Sukhomlinsky in external human beauty. The problem of true beauty

The ideal of human beauty.

Man has always had a desire for beauty. Living in incredibly difficult conditions, the people created true masterpieces, trying to decorate simple household items with painting, embroidery, and carving. However, the concept of beauty, which is very complex and includes a whole complex of external and internal qualities of a person, has changed over time. Each historical era gave birth to its own idea of ​​beauty. It developed in accordance with certain climatic conditions, political, economic and other features of social life. Many great minds of mankind have thought about the secrets and laws of beauty, about the nature of beauty. Symmetry was and remains an indispensable condition for “eternal and unchanging” beauty; harmony - unity in diversity; mutual correspondence of all features and proportions; a complete, holistic image; feeling of authentic life.

Man not only created images of ideal beauty that have come down to us in the works of great poets and writers, masters of painting and sculpture, but in real life he also tried to imitate all this ideal. Each generation defined its ideal of beauty, and this primarily concerned women, since less attention was always paid to the beauty of men.

At all times, men were connoisseurs of female beauty, and the first of them (according to Greek mythology) was the son of the Trojan king Paris, Zeus instructed him to judge Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, arguing among themselves about beauty. “The apple of discord” with the inscription: “To the most beautiful” - Paris gave to Aphrodite, who was later caught using powder and lipstick.

Thus, almost simultaneously with the appearance of man, cosmetics appeared that preserved beauty, emphasized advantages and masked shortcomings. Now modern women have everything: cosmetics, salon treatments, master classes from professionals. But for women who lived much earlier than you and me, it was more difficult to fight for beauty. There are some facts from history about what women were capable of for the sake of their beauty, it’s really scary to look at, but despite all the absurdity, this happened in reality. Here are some of them:

POISONOUS BEAUTY

In the 19th century, it was fashionable to eat arsenic to “give the face a blooming appearance, the eyes a shine, and the body an attractive roundness.” Taking arsenic, of course, was regulated by a whole set of rules - the moon must be waxing, the first dose is only one grain (until resistance is developed), and once you have started, you must continue to eat this crap for the rest of your life - otherwise death.

True, there were also side effects - arsenic accumulates in the thyroid gland and causes goiter. And sometimes death. But when it comes to beauty, who can stop that?

CINDERELLA'S LEGS

For more than a millennium, a woman's beauty in China has been judged by her feet. To please Chinese men and increase their chance of marriage, women in the Middle Empire had to mutilate their legs. A woman with a normal foot had no hope of getting married. When the foot was first bandaged at the age of two, four toes were bandaged to the sole with meter-long tapes so tightly that the bones were broken. Ultimately, the foot was supposed to look like a crescent moon. During this procedure, most girls passed out from pain or screamed so much that their mothers gagged them. Every day the bandages were tightened tighter and tighter. This ultimately led to the skin on the legs beginning to rot, the nails growing in or completely dying off and peeling off. The rotting skin was trimmed every day and bone fragments were removed. Sometimes mothers contributed to the speedy process of tissue decomposition and added porcelain chips, dirt or worms under the bandages. A terrible smell emanated from the feet. The deformity lasted for about three years, after which the feet were virtually dead. The ideal size was 7.5 cm!

The Spanish women of the Renaissance experienced the most difficult period of corset fashion. An iron case on hinges with holes for ventilation, which served as a corset, was not without reason called an instrument of torture. The waist decreased to 20–30 cm in girth. As a result, the corset compressed and displaced the liver, stomach, kidneys, genitals, and disrupted blood circulation. As a result, young women suffered from chronic diseases of internal organs, dying prematurely from them. Nevertheless, such rigid corsets were popular until the 18th century.

PLASTIC

Plastic surgery, what is it? Is it a last resort that people resort to to correct certain defects in their appearance, or is it a real addiction, similar to drugs or alcohol?

In pursuit of the perfect face and body, celebrities give away millions and end up looking like horror movie characters. Some are so carried away by the surgeon's scalpel that their external image makes them shudder.

ANOREXIA

Anorexia is rightfully called the disease of the 21st century. According to some estimates, up to 30% of the population of developed countries suffers from eating disorders, 9% of which are anorexia. Anorexia claims the lives of many young women and girls every year, leaving some disabled for life.

The beauty of the human body has been raised to incredible heights by our century. The cult of youth and beauty is so absolute that it gives rise in people not so much to the desire to achieve this unrealistic height, but rather to the suffering that the ideal is unattainable. All the thoughts of a modern person are absorbed in external beauty. Behind tons of powder and blush we hide our self-doubt, our imperfections. Humanity is too caught up in the game of perfection. And it’s not so scary that the ideal of beauty is so high, but that any discrepancy with this artificial ideal is almost equated with ugliness. In our age, it is more important than ever that the ideal of beauty becomes more spiritual. Kindness and tenderness, sincerity and generosity, purity and goodwill should come to the fore in the appreciation of human beauty. Maybe it’s in vain that we so stubbornly strive to achieve some illusory ideal. Maybe it's time to accept ourselves as we are!?

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

Higher professional education

"Omsk State Technical University"

Nefteyugansk branch

Department of Economics and Management

ESSAY

On the topic "The Ideal of Human Beauty"

By discipline "Culturology"

Completed:

Part-time student

1st year group ZMN-114-NYU

Spirikhina Veronika Vitalievna

• The true beauty of a person does not depend on his appearance
• Beautiful is the one who does moral deeds
• The most important thing in a person is sometimes impossible to see with the eyes
• External beauty is not always a reflection of wealth spiritual world personalities
• It happens that people who seem attractive outwardly commit absolutely immoral acts
• A person with a truly beautiful soul creates a special, incomparable atmosphere with his presence

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". As a child, Natasha Rostova, one of the heroines of the great epic novel, was not beautiful. The attention paid to her is impossible without inner beauty: both in childhood and in adulthood, she was distinguished by her love of life, spontaneity, and pure soul. Another heroine you should pay attention to is Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. In appearance, she was clearly inferior to beauties; only her eyes were beautiful. But people who are capable of feeling real beauty appreciated her inner qualities. Marya Bolkonskaya and Natasha Rostova can be contrasted with Helen Kuragin: society admired her beauty. But this beauty is only external. In fact, Helen Kuragina is a stupid, callous, selfish, calculating, selfish person. The heroine's external charm does not compensate for her immoral behavior.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's Dvor". Matryona has a completely ordinary appearance. The only part of her appearance that attracts attention is her beautiful smile. But what is important to us is not external beauty, but internal beauty. It is not for nothing that the author writes that only those who are at peace with their own conscience have a good face. Matryona is a person from whom comes inner light, spiritual warmth. This is much more important than external attractiveness.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Svidrigailov, a rather rich and well-groomed man, is in fact not distinguished by good spiritual qualities: he is ready to do any meanness for the sake of his own whim. Physical beauty and ugly inner world do not fit together in any way: at first, in this tyrant and rapist you can see a wonderful person. The image of Sonya Marmeladova is the opposite. Due to malnutrition, poverty appearance The girls suffer greatly: pale, thin, frightened, wears terrible clothes. But the inner world of Sonya Marmeladova is beautiful, despite her lifestyle and appearance.

O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray.” In this work, the problem of internal and external beauty is the main one. At the beginning of the work, we see in Dorian Gray a timid, bashful and incredibly handsome young man. Beauty is his source of power: no matter what the hero does, his appearance does not change. All changes affect only the portrait of the young man, painted by Basil Hallward. Gradually, Dorian Gray turns into an inhuman, immoral monster who has committed many nasty things, including even the murder of an artist. He is still as handsome as he was many years ago, only the portrait depicts the state of his soul. Dorian Gray wants to put an end to the terrible image of himself and dies by stabbing a dagger into the portrait. External beauty turned out to be destructive for him.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". Wise thoughts The Little Prince They can teach even an adult a lot. Our hero said: “Only the heart is vigilant. You can’t see the most important thing with your eyes.” And we can say without a doubt that he is right. True beauty is inside a person, in his soul, in his right actions.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". In the work we do not see a description of Pyotr Grinev. It doesn't matter at all whether he is beautiful in appearance. All the beauty of this person is expressed in his moral qualities and noble deeds. Pyotr Grinev is a man of honor who did not allow himself to betray his homeland or leave his beloved girl in danger. His actions are beautiful, which means he himself is beautiful.

M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man.” The fact that it is impossible to judge a person by appearance is proven by the image of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. He was summoned to the German Muller when he was in captivity. Exhausted from work, hungry, Andrei Sokolov could not be beautiful in appearance at that moment. All his beauty was manifested in his moral actions: Sokolov refused to drink German weapons for the victory, and to spite the enemy he did not take a bite, despite hunger and lack of strength. By these actions one can judge that a person has a beautiful soul.

(according to new criteria) (1) My father and the police chief were amazed that we had to spend the night in Selivan’s house...What could be the reason for a person’s rejection by society? Is it possible to change how other people treat you? Exactly makes you think about these questions N.S.Leskov...

(1) All my life I heard the word “soul” and pronounced this word myself, not at all understanding what it meant...What is the human soul? What treasures does she keep? It is impossible to accurately answer these questions, because each person has a unique soul, filled with both amazing advantages and unpleasant shortcomings. It is the problem of spirituality, ambiguity human soul and M. Prishvin raises in his text...

(according to new criteria)
(1) With eyes full of tears, Ivan looked into the snow below him: the end of his fairy tale was approaching...How does a person’s love for nature manifest itself? Why do people perceive the world around them differently? Exactly over the problems oh the relationship of man to nature makes you think in your own wayby the way L. Leonov.

(according to new criteria) (1) Once upon a time, starlings flew to me during my October, autumn, stormy watch...What is true love for one's country? What is associated with the feeling of homeland for a Russian person? It is the problem of the feeling of homeland that V. Konetsky raises in his text.

(according to new criteria) (1) Man was created to last for centuries, judging by the enormous, incomparable waste of energy. (2) A lion, having killed an antelope, rests for a day in a well-fed sleep... What is the meaning of human life? Why is man given a huge supply of energy? Right above the problem the meaning of human life makes you think in its text B. Vasiliev...

7. (according to new criteria)
(1) Someone comes into the hallway, undresses for a long time and coughs... (2) A minute later, a young man of pleasant appearance comes in to see me. (3) For a year now, we have been in a strained relationship: he answers me disgustingly in exams, and I give him unities. What does it mean to be a responsible person? It is the problem of a responsible attitude to life that A.P. Chekhov addresses in his text.

If you go out to the pier, you will meet, despite the bright sun, a sharp wind and you will see the distant winter peaks of the Alps, silver, terrible. ...What does it mean to be kind person? It is the problem of a humane, compassionate attitude towards people that I. A. Bunin addresses in his text.

We are going to Boldino. The architect-restorer Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky is with us, and we drove along the old Smolensk road to his native place.....It is precisely the problem of preserving monuments that V.A. addresses in his text. Chivilikhin.

I stood at the window of the carriage, aimlessly looking at the landscape running past, at the stops and small stations, plank houses with names in black and white, which I did not always have time to read, and why. Why do children see the world around them differently? How does an adult’s perception of the world differ from a child’s? It is these questions that D.A. Granin suggests thinking about in his text.

(1) In a letter to his wife on May 18, 1836, Pushkin wondered: where did these sensible young people come from, “who are spit in the eyes, and they wipe themselves off” instead of defending their honor?Honor and dignity... What do they mean in our time? Are today's young people ready to defend them? It is these problematic issues preserving honor and dignity is asked by D. Shevarov in his text...

1. Why does a person feel love for his homeland forever? It is the problem of homesickness that he addresses in his text. V. Astafiev...

2. “The music grabbed you by the throat, but did not squeeze out tears, did not sprout pity.” In the proposed text V. Astafiev makes us think about the problem of the impact of art on humans...

What role does it play? true art in a person's life? Whichcan have an impactmusic per person? Exactly the problem the impact of music on the human soulraises in his text V.P.Astafiev...

1. Nature... how amazing and unique it is. But not everyone is able to feel its magical power. And in the text S. Lvov raises a complex problem of the relationship between man and nature...

2 . Does man need nature? like this philosophical problem relationship between man and nature S. Lvov raises in his text...

(1) Once upon a time, about a dozen or two years ago, the following image came to my mind: The Earth is our tiny house, flying in an immensely large space...What value does human culture have in people's minds? It is precisely this problem of recognition of values cultural heritage humanity D. Likhachev raises in his text...

(1) With the release of Mark Geyser’s book about Marshak in the “Life of Remarkable People” series, the general reader’s idea of ​​the famous poet should change. (2) And not only among the masses.People live in almost every corner of our planet. They are similar to each other in some ways, different in some ways. But how correctly can you understand a person when meeting him and in the process of communicating with him? It was the problem of biased attitude towards the individual that he touched on in his text S. Sivokon... How does S.Ya. Marshak’s selfless devotion to his work manifest itself? It is the problem of devotion to creativity that S. Sivokon addresses in his text...

(1) It was one of those autumn days when debilitating melancholy crushes the heart, when dank dampness penetrates the soul and there, like in a cellar, it becomes dark and cold.I. Novikov In his text he touches on the problem of perceiving life as a source of joy...

Essay with updated commentary (taking into account new requirements)

What makes a person happy? It is the problem of perceiving life as a source of joy that I. Novikov addresses in his text...

(1) What a mirror of life our language is! (2) No, he is truly great, remaining free and truthful to this day.The Russian language is the national language of the Russian people. For any person living in the vast expanses of our homeland, language is the pride of a great people; it “accepts everything, responds to everything, like Pushkin’s echo.” The text is dedicated to the problem of ecology of the Russian language. T. Zharova...

(1) For Russia classical literature- this is a starting point, an ideological and moral foundation that unites society and cements the connection between generations more firmly than legal norms and historical traditions.Is classical literature important in the life of an adult? This is exactly the question we are asking you to think about. P. Weil and A. Genis, raising the problem of the importance of books in a person’s life...

(1) External human beauty embodies our ideas about the ideal of beauty. (2) External beauty is not only the anthropological perfection of all elements of the body, not only health... What is true beauty? How is external beauty related to a person’s inner spirituality? V.A. Sukhomlinsky makes you think about these questions in his text, revealing the problem of the perception of beauty...

(1)Once I was on a train. (2) A modestly dressed, reserved woman sitting next to me at the window opened a volume of Chekhov.What is happiness? How can it be achieved? It is precisely the problem of understanding happiness that S.L. Soloveichik suggests thinking about in his text.

Books... How many unique, breathtaking stories they keep on their pages! Book - the whole world, in which she is glad to see every guest. Sometimes a small, nondescript volume turns the reader’s consciousness upside down and changes his worldview. It is the problem of the role of books in human life that E. A. Evtushenko thinks about in his text.

Sections: Russian language

Lesson objectives.

Educational:

• generalize and expand the idea of ​​reasoning as a type of speech;
• systematize knowledge about the journalistic style of the text;
• teach how to select material on a moral and ethical topic.

Educational:

• continue to work on developing the ability to construct a text of reasoning;
• continue to work on developing the ability to find linguistic signs of journalistic style in the text;
• continue to work on developing the ability to select material on moral and ethical topics.

Educational:

• to instill in students a sense of beauty;
• develop students' creative abilities, emotions, cognitive abilities - speech, thinking, attention, imagination, perception.

Equipment: reproductions of paintings, a multimedia projector, a disc with a recording of the musical work by A. Vivaldi “The Seasons”, handouts with a fragment of the work by V. A. Sukhomlinsky “Letters to my son”.

Lesson plan:

I. Opening remarks.

II. Introduction of the aesthetic category “beauty” based on works of fine art.

III. Explanation of the concept of “beauty”. Appeal to folk wisdom and a piece of music.

IV. The embodiment of beauty in words. Analysis of the text (V. A. Sukhomlinsky “Letters to my son”).

V. Repetition of information about the composition of an essay-reasoning.

VI. Determining essay topics.

Lesson progress

I. Teacher: Good afternoon, guys! Today we have a lesson in preparing for an essay-reasoning on a moral and ethical topic.

II. Look at reproductions of paintings: “Venus” by Botticelli, “La Gioconda” by L. da Vinci, “Portrait of Karamzin” by Kiprensky, various children’s portraits, landscapes, images of architectural monuments.

What emotions do these paintings evoke in you?

Student: A feeling of beauty. Beauty generates positive emotions and provides aesthetic pleasure.

Teacher: Why does all people enjoy looking at masterpieces of world art?

Student: They carry “eternal” values: Kindness, Beauty, Love. They reflect the centuries-old experience of human genius.

III. Teacher: How do you understand the word “beauty”?

Student: Everything beautiful, beautiful, everything that gives aesthetic and moral pleasure. (Ozhegov S.I. “ Dictionary Russian language").

Teacher: This is what folk wisdom says about beauty: (The teacher uses a multimedia projector to demonstrate examples of proverbs)

A beautiful word is silver, and a good deed is gold.

Spring is red with flowers, autumn with sheaves.

A bird is beautiful in its singing, and a man is beautiful in his ability.

Speech is beautiful as a proverb.

Beauty without intelligence is empty.

What examples of proverbs can you give?

Which of the following proverbs seems to you the initial one necessary for understanding the others?

Student: Beauty without intelligence is empty.

Teacher: Why do you think so?

Student: Only a thinking person is able to appreciate true beauty.

Teacher: What types of art do you know that embody beauty?

Student: Painting, music, sculpture, architecture, cinema.

Teacher: Let's turn to musical works. Listen to a fragment of A. Vivaldi’s work “The Seasons”, and then write down a number of associations that arose during this listening. (You can offer an excerpt from the composition “Summer” from this cycle)

Student: Wind, gustyness, wall of rain, cold streams, rage, power, storm, thunderstorm.

Teacher: Music is a phenomenal phenomenon. Her relationship with people is amazing. Melodious sounds work wonders - the soul awakens and transforms in a person, states and moods change...

IV. We saw how beauty is embodied in painting and music. Let us turn to his verbal image, vividly presented in a letter from Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky to his son.

(Handout)

From the time a man became a man, from the moment when he gazed at the beauty of the evening dawn, he began to gaze into himself. Beauty is deeply human. This is the joy of our life. Man became Man because he saw the depth of the azure sky, the twinkling of stars, the pink spill of the evening dawn, the crimson sunset before a windy day, the fluttering haze over the horizon, the endless distance of the steppes, blue shadows in the snowdrifts of March snow, a flock of cranes in the blue sky, the reflection of the sun in myriad drops of morning dew, gray threads of rain on a cloudy autumn day, a purple cloud on a lilac bush, a delicate stem and blue bell of a snowdrop - I saw and, amazed, walked along the earth, creating new beauty. Stop in amazement at beauty - and nobility will bloom in your heart.

External human beauty embodies our ideas about the ideal of beauty. External beauty is not only the anthropological perfection of all elements of the body, not only health. This is inner spirituality - a rich world of thoughts and feelings, moral dignity, respect for people and for oneself.

The unity of internal and external beauty is an aesthetic expression of a person’s moral dignity. A person’s beauty manifests itself most clearly when he is engaged in a favorite activity, which by its nature emphasizes something good in him, characteristic of his personality.

Spiritual emptiness makes a person’s appearance faceless. Nothing is more disfiguring than servility: a person becomes not himself, he seems to strive to get out of his own skin.

The ideal of human beauty is at the same time an ideal of morality. The unity of physical, moral, aesthetic perfection is the harmony that is talked about so much.

You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty. The beauty of the people living next to you depends on you.

Read the text out loud.

Who is this message addressed to?

Student: Son.

Teacher: Is it only him? Think about it.

Disciple: This is a spiritual testament to all humanity.

Teacher: Give examples from the text to support your thoughts.

Disciple: “Stop in amazement before beauty - and nobility will bloom in your heart.” “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty.”

Teacher: How does V. A. Sukhomlinsky define this immutable highest human value?

Student: “Beauty is deeply human. This is the joy of our life.”

Student: “The unity of internal and external beauty is an aesthetic expression of a person’s moral dignity.” “The unity of physical, moral, aesthetic perfection is the harmony that is talked about so much.”

Student: An ideally developed personality is one who is harmonious, beautiful externally and internally.

Teacher: But often it is external beauty that attracts attention first of all, because people are greeted by their clothes. Especially in our time, when the cult of external beauty and eternal youth is actively promoted. However, centuries-old experience confirms the wise and fair words of V. A. Sukhomlinsky: “Spiritual emptiness makes a person’s appearance faceless.” Reflecting on spirituality, V. A. Sukhomlinsky sums up the following. Find out for yourself which one.

Student: “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty. The beauty of the people living next to you depends on you.”

V. Teacher: The structural element of what type of speech is the summary-conclusion?

Student: Reasoning.

Teacher: Remember the composition of the argument and identify it in the text.

Student: As thesis The text contains the sentence: “Beauty is deeply human.” Evidence are statements about the unity of external and internal beauty, as necessary components of a harmoniously developed personality. Conclusion is given at the end of the fragment: “The unity of physical, moral, aesthetic perfection - this is the harmony that is talked about so much.”

Teacher: In which text style is reasoning most often used?

Student: In journalistic and scientific.

Teacher: What style does this text belong to? What linguistic features of this style can you find in the text?

Student: In the text there are often sentences whose function is to influence the consciousness of readers: “Stop in amazement at beauty - and nobility will bloom in your heart.” “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty. The beauty of the people living next to you depends on you.”

The narration is distinguished by its special emotionality, manifested in the use of various visual means: “azure sky”, “gray threads of rain”, “blue bell of a snowdrop”, “nobility will bloom”. The text also contains examples of a terminological nature: “anthropological perfection”, “moral dignity”, “aesthetic perfection”.

VI. Teacher: At home, write an essay on one of the suggested topics:

1. Will beauty save the world?
2. Eternal beauty and modern beauty.
3. “You are the creator of your own spiritual beauty.”

Literature

1. Lizinsky V. M. Ethical and cultural sermons for every week // Class teacher. – 2006. - No. 5. – pp. 82-97
2. Lizinsky V. M. Ethical and cultural sermons for every week (end) // Class teacher. – 2006. - No. 6. – pp. 105-116
3. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 1995
4. Sukhomlinsky V. A. Letters to his son. (Letter No. 22) – M., 1987. – P. 79-83

What is beauty? What could it be like? When talking about human beauty, first of all we mean the external data of a person. So what makes a person beautiful? This is exactly what Sukhomlinsky considers in his text.

The author draws the reader’s attention to the fact that a person’s inner world leaves a mark on his appearance. Thus, he cites as an example a discus thrower, whom Myron captured at the moment when the tension of a person’s internal spiritual forces is in harmony with the tension of his physical strength.

But Sukhomlinsky also draws attention to the fact that beauty is created by worries, worries - what is usually called the “pangs of creativity.”

Let us remember the heroine of Leo Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” Natasha Rostova. The author deliberately shows Natasha’s external ugliness, but none of those around her could call her ugly: everyone was delighted with the young person, her pure and bright soul. Speaking about this novel, one cannot help but correlate the image of Natasha with the image of Helen Kuragina. In this case, behind her beautiful appearance hides a petty, greedy and selfish nature, this is evidenced by her numerous betrayals and lies, which cannot be justified by anything. Her external beauty only spoiled her; Helen could not hide her meager inner world behind her.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion that a person’s appearance plays an important role in his destiny, but the most important thing will still be the soul. It is spiritual beauty that puts an imprint on a person’s appearance, on his actions and behavior.

Updated: 2018-02-14

Attention!
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and click Ctrl+Enter.
By doing so, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.

Thank you for your attention.

Useful material on the topic

• The real beauty of a person according to the text by V. A. Sukhomlinsky “Our ideas are embodied in external human beauty...”