumulation in order to one day taste the joy and sweetness of being on vacation in Europe. However, life cannot be planned. Upon arrival in Cyprus, the gentleman suddenly becomes ill. Within a few minutes he dies without ever tasting the joy of life. But the hero living on this sun-drenched island is “Lorenzo, a tall old boatman, a carefree reveler and a handsome man, famous throughout Italy,” who never thinks about profit and life for the future, enjoys the sun and the joy of existence given to him by God.