Literature project: Russian epics. Russian heroes
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We present to your attention a small experimental illustrated dictionary. It may be very incomplete, but it is your own. Explanations are given to several hundred words and concepts related to iconography to varying degrees. The articles are very brief, but still, it is better to know a little about everything than a lot about nothing. Who is the dictionary intended for? This dictionary can be classified as popular, and therefore, it is designed for the most wide circle readers. What is included in the dictionary. Dictionary entries cover many topics: technology of icon painting and mural painting, information on iconography and architecture, terms related to worship, historical, biographical, art concepts, some outdated words, etc. How to use a dictionary. The dictionary is built on the principle of a notebook: on the right you see signed labels of pages with dictionary entries; by selecting one of them, you can open a sheet with words starting with the selected letters. Here is a list of dictionary pages: A-B|C-D|D-E|Zh-Z|I-K|L-M|N-O|P-R|S-T|U-F|H-C|H -Ш|ШЧ-ы|Э-Я|0-9, A-Z, abbreviations|spelling, spelling|list of articles|literature The titles of articles are in most cases given in the singular, for example: “CANON”, not “CANON”. After the title of the article, possible synonyms or spellings are given, separated by commas, for example: “AURPIGMENT, auripigment, auripigment, uripigment... yellow, rauschgelb, razhgil.” Data on accentology may be given in square brackets, the stressed vowel is conventionally shown in red, for example: [apse] A brief etymological reference is given for some terms in parentheses, for example: “CLAMYS (lat. chlamidis - cloak).” Dates are given in two styles - “old” (Julian calendar) and “new” (Gregorian), for example: “September 4 (17).” The dictionary's reference system is built on the basis of hyperlinks. Clicking on an article word that is a link takes you to the corresponding dictionary entry, for example: "eight-pointed halo" Whenever possible, I tried to include illustrations in the articles, but to save space and loading time, the sizes of the pictures are quite small. To view the picture in more detail, simply click on it. Some specific links are indicated by icons: - links to books and texts - to images (icons, monumental paintings, etc.) - to architectural structures - to pages and sites on the Internet If, after a dictionary entry, you come across this icon: , then by clicking on it, you can find out more detailed information about the word or concept (in any form). You can also look at the list of all Dictionary entries (there, among other things, you can see the current number of dictionary entries) and to the list of words that have not yet been described. There has not yet been a place and time for a page about orthoepy (the correct pronunciation of words). A list of sources used is given on the last page of the dictionary. You can find out about the compilers of the dictionary on the “about the authors” page. Are you interested in its form and content? Maybe you have additions or comments? Please report any errors or inaccuracies you find to NesuSvet.
Project:
“Epics. Russian heroes"
Glory to the Russian side!
Glory to Russian antiquity!
And about this old thing
I'll start telling you
So that people can know
About the affairs of our native land.
(2 slide)
Completed by: students of 4th grade
Teacher: Viflyantseva L.V.
MBOU Secondary School No. 6 named after. K. Minina, Balakhna
2018
1. Introduction
2. Main part
Definition of the concept of “epic, hero”;
Sociological research.
3. Conclusion. Reinforcing the material by defending a poster presentation.
4. List of used literature and Internet resources
« Epics. Russian heroes »
Relevance and practical significance of the project : we must know our past, the great exploits of our people, our heroes. They are an example of courage and valor, the pride of our land and nurture the Russian spirit in us.
Hypothesis (assumption):
that heroes are defenders from enemies, warriors with great strength.
Bogatyr is an example of the great spirit of Russian people.(3 slide)
Project goal: find out who the epic heroes are
Tasks:
Learn to work collectively;
Study and consider various sources of information on the topic “Russian heroes»;
Define "epics, hero»;
Learn history heroes;
Summarize and consolidate information aboutRussian heroesamong classmates,students of 4th grade by using defending a poster presentation.(4 slide)
Project participants
– 4 “G” class, divided into groups.
The project is medium-term.
Forms for students to present research results :
Poster presentation (group protection).
Presentation (for all groups)
Questions guiding the project
What do we know about heroic personalities in Russian history?
Who are the Russian heroes?
How did people become heroes in the distant past?
What qualities should a hero have?
Were there many heroes?
How works of literature, painting, music, films and cartoons tell us about Russian heroes.
Expected results:
1. After completing the project, students will gain basic skills for working on a creative project:
See the problem and outline ways to solve it;
Select and structure the studied information on a specific topic (skills in working with various sources of information);
Will acquire the skills of independent qualitative research of a problem.
2. They will have a fairly complete understanding of the heroes in Russian history.
2. What are epics?
Epics
- Russian folk songs and tales about heroes.
Russian epics
is a kind of encyclopedia of folk
life, a source of ardent patriotism and our national
pride.
The epic came from the word “byl”. The epics were composed by storytellers - the guardians of Russian antiquity. They walked from village to village and chanted (like a song) about the great events of our homeland, about the heroic heroes, their exploits, about how they defeated evil enemies, defended their land, showed their bravery, courage, ingenuity, kindness .
The meaning of the word Bogatyr :
1. Russian epics and fairy tales.
distinguished by extraordinary
courage, daring.
2. strong build,
Bogatyrs are heroes of Russian epics who performed feats in the name of the Motherland, people of immeasurable strength, perseverance, courage, endowed with extraordinary intelligence and ingenuity.
(5 slide)
Behind the name of each of the epic heroes is a specific person who lived once upon a time in Rus', and who accomplished his feats only in the epics their characters are embellished by the people.
A storyteller walked from village to village and told in a sing-song voice (like a song) about heroic heroes and their exploits. He talked about how it happened. About the deeds and victories of the heroes, about how they defeated evil enemies, defended their land, showed their bravery, courage, ingenuity, and kindness.(6 slide)
The narrator said this:
I'll tell you about old things,
Yes, about the old ones, about the experienced ones,
Yes about battles, yes about battles,
Yes, about heroic deeds!(7 slide)
This is how the epic was composed. Among the Russian people, epic stories about mighty heroes have been passed down from mouth to mouth for many centuries, from grandfather to grandson.
The epics reflected the life of the Russian people, which was very difficult in Rus'. Almost every epic mentions Kyiv, Rus', Russian land, Motherland, Russia - what beautiful and mysterious words.
Rus. A very short word. It came to us from hoary antiquity and remained with us forever.(8 slide)
Sociological research (results).
We conducted a sociological study on the topic “Bogatyrs of the Russian Land in our time.”
This study took place among students in grades 2-4 of MBOU Secondary School No. 6 from October 1, 2018 to October 20, 2018.
25 people took part in the survey.
The age of the respondents ranged from 8 to 11 years.
To the question “Who are the heroes?” the children wrote similar answers. General description: Bogatyrs are mighty people of the Russian land, brave, courageous (strong in spirit), warriors, defenders of their Motherland and people.
Among the children, the most famous wereIlya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich, Svyatogor.
68% would like to be like Ilya Muromets. Because he is the strongest, always defended his native land and was our fellow countryman.
12% for Dobrynya Nikitich, because he was wise.
12% - to Alyosha Popovich, because he is strong, the youngest and savvy.
8% - Svyatogor, because he is the strongest and most powerful hero from the world of epics.
The main qualities of a hero:
Physical strength – 39%
Fortitude – 22%
Love for the Motherland – 22%
Cunning, ingenuity – 4%
Military art – 13%
Survey participants see the hero not only as powerful and strong spirit, but also knowledgeable in military affairs. The main quality is powerful strength.
Attracts in heroes:
Participants in our survey are attracted to the spiritual qualities of heroes (courage, self-confidence, nobility, helping the weak, fighting for justice, love for the Motherland and its defense).
Knowledge about heroes:
Books – 60%
Cinema – 12%
Cartoons – 20%
Excursions to museums – 8%
Are there any heroes now? Who can you name?
Yes, there are heroes (athletes, military) - 80%
No – 8%
Don't know – 12%
Is it possible to become a hero?
Most children think it is possible. To do this, you need to believe in yourself, play sports, be fair, kind, wise, honest, train willpower, spirit, help people, be a patriot. But some children and adults believe that it will not work. Because physical and spiritual data are laid down by nature. You can become a good person, a strong athlete, a hero, but not a hero.
Is it honorable to be a hero in our time?
Half of the children believe that it is not honorable to be a hero now. Because over time, the character traits for which heroes were respected ceased to be valued and people’s aspirations changed towards achieving material values. But most children and adults think it is honorable. Because we lack such people as heroes, who believe in eternal human values, who look to the future with hope and optimism.
Thus, as a result of the research, we learned the meaning of the term “epics”, got acquainted with the main Heroes of the Russian Land, conducted a sociological survey, the results of which showed us the knowledge of people modern world about the history of heroes.
We believe that the topic of our research is very important for any generation, because we must know our past, the great exploits of our people, our heroes. They are an example of courage and valor, the pride of our land and nurture the Russian spirit in us.
The main heroes of Rus':
Russian hero Mikula Selyaninovich (group 1) (9 slide)
Mikula Selyaninovich is a Russian hero who knows how to be a peasant. Mikula is a farmer, a hard worker. Confidence and power emanate from him.
And what a wonderful appearance the Russian people endowed Mikula with! The hero is stately, powerful, his eyes are clear, like a falcon, and his eyebrows are black, like sable. And what wonderful curls! They sway like pearls are falling apart. The Russian people did not skimp on paints in order to adequately depict the Russian hero!
The works of Mikula Selyaninovich are glorious! And they are connected with Mother Earth. He deftly handles the plow. It makes such furrows that if you go to one side, you won’t see the other. Powerful roots are turned out like stones and thrown into furrows.
When getting acquainted with the epic about Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich, one comes to the understanding that the sympathies of the Russian people are on the side of the tiller Mikula, and not the warriors of the hero Volga. They give primacy in strength and dignity to the hero who is connected with Mother Earth.
And the epic ends with Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich a good story specifically about Mikula. About how he manages rye and treats the peasants.
Russian hero Volga Vseslavevich (group 2) (12 slide)
Volga is the son of a snake and Princess Marfa Vseslavyevna, who miraculously conceived him by accidentally stepping on a snake. Then he became very angry, but when he saw Marfa Vseslavyevna, he fell in love. The shaking of the earth and the terrible fear of all living creatures at the moment when Volga saw the light point to him as the personification of some elemental force.
Volga grows by leaps and bounds, and soon becomes a mighty hero, possessing not only the art of fighting enemies, but also reading books and turning into different animals.
The central point of the epics about Volga is his campaign in a distant kingdom: Indian, the lands of the Turkish Sultan Suleiman. He's recruiting a squad. To provide her with everything she needs, he turns to the wolf and falcon, feeding the warriors with game.
The success of the campaign is due to the wisdom of Volga. He spoils the bowstrings of enemies with an ermine, and bites the throats of horses with a wolf. So that the squad can overcome the impregnable walls, he turns the warriors into ants, and within the walls of the city returns them to their human appearance.
The winner marries the wife of the murdered king, and gives his soldiers the local girls left alive. He himself becomes king.
Russian hero Ilya Muromets (3rd group) ( 16 slide )
Ilya Muromets (full epic name - Ilya Muromets son Ivanovich) is one of the main characters of the Russian epic epic, a hero, a people's defender.
According to epics, the hero Ilya Muromets “did not control” his arms and legs until the age of 33, and then received miraculous healing from the elders (or passers-by). The elders tell Ilya to drink water. After the second drink, Ilya feels excessive strength in himself, and he is given a third drink to reduce the strength. Afterwards, the elders tell Ilya that he must go into the service of Prince Vladimir. At the same time, they mention that on the road to Kyiv there is a heavy stone with an inscription, which Ilya must also visit. Afterwards, Ilya says goodbye to his parents, brothers and relatives and goes “to the capital city of Kyiv” and first comes to that motionless stone. On the stone was written a call to Ilya to move the stone from its fixed place. There he will find a heroic horse, weapons and armor. Ilya moved the stone and found everything that was written there. He said to the horse: “Oh, you are a heroic horse! Serve me with faith and truth." After this, Ilya gallops to Prince Vladimir, serves him and the Russian people. Read about this in the epics “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya Muromets and the Poganous Idol”, “The Battle of Ilya Muromets with Zhidovin”.
Russian hero Alyosha Popovich (group 4) (19 slide)
The Russian people did not treat him with sympathy. Epics often depict Alyosha Popovich not in at its best, often in them he is called “Alyoshka”. But they treat him with condescension.The heroes said that he was bragging about his prowess.
But There are good traits in Alyosha’s character. This is courage, daring. In songs he is constantly accompanied by the word “brave”. He has a desire to defeat the enemy. The hero Alyosha wins battles not so much with strength and courage as with cunning and deception. In these ways, he twice killed his main enemy, the snake Tugarin (like a mythical creature, the snake killed by Alyosha then comes to life): once Alyosha pretended that he did not hear from a distance what the snake was saying, and when he came close, he suddenly hit him; another time he forced the snake to look back - what kind of innumerable power was behind him (according to Alyosha), and at that time he cut off his head.
Alyosha is also inclined to dominate other people; he also has a lust for power.
In Russian epics, Alyosha Popovich is the third most important Russian hero. Nature gave him less strength than Ilya or Dobrynya, but he is courageous and courageous, and most importantly, savvy and cunning. These qualities were also highly valued in Rus'. Especially when with the help of these qualities it was possible to defeat the enemy.
Yes, Alyosha is sometimes careless and frivolous, but he is cheerful, certainly loves his Motherland, intolerant of its enemies, and selfless.
Russian hero Dobrynya Nikitich (group 5) (21 slides)
We know the hero Dobrynya Nikitich well. According to his name, he is kind, although not as generous as Ilya Muromets - he does not spare the enemy.
Among the heroes, Dobrynya Nikitich is in one of the first places. He is unusually strong and comprehensively gifted. Dobrynya Nikitich is an excellent archer and chess player.
The distinctive qualities of a hero are tenderness of heart, politeness, and reverence. There is an epic in which Dobrynya bitterly complains to his mother about his fate, that he was born a hero and is forced to destroy people.
In epics it is often said about him that there is no one in Kyiv more polite and courteous than him, which is why it is to him that Prince Vladimir gives such assignments as traveling to a foreign land as an ambassador, matchmaking.
Dobrynya guslar, singer (or buffoon). Dobrynya performs many feats: one of the most important, his first feat was a fight while swimming in the Pochay River with the Serpent. The hero freed the captives from the cave, among whom was Prince Vladimir’s niece, “young Zabava Putyatishna.”
Dobrynya is married to Nastasya Mikulishna, daughter of Mikula Selyaninovich. He loves his wife, and he himself is loved. They live together with Dobrynya’s mother, in good harmony and peace.
THERE WERE MANY BOGATYRS ON THE RUSSIAN LAND: ( Slide 23 )
The hero Svyatogor, the hero Volga, the hero Sineglazka...
And strong, mighty
heroes in glorious Rus'!
Don't let your enemies jump on our
Earth!
Don't trample the Earth with their horses
Russian
They will not outshine our sun
red!
Rus' stands a century - it does not waver!
And it will stand for centuries - no
it will move!
And the legends of antiquity
We must not forget.
Glory to Russian antiquity!
Glory to the Russian side!
Popular proverbs: (24 slide)
The hero is not famous by birth, but by his feat.
There is no better thing than defending your native land from enemies.
My wealth is heroic strength, my business is to serve Rus' and defend it from enemies.
In the Russian heart there is direct honor and love for Mother Rus'.
Conclusion - Conclusion: (26 slide)
While working on the project, we became acquainted with many works of literature and painting, learned a large number of poems and sayings, became interested in epic works, and most importantly, felt involved in the history of the Russian people. For many, the Russian hero is now an example to follow in their lives.
The topic of our project is important for any generation, because we must know our past, the great exploits of our people, our heroes. They are an example of courage and valor, the pride of our land and nurture the Russian spirit in us.
The covenant of the heroes to us, their descendants: (27 slide)
– Defend your homeland, take care of it. -
Protect the weak, the poor, the elderly and children.
Be strong, brave, courageous, courageous.
To love your native land, your people, your country and your Motherland.
Materials used.
1. Pictures from the website on the Internet
2. Epics. Russians folk tales. M.: Children's literature, 1986.
3. Website Wikipedia
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Epics
Bylinas are Russian folk epic songs about the exploits of heroes. The basis of the plot of the epic is some heroic event, or a remarkable episode of Russian history (hence the popular name of the epic - “starina”, “old woman”, implying that the action in question took place in the past). Epics are usually written in tonic verse with two to four stresses. The term “epics” was first introduced by Ivan Sakharov in the collection “Songs of the Russian People” in 1839; he proposed it based on the expression “according to epics” in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” which meant “according to the facts.”
Historicism At the center of many Russian epics is the figure of the Kyiv prince Vladimir, who can be identified with Vladimir II Monomakh (prince 1113-1125). Ilya Muromets is mentioned in the 13th century in the Norwegian "Saga of Thidrek" and the German poem "Ortnit", and in 1594 the German traveler Erich Lassota saw his tomb in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv. Alyosha Popovich served with the Rostov princes, then moved to Kyiv and died in the battle on the Kalka River. The Novgorod Chronicle tells how Stavr Godinovich incurred the wrath of Vladimir Monomakh and was drowned for robbing two citizens of Novgorod; another version of the same chronicle says that he was exiled. Danube Ivanovich is often mentioned in the chronicles of the 13th century as one of the servants of Prince Vladimir Vasilkovich, and Sukhman Dolmantyevich (Odikhmantyevich) was identified with the Pskov prince Domant (Dovmont).
For a long time, epics were not written down until famous scientists Pavel Nikolaevich Rybnikov (1832-1885) and Alexander Fedorovich Hilferding (1831-1872) became interested in them. More than 200 epic texts were included in the four-volume “Songs collected by P. N. Rybnikov.” A.F. Hilferding published 318 epics. Hilferding, Alexander Fedorovich
The images of Russian heroes and knights are widely reflected in the works of famous artists, for example, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel - the decorative panel “Bogatyr”, or Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov - “Bogatyrs” (a painting that he painted for almost twenty years). Mikhail Vrubel. Bogatyr. 1898.
Victor Vasnetsov. Bogatyrs on horseback. 1896.
Epics are divided into works of the pre-Christian and Christian periods. The pre-Christian cycle includes tales about Svyatogor, Mikita Selyaninovich, Volga, which belong to the so-called “wandering stories” rooted in the commonality of religious and cult elements of pre-Christian Europe. The Baptism of Rus' and the era of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir became the core of an extensive Christian epic cycle, which is based on reliable historical events and personalities. Andrey Ryabushkin. A feast of heroes at the affectionate Prince Vladimir. 1888.
The group of heroes associated with Prince Vladimir and the city of Kiev is divided into senior and junior. Victor Vasnetsov. Knight at a crossroads. 1878.
Only Svyatogor, Volga Svyatoslavich and Mikula Selyaninovich are considered senior heroes; adds Samson, Sukhan and then Polkan, Kolyvan Ivanovich, Ivan Kolyvanovich, Samson Ivanovich, Samson Samoilovich and Molofer or Malafey; Don Ivanovich and Danube Ivanovich are also added. Bogatyrs personify various natural phenomena: older heroes - formidable phenomena, hostile to people, occurring during winter; so, for example, in the image of Svyatogor the gigantic clouds that cover the entire sky are personified; younger heroes are also natural phenomena, but beneficial for humans, occurring in the summer; the walking Kaliki are wandering clouds shedding rain; Initially, both of them were represented as deities, but some were their elder generation, titans, destroyers, and others were protectors of people.
"Svyatogor". 1942 Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich
"Samson" - the central fountain of the Peterhof palace and park ensemble
Younger heroes Younger heroes are divided into native and visiting; the latter include: Solovey Budimirovich, Churilo Plenkovich, Duke Stepanovich and others. Some scientists divide the heroes into types belonging to the pre-Tatar, Tatar and post-Tatar era, or Moscow: to the first group they include Dobrynya Nikitich, Ivan Danilovich and Alyosha Popovich; to the second: the heroes at the outpost, Idolishche, Ilya Muromets, Vasily Ignatievich and the heroes who “transferred”; to the third: Mikulu Selyaninovich, Khoten Bludovich, Churil Plenkovich, Dyuk Stepanovich, Danil Lovchenin, forty caliks with a calico, Solovy Budimirovich. In addition, the heroes are divided into only Vladimir himself, Dobrynya, as well as Volga Svyatoslavich, Stavr Godinovich, Ivan Danilovich, Churil Plenkovich and partly Ivan Godinovich.
Andrey Ryabushkin. Mikula Selyaninovich. 1895.
Andrey Ryabushkin. Volga Vseslavevich. 1895.
Ivan Bilibin. Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber
Andrey Ryabushkin. Alyosha Popovich. 1895.
Victor Vasnetsov. Fight between Dobrynya Nikitich and the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych. 1913-1918
Andrey Ryabushkin. Sadko, a rich Novgorod guest. 1895.
The presentation was prepared by a teacher of Russian language and literature at the Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 20 named after A.A. Khmelevsky” in Kursk Olga Nikolaevna Maltseva Thank you!
Fairy tale epic Similarities: 1. Both fairy tales and epics exist in oral form. 2.Both genres have existed since ancient times. Differences: 1. A fairy tale is a prosaic, artistic fantasy story of a magical or everyday nature. 2. Main feature- fiction. 3.Fairy tales were “told.” 1. Description of the exploits of heroes. 2. Captures historical reality in general terms. 3. The epics “said” - they sang or spoke, accompanied by the gusli.
Tonic verse The first stress is on the first syllable from the beginning. The last stress is on the third syllable from the end. How ILYA galloped from a good horse, and he fell to mother damp earth. How the damp earth mother knocks, And under the same as the eastern side.
Construction Beginning, development of action, climax, denouement. Chorus Ending (not related to the content) Height, height in heaven, Ay now to him, and after that Depth, depth - okiyan - sea, And now they sing Sadka and glory Wide expanse throughout the whole earth, Deep are the pools of the Dnieper...
Gouges are a loop in a clamp that fastens the shaft to the arc. Bulatny – made of damask steel, hard, elastic, with a patterned steel surface. Saffiano is a thin and soft goat or sheep leather, specially tanned and dyed in a bright color. Solovy - about the color of horses, yellowish (in combination with a light tail and a light mane).
Collectors of epics He opened for us priceless treasures of the spiritual life of the people. 4 volumes (165 epics) of “Songs collected by Rybnikov” were published. Rybnikov Nikolaevich Pavel
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
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Epics The true history of the working people cannot be known without knowing the oral folk art. M. Gorky The art of folk craftsmen has become a legend, its power extends to our time. V. Anikin
2 slide
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The term "folklore", which was first introduced into science in 1846 by the English scientist W. J. Toms, translated means "folk wisdom"
3 slide
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4 slide
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Epic genres in folklore epics tales legends songs of a narrative nature
5 slide
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Epic The term epic was assigned to epic tales and epic songs in the mid-19th century; Previously they were called antiquities, less often - antiques. Bylina is a unique, purely Russian genre of folk epic, which tells about heroes, folk heroes and real historical events, folded into Ancient Rus', reflecting historical reality, mainly from the 11th to 16th centuries.
6 slide
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Epics are works of art, and therefore they are characterized by fiction. For epics, it is not the truth of an individual fact that is important, but the truth of life. Therefore, in epics there is no accuracy in reproduction historical events, dates, names, geographical names.
7 slide
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Performing epics Not everyone could perform epics. The storytellers were especially talented people with excellent memories. Usually the honorable task of telling an epic was entrusted to elderly people, from 60-65 years old, with great life experience. In Ancient Rus', storytellers enjoyed honor and respect; their skill in performing epics was often passed on from parents to children and was the property of the family. Taking over the gift of a storyteller from their father, remembering the plots of epics and coming up with something new was a great happiness for the young. Many listeners always gathered around the storytellers, who experienced the stories of the heroes with trepidation and great attention. Long epics were especially often performed winter evenings when there was a lull in peasant life. The epics were not sung, but spoken - pronounced in recitative. The song sounded slowly, smoothly, in a sing-song manner. Recitative is melodious speech in a vocal musical work, chanting
8 slide
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Slide 9
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Storytellers of epics T.G. Ryabinin Collector of epics P.N. Rybnikov M.D. Krivopolenova The Kryukov Sisters
10 slide
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Zaonezhsky poetess Irina Andreevna Fedosova 1827 -1899. Near the lake, a plank fence has rotted. On the mountain there is a variety of wooden crosses. Sing, Irina Andreevna, light of Fedosova! Sing about the peasants of the Olonets province. R. Rozhdestvensky
11 slide
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Born in Zaonezhye, in the village of Garnitsy, Sennogubsky churchyard, he lost his parents early. He was raised by the peasant world. He adopted the epics from his old fellow villager Ivan Agapitov and kept them in his memory all his life. I learned a lot of epics from Ilya Elustafyev. In 1860, the famous collector P.N. Rybnikov recorded the first epics from the storyteller. In total, he recorded 23 texts. In 1871, another scientist, A.F. Hilferding, recorded 19 stories (21 texts). Ryabinin was invited to perform in St. Petersburg and was awarded a silver medal.
12 slide
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Composition of the epic Beginning (initial, introductory part of the work) - the time and place of action are indicated here, the characters discussed in the epic are named Main part - a description of the hero is given, his unusual behavior is shown, the responsible assignment given to him is stated Conclusion - the conclusion is summed up to all that has been said, the exploits or deeds of the protagonist of the epic are once again praised
Slide 13
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Slide 14
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Classification of epics by content Epics of heroic content (epics about Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, etc.) Social epics (epics about Sadko, Vasily Buslaev, etc.) Epics of magical and fairy-tale content (there are a few of them: “Sunflower Kingdom”, “Untold dream") Epics close to historical songs Epics of a parody nature
15 slide
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Artistic Features epics In the text of the epic we find signs of real Russian antiquity. There are few descriptions in epics, but they perform important artistic functions: they give credibility to the story, express the author’s likes and dislikes, and complement the image of the hero. The narration in epics is interrupted by dialogue, the purpose of which is to emphasize what distinguishes and glorifies the hero, and fully reveals his heroic essence. “Saying” (singing intonation) Hyperbolization - exaggeration of the main features, qualities of heroes, life phenomena associated with them (the hero’s club weighs forty, and sometimes ninety pounds, the horse carries the hero “higher than a standing forest, just below a walking cloud,” etc. )
16 slide
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Repetitions Constant epithets (a beautiful maiden, a clear field, a good horse, etc.) Synonyms Comparisons Diminutive and increasing suffixes Techniques of contrast (a hero and a monster enemy) and antithesis (the hero acts contrary to advice and warnings). Use of recitatives Lack of rhyme Artistic features of epics
Slide 17
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Epics tell about invincible Russian heroes - and this is also true. Glorifying the heroes, the defenders of the Motherland, the epics called for feats for the glory of the fatherland, raising the spirit of the people in difficult times of testing. The epics also tell about the defeats of Russian heroes in battles with enemies.
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The “Elder” heroes are the embodiment of the elements, titanic forces that received the outlines of a human image, but still remained a world power Svyatogor Volkh Vseslavyevich Mikhailo Potyk “Younger” heroes are closer to people Ilya Muromets Dobrynya Nikitich Alyosha Popovich
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From the history of the epic The epic about Volga and Mikula is from Novgorod. Researchers attribute its origin to the 14th – 15th centuries. The proof is the meaning of the epic: Novgorod recognized only those decisions of the Kyiv prince that were liked by the Novgorodians. Also Sun. Miller considers the picture of plowing as evidence of the origin of the epic. It was in the northern principalities that the soil, after clearing the forest, was strewn with roots that needed to be uprooted.
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Explain the meaning of the outdated words: Guzhiki A loop in a clamp that fastens the shaft to the arc Damask steel Made of damask steel - ancient, hard and elastic steel with a patterned surface Morocco Thin and soft goat or sheep leather, specially dressed and dyed in a bright color Solovy About the color of horses; yellowish (in combination with a light tail and light mane)
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Prince Volga Svyatoslavovich Prince Volga is of extraordinary origin. He is the son of the princess and Zmey Gorynych. He inherited magical abilities from his father, “he wanted a lot of wisdom.” Volga uses these opportunities for good deeds. But the plowman surpasses even such a man in power and valor.
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Mikula means Nikolai in modern times, and Selyaninovich means that he is a peasant, that is, he lives in a village. He just emphasizes this: yes, I am a simple peasant plowman (oratay), not a prince, not a warrior and not a hero). Village from the word to settle on land, a certain territory. Where do you think the hero got his name - Mikula Selyaninovich? What does it mean?
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Read the description of Mikula's appearance. The portrait shows the authors' desire to decorate the appearance of their beloved hero: he is dressed not like a peasant for work, but like a boyar. “The Oratay has green morocco boots” - these are the shoes of very rich and noble people, like the caftan of black velvet. “Look at your heels with an awl, your noses are sharp, A sparrow will fly under your heel, Roll an egg around your nose” - a high and thin heel - like an awl; pointed, high-turned toe
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What does the nameless author of the epic emphasize in the guise of Mikula Selyaninovich? (Physical strength, brave prowess, hard work, patience.) What is the portrait of the as yet unknown hero? (An idealized image of the folklore “good fellow.”) What can you say about this character’s clothing? Could an ancient Russian plowman have been dressed like this: “The orata has green morocco boots... The orata has a down hat...”? Of course not. Where did this appearance of the hero of the work come from? (Perhaps a later exaggeration, a desire to show as best as possible external beauty hero.)
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How is not the external, transitory, but the internal, spiritual beauty of Mikula Selyaninovich shown? Read the conversation between the prince and the plowman. What can we say about the mind and education of the “simple peasant”? Does Oratai boast of its strength and importance? How does he demonstrate to the prince and his squad that his work is more important than the “labor” of the tax collectors? Read this passage. Why do ordinary villagers respect Mikula Selyaninovich? (For hard work, hospitality, self-esteem and kindness.) Why does Prince Volga Svyatoslavich respect Mikula Selyaninovich? (3a physical strength, skill, hard work, self-esteem and kindness.)
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a man of remarkable strength, an ideal of morality true patriot homeland, living in its interests. What characteristics could you give to a Russian hero?
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Epic Hero- a hero of the epic who acts in real historical time, has extraordinary physical strength, military valor and wisdom.
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What is the main idea of the epic? ( Main value on Earth - a hard worker, in a figurative sense - a plowman. Only a person who creates something new and what people need, deserves respect. The state and power in the person of the prince and his squad must respect, protect and protect the man-plowman, since without him there will be no state itself, there will be no villages and cities, simply bread will not be born.)
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Vladimir-Suzdal period Epics dedicated to the peasant Ilya from Murom and Dobrynya Nikitich reflected the processes associated with the formation and prosperity of Kievan Rus, when life away from the capital of the state was filled with many dangers. The main feature of the epic heroes of this period is love for native land. They are distinguished not only by their incredible strength, nobility, and courage, but also by their desire to observe all established customs.
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EPICS about Ilya Muromets The first exploits of Ilya Muromets. Ilya Muromets and Tsar Kalin. Svyatogor and Ilya Muromets. Three trips of Ilya Muromets. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber. Fight between Ilya Muromets and his son.
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You are offered a plan of the structural parts of the epic. Based on it, make a quotation plan for the work. Departure of Ilya Muromets to Kyiv Victory in the first battle The story of the Chernigov residents about Nightingale the Robber Meeting with Nightingale the Robber Victory of Ilya Muromets Meeting of Ilya Muromets with Prince Vladimir The story of Ilya Muromets Doubts of Prince Vladimir Two orders to Nightingale the Robber Reprisal against Nightingale the Robber
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Quote outline “A distant, portly, good fellow was leaving” “... he beat this whole great force” “The Nightingale the Robber is sitting on a damp oak tree” “The Nightingale whistled like a nightingale” “He knocked out his right eye with a braid” “Here Vladimir- the prince began to question the young man” “And I was driving along the straight path” “In your eyes, man, you’re playing tricks” “You whistle like a nightingale’s whistle” “And he cut off his violent head”
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Who did Ilya Muromets fight with? The image of the Nightingale the Robber was associated among the people with the main enemy of the ancient Slavs - the Tatar-Mongol horde.
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What folklore work is the epic close in composition to? Fairy tale Epic Similarities: 1. Both fairy tales and epics existed in oral form. 2. Both genres have existed since ancient times. Differences: 1. A fairy tale is a prosaic, artistic fantasy story of a magical or everyday nature. 2. The main feature of a fairy tale is fiction. 3. Fairy tales are created in prose form. 4. Fairy tales were “told.” 1. Description of the exploits of heroes (epics are called heroic epic). 2. The epic is not characterized by an accurate transmission of historical facts; it captures historical reality in generalized images. 3. Epics have a song and poetic form. 4. The epics “said” - they sang or spoke, accompanied by the harp.
