The main motives and themes of Bunin's work. The main themes in the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin are eternal themes: nature, love, death

Bunin belongs to the last generation of writers from noble estate, which is closely related to the nature of the central zone of Russia. “Few people can know and love nature like Ivan Bunin can,” wrote Alexander Blok in 1907. No wonder the Pushkin Prize was awarded to Bunin in 1903 for his collection of poems “Falling Leaves,” glorifying Russian rural nature. In his poems, the poet connected the sadness of the Russian landscape with Russian life into one inseparable whole. “Against the background of a golden iconostasis, in the fire of falling leaves, gilded by sunset, stands an abandoned estate.” Autumn - the “quiet widow” - is in unusual harmony with empty estates and abandoned farmsteads. “The native silence torments me, the nests of my native desolation torment me.” Bunin’s stories, which are similar to poetry, are also imbued with this sad poetry of withering, dying, desolation. Here is the beginning of his famous story “Antonov Apples”: “I remember an early, fresh, quiet morning... I remember a large, all golden, dried up and thinning garden, I remember maple alleys, the subtle aroma of fallen leaves and the smell of Antonov apples, the smell of honey and autumn flowers.” freshness..." And this smell of Antonov apples accompanies him in all his wanderings and in the capitals of the world as a memory of his Motherland: "But in the evenings,” writes Bunin, “I read old poets, relatives to me in everyday life and in many of my moods, finally , simply by location - central Russia. And the drawers of my table are full of Antonov apples, and the healthy autumn aroma transports me to the village, to the landowners' estates."

Along with the degeneration of the noble nests, the village is also degenerating. In the story "The Village" he describes the courtyard of a rich peasant family and sees "darkness and dirt" - both in the physical, and in the mental, and in moral life". Bunin writes: "The old man is lying there, dying. He is still alive - and already in Sentsy the coffin has been prepared, pies are already being baked for the funeral. And suddenly the old man gets better. Where was the coffin to go? How to justify spending? Lukyan was then cursed for five years for them, lived with reproaches from the world, and starved to death." And here is how Bunin describes the level of political consciousness of the peasants:

Do you know why the court came?

Judge the deputy... They say he wanted to poison the river.

Deputy? Fool, is this really what deputies do?

And the plague knows them...

Bunin’s point of view on the people is polemically pointed against those lovers of the people who idealized the people and flattered them. The dying Russian village is framed by a dull Russian landscape: “White grain rushed askance, falling on a black, poor village, on bumpy, dirty roads, on horse manure, ice and water; the twilight fog hid endless fields, all this great desert with its snows, forests, villages and cities - the kingdom of hunger and death..."

The theme of death will receive varied coverage in Bunin’s work. This is both the death of Russia and the death of an individual. Death turns out to be not only the resolver of all contradictions, but also the source of absolute, purifying power (“Transfiguration”, “Mitya’s Love”).

Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” was understood more deeply by Alexander Tvardovsky: “In the face of love and death, according to Bunin, the social, class, and property lines that separate people are erased by themselves - everyone is equal before them.” Averky from “The Thin Grass” dies in the corner of his poor hut: a nameless gentleman from San Francisco dies having just gotten ready to have a good lunch in the restaurant of a first-class hotel on the warm sea coast. But death is equally terrible in its inevitability when this most famous of Bunin’s stories is interpreted only in the sense of exposure. capitalism and the symbolic harbinger of its death, then they seem to lose sight of the fact that for the author it is much more important to think about the susceptibility of a millionaire to a common end, about the insignificance and ephemeral nature of his power in the face of a mortal outcome that is the same for everyone.”

Death, as it were, allows one to see a person’s life in its true light. Before physical death, the gentleman from San Francisco suffered spiritual death.

“Until the age of 58, his life was devoted to accumulation. Having become a millionaire, he wants to get all the pleasures that money can buy: ... he thought of holding the carnival in Nice, in Monte Carlo, where at this time the most selective society flocks, where Some enthusiastically indulge in car and sailing races, others in roulette, others in what is commonly called flirting, and still others in shooting pigeons, which soar very beautifully from cages over the emerald lawn, against the backdrop of a sea the color of forget-me-nots, and immediately knock white lumps on earth...1 is not life, it is a form of life, devoid of internal content. The consumer society has eradicated from itself all the human capacity for Sympathy and condolences. The death of the gentleman from San Francisco is perceived with displeasure, because “the evening was irreparably ruined,” master. the hotel feels guilty, he gives his word that he will take “all measures in his power” to eliminate the trouble. Money decides everything: guests want to have fun for their money, the owner does not want to lose profit, this explains the disrespect for death, and therefore, moral decline of society, dehumanization in its extreme manifestation.

The deadness of bourgeois society is symbolized by “a thin and flexible pair of hired lovers: a sinfully modest girl with drooping eyelashes, with an innocent hairstyle, and a tall young man with black, as if glued-on hair, pale with powder, in the most elegant patent leather shoes, in narrow, long coattails, tailcoat - a handsome man, looking like a huge leech." And no one knew how tired this couple was of pretending to be in love. And what stands underneath them, at the bottom of the dark hold. No one thinks about the futility of life in the face of death.

Many works by I.A. Bunin and the entire cycle of stories are devoted to the theme of love." Dark alleys". “All the stories in this book are only about love, about its “dark” and most often very gloomy and cruel alleys,” Bunin wrote in one of his letters. Bunin himself considered this book the most perfect in craftsmanship. Bunin sang not platonic, but sensual love surrounded romantic aura. Love, in Bunin’s understanding, is contraindicated in everyday life, any duration, even in a desired marriage; it is an insight, a “sunstroke”, often leading to death. He describes love in all its states, where it barely dawns and will never come true ("Old Port"), and where it languishes unrecognized ("Ida"), and where it turns into passion ("The Killer"). Love captures all thoughts, all spiritual and physical potentials of a person - but this state cannot last long. So that love does not fizzle out, does not exhaust itself, it is necessary to part - and forever. If the heroes themselves do not do this, then rock, fate intervenes in their lives: one of the lovers dies. The story "Mitya's Love" ends with the hero's suicide. Death here is interpreted as the only possibility of liberation from love.

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Works by I.A. Bunin are filled with philosophical issues. The main issues that concerned the writer were questions of death and love, the essence of these phenomena, their influence on human life. In the pre-revolutionary decade, prose came to the fore in Ivan Bunin’s work, incorporating the lyricism organically inherent in the writer’s talent. This is the time for creating such masterpieces as stories “Brothers”, “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Chang’s Dreams”. Literary historians believe that these works are closely connected stylistically and ideologically, together making up a kind of artistic and philosophical trilogy.

The theme of death is explored most deeply by Bunin in his story “The Man from San Francisco” (1915). In addition, here the writer tries to answer other questions: what is a person’s happiness, what is his purpose on earth.

The main character of the story - a gentleman from San Francisco - is full of snobbery and complacency. All his life he strived for wealth, setting famous billionaires as an example for himself. Finally, it seems to him that the goal is close, it’s time to relax, live for his own pleasure - the hero goes on a cruise on the ship “Atlantis”.

He feels like the “master” of the situation, but that’s not the case. Bunin shows that money is a powerful force, but it is impossible to buy happiness, prosperity, life with it... The rich man dies during his brilliant journey, and it turns out that no one needs him anymore when he’s dead. He is transported back, forgotten and abandoned by everyone, in the hold of the ship.

How much servility and admiration this man saw during his life, the same amount of humiliation his mortal body experienced after death. Bunin shows how illusory the power of money is in this world. And the person who bets on them is pathetic. Having created idols for himself, he strives to achieve the same well-being. It seems that the goal has been achieved, he is at the top, for which he worked tirelessly for many years. What did you do that you left for your descendants? Nobody even remembered his name.

Bunin emphasizes that all people, regardless of their condition or financial situation, are equal before death. It is she who allows you to see the true essence of a person. Physical death is mysterious and mysterious, but spiritual death is even more terrible. The writer shows that such a death overtook the hero much earlier, when he devoted his life to accumulating money.

The story “Chang's Dreams” is a philosophical work of the turn of the century. It discusses such eternal themes like love and happiness, it speaks of the fragility of happiness built only on love, and the eternity of happiness based on fidelity and gratitude.

The writer considers love, beauty and the life of nature to be the only values that have survived in the modern world. But the love of Bunin’s heroes is also tragically colored and, as a rule, doomed (“Grammar of Love”). The theme of the union of love and death, imparting extreme sharpness and intensity to the feeling of love, is characteristic of Bunin’s work before recent years his writing life.

The problem of man and civilization in the story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco". Woe to you, Babylon, strong city! Apocalypse Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is a writer of subtle psychological characterization, who knows how to sculpt a character or environment in detail. With a simple plot, one is struck by the wealth of thoughts, images and symbolism that are inherent in the artist. In his narration, Bunin is unfussy and thorough. It seems that the entire world around him fits into his small work. This happens thanks to the wonderful and clear style of the writer, the details and details that he includes in his work. The story “Mr. from San Francisco” is no exception; in it the writer tries to answer the questions that interest him: what is a person’s happiness, his purpose on earth? With hidden irony and sarcasm, Bunin describes the main character - a gentleman from San Francisco, without even honoring him with a name (he didn’t deserve it). The gentleman himself is full of snobbery and complacency. All his life he strived for wealth, creating idols for himself, trying to achieve the same well-being as them. Finally, it seems to him that the set goal is close, it’s time to relax, live for his own pleasure, he is the “master” of the situation, but that’s not the case. Money is a powerful force, but it cannot buy happiness, prosperity, or life. When planning to travel to the Old World, a gentleman from San Francisco carefully plans a route; “The people to whom he belonged had the custom of beginning the enjoyment of life with a trip to Europe, India, Egypt. The route was developed by the gentleman from San Francisco and was extensive. In December and January he hoped to enjoy the sun in Southern Italy, the ancient monuments, the tarantella. He thought of holding the carnival in Nice, then Monte Carlo, Rome, Venice, Paris and even Japan.” It seems that everything has been taken into account and verified. But the weather lets us down. It is beyond the control of a mere mortal. For money you can try to ignore her inconveniences, but not always, and moving to Capri was a terrible ordeal. The fragile steamer could barely cope with the elements that befell it. The gentleman from San Francisco believed that everything around him was created only to please his person; he firmly believed in the power of the “golden calf.” “He was quite generous on the way and therefore fully believed in the care of all those who fed and watered him, served him from morning to evening, preventing his slightest desire, guarded his cleanliness and peace, carried his things, called porters for him, delivered his chests to hotels. It was like this everywhere, it was like this in sailing, it should have been like this in Naples.” Yes, the wealth of the American tourist, like a magic key, opened many doors, but not all. It could not prolong his life, it did not protect him even after death. How much servility and admiration this man saw during his life, the same amount of humiliation his mortal body experienced after death. Bunin shows how illusory the power of money is in this world. And the person who bets on them is pathetic. Having created idols for himself, he strives to achieve the same well-being. It seems that the goal has been achieved, he is at the top, for which he worked tirelessly for many years. What did you do that you left for your descendants? Nobody even remembered his name.

Philosophical issues works of Bunin, the last Russian and classic and, as Maxim Gorky called him, “the first master modern literature", covers a wide range of issues that remain relevant in our difficult, disharmonious times.

The disintegration of the peasant world

Changes in the everyday and moral life of peasants and the sad consequences of such metamorphoses are shown in the story “The Village”. The heroes of this work are the fist Tikhon and the poor self-taught poet Kuzma. The philosophical problematics of Bunin's works are expressed by the perception of two opposing images. The action takes place at the beginning of the century, when hungry and impoverished village life, under the influence of revolutionary ideas, revives for a while, but then again plunges into deep hibernation.

The writer was acutely concerned about the inability of the peasants to resist the devastation of their native villages, their fragmentation. Their main misfortune, he believed, was their lack of independence, which he admits main character works: “I don’t know how to think, I’m not scientific.” And this shortcoming, Ivan Bunin believed, was a consequence of long serfdom.

The fate of the Russian people

The philosophical problematics of Bunin's works resulted in bitter discussions about the fate of the Russian people. Coming from a noble family, he was always attracted psychological analysis a simple person. Origins national character, its positive and negative traits he searched in the history of the Russian people. For him there was no significant difference between a peasant and a landowner. And, although the nobles were the true bearers of high culture, the role of the peasants in the formation of the original Russian spiritual world the writer always gave credit where credit was due.

Love and loneliness

Ivan Bunin is an unsurpassed lyricist. Stories written in exile are almost poetic works. Love for this writer was not something lasting. It was always interrupted either by the will of one of the heroes, or under the influence of evil fate. But people experience separation and loneliness most acutely abroad. The philosophical issues of Bunin's works are also the feelings of a Russian person in exile. In the story “In Paris,” the author tells of a chance meeting of two lonely people in the distance. Both of them are far from Russia. At first, they are brought together by Russian speech and spiritual kinship. Acquaintance develops into love. And when main character suddenly dies, a woman, returning to an empty house, experiences a feeling of loss and spiritual emptiness, which she can hardly fill in a foreign country, far from her native land.

The topics that the classic of Russian literature touched upon in his works relate to issues that are relevant today. For the modern reader The philosophical problems of Bunin's works are close. An essay on a topic related to the work of this writer helps to develop inner world schoolchildren, teaches them to think independently and forms moral thinking.

The meaning of life

One of the troubles modern society is his immorality. It appears unnoticed, grows and at some point begins to give rise to terrifying consequences. Both individuals and society as a whole suffer from them. Therefore, in literature lessons, considerable attention is paid to such a topic as the philosophical problems of Bunin’s works. An essay based on the story “The Man from San Francisco” teaches children to understand the importance of spiritual values.

Material wealth today is given such great importance that modern children, at times, are not aware of the existence of other values. The philosophy of a faceless man who has been increasing his wealth for so long and persistently that he has forgotten how to see the world as it is, and as a result - a tragic and pitiful end. This is the main idea of the story about a rich gentleman from San Francisco. Artistic analysis This work allows teenagers to take a different look at the ideas that reign in the minds of many people today. People who pathologically strive for success and material prosperity and, unfortunately, often serve as an example for a fragile personality.

Reading works of Russian literature contributes to the formation of correct moral position. An essay on the topic “Philosophical problems of Bunin’s work “The Man from San Francisco”” helps to answer perhaps the most pressing questions.

The past century has given Russian culture a galaxy brilliant artists. Their work has become the property of world literature. The moral foundations of the works of these authors will never become morally obsolete. The philosophical problematics of the works of Bunin and Kuprin, Pasternak and Bulgakov, Astafiev and Solzhenitsyn are the property of Russian culture. Their books are intended not so much for entertaining reading as for the formation of a correct worldview and the destruction of false stereotypes. After all, no one spoke so accurately and truthfully about such important philosophical categories as love, loyalty and honesty, like the classics of great Russian literature.

The main themes in the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin are eternal themes: nature, love, death

Bunin belongs to the last generation of writers from a noble estate, which is closely connected with the nature of central Russia. “Few people can know and love nature like Ivan Bunin can,” wrote Alexander Blok in 1907. No wonder the Pushkin Prize was awarded to Bunin in 1903 for his collection of poems “Falling Leaves,” glorifying Russian rural nature. In his poems, the poet connected the sadness of the Russian landscape with Russian life into one inseparable whole. “Against the background of a golden iconostasis, in the fire of falling leaves, gilded by sunset, stands an abandoned estate.” Autumn - the “quiet widow” - is in unusual harmony with empty estates and abandoned farmsteads. “The native silence torments me, the nests of my native desolation torment me.” Bunin’s stories, which are similar to poetry, are also imbued with this sad poetry of withering, dying, desolation. Here is the beginning of his famous story “Antonov Apples”: “I remember an early, fresh, quiet morning... I remember a large, all golden, dried up and thinning garden, I remember maple alleys, the subtle aroma of fallen leaves and the smell of Antonov apples, the smell of honey and autumn flowers.” freshness..." And this smell of Antonov apples accompanies him in all his wanderings and in the capitals of the world as a memory of his Motherland: "But in the evenings,” writes Bunin, “I read old poets, relatives to me in everyday life and in many of my moods, finally , simply by location - central Russia. And the drawers of my table are full of Antonov apples, and the healthy autumn aroma transports me to the village, to the landowners' estates."

Along with the degeneration of the noble nests, the village is also degenerating. In the story "The Village" he describes the courtyard of a rich peasant family and sees "darkness and dirt" - both in physical, mental, and moral life." Bunin writes: "An old man lies there, dying. He is still alive - and already in Sentsy the coffin has been prepared, pies are already being baked for the funeral. And suddenly the old man gets better. Where was the coffin to go? How to justify spending? Lukyan was then cursed for five years for them, lived with reproaches from the world, and starved to death." And here is how Bunin describes the level of political consciousness of the peasants:

Do you know why the court came?

Judge the deputy... They say he wanted to poison the river.

Deputy? Fool, is this really what deputies do?

And the plague knows them...

Death, as it were, allows one to see a person’s life in its true light. Before physical death, the gentleman from San Francisco suffered spiritual death.

Many of I. A. Bunin’s works and the entire cycle of stories “Dark Alleys” are devoted to the theme of love. “All the stories in this book are only about love, about its “dark” and most often very gloomy and cruel alleys,” Bunin wrote in one of his letters. Bunin himself considered this book the most perfect in craftsmanship. Bunin sang not platonic, but sensual love, surrounded by a romantic aura. Love, in Bunin’s understanding, is contraindicated in everyday life, any duration, even in a desired marriage; it is an insight, a “sunstroke”, often leading to death. He describes love in all its states, where it barely dawns and will never come true ("Old Port"), and where it languishes unrecognized ("Ida"), and where it turns into passion ("The Killer"). Love captures all thoughts, all spiritual and physical potentials of a person - but this state cannot last long. So that love does not fizzle out, does not exhaust itself, it is necessary to part - and forever. If the heroes themselves do not do this, then rock, fate intervenes in their lives: one of the lovers dies. The story "Mitya's Love" ends with the hero's suicide. Death here is interpreted as the only possibility of liberation from love.

References

To prepare this work, materials were used from the site http://sochok.by.ru/

RESPONSE PLAN

1. A word about the writer’s work.

2. The main themes and ideas of I. A. Bunin’s prose:

a) the theme of the passing patriarchal past (“Antonov Apples”);

b) criticism of bourgeois reality (“Mr. from San Francisco”);

c) the system of symbols in I. A. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco”;

d) the theme of love and death (“Mr. from San Francisco”, “Transfiguration”, “Mitya’s Love”, “Dark Alleys”).

3. I. A. Bunin - laureate Nobel Prize.

1. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870-1953) is called “the last classic.” Bunin's reflections on the deep processes of life result in a perfect artistic form, where the originality of the composition, images, and details are subordinated to the intense author's thought.

2. In his stories, novellas, and poems, Bunin shows us the whole range of problems of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The themes of his works are so diverse that they seem to be life itself. Let's trace how the themes and problems of Bunin's stories changed throughout his life.

A) Main topic the early 1900s - the theme of Russia's fading patriarchal past. The most vivid expression of the problem of a change of system, the collapse of all foundations noble society we see in the story “Antonov Apples”. Bunin regrets Russia's fading past, idealizing the noble way of life. Bunin’s best memories of his former life are saturated with the smell of Antonov apples. He hopes that together with the dying noble Russia The roots of the nation will still remain in its memory.

b) In the mid-1910s, the themes and problems of Bunin's stories began to change. He moves away from the theme of Russia's patriarchal past to a critique of bourgeois reality. A striking example of this period is his story “The Master from San Francisco.” With the smallest details, mentioning every detail, Bunin describes the luxury that represents the true life of the gentlemen of modern times. At the center of the work is the image of a millionaire who doesn’t even have his own name, since no one remembered it - and does he even need it? This is a collective image of the American bourgeoisie. “Until the age of 58, his life was devoted to accumulation. Having become a millionaire, he wants to get all the pleasures that money can buy: ... he thought of holding the carnival in Nice, in Monte Carlo, where at this time the most selective society flocks, where some enthusiastically indulge in automobile and sailing races, others roulette, others to what is commonly called flirting, and fourth to shooting pigeons, which soar very beautifully from cages over the emerald lawn, against the backdrop of a sea the color of forget-me-nots, and immediately hit the ground with white lumps...” - this is a life devoid of internal content . The consumer society has erased everything human in itself, the ability for empathy and condolences. The death of the gentleman from San Francisco is perceived with displeasure, because “the evening was irreparably ruined,” the hotel owner feels guilty, and gives his word that he will take “all measures in his power” to eliminate the trouble. Money decides everything: guests want to have fun for their money, the owner does not want to lose profit, this explains the disrespect for death. Such is the moral decline of society, its inhumanity in its extreme manifestation.

c) There are a lot of allegories, associations and symbols in this story. The ship "Atlantis" acts as a symbol of civilization; The gentleman himself is a symbol of the bourgeois well-being of a society where people eat deliciously, dress elegantly and do not care about the world around them. They are not interested in him. They live in society as if in a case, closed forever to people of another circle. The ship symbolizes this shell, the sea symbolizes the rest of the world, raging, but in no way touching the hero and others like him. And nearby, in the same shell, are the people who control the ship, working hard at the gigantic firebox, which the author calls the ninth circle of hell.

There are many biblical allegories in this story. The hold of a ship can be compared to the underworld. The author hints that the gentleman from San Francisco sold his soul for earthly goods and is now paying for it with death.

Symbolic in the story is the image of a huge, rock-like devil, who is a symbol of the impending catastrophe, a kind of warning to humanity. It is also symbolic in the story that after the death of the rich man, the fun continues, absolutely nothing has changed. The ship sails in the opposite direction, only this time with the rich man’s body in a soda box, and ballroom music thunders again “among the mad blizzard sweeping over the ocean that was buzzing like a funeral mass.”

d) It was important for the author to emphasize the idea of the insignificance of human power in the face of the same mortal outcome for everyone. It turned out that everything accumulated by the master has no meaning before that eternal law to which everyone, without exception, is subject. Obviously, the meaning of life is not in acquiring wealth, but in something else that cannot be assessed monetaryly or aesthetic wisdom. The theme of death receives varied coverage in Bunin’s work. This is both the death of Russia and the death of an individual. Death turns out to be not only the resolver of all contradictions, but also the source of absolute, purifying power (“Transfiguration”, “Mitya’s Love”).

Another of the main themes of the writer’s work is the theme of love. The cycle of stories “Dark Alleys” is devoted to this topic. Bunin considered this book the most perfect in artistic skill. “All the stories in this book are only about love, about its “dark” and most often very gloomy and cruel alleys,” wrote Bunin. The collection “Dark Alleys” is one of latest masterpieces great master.

3. In the literature of Russian abroad, Bunin is a star of the first magnitude. After being awarded the Nobel Prize in 1933, Bunin became a symbol of Russian literature throughout the world.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. Which scene is the culmination of I. A. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco”?

2. What is symbolic of the image of the gentleman from San Francisco - a man without a name, without history, without purpose?

64. Theme of love in prose I.A. Bunina . (Using one story as an example.) (Ticket 1)

Russian literature was distinguished by its extraordinary chastity. Love in the minds of Russian people and Russian writers is primarily a spiritual feeling.
Bunin in Sunstroke fundamentally rethinks this tradition. For him, the feeling that suddenly arises between random fellow travelers on a ship turns out to be as priceless as love. Moreover, it is love that is this intoxicating, selfless, suddenly arising feeling that causes an association with sunstroke.
Bunin's interpretation of the theme of love is connected with his idea of Eros as a powerful elemental force - the main form of manifestation of cosmic life. It is tragic at its core. Because it turns a person over and dramatically changes the course of his life. Much in this regard brings Bunin closer to Tyutchev.
In love, Bunin's heroes are raised above time, situation, circumstances. What do we know about the heroes of Sunstroke? No name, no age. Only that he is a lieutenant, that he has “an ordinary officer’s face, gray from a tan, with a whitish, sun-bleached mustache and bluish white eyes.” And she was on vacation in Anapa and is now going to her husband and three-year-old daughter, she has a lovely laugh and is dressed in a light canvas dress.
We can say that the entire story “Sunstroke” is devoted to describing the experience of a lieutenant who lost his accidental lover. This plunge into darkness, almost “mindlessness,” occurs against the backdrop of an unbearably stuffy sunny day. All descriptions are literally saturated with burning sensations. This sunshine should remind readers of what befell the heroes of the story “ sunstroke" This is at the same time immense happiness, but it is also a blow, a loss of reason. Therefore, at first the epithet “sunny” is adjacent to the epithet “happy”, then later the “aimless sun” appears in the story.
The writer depicts that terrible feeling of loneliness, rejection from other people, which the lieutenant experienced, pierced by love.
The story has a ring composition. At the very beginning, you can hear the impact of the landing steamer hitting the pier, and at the end you can hear the same sounds. A day passed between them. But in the minds of the hero and the author, they are separated from each other by at least ten years (this figure is repeated twice in the story), but in fact by eternity. Now a different person is traveling on the ship, having comprehended some of the most important things on earth, having become familiar with its secrets.