Historical line in the novel The Master and Margarita. Plot and compositional features of the novel M

Essay by Bulgakov M.A. - The Master and Margarita

Topic: - Plot and compositional originality of Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”

The novel's narrative is directed to the future, the content is both psychologically and philosophically reliable, the problems raised in the novel are eternal. The main idea of ​​the novel is the struggle between good and evil, inseparable and eternal concepts.

The composition of the novel is as original as genre - novel in the novel. One is about the fate of the Master, the other is about Pontius Pilate. On the one hand, they are opposed to each other, on the other, they seem to form a single whole. This novel within a novel brings together global problems and contradictions. The master is concerned about the same problems as Pontius Pilate. At the end of the novel, you can see how Moscow connects with Yershalaim, that is, one novel is combined with another and turns into one storyline.

Reading the work, we find ourselves in two dimensions at once: the 30s of the 20th century and the 30s of the 1st century AD. We see that the events took place in the same month and on several days before Easter, only with an interval of 1900 years, which proves the deep connection between the Moscow and Yershalaim chapters. The action of the novel, which are separated by almost two thousand years, are in harmony with each other, and they are connected by the fight against evil, the search for truth, and creativity. And yet the main character of the novel is love. Love is what captivates the reader. In general, the theme of love is the writer’s favorite. According to the author, all the happiness that a person has in life comes from their love. Love elevates a person above the world and comprehends the spiritual. This is the feeling of The Master and Margarita. That is why the author included these names in the title. Margarita completely surrenders to love, and for the sake of saving the Master, she sells her soul to the devil, taking on a huge sin. But still, the author makes her the most positive heroine of the novel and himself takes her side.

Using the example of Margarita, Bulgakov showed that each person must make his own personal choice, without asking for help from higher powers, not expecting favors from life, a person must make his own destiny.

There are three storylines in the novel: philosophical - Yeshua and Pontius Pilate, love - The Master and Margarita, mystical and satirical - Woland, his entire retinue and Muscovites. These lines are closely related to each other by the image of Woland. He feels free in both biblical and modern writer time.

The plot of the novel is the scene on the Patriarch's Ponds, where Berlioz and Ivan Bezdomny argue with a stranger about the existence of God. To Woland’s question about “who controls human life and all order on earth in general,” if there is no God, Ivan Bezdomny replies: “Man himself controls.” The author reveals the relativity of human knowledge and at the same time affirms man's responsibility for his destiny. The author tells what is true in the biblical chapters, which are the center of the novel.

Move modern life lies in the Master's story about Pontius Pilate.

Another feature of this work is that it is autobiographical. In the image of the Master we recognize Bulgakov himself, and in the image of Margarita - his beloved woman, his wife Elena Sergeevna. This is probably why we perceive heroes real personalities. We sympathize with them, worry, put ourselves in their place. The reader seems to move along the artistic ladder of the work, improving along with the characters.

The storylines are completed by connecting at one point in Eternity.

This unique composition of the novel makes it interesting for the reader, and most importantly, an immortal work.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita,” to which the writer devoted 12 years of his life, is rightfully considered a real pearl of world literature. The work became the pinnacle of Bulgakov's creativity, in which he touched upon the eternal themes of good and evil, love and betrayal, faith and unbelief, life and death. In The Master and Margarita, the most complete analysis is needed, since the novel is particularly deep and complex. A detailed plan for analyzing the work “The Master and Margarita” will allow 11th grade students to better prepare for a literature lesson.

Brief Analysis

Year of writing– 1928-1940

History of creation– The source of inspiration for the writer was Goethe’s tragedy “Faust”. The original recordings were destroyed by Bulkagov himself, but were later restored. They served as the basis for writing a novel, which Mikhail Afanasyevich worked on for 12 years.

Subject – Central theme The novel is a confrontation between good and evil.

Composition– The composition of “The Master and Margarita” is very complex - it is a double novel or a novel within a novel, in which the storylines of the Master and Pontius Pilate run parallel to each other.

Genre- Novel.

Direction– Realism.

History of creation

The writer first thought about a future novel in the mid-20s. The impetus for its writing was the brilliant work of the German poet Goethe “Faust”.

It is known that the first sketches for the novel were made in 1928, but neither the Master nor Margarita appeared in them. Central characters in the original version there were Jesus and Woland. There were also many variations of the title of the work, and they all revolved around the mystical hero: “Black Magician”, “Prince of Darkness”, “Engineer’s Hoof”, “Woland’s Tour”. Only shortly before his death, after numerous edits and meticulous criticism, Bulgakov renamed his novel “The Master and Margarita.”

In 1930, extremely dissatisfied with what was written, Mikhail Afanasyevich burned 160 pages of the manuscript. But two years later, having miraculously found the surviving sheets, the writer restored his literary work and began work again. Interestingly, the original version of the novel was restored and published 60 years later. In the novel called "The Great Chancellor" there was neither Margarita nor the Master, and the gospel chapters were reduced to one - "The Gospel of Judas."

Bulgakov worked on a work that became the crown of all his work, right up to last days life. He endlessly made amendments, reworked chapters, added new characters, and adjusted their personalities.

In 1940, the writer became seriously ill and was forced to dictate the lines of the novel to his faithful wife Elena. After Bulgakov’s death, she tried to publish the novel, but the work was first published only in 1966.

Subject

"The Master and Margarita" is complex and incredibly multifaceted literary work, in which the author presented to the reader many different topics: love, religion, the sinful nature of man, betrayal. But, in fact, they are all just parts of a complex mosaic, a skillful frame main topic - the eternal confrontation between good and evil. Moreover, each theme is tied to its characters and intertwined with other characters in the novel.

Central theme The novel, of course, is the theme of the all-consuming, all-forgiving love of the Master and Margarita, which is able to survive all difficulties and trials. By introducing these characters, Bulgakov incredibly enriched his work, giving it a completely different, more earthly and understandable meaning to the reader.

No less important in the novel is problem of choice, which is especially colorfully shown in the example of the relationship between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua. According to the author, the most terrible vice is cowardice, which caused the death of an innocent preacher and lifelong punishment for Pilate.

In “The Master and Margarita” the writer clearly and convincingly shows problems of human vices, which do not depend on religion or social status or time period. Throughout the novel, the main characters have to deal with moral issues, choose one path or another for yourself.

The main idea The work is a harmonious interaction between the forces of good and evil. The struggle between them is as old as the world, and will continue as long as people live. Good cannot exist without evil, just as the existence of evil is impossible without good. The idea of ​​the eternal confrontation between these forces permeates the entire work of the writer, who sees the main task of man in choosing the right path.

Composition

The composition of the novel is complex and original. Essentially this is novel within a novel: one of them tells about Pontius Pilate, the second - about the writer. At first it seems that there is nothing in common between them, but as the novel progresses, the relationship between the two storylines becomes obvious.

At the end of the work, Moscow and the ancient city of Yershalaim are connected, and events take place simultaneously in two dimensions. Moreover, they take place in the same month, a few days before Easter, but only in one “novel” - in the 30s of the twentieth century, and in the second - in the 30s of the new era.

Philosophical line in the novel it is represented by Pilate and Yeshua, love - by the Master and Margarita. However, the work has a separate storyline , filled to the brim with mysticism and satire. Its main characters are Muscovites and Woland’s retinue, represented by incredibly bright and charismatic characters.

At the end of the novel, the storylines are connected at a common point for all - Eternity. Such a unique composition of the work constantly keeps the reader in suspense, causing genuine interest in the plot.

Main characters

Genre

The genre of “The Master and Margarita” is very difficult to define - this work is so multifaceted. Most often it is defined as a fantastic, philosophical and satirical novel. However, one can easily find in it signs of other literary genres: realism is intertwined with fantasy, mysticism is adjacent to philosophy. Such an unusual literary alloy makes Bulgakov’s work truly unique, which has no analogues in domestic or foreign literature.

Work test

Rating analysis

Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 3721.

The novel “The Master and Margarita” closely intertwines themes of history and religion, creativity and everyday life. But the most important place in the novel is occupied by the love story of the master and Margarita. This storyline adds tenderness and poignancy to the work. Without the theme of love, the image of the master would not be possible to fully reveal. The unusual genre of the work - a novel within a novel - allows the author to simultaneously distinguish and combine the biblical and lyrical lines, developing them fully in two parallel worlds.

Fatal meeting

The love between the master and Margarita flared up as soon as they saw each other. “Love jumped out between us, like a killer jumps out of the ground... and struck us both at once!” - this is what the master tells Ivan Bezdomny in the hospital, where he ends up after the critics rejected his novel. He compares the surging feelings to lightning or a sharp knife: “That’s how lightning strikes! This is how amazing a Finnish knife is!”

The master first saw his future beloved on a deserted street. She caught his attention because she was "carrying disgusting, disturbing yellow flowers."

These mimosas became a signal to the master that his muse was in front of him, with loneliness and fire in his eyes.

Both the master and the unhappy wife of a rich but unloved husband, Margarita, were completely alone in this world before their strange meeting. As it turns out, the writer was previously married, but he doesn’t even remember his name ex-wife, about which she doesn’t keep any memories or warmth in her soul. And he remembers everything about Margarita, the tone of her voice, the way she spoke when she came, and what she did in his basement room.

After their first meeting, Margarita began to come to her lover every day. She helped him work on the novel, and she herself lived from this work. For the first time in her life, her inner fire and inspiration found their purpose and application, just as the masters listened and understood for the first time, because from the first meeting they spoke as if they had parted yesterday.

Completing the master's novel became a test for them. But the already born love was destined to pass this and many other tests in order to show the reader that a real kinship of souls exists.

The Master and Margarita

The true love of the master and Margarita in the novel is the embodiment of the image of love in Bulgakov’s understanding. Margarita is not just a beloved and loving woman, she is a muse, she is the inspiration of the author and his own pain, materialized in the image of Margarita the witch, who in righteous anger destroys the apartment of an unjust critic.

The heroine loves the master with all her heart, and seems to breathe life into his small apartment. She gives her inner strength and energy to her lover’s novel: “she chanted and loudly repeated certain phrases... and said that this novel was her life.”

The refusal to publish the novel, and later the devastating criticism of the unknown passage that ended up in print, equally painfully wounds both the master and Margarita. But, if the writer is broken by this blow, then Margarita is overcome by insane rage, she even threatens to “poison Latunsky.” But the love of these lonely souls continues to live its own life.

Test of love

In the novel “The Master and Margarita,” love is stronger than death, stronger than the master’s disappointment and Margarita’s anger, stronger than Woland’s tricks and the condemnation of others.

This love is destined to pass through the flames of creativity and the cold ice of critics, it is so strong that it cannot find peace even in heaven.

The characters are very different, the master is calm, thoughtful, he has a soft character and a weak, vulnerable heart. Margarita, on the other hand, is strong and sharp; more than once Bulgakov uses the word “flame” to describe her. Fire burns in her eyes and brave, strong heart. She shares this fire with the master, she breathes this flame into the novel, and even the yellow flowers in her hands resemble lights against the backdrop of a black coat and slushy spring. The master embodies reflection, thought, while Margarita embodies action. She is ready to do anything for the sake of her beloved, and sell her soul, and become the queen of the devil's ball.

The strength of the feelings of the master and Margarita is not only in love. They are so close spiritually that they simply cannot exist separately. Before their meeting, they did not experience happiness; after parting, they would never have learned to live separately from each other. That is why, probably, Bulgakov decides to end the lives of his heroes, in return giving them eternal peace and solitude.

Conclusions

Against the background of the biblical story of Pontius Pilate, the love story of the master and Margarita seems even more lyrical and poignant. This is the love for which Margarita is ready to give her soul, since she is empty without her loved one. Being insanely lonely before they met, the characters gain understanding, support, sincerity and warmth. This feeling is stronger than all the obstacles and bitterness that befalls the fate of the main characters of the novel. And it is precisely this that helps them find eternal freedom and eternal peace.

Descriptions of love experiences and the history of relationships between the main characters of the novel can be used by 11th grade students when writing an essay on the topic “The Love of the Master and Margarita”

Work test

From that very night, Margarita did not see for a long time the one for whom she wanted to leave her husband, abandoning everything; the one for whom I was not afraid to die own life. But neither in her nor in him did the enormous feeling that arose at the first chance meeting disappear. The master, being in a clinic for the mentally ill, did not want to tell Margarita about himself, fearing to hurt her and ruin her life. She was desperately trying to find him. Their lives were destroyed by the same unnatural order, which not only did not allow art to develop, but also did not allow people to live in peace, rudely penetrating even where there was no place for politics. It was not by chance that Bulgakov chose a similar plot for the novel.

He himself experienced a lot in life. He was familiar with mediocre, insulting reviews from critics in newspapers, where his name was undeservedly denounced; he himself could not find a job or realize his potential.

But Bulgakov did not end his novel with the separation of the Master and Margarita. In its second part, love finds a way out of the dirt of the surrounding reality. But this solution was fantastic, since a real one was hardly possible. Without regret and without fear, Margarita agrees to be the queen at Satan's ball. She took this step only for the sake of the Master, whom she never stopped thinking about and whose fate she could only learn about by fulfilling Woland’s conditions. Being a witch, Margarita took revenge on the critic Latunsky, who did a lot to destroy the Master. And it was not only Latunsky who received what he deserved during the development of the novel’s plot. For her service, Margarita received what she had dreamed of for so long. The main characters were together. But it is unlikely that they would have been able to live peacefully in the atmosphere of reality at that time. Obviously, therefore, according to the writer’s fantastic plan, they leave this world, finding peace in another.

The master could not win. By making him a winner, Bulgakov would have violated the laws of artistic truth, betraying his sense of realism. But the final pages of the book do not reek of pessimism. Let us not forget those views that were pleasing to the government. In addition, among the Master's critics and writers there were envious people who tried by all means to prevent the recognition of the new author. These people, for whom it was most important to receive material benefits from their position in society, did not strive and could not create anything that stood at the high artistic level that the Master achieved in his novel. Their articles came out one after another, each time becoming more offensive. A writer who has lost hope and purpose of his life literary activity, began to feel gradually more and more depressed, which affected his mental state. Driven to despair, the Master destroyed his work, which was the main work of his life. All this deeply shocked Margarita, who admired the Master’s work and believed in his enormous talent.

The situation that knocked the Master out of his normal state was noticeable everywhere, in various areas of life. Suffice it to recall the barman “with second-fresh fish” and tens of gold in his hiding places; Nikanor Ivanovich, chairman of a housing association, who settled evil spirits in a house on Sadovaya Street for a lot of money; the Bengali entertainer, narrow-minded, narrow-minded and pompous; Arkady Apollonovich, chairman of the acoustic commission of Moscow theaters, who often secretly spent time with a pretty actress in secret from his wife; customs existing among the population of the city. These morals were clearly demonstrated at the performance, arranged by Woland, when residents greedily grabbed money flying from under the dome, and women went down to the stage to buy fashionable rags, which could be obtained for free from the hands of foreign magicians. The Master came very close to these morals when he made a friend, Aloysius Mogarych. This man, whom the Master trusted and whose intelligence he admired, wrote a denunciation against the Master in order to move into his apartment. This denunciation was enough to ruin a man’s life. At night some people came to the Master and took him away. Such cases were not uncommon at that time.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov repeatedly addressed the topic - the artist and society, which found its most profound embodiment in the writer's main book. The novel "The Master and Margarita", on which the author worked for twelve years, remained in his archive and was first published in 1966-1967 in the magazine "Moscow".

This book is characterized by a happy freedom of creativity and, at the same time, rigor of compositional and architectural design. Satan rules the great ball there, and the inspired Master, a contemporary of Bulgakov, writes his immortal novel. There, the procurator of Judea sends Christ to execution, and next to him, completely earthly citizens inhabiting Sadovye and Bronnaya streets of the 20-30s of our century fuss, behave inappropriately, adapt, and betray. Laughter and sadness, joy and pain are mixed together there, as in life, but in that high degree of concentration that is only accessible to a fairy tale or poem. “The Master and Margarita” is a lyrical and philosophical poem in prose about love and moral duty, about the inhumanity of evil, about true creativity, which is always an overcoming of inhumanity, always an impulse towards light and goodness.

The main characters of the novel - the Master and Margarita - live in an atmosphere of some kind of emptiness and grayness, from which both are looking for a way out. This outlet for the Master was creativity, and then for both of them it became love. This great feeling filled their lives with new meaning, created around the Master and Margarita only their small world, in which they found peace and happiness. However, their happiness was short-lived. It lasted only as long as the Master wrote his novel in a small basement, where Margarita came to him. The Master's first attempt to publish the completed novel brought him great disappointment. Even greater disappointment awaited him after some editor published long passage works. A novel about Pontius Pilate, which has moral and artistic value, was doomed to condemnation. He could not fit into that literary environment, where above all else it was not the writer’s talent, but his political views; on earth the Master had a disciple left, Ivan Ponyrev, the former Homeless; The Master still has a novel on earth that is destined to live a long life. Bulgakov’s novel gives rise to a feeling of the triumph of justice and the belief that there will always be people who stand above baseness, vulgarity and immorality, people who bring goodness and truth to our world. Such people place love above all else, which has enormous and beautiful power.

Bulgakov wrote brilliant novel"The Master and Margarita". This novel has been edited several times. The novel is divided into two parts: the biblical story and the love of the Master and Margarita. Bulgakov affirms the priority of simple human feelings over any social relationships in the novel itself. Mikhail Afanasyevich plays out in this work some of the main motives of his entire work.

The main characters of the novel The Master and Margarita are married people, but their family life was not very happy. Maybe that's why the heroes are looking for what they lack so much. Margarita in the novel has become a beautiful, generalized and poetic image of a Woman who Loves. Without this image, the novel would lose its appeal. This image rises above the layer of satirical everyday life of the novel, the embodiment of living, hot love. A fantastic image of a woman who so inspiredly turns into a witch, with the fury of her reprisal against the enemy of Master Latunsky, with her tender readiness for motherhood. A woman who has nothing to say to the devil: “Dear, dear Azazello!”, because he planted hope in her heart that she would see her lover.

In the novel, with the brightness of her natural love, she is contrasted with the Master. She herself compares fierce love with Matvey’s fierce devotion. Margarita's love, like life, is comprehensive and, like life, alive. Margarita is contrasted with the warrior and commander Pilate with her fearlessness. And defenseless and powerful in her humanity - to the omnipotent Woland.

The master is in many ways similar to Goethe's Faust and the author himself. He was first a historian, and then suddenly felt his calling as a writer. The master is indifferent to joys family life, he doesn’t even remember his wife’s name, and doesn’t strive to have children. When the Master was still married, he spent all his free time in the museum where he worked. He was lonely, and he liked it, but when he met Margarita, he realized that he had found a kindred spirit. There was a major mistake in the Master’s fate that is worth thinking about. He is deprived of light, true knowledge, the Master only guesses. This mistake is in refusing to complete the difficult task of writing, from the daily struggle for the light of knowledge, for truth and love, for your novel and the story of the courage of Margarita, who saved the desperate, exhausted Master. IN real life The master is a man of rare talent, virginal honesty and spiritual purity. The Master’s love for Margarita is in many ways unearthly, eternal love. It is in no way aimed at creating a family. In general, it should be noted that in the novel none of the characters are connected by other kinship or family ties. You could say that the image of the Master is a symbol of suffering, humanity, a seeker of truth in a vulgar world. The master wanted to write a novel about Pontius Pilate, but this work was not accepted by critics. He sold his soul to Woland to write his novel. Mental suffering broke the Master, and he never saw his work. The Master can find romance again and unite with his beloved only in the last refuge provided by Voland.

Why did love break out between these heroes? There must have been some incomprehensible light burning in the eyes of the Master, as well as in the eyes of Margarita, otherwise there is no way to explain the love that “jumped out” in front of them and struck both of them at once. One could have expected that since such love broke out, it would be passionate, stormy, burning both hearts to the ground. Neither the joyless dark days, when the Master's novel was crushed by critics and the lovers' lives stopped, nor the Master's serious illness, nor his sudden disappearance for many months, extinguished it. This love turned out to have a peaceful, domestic character. Margarita could not part with the Master for a minute, even when he was not there and, one had to think, would never be there again. She could only mentally beg him to release her. The witch truly wakes up in Margarita with the hope of seeing the Master again or at least hearing something about him, even at some incredible cost: “Oh, really, I would pledge my soul to the devil just to find out whether he is alive or not ! - she thinks. Having finally broken up with her husband, with whom she was connected only by a feeling of gratitude for all the good done for her, on the eve of her meeting with the Master, for the first time she experiences a feeling of complete freedom. The story of the Master and Margarita is the most important in the novel. When she is born, she, like a transparent stream, crosses the entire space of the novel from edge to edge, breaking through the rubble and abysses on her way and going into the other world, into eternity. Margarita and the Master became victims of temptation, so they did not deserve the light. Yeshua and Woland rewarded them eternal peace. They wanted to be free and happy, but in a world where everything was consumed by evil, this was impossible. In a world where a person's role and action are determined by his social status, after all, goodness, love, creativity exist, but they have to hide in the other world, seek protection from the devil himself - Woland. M.A. Bulgakov described the heroes full of life, joy, capable of taking extreme steps for the sake of love. By the strength of their love, they became one of the immortal heroes - Romeo and Juliet and others. The novel once again proves that love will conquer death, what exactly true love pushes people to different feats, even meaningless ones. The author penetrated into the world of human feelings and showed, so to speak, the ideals of real people. A person himself is free to choose between good and evil, and a person’s memory plays an important role: it does not allow black forces to take over a person. The tragedy of the Master and Margarita lies in the lack of understanding by the outside world. They challenged the whole world and heaven with their love.

The work of M. A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” is a complex, multi-layered novel. The novel is very unusual both in its content and in its composition. This is a novel within a novel: it has many lines that run parallel to each other and then intertwine at the end. Firstly, the line of Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri is clearly stated. This is a biblical line. Its chapters practically stand alone and read like an independent novel. They tell how the procurator Pontius Pilate sentenced Yeshua Ha-Nozri to crucifixion. Note: not Jesus Christ, but Yeshua Ha-Nozri, since in the novel he differs from the biblical concept of God the man. Here he is a fairly simple person, who perhaps has a slightly different idea about people, about human destiny. He says that “there are no evil people in the world.” For him, all people are kind. Because of the biblical line, the novel is sometimes called “The Gospel of Michael,” but I believe that this must be handled with extreme caution, since M. A. Bulgakov hardly set himself the goal of writing a new gospel.

At the beginning of the second chapter, the writer shows us Pontius Pilate as exalted, powerful, even great, but quite quickly there is a decline in the image, I would even say, his “fall”, landing; let us remember how disgusting the procurator is with the smell of rose oil. I believe that the writer makes this remark to show that even the greatest people are still ordinary people with their weaknesses. One very important idea emerges from the biblical part of the plot (which is repeatedly expressed by Yeshua Ha-Nozri): the greatest sin is cowardice. All misfortunes come from her. In the novel, Pontius Pilate had to confirm the verdict against another high-ranking official, and since he was afraid for his position and for himself, he signed the verdict, although he doubted Yeshua’s guilt. After this, he immediately began to reproach himself for cowardice and could not sleep, staring at the moon.

In the novel there is also the line of Ivan Bezdomny. As his pseudonym shows, Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev is a man who has not found moral stability in life. He is a poet and writes poetry for an art magazine whose editor-in-chief is Berlioz. For Ivan Bezdomny, the incident at the Patriarch's Ponds (meeting and conversation with Woland, the death of Berlioz and the pursuit of Woland, Koroviev and Behemoth) is a huge shock, because of which he ends up in the psychiatric hospital of Professor Stravinsky. There, in confinement and safety, he rethinks his life, his points of view, not without the help of the Master, who comes to him at night through the common balcony. At the end of the novel, Ivan “finds himself” and becomes a person who has found moral support in life.

The line of the Master and Margarita in the novel is, first of all, love line. The love of the Master and Margarita Nikolaevna is unusually strong. Margarita even leaves her husband, who loves her, to be with the Master. She agrees to become a witch and go to Woland's ball in exchange for fulfilling her desire to be with the Master. At the end of the novel they are together again - they fly away with Woland and his retinue. But they did not “deserve the light” because they both sinned: Margarita left her husband and sold her soul to the devil, and the Master refused to continue his novel about Jesus and burned it. He renounced his life goal and became cowardly. But the Master and his beloved deserved eternal peace.

Woland's line and his retinue. Here you can find all kinds of adventures and the funniest stories. But herein lies the important thoughts. During a performance organized by Woland and his entourage at the Variety Theater, Woland observes people and their reactions and comes to the conclusion that people have not changed. He says: “Well then. They are people like people. They love money, but this has always been the case... Humanity loves money, no matter what it is made of, whether leather, paper, bronze or gold. Well, they are frivolous... Well, well... And mercy sometimes knocks on their hearts... Ordinary people... In general, they resemble the old ones..."