Separately under certain conditions. NOT with nouns, adjectives and adverbs starting with -O (-E) Not wide but fast river

■Stalin Prize laureate,

Candidate of Technical Sciences N. F. CHERNIGIN

Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka

Rice. S. VETSRUMB

People look at the river and wait.

The water level is rising: a tidal current is coming from the sea. The shallow but fast river widens, floods sand spits and shallows.

In one or two places the water trembled and rippled. Under its surface, living, flowing silver flashed and flowed. Another minute, another, and splashes and splashes are visible almost throughout the entire river surface, as if the water is boiling. A massive, or, as the fishermen say, runic movement of fish from the sea to the mouth of the river began. Huge schools of sockeye salmon, chum salmon and pink salmon rush up the river to spawn.

Here in Kamchatka, the rune course does not last long - only 12-15 days. But these days feed the year, since the fishermen of the collective farm “Red Worker” manage to get up to 95/0 of the annual catch at this time.

The fishermen work quickly and efficiently. Here to the tone of brigade Gy 1, where the brigadier comrade. Velichinsky, they are pulling up a net filled with fish. It is necessary to load the fish from the net into large boats (kungas) and deliver hundreds of centners of the catch to a fish processing plant located on the seashore. Here, at the fish receiving area, the fish must be unloaded again, weighed and sent to a cannery, refrigerator or salting plant.

Until recently, all this was done manually.

Now the conditions for transporting the catch in brigade N2 1 of the “Red Worker” collective farm have changed radically. Soviet science came to the aid of fishermen. In Putin 1951, a new system of reception and transportation was applied to this brigade

catch, developed at the Kamchatka branch of the Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography.

Tony and the fish factory are connected by a pipeline. Powerful streams of water began to deliver fish through ten-inch pipes to a distance of 850 m. Directly from the cast net, the fish ends up at the plant’s fish receiving area. No overloads! There is no labor-intensive and time-consuming transportation of the catch by kungas.

This is how a fish hatchery works.

In the place where the cast net is usually pulled up, a wooden cage is placed (in the figure it is indicated by the number 1). The open end of the cage is directed against the current. This is done so that the current facilitates the passage of fish from the net cage (2) to the socket of the suction fish pipe (3).

The suction fish line is connected to the mixing chamber of the water-jet fish pump (6).

The fish pump ends with a closed diffuser (9). Air is periodically removed from it through the drain valve. The fact is that on the further path the fish is waiting for the second pump (11), which refuses to work if there is air in the mixture. The first pump delivers a mixture of water and fish to a height of only up to 3 m. The second one creates such a pressure that is sufficient to push the mixture through pipes over a kilometer distance and rise to a height of fish receiving area and bunkers of up to 10 meters or more.

After the mixture has passed through

pump (11), excess water must be removed from it, otherwise it will cause an increase in the speed of movement of the mixture through the fish line, which will affect the increase in the number of fish injuries. Therefore, a pipe is connected to the diffuser (13), through which excess water is discharged through the control valve (14). And the mixture containing up to 30% of fish (by weight) goes further along the main pipe (17) to the fish cannery or through the pipe (16) to the fish receiving area (18).

The normal speed of movement of the mixture through the metal pipes of the fish pipeline is 1.2-1.5 im per second.

At the fish receiving area of the fish processing plant, the mixture rises to a height of 4.9 m. This is the height of the area of the measuring bins and water separator combined. In the water separator (20), the fish is freed from water and rolls down an inclined grid into one of the measuring bins (19). With the help of a guide device - a “changeover” (21) - first one or the other bunker is filled with fish. While the first one receives fish, the second one is inspected and emptied by the receiver.

The capacity of each bunker is 55 c. The fish pump fills the hopper in less than 5 minutes.

Using a fish line, fishermen save up to 65°/o of crew time compared to the old method.

When the fish catch is very large and the fish processing plant cannot cope with its processing, live fish can be pumped through a fish pipeline into an indoor pool, from where it will then be taken for processing as needed.

1. Wooden cage. 2. Net cage. 3. Suction fish line. 4. Suction pipe. 5. Check valve. 6. Fish pump “NCH-3”. 7. Centrifugal pump that supplies a stream of water to the fish pump. 8 and 12. Motor. 9 and 13. Diffuser. 10. Corrugated hose. 11. Fish pump<сРБ-250». 14. Вентиль. 15. Труба. 16. Рыбопровод. 17. Рыбопровод к консервному заводу. 18. Рыбоприемная площадка. 19. Мерные бункеры. 20. Водоотделитель. 21. Перекидка. 22. Вспомогательные шланги. 23. Шланг отвода воды в реку.

2. Non-adjectives are written together with the particle, which in combination with this particle acquire the opposite meaning (usually such a word can be replaced with a synonym without not): not big (cf. small), not married (cf. single), not real (cf. false, feigned).

Note. It is not always possible to find such a synonym, but the affirmative connotation of meaning contained in the adjective serves as the basis for the continuous writing: Someone not from here sitting on a stone in the chapel(AND.); Gerwig had some unmasculine effeminacy (Hertz.); His youthful pranks... were determined childish thoughtfulness (Leon.); This is one of those millions " non-white citizens" of the Republic of South Africa who angrily condemned slavery.

3. Non-adjectives are written separately from the particle if there is or is implied opposition: the problem is not simple, but complex; relationship Not hostile; light not harsh; milk is not sour; the meat is not fresh; the look is not kind; the task is not urgent; Not many (implied: but a few) those present supported the speaker.

There is a distinction between the opposition expressed by the conjunction a and the opposition expressed by the conjunction but.

When using the conjunction a, one of the two opposite signs is denied, and the other is affirmed: the river is not deep, but shallow - separate writing of a negative particle.

When using the conjunction but, the concepts being connected are not opposed to each other, since they are completely compatible, i.e., two characteristics are simultaneously attributed to an object without negating one of them: the river is shallow, but cold - a continuous spelling of a negative particle.

4. As a rule, the particle is not written separately with relative adjectives, expressing the negation of the attribute they denote: the watch is not gold; honey not lime; the sky is here not southern.

5. The particle is not written separately and with qualitative adjectives that denote color and, in combination with non-words with the opposite meaning, do not form: the paint is not blue; the binding is not yellow; the shade is not grey.

In this case, the syntactic function of the adjective is taken into account. The rule usually applies to adjectives that act as a predicate, since the intended opposition gives the statement the character of a generally negative judgment expressed by the particle not, but may not apply to adjectives that perform the function of a definition. Wed: these people are not from here - to shine is not from here beauty; logics not female - the girl reasoned with unfeminine logic; the shape is not round - count for non-round the amount of 119 rubles(figurative meaning of the word).

Note. In some cases, a double interpretation of the text is possible and, as a result, double spelling:

this task is not difficult(claims “lightness”)

this task is not difficult("difficulty" is denied)

before us is unusual phenomenon (i.e. rare)

this is not a common occurrence before us(a contrast is imagined: the phenomenon is not ordinary, but exceptional).

6. The presence of explanatory words, as a rule, does not affect the continuous spelling of a particle not with adjectives (cf. spelling not with participles): an author unfamiliar to us; facts unknown to science; inappropriate under these conditions comment; inconspicuous at first glance error; words that are incomprehensible to the student; details unnecessary for the case; incorrect in many ways conclusions; a case unlike others; behavior that is unworthy a decent person; site unsuitable for construction; a lake invisible behind the forest (everywhere a negative sign is affirmed, and a positive one is not denied).

If the explanatory word is an adverb of measure and degree ( very, extremely, very, almost or adverbial expression to the highest degree etc.), then the particle not with the adjective is always written together: a very ugly act; extremely inappropriate attack; very unsuccessful performance; almost unfamiliar text; to the highest degree illegible handwriting.

7. When using an adverb as an explanatory word, it is entirely possible to write the particle together or separately not with adjectives, which is due to the different meanings in which the word at all is used. Compare: a completely unnecessary meeting (‘completely unnecessary, superfluous’) is not a random meeting at all (‘not at all random’). In some cases, two interpretations are possible and, as a result, two spellings are acceptable: very small achievements (‘small, modest’) - not at all great achievements (‘not at all big’).

The adverb itself can also be interpreted in two ways; cf.: The arguments given were not at all convincing (‘not at all’). — The authors of these works are less popular or completely unknown authors (‘absolutely, completely’ - in a colloquial style of speech).

8. Separate spelling of a particle not with an adjective that has explanatory words is found:

1) with adjectives that have different meanings in their full and short forms: an actor who is not ready to appear; not inclined a child with a cold;

2) if available as explanatory words far, not at all, not at all or negative pronouns and adverbs (beginning with neither): far from simple solution; not at all infertile search; not a new plot at all; unknown address; innocent people; an expression that is not at all understandable; not at all harmful drink; in ways unknown to anyone (cf.: in ways unknown to me). But: There's nothing in life impossible; There is nothing about what my neighbor is accused of. illegal - a negative pronoun does not depend on the adjective, but is itself explained by it;

3) when placing an adjective with dependent words after the defined noun (sometimes): enterprises not subordinate to the trust(when isolated, the construction with the adjective approaches the meaning of the participial phrase); compare: The chess player played unusual him style. - These are features not typical of our youth.

9. With short forms of adjectives, the particle is not written in basically the same way as with full forms:

1) together in the absence of opposition: the room is low; question incomprehensible; invalidtransaction in violation of the law; Bay shallow, but convenient for sailing on a motor boat;

2) separately in the presence of opposition: the novel is not interesting, but boring.

Wed. writing not with the short form of the adjective in the presence of various explanatory words: Searching for material on a selected topic are not difficult for him; Too insecure there were people in the future; He completely unknown with the latest advances in animal science; This river always restless; No control here no longer possible; They are not alike in any way at each other; This river never calm.

10. Depending on the meaning, a particle not with short forms of adjectives can be written either together or separately; compare: our family is not rich (‘poor’) - our family is not rich (‘average income’); this girl is ugly (a negative sign is affirmed) - this girl is not beautiful (a positive sign is denied); address unknown (denied “familiarity”); The only problem is the rain. - Not big it would seem that this distance is for stayers.

Remember: continuous writing is less common: unnecessary, wrong, disagree, incapable.

11. Non-short forms of adjectives that are not used in full form or have a different meaning in full: not ready to leave; should not do this; does not intend to remain silent; not obliged to help; not happy to meet; not inclined to believe; not in the mood for conversation, etc.

12. Double spelling is also found in combinations of particles not with the comparative form of adjectives; compare:

This screensaver is uglier than that one (‘uglier’)

This screensaver is no more beautiful than that one. (‘has no greater beauty’).

That night the patient's dream was more restless than last time (‘was even more restless’).

That night the patient's dream was no calmer than last time (‘was no calmer’).

Particle not with shapes bigger, smaller, better, worse written separately: with no less success; with not the best chances.

Remember: not lower, not higher, not better, not worse, not closer, not poorer etc.

13. The spelling of particles differs not with verbal adjectives and participles in -my.

Adjectives in -my are usually formed from intransitive verbs ( independent, waterproof, fireproof etc.) or from perfective verbs ( incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible etc.). These words (including short forms) are subject to general rules not written with adjectives, i.e. they are written together and with explanatory words: an island uninhabited for a long time; water-insoluble crystals; figures of people indistinguishable in the dark, and also: the island is uninhabited; the disease is incurable; these countries are economically independent.

However, the rule for separately writing a particle not with adjectives remains in force if the explanatory words are constructions with the negation of neither, in particular pronouns and adverbs starting with nor, or the words far, at all or not at all: incomparable impression; not dependent on anyone countries; not at all solublecrystals; this is a phenomenon cannot be eliminated either from life or from art.

The exception is words that are not used without: invincible by anyonearmy; for no one incomprehensible happening; under no circumstances a unique experiment.

14. It should be remembered that words in -my, formed from imperfective transitive verbs, can be either passive participles of the present tense (the particle not with them is written separately) or adjectives (the particle not with them is written together).

They are participles if a instrumental word is used as an explanatory word. actor, less often - creative tools: not loved by the mother child; movement, not inhibited by air.

If there are other explanatory words, we are dealing with adjectives on -my (they lose their passive meaning and acquire a qualitative meaning): unloved games in childhood (the word unloved indicates a constant feature and means approximately the same as unpleasant, unwanted); reserves not visited by hunters; unreadable non-specialists magazines; side of the Moon invisible from Earth; number indivisible by three; unforgettable meetings for us; indescribable in simple words feelings; impassable mud in spring; intolerant behavior in society.

Adjectives of this type include:

invisible

irresponsible

non-flammable

unquenchable

real

indivisible

unforgettable

invisible

immutable

unsociable

unthinkable

non-taxable

inalienable

untranslatable

indescribable

unknowable

unverifiable

indeclinable

unconjugated

intolerant, etc.

15. The particle is written separately not with adjectives in an interrogative sentence, if the negation is logically emphasized: Not clear is this situation without any evidence?; To whom unknown the names of our astronauts?

But if the negation is not emphasized, then the particle not with adjectives is written together: Is this the position unclear ?; Is this a statement? incorrect? (replacement possible: Is this statement wrong?).

Parts of speech	conditions for separate writing	Examples	Notes
Nouns. Adjectives. Adverbs starting with -o.	1. Opposition 2. Intensifying particles: not at all.., far from.., not at all.. 3. Pronouns or adverbs with NI or Nor as part of a conjunction	The river is not deep, but shallow. The film is not interesting at all. It's not interesting to anyone. The topic is not interesting either for you or for me.	1. Don't be confused contrast and comparison. * Shallow but fast river. (Although small, but fast). 2. Short adjectives are NOT written in the same way as full adjectives. * the hill is not high, the road is not wide, but narrow, the song is not new.
Participles	1. Short form 2. Dependent words 3. Contrast. 4. Reinforcing particles	The suit is not sewn. An answer not thought out by the student. Not a collapsed, but a preserved building. An unread book at all.	Adverbs of measure and degree do not affect spelling. A completely ill-conceived answer. BUT! A completely unthought-out answer by the student.

Conclusion. Words are written together if there are no conditions for separate writing. For such words you can choose a synonym without NOT or an adverb of measure and degree. *not true (false), too low (low).

Table No. 2-10

NOT – NEI in pronouns and adverbs

particle discrimination Not And neither

particle location	NOT	NI
Before the predicate	In a simple (=main) sentence	Always * There was no rain. He couldn't help but know Where did he turn!	_______
In the subordinate clause	1) there was no action * When I don’t go to see him, he gets worried. (Am I coming in?=>no => Not) 2) with the conjunction "yet" * He wrote until it became completely dark.	the action was * Whenever I go to see him, he is always busy(Am I coming in? =>yes => neither)
With other members of the proposal	if the predicate is affirmative (without not) * So that he remembers not for an hour, not for a year, I will give you, my friend, a comb.	if the predicate is negative (with not) * There was not a soul on the street.
With homogeneous members in unions.	not only O, but also Oh not that Oh, not that ABOUT * He is known not only here, but also abroad.	neither Oh, neither ABOUT, neither ABOUT No houses or trees are visible in the fog.
With particles	not at all... not at all... far from... isn't it... almost... isn't it... * Almost all my friends responded to this request.	________
With phraseological units		Out of nowhere... Out of nowhere... At all costs... As if nothing had happened...
At steady speed	No one like the mud * His teacher was none other than the artist Surikov	Nothing else... * Nothing else caught his attention.

Table No. 2-11

Difficult words

General rules for writing difficult words

Together are written

1. Compound contractions With fishing of all types *university, chief physician, dead.

2. Words formed using connecting vowel, which we choose.

· If the base is a hard consonant => O * forest-steppe.

· If on soft, hissing and “ts” => E *earthquake

· If the 1st part of the verb => AND * daredevil BUT! tumbleweed.

· 1st part numeral in Gen. n. => * five-day anniversary, fortieth anniversary

!! centipede, one-day, ninety-hour, millennium, quarter-finals.

3. Words formed merger* time calculation, pastime, chronicle, achene, crazy, insane, look-out, nitrogen-containing.

4. Words with roots floor-

Compound nouns

What elements does a word consist of?

Together

Hyphenated

the composition contains truncated bases 1. air, auto, bicycle, hydro, meteo, micro, motorcycle, cinema, radio, stereo, electric, board.. * airbase, stereo system, hydromassage, aerial photography; Botrmechanik!! television and radio journalists. 2. ..meter, ..graph, ..grad voltmeter, topographer, Volgograd

contains two independent words 1. general + special name * the carriage is a restaurant, the house is a museum. 2. position, rank, profession, party affiliation. vice-governor, ex-champion, physicist - nuclear scientist, liberal - democrat. 3.technical terms with vacuum, diesel, press, stop block, alpha, beta, gamma vacuum pump, diesel engine, compact disc, press center, stop valve, alpha radiation, block system (BUT! checkpoint). 4. units of measurement *gram - molecule, kilowatt - hour BUT! workday 5. cardinal directions * southwest, northeast 6. plant names * leek, mother-and-stepmother 7. geographical names *Rostov - on - Don 8. synonyms, antonyms, evaluative words * sadness-longing, buying and selling, miracle tree

DO NOT confuse!

Complex words and words with foreign prefixes (anti-, archi-, inter-, counter-, counter-, super-, trans-, ultra-, sub-, extra-.feld-) *subtropics, extremely important.

Compare : counterattack - rear - admiral.

Compound adjectives

What is the word derived from?

DO NOT confuse!

Adjectives and phrases adverb + adj., which are written separately (indicate the degree of the attribute, define the attribute by assimilation) * impeccably polite, socially useful (for society), comradely sensitive (like a comrade).

Table No. 2-12

Spelling adverbs

hyphen	seamlessly	separately
1. in - + -him, -ski, -ki, -i * in my opinion, in a friendly way, in a bearish way 2. in-, in- + -s, -their firstly, thirdly. !! in Latin, on-mountain.* 3. something; -this, -either, -something * somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere 4. formed by repetition of adverbs * barely, a long time ago, unexpectedly, little by little, at the very least, willy-nilly, criss-cross, exactly Don't be confused Adverbs and nouns in TV. P. Compare: everything will be our way(How?) walked our way(by what?)	1. Adverbs that include obsolete forms. plenty, to pieces, locked up, by surprise, to the ground 2. Adverbs formed from all parts speech, except nouns from adverbs the next day, for free !! at random, with a bang, not at all. from numerals with B-, NA- * in two, in two. !! two by two from short adjectives * tightly, in vain, slowly from adjectives and pronouns in Vin.p. totally, to the fullest!! in the open, in retreat* 3. Adverbs formed from nouns with the meaning of place and time * far, deep, at the beginning. Don't be confused Adverbs and nouns that have dependent words. looked into the distance - looked into the distance of the sea put it on top - put it on top of the cabinet* read from the beginning - read from the beginning of the novel	1. Adverbs formed from nouns with a preposition, retaining case forms * abroad (abroad), by force (within force); point to point, matter of fact, face to face. Adverbs formed from other nouns with prepositions without restraining, tirelessly, indiscriminately; until I fill up, until I die, until I drop; running, galloping, on the go; to match, to match. remember! in general - in general* alone - alone

Vowels at the end of adverbs

From-, to-, from- + a* long ago, dry, left= / from the window /

In-, on-, for- + o *left, left= /out the window/

Table No. 2-13

Functional parts of speech

Particles

Prepositions

Unions

1 . Compound conjunctions are written separately.

The particle is not written separately. It is not written together 1. There is an opposition in the sentence: Not truthful, but deceitful. * Designs of “imaginary opposition”: The costume is inexpensive, but beautiful. 1. The word is not used without non-: sloppy. 2. Adjectives include the words far, by no means, at all, at all (the latter only in the meaning of “average value”) and all explanatory words with nil- (not at all, not at all): not at all interesting book; not at all old (middle age). 2. An adjective with cannot be replaced by a synonym without non- or an expression similar in meaning: Untruthful (truthful). 3. With the simultaneous denial of two one-dimensional characteristics (mutually exclusive concepts): This person is not tall, but not short either. 3. In the presence of words denoting the degree of quality (very, very, extremely, completely, completely in the meaning of “very”): very unkind; Not a pretty dress at all. 4. With possessive, relative adjectives: not a leather jacket. 4. With a comparative degree of adjective, formed from an adjective with the prefix un-: The mountain has become more inaccessible. 5. With adjectives meaning color and taste: The sky is not blue, the berries are not sweet. 6. With short adjectives with a connotation of obligation (not used in full form in the same lexical meaning): not needed, not happy, not right, not ready, does not agree, not obliged, should not, does not intend, does not have power, is not capable , not free, not scary, not guilty, not visible. 7. With a comparative degree of an adjective without not: The bag is no heavier than a backpack.

1. Not famous writer. 2. A completely unknown writer. 3. Not a famous writer at all. 4. Far from being a famous writer. 5. Not a famous one, but a young writer. 6. An unknown writer. 7. He is neither tall nor short. 8. He is short. 9. He is not tall at all. 10. He is not tall, but short. 11. He is short, but charming.

(Not) present day (Not) stupid view (Not) incredible treasures Very (not) large clearing Spoke (not) loudly, but clearly The river (not) deep, but fast (Not) big book, but interesting (Not) wide, but a beautiful river Still (un)ripe apple (Un)truthful answer (Not)married (Not)cheerful (Not)healthy (Not)rich (Not)beautiful (Not)light (Not)tasty (Not)understandable became more incomprehensible The mountain became (not) more accessible

Rainy day A ridiculous view Countless treasures A very small clearing He spoke quietly, but distinctly A shallow but fast river A small book, but an interesting one A narrow but beautiful river A still unripe apple An untruthful (lying) answer Unmarried (single) Not happy (sad) Unhealthy (sick) Not rich (poor) Ugly (ugly) Not easy Tasteless (disgusting) The incomprehensible has become more incomprehensible; the mountain has become more inaccessible (with a comparative adjective degree, formed from an adjective with the prefix non-) Key

Not at all (not) a light burden Quite (not) cheerful mood (Not) Moscow drama (m, mm) aturge Not at all (not) stupid (Not) queens on departure Far (not) joyful Not at all (not) friendly Not at all (not) kind ( Not a stone structure (Not) deep, but a shallow river. (Un)yellow raincoat? The river is (not) deep, but also (not) shallow. He was (not) handsome and (not) ugly, (not) tall and (not) short. (Not) high mountains separate us, but low hills. The (not) right one is punished, but the guilty one.

Not a light burden at all Not a cheerful mood Not a Moscow playwright (relative) Not stupid at all Not a Tsaritsyn's departure (possessive) Far from joyful Not at all friendly Not at all kind Not a stone structure (relative) Not a deep, but a shallow river. Not a yellow raincoat (color) The river is not deep, but not shallow either. He was neither handsome nor ugly, neither tall nor short. It is not high mountains that separate us, but low hills. It is not the right who is punished, but the guilty. Key

Now in front of us were (not) high, impenetrable mountains, but (not) large hills with (in) straight (in) nondescript vegetation. (Not) deep, but a fish pond. (Not) expensive, but beautiful scarf. Far from being a nice act. (Not) wide, but narrow towards Nava. (Not) tall shrub. The pie turned out to be very (un)tasty. Very (un)interesting. The deal was very (un)profitable. The view was (not) messy. The day turned out to be (not) hot. The river was (not) deep, and the fish house was ugly. A very (un)pleasant incident A very (un)interesting game was invented. He spoke in a completely (in)understandable language, (In)discreet behavior, Face (not)evil, but indifferent. A (not) large but bright cloud.

Now in front of us were not high, inaccessible (not used without non-) mountains, but small hills with inconspicuous, nondescript vegetation. Shallow but fishy pond. Inexpensive but beautiful scarf. Not a nice thing to do. Not a wide, but a narrow ditch. Low shrub. The pie turned out to be very tasteless (unleavened, raw). Very uninteresting (boring). The deal is very unprofitable (unprofitable). The look is sloppy (not used without non-). The day turned out to be not hot (cool). The river was shallow and fishy. The house was not beautiful. A very unpleasant incident A completely (= very) uninteresting game was invented. He spoke in a completely incomprehensible language Unsightly behavior (not used without non-). The face is not evil (kind), but indifferent. A small but bright cloud. Key

Extremely (un)complicated. Really (not) careful (Not) glass vase (Not) clay idol (Not) mother's silhouette (Not) sour apple Composition (not) simple, but special Eyes (not) good, but evil. The sky is (not) blue today. A far (not) nice person. The task is (not) more difficult than the previous one. The fruits are (not) large, but sweet. An (un)known actor. Gave the (in)correct answer. The task is (not) more difficult than others. Not at all a difficult task. (Not) more expressive than others He agreed and was (not) happy The (not) tall boy had (not) black hair He was (not) young and (not) old

Extremely uncomplicated (simple). Extremely careless (reckless). Not a glass vase (relative). Not a clay image (relative). Not my mother's silhouette (possessive). Not a sour apple (quality with the meaning of taste). The composition is not simple, but special (opposite). The eyes are not good, but evil. The sky is not blue (color) today. Far from being a nice person. The task is no more difficult than the previous one (compare art.). The fruits are small but sweet. An unknown actor. Gave the wrong (erroneous) answer. The task is no more difficult than others (with a comparative adjective without not). Not a difficult task at all. Not more expressive than others (with a comparative adjective without not). I agreed and was not happy myself (a hint of obligation). The short boy's hair was not black (color). He is neither young nor old (simultaneous denial). Key

Test 1 option 2 option A. Not written separately 1. The house is (not) beautiful. 2. A very (un)pleasant incident 3. Not at all (not) stupid 1. Extremely (not) complex 2. Extremely (not) careful 3. (Not) stone structure B. Not written separatelyB. It is not written together 1. He is (not) young and not old 2. The river was (not) deep, but fishy 3. The face is (not) angry, but indifferent. 1. The task is (not) more difficult than others 2. (Not) sour apple 3. The path is (not) easy V. It’s not written smoothly 1. I agreed and I’m (not) glad 2. The day turned out to be (not) hot 3. Not at all (not) amiable 1. A far (not) nice person. 2. Gave the (in)correct answer. 3. (Not) Moscow playwright G. Not written together. Not written separately 1. The mountain has become (in)accessible 2. An actor (un)known to anyone. 3. Far (not) joyful 1. The fruits are (not) large, but sweet. 2. The pie turned out to be very (not) tasty 3. Not at all (not) an easy burden D. Not written separately 1. The task is (not) more difficult than the previous one 2. He spoke (not) loudly, but clearly 3. A completely (un) famous writer. 1.Very (un)interesting 2.Not yet a ripe apple 3.Not at all a (un)famous writer. E. Not written together 1. Far (not) beautiful deed. 2. The deal is very (not) profitable 3. It is (not) high and (not) low. E. It is not written smoothly 1. He spoke a completely (in)understandable language 2. The river is (not) deep, but also (not) shallow. 3.An (un)known writer.

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Some exercises are (not) completed.

You can take upon yourself the organization of the showing of a picture that has not yet been (un)written, but is brilliantly conceived.

The dovecote is (not) painted.

Vyvolochnov was one of Tolstoy’s followers, in whose heads the thoughts of a genius who (did not) know peace became irreparably diminished.

The ice crust will crack, covering the (not) deep but wide swamp, and again it will be quiet.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here's the correct spelling:

Some exercises were not completed.

You can take upon yourself the organization of the display of a picture that has not yet been written, but is brilliantly conceived.

The dovecote is not painted.

Vyvolochnov was one of Tolstoy’s followers, in whose heads the thoughts of a genius who knew no peace were irreparably diminished.

The ice crust will crack, covering the shallow but wide swamp, and again it will be quiet.

Answer: SHALLOW.

Answer: shallow

Rule: Task 13. Combined and separate spelling of NOT and NI with in different parts speeches

Spelling NOT and NOR.

According to the specification, a task of this type checks:

− the ability to distinguish a NOT particle from a NI particle;

− ability to distinguish the prefix NOT from the prefix NI;

− the ability to write together or separately NOT with all parts of speech.

In this regard, we draw attention to the fact that the conditions of tasks, depending on its goals, may vary significantly. At the same time, we also note that in standard Unified State Examination tasks (authors Tsybulko I.P., Lvov, Egoraeva) only the ability to write together or separately NOT with different parts of speech is tested, but in tasks by other authors, including Senina, MMIO (StatGrad) There are also tasks to choose between NOT and NOR. The editors of RESHUEGE also consider it necessary to expand the types of this task within the specifications of the current year.

We also draw your attention to the fact that a number of rules by which spelling is checked are not taught in the school course. Such rules are marked with *.

12.1 Combined and separate spelling of particles NOT and NI.

The particle is not written separately:

1) If there is or is implied a contrast with names, adverbs and participles. It is necessary to distinguish between direct opposition, in which one of the two features, called adjectives, is denied, and the second is affirmed, and opposition with a concessive shade of meaning, in which both features, called adjectives, are attributed to the subject, i.e. there is opposition, but without negation . Wed: The lake is not deep, but shallow (the attribute “deep” is denied and the attribute “shallow” is affirmed). - The lake is shallow, but wide (both attributes are affirmed: “both shallow and wide”; “although shallow, but wide”) .	1) This is not happiness, but grief. The river is not shallow (deep). You are not my friend. They walked not quickly, but slowly. Not a silent, but a growing rumble.
2) With adjectives, adverbs starting with -o and participles, words starting with -my, if the opposition is implied and the negation is strengthened by the words: a) not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all; b) negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, nothing, nothing, etc.* For convenience of explanation, we call them negatives and amplifiers.	a) This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband; b) The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He is not at all more beautiful than his sister;
3) *With short adjectives that are not used in full form.	3) not happy, should not, is not right, not visible, does not intend, is not disposed, is not ready, is not obliged, is not needed, does not agree.
4) With full participles in the presence of dependent words (except for words of degree intensifiers, see the list) or opposition (as a general rule)	4) Fields of rye that had not yet been harvested could be seen. Not a laughing, but a crying child.
4) *With verbal adjectives formed from imperfective transitive verbs using the suffixes -em-, -im- only if there is a dependent word in the instrumental case.	4) The subject I didn’t like was to be taken this year. This case requires further clarification. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling not with words in -my, formed from transitive imperfective verbs: such words can be either passive participles of the present tense or adjectives (in the first case, the spelling with is not separate, in the second - continuous). They are participles if the instrumental case of the actor, or less often the instrumental case of the instrument (the so-called instrumental) is used as an explanatory word; in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the meaning of passiveness and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Compare: a child not loved by the mother - unloved games in childhood (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); movement not inhibited by air - the side of the Moon invisible from Earth. Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, invisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxable, unalienable, untranslatable, untransferable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant and etc. Wed. their writing in the presence of explanatory words: a number indivisible by three, unforgettable meetings for us, through tears invisible to the world, records unthinkable in the recent past, feelings inexpressible in simple words, accounts unverifiable for a long time, dirt impassable in the spring, indeclinable nouns in the Russian language , intolerant behavior in our society, etc.
5) With verbs, gerunds, short participles, with numerals, conjunctions, particles, prepositions:	5) was not, could not, without recognizing, not ordered, not removed, not one, not five, not that... not that, not only, not above us.
6) *With adverbs and words of the state category a) to a comparative extent b) in the role of a predicate impersonal predicate	6) moved no louder, spoke no faster I don't need it, she doesn't need it
7) in negative pronouns with a preposition with stress	7) not with anyone, not in anything, not about anyone
7) in negative pronouns with a preposition without stress	7) with no one, in nothing, about anyone

12.2 Continuous spelling of NOT and NOR.

The particle is not written together:

1) If the word without NOT is not used.	A) Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, problems, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, unchrist; b) adjectives and adverbs formed from them: careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchanging, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, never-ending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, unfortunate, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly; V) verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unable to, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb; G) adverbs and other unchangeable words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really, reluctantly; despite, despite (prepositions)
2) *NOT part of the prefix NEDO, which gives verbs the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to some norm.” The same rules also apply to participles formed from verbs with the prefix NEDO. The prefix UNDER- is often antonymous with the prefix OVER-: under-salt - over-salt, under-full - over-full, under-full - over-fill, under-over-transfer.	2) The child really missed the care of his parents. During the war, children were UNDERFOODED and LACKED OF SLEEP. Rozhdestvensky believed too much in his own abilities, considering himself a genius, but underestimated the abilities of his opponent.
3) With nouns, adjectives, adverbs ending in -o, -e, when a new word, a new concept is formed, often with a negative quality.	3) misfortune (trouble), not easy (difficult), not easy, ugly, not far (close), nearby
4) In combination with adjectives and adverbs, words denoting the degree of quality: very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (pretty much), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, extremely* do not affect continuous or separate writing, therefore it is NOT written together. For convenience of explanation, we call them strengths and degrees.	4) A very unpleasant incident. A completely uninteresting game was invented. He spoke rather incomprehensibly.
5) With full participles in the absence of dependent words or *when dependent words are intensifiers	5) We walked along the unlit streets of the town. I made a completely rash decision.
6) *In verbal adjectives formed from intransitive verbs or transitive verbs of the perfect form using the suffixes -em-, -im-. These are not participles, since participles with the suffixes -em, -they should only be of the imperfect form, they are the present tense.	6) unfading, inexhaustible, irreconcilable, insurmountable, indomitable, inexhaustible, indestructible.
7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, depending on the stress, E or I, but together.	7) nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nowhere-nowhere, nowhere-from-nowhere, no-no-nothing, no-time-never.

12.3. The particles NOT and NI differ in meaning:

For the right choice particles NOT and NOR, their semantic differences should be taken into account. Let's display them in tables.

Main uses of negative particles

The particle is NOT used	NI particle is used
1) to express negation: There were no letters or telegrams. Brother doesn't look like a liar. It’s not the moon or the stars that interest me, but only meteorites.	1) to strengthen the negation expressed by the particle NOT There were no letters or telegrams. The brother does not look like a deceiver or a joker. I'm not interested in the stars or the moon.
2) to express a statement with a connotation of obligation (double negative): He couldn't help but call. We couldn't help but notice.	2) to express quantitative negation: There's not a cloud in the sky. Not a drop of dew in my mouth.
3) to express impossibility in impersonal sentences: You won't be able to catch up with the crazy threesome! There will be no war or fire!	3) for emotional expression of prohibition, order, obligation: Not a step back! Not a sound! Not a day without a line!
4) when expressing uncertainty, fear or admiration: Aren't you my guest? No matter how cold the frost hits! Why not a hero!	4) to express uncertainty: He is neither old nor young, neither fat nor thin (cf.: He is either old or young). In phraseological units: Neither this nor that, neither fish nor fowl.
5) in interrogative and exclamatory sentences when expressing an underlined statement: Who didn't curse stationmasters who didn't quarrel with them! (A. Pushkin) Isn't it true that we have become wiser? With your condition, how can you not get married? (L. Tolstoy)	5) in subordinate clauses with a generalized intensifying meaning (with allied words: whoever.., whatever.., wherever.., etc.). Whatever the child enjoys, as long as he doesn’t cry. Whenever you ask him, he won’t mince his words.

The particle is NOT used

NI particle is used

1) to express negation:

There were no letters or telegrams.

Brother doesn't look like a liar.

It’s not the moon or the stars that interest me, but only meteorites.

1) to strengthen the negation expressed by the particle NOT

There were no letters or telegrams.

The brother does not look like a deceiver or a joker.

I'm not interested in the stars or the moon.

2) to express a statement with a connotation of obligation (double negative):

He couldn't help but call.

We couldn't help but notice.

2) to express quantitative negation:

There's not a cloud in the sky.

Not a drop of dew in my mouth.

3) to express impossibility in impersonal sentences:

You won't be able to catch up with the crazy threesome!

There will be no war or fire!

3) for emotional expression of prohibition, order, obligation:

Not a step back!

Not a sound! Not a day without a line!

4) when expressing uncertainty, fear or admiration:

Aren't you my guest?

No matter how cold the frost hits!

Why not a hero!

4) to express uncertainty:

He is neither old nor young, neither fat nor thin (cf.: He is either old or young).

In phraseological units: Neither this nor that, neither fish nor fowl.

5) in interrogative and exclamatory sentences when expressing an underlined statement:

Who didn't curse stationmasters who didn't quarrel with them!

(A. Pushkin)

Isn't it true that we have become wiser?

With your condition, how can you not get married? (L. Tolstoy)

5) in subordinate clauses with a generalized intensifying meaning (with allied words: whoever.., whatever.., wherever.., etc.).

Whatever the child enjoys, as long as he doesn’t cry.

Whenever you ask him, he won’t mince his words.

Complex cases of distinguishing between NEI and NOT

1.In subordinate clauses. Compare:

Does NOT express negation:

When my brother didn't come, everyone felt bored.

There are no wars where soldiers do not die.

NI expresses the statement with a touch of generality:

Whenever my brother came, he always brought excitement and joy.

Wherever soldiers die, they should be remembered and honored.

2. In revolutions not one and none; not once and not once. Compare:

Does not express negation:

Not one of us (that is, many) was ready for the ascent.

More than once (i.e. many times) I had to meet a wild beast.

Neither expresses increased negation:

Neither of us (that is, no one) was up to the climb.

Not once (that is, never) have I encountered a wild animal.

3. In pronominal phrases. Compare:

Expressive phrases with NOT contain the meaning of hidden opposition and are used in affirmative sentences (cf.: no one else, but..)

None other than a woodpecker was knocking dully in the forest.

Before us was nothing more than an ancient cave.

These phrases are used in negative sentences and serve to strengthen the negation: no one... not; nothing... not:

No one else could have led us to the right path.

Nothing else but music captivated me so much.

Remember!

Compound amplification turns with particle ni:

at all costs, no matter what, wherever, wherever, as if nothing had happened, etc.

Spelling varies Not with verbal adjectives -my and with participles -my; if there are explanatory words, the first ones are written together (like denominate adjectives), the second ones are written separately, for example:

A) uninhabited since ancient times the island insoluble crystals in water, indistinguishable figures of people in the dark;

b) reserves not visited by hunters, unreadable non-specialist magazines, not my favorite mother child.

To adjectives on -my include words formed from intransitive verbs (for example: independent, waterproof, fireproof) or from perfective verbs (for example: incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible). These words are subject to general spelling rules. Not with adjectives, i.e. they are written together and with explanatory words (see examples above), as well as in a short form (for example: island uninhabited, disease incurable, these countries are economically independent). However, the rule of separate spelling of adjectives with Not, if explanatory words are pronouns and adverbs starting with neither, or combinations far from, not at all, not at all(see above, paragraph 6, note 1. subparagraph 2), for example: with nothing incomparable the impression is that countries are not dependent on anyone, by no means insoluble crystals; This is a phenomenon neither from life nor from art irreparable. The exception is words that, without Not not used, for example: by no one invincible army, for no one incomprehensible case, under no circumstances unique experiment.

Note.

It is necessary to distinguish between spelling Not with words on -my, formed from imperfective transitive verbs: such words can be either passive present participles or adjectives (in the first case, written with Not separate, in the second - merged). They are participles if the instrumental case of the actor, or less often the instrumental case of the instrument (the so-called instrumental) is used as an explanatory word; in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the meaning of passiveness and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Wed: not my favorite mother child - unloved in childhood, games (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); movement, uninhibited by air - invisible from the Earth side of the Moon.

Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, unvisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxed, unalienable, untranslatable, untransferable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant, etc. Cf. their writing with explanatory words: indivisible by three number, unforgettable for us to meet, through invisible tears to the world, unthinkable in the recent past records, indescribable in simple words of feeling, unverifiable accounts from a long time ago, impassable mud in the spring, unyielding in Russian nouns, intolerant behavior in our society, etc.