Vehicles in a fairy tale project. Vehicles in works of art

Research work on the topic: Fairy tales in which heroes move in different ways

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………...3

Chapter 1. Fairy tales in which heroes move in different ways... .....4

1.1. What is a “fairy tale”………………………………………………………4

1.2. Movement of heroes through the air…………………………….……………5

1.3. Movement of heroes along the roads……………………………………….....7

1.4. Movement of heroes on water………………………………………………………8

Chapter 2 Practical work according to fairy tales………………………….………..9

Quiz on fairy tales……………..…………………………………......9

Travel tips……..……………………………………..10.

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….11

List of used literature……………………………………………………...12

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………..13

Introduction

I really like to read. And these are a variety of works: myths, fairy tales, original stories, novellas. Our attention was drawn to the fact that in many works the heroes move along roads, through the air and through water. I wanted to find out why the authors send their heroes on different aircraft and accidents never happen to them.

The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that we often hear about road accidents in which people get involved and in which, unfortunately, they die. Adults warn us, we study the rules of the road, there are warning signs on the roads, inspectors monitor the traffic, but traffic accidents do not decrease. Why? Maybe the answer to this question can be found in fairy tales, where the heroes moved actively and there were no accidents.

Therefore, I defined the purpose of the research work as follows: to find out why the heroes need different means of transportation.

When performing the work, the following tasks were set:

2. Carefully study some points of the traffic rules.

3. Find common points in fairy tales and traffic rules.

4. Activate cognitive activity when studying traffic rules and reading fairy tales.

5.Execute creative task: make a quiz.

Object of study are fairy tales.

Subject of research are the means of transportation of heroes in fairy tales.

The presented work consists of an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. At the end of the work a list of used literature is given.

Chapter 1. Fairy tales in which heroes move in different ways.

1.1. What's happened« fairy tale».

Fairy tales are an amazing genre. The Russian philosopher Ilyin said that “a fairy tale is a dream that a nation has had.” Indeed, in dreams sometimes people see plots similar to fragments of fairy tales or some ancient rituals. Folklore researchers believe that stories familiar to us from childhood fairy tales really relate to ancient rites and rituals. And the nature of these ancient rituals is connected with the deep mechanisms of the formation of symbolic behavior and imaginative thinking. Fairy tales, like dreams, in a sense address directly the mechanisms of the unconscious. This is their great strength. And at the same time it is expressive, literary texts, which provide aesthetic pleasure when reading. The plots of fairy tales are strange from the point of view of rational consciousness. Their action takes place in a special space - “in a certain kingdom, in a certain state...” and their patterns are impossible in the usual world - animals talk in them, Baba Yaga tries to eat a boy, the hero can be boiled in a cauldron - and after that he remains alive... And this is told as a true story, and not as a comparison or metaphor... That is, there is a world that functions according to such rules

A fairy tale for a child is not just fiction, fantasy, it is a special reality, the reality of the world of feelings. A fairy tale expands the boundaries of ordinary life for a child. Only in fairy tales do children encounter such complex phenomena and feelings as life and death, love and hate, anger and compassion. The form of depiction of these phenomena is special, fabulous, accessible.

1.2. Movement of heroes through the air.

Movement is life. Rivers flow, clouds float, winds blow, birds, fish, animals migrate, blood and water flow in the human body. The man himself flies, drives, walks. It is impossible to stop movement either in nature or in human life. This means you need to learn to move in a way that is safe. Can fairy tales teach this? They can!

The place of movement is a fabulous space. Participants in the movement: Thumbelina, Kai, Gerda, Masha, Baba Yaga, Ivan Tsarevich, Emelya, Aibolit, frog. Vehicles: horse, flying carpet, bast shoes, boat, boat, water lily petal, stove, bear with a box, wolf, black barrel goby.

Fairy tale characters move through the air. Ivan Tsarevich flies on a magic carpet. Baba Yaga flies in a mortar: “Baba Yaga flies in a mortar, drives with a pestle, and covers her tracks with a broom.” (Fairy tale “Vasilisa the Beautiful”). Thumbelina “sat down on the bird’s back, and the swallow soared into the air like an arrow and carried Thumbelina to a fairyland.” (H.H. Andersen “Thumbelina”). The frog traveler also flies to warm regions, clinging with his mouth to a twig that is held in the beaks of the ducks: “They found a good strong twig, two ducks took it in their beaks, the frog clung its mouth to the middle, and the whole herd rose into the air.” (Garshin “Frog Traveler”).

We also encounter people’s dreams of flight in folk tales. This, of course, is the fairy tale “The Flying Ship”. The king promised to marry his daughter to the one who would build him a flying ship. And then the plot is well known: the older brothers tried, but they didn’t succeed. But the youngest, a fool, with the help of his wonderful grandfather, was able to build a flying ship with sails. This is how it is written about it in the fairy tale: “The fool took an ax with him and went into the forest. I walked and walked through the forest and spotted a tall pine tree: the top of this pine tree rests on the clouds, only three people can grasp it. ... He cut down a pine tree and began to clear it of its branches. An old man came up to him... and showed him how to trim a pine tree.

Well, now let's start adjusting the sails!

And he took out a piece of canvas from his bosom.

The old man shows, the fool tries, he does everything conscientiously - and the sails are ready, trimmed.

Now get into your ship,” says the old man, “and fly wherever you want.” ...

Here they said goodbye. The old man went his way, and the fool boarded the flying ship and straightened the sails. The sails inflated, the ship soared into the sky, and flew faster than a falcon.” With the help of this flying ship the hero was able to fulfill his dreams and become happy.

In some fairy tales, heroes travel on a magic carpet. In flight, forests, fields, mountains, rivers, that is, vast expanses, open up to them. The flying carpet helps the heroes not only quickly move through the air from one place to another, but also deceive the enemies who are pursuing them. I think that man, creating with his imagination all the listed means of transportation through the air, was somewhat envious of the birds. And not only because birds can quickly cover distances, but also because they are free, free creatures.

1.3. Movement of heroes along the roads.

In a fairy-tale space, heroes can move on the ground, walk or ride some animals. Little girl Nyurochka sat down on the bull: “The bull, a black barrel, shook its white hooves with its head, waved its tail and ran.” (Fairy tale “Bull-black barrel, white hooves”).

“For a long time Ivan Tsarevich made his way through the dense forests, through the swamps of the swamp elms, and finally came to the Koshcheev oak tree.” (“The Frog Princess”). “The ball rolls over high mountains, through green meadows, rolls through marshy swamps, rolls through dense forests” (“The Frog Princess”). “And the fox rides on a wolf and slowly says: “The beaten one carries the unbeaten” (“Sister Fox and the Gray Wolf”). " Gray wolf with Ivan Tsarevich he rushed faster than a horse to take the firebird" (“Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”). The sleigh races by itself, where Emelya sits, raising her baton up. Emelya can even ride a stove. “The stove crackled and suddenly flew free. And faster than any bird it flew towards the king.” (“The Tale of Emelya the Fool”). “Masha climbed into the box, the bear put it on his back and went to the village.” (Fairy tale "Masha and the Bear"). “I wove bast shoes for myself, they are not simple, they are wonderful. If I put them on, my feet will run on their own,” says the old man to Ivan in the fairy tale “Wonderful little shoes.” Gerda rides in a golden carriage to save Kai: “A carriage made of pure gold drove up to the gate. The prince and princess seated Gerda in the carriage and wished her a safe journey." And then the girl rides on a deer: “The Finnish woman put Gerda on the back of the deer, and he started running as fast as he could.” “The snow flakes kept growing and eventually turned into large white chickens. Suddenly they scattered to the sides, the large sleigh stopped, and the Snow Queen and Kai sat in them. The sleigh carried them to the ice palace.” (H.H. Andersen “The Snow Queen”).

1.4. Movement of heroes on water.

Fairy-tale characters swim across the seas, rivers, and oceans. Gerda is sailing along the river in a boat in search of Kai. Thumbelina "rolled on a rose petal in a plate of water." Saving Thumbelina from the toad, the fish bit the stem of the water lily and the leaf quickly floated downstream. “Thumbelina swam further and further.”

"The wind blows across the sea,

And the boat speeds up,

He runs in the waves

With sails raised."

(A.S. Pushkin “The Tale of Tsar Soltan...”)

And Doctor Aibolit, hurrying to Africa, now flies, now sails, now drives:

“Shaggy wolves run out:

Sit down, Aibolit, on horseback,

We’ll get you there quickly!”

“But then a whale swims out:

Sit on me, Aibolit!

And, like a big ship,

I’ll take you ahead!”

"And now from a high cliff

Eagles flew to Aibolit:

Sit down, Aibolit, on horseback,

We’ll get you there quickly!”

(K.I. Chukovsky “Aibolit”)

Chapter 2. Practical work on fairy tales.

2.1. Quiz on fairy tales.

Among students primary classes A Fairy Tale Quiz was held.

Quiz

1. How did Baba Yaga cover her trail while flying in the mortar? (with a broom)

2.What did the heroes of K.I. Chukovsky’s fairy tale “The Cockroach” travel on? (insert necessary words)

“The bears were riding (a bicycle),

Bunnies - (on the tram),

Toad – (on a broom),

And mosquitoes - (on a balloon).

3.What types of transport did Gerda use to save Kai? (boat, golden carriage, deer)

4.What round object shows the way for the hero in fairy tales? (clew)

5.What words did the hero of the fairy tale “Sivka-Burka” call the horse?

6. How did Doctor Aibolit get to Africa? (on a wolf, on a whale, on an eagle)

7.Name the vehicles that are mentioned in Russian folk tales? (horse, flying carpet, walking boots, etc.)

8.Did the frog traveler reach warm countries? Why?

9.Which car is rolling, rolling? (blue)

10. How did Prince Guidon get to Buyan Island? (in a barrel)

After the quiz, the work was analyzed. We see how much we moved around fairy-tale heroes and they never had any accidents on land, water or air. Why? Firstly, because they all moved to do good deeds: Aibolit to heal, the Gray Wolf to help Ivan Tsarevich, the bull and the bear save the girls, Gerda was looking for Kai, etc. Secondly, all the heroes treated other participants in the movement with respect, patience, understanding, and understood that it was impossible to violate anyone’s rights. Therefore, there were no accidents in fairy tales, and you can learn this from the heroes of fairy tales.

2.1. Wise proverbs for travelers.

Proverbs give wise advice to travelers:

(Don't speed)

2. A zealous horse does not live long.

(Do not overload the motor)

3. There will be a quiet ride on the mountain.

(Drive carefully)

4. Without asking the ford, do not poke your nose into the water.

(Learn the way)

5. If you go for a day, take bread for a week.

(Bring supplies for the trip)

(Relax on the road)

7. It’s hard to swim against the water.

(Choose a convenient road)

8.You can’t go far on a lame horse.

(Keep the vehicle in order)

Conclusion

In my work, I examined several works: myths, fairy tales, fiction, and I can conclude that the goals of their famous and unknown authors are very different. Various means of transportation described in the books help the heroes either escape from many years of captivity, or quickly move from one point of the globe to another, or have an interesting time traveling. Also, after reading fairy tales and proverbs, we were convinced that they can be used to teach rules of behavior on the roads. And in order to avoid getting into accidents and not being injured in them, you need to strive to do only good deeds, be polite, respect all road users, and listen to your elders.

List of used literature.

1.Andersen G.H. "Thumbelina." Izhevsk, “The Wanderer” 1994

2. Andersen G.H. "The Snow Queen". M., “Children’s Literature”, 1985.

3.Garshin “Frog Traveler”. Native speech. M., “Enlightenment”, 1995.

4. Repin Y.S. "Road ABC" M., Order of the Badge of Honor, publishing house DOSAAF USSR, 1980.

5.Russians folk tales. Novosibirsk book publishing house, 1989.

6.Russian folk riddles, proverbs, sayings. M., “Enlightenment”, 1990.

7.Fairy tales, proverbs, riddles. M., “Children’s Literature” 1989.

8. Reader on children's literature. M., “Children’s Literature”, 1965.

9. Reader for preschoolers (1,2,3t). M., AST 1997

10. Chukovsky K.I. "Aibolit". M., “Children’s Literature”, 1997.

A small child of some acquaintances, being left at a party and extremely dissatisfied with this, said:
- By pike command, according to my desire, put on a T-shirt and shorts and I’ll find myself at home.
The words of this young man are an expression of the dreams of perhaps all people - freedom of movement. You thought it too in Moscow, and you thought it again in London.
Thoughts about free movement are thousands of years old, during which time humanity has dreamed up many mythical mechanisms capable of moving them in space. The following is a list of the 10 most common mythical vehicles.

1

A bunch of sponge, brushwood or a bunch of twigs mounted on a stick, a tool designed for sweeping the oven floor before planting bread. One of Baba Yaga's attributes, with which she covers her tracks.
Usually the “grandmother” moves not on a broom, but in a mortar, but there are examples of witches flying independently on a broom and a broom.
Mentioned in many Russian folk tales.

2

A mythical carpet with which you can move in space over very long distances. The principle of operation is unknown.
Mentioned in many oriental fairy tales, its popularity was brought by its mention in the Tales of a Thousand and One Nights.
Old Man Hottabych appeared in the Soviet film; I personally admired him for his coolness.

3

Magic shoes from European and Slavic fairy tales that give +100 to movement speed. Also known as seven-league boots, adding 7 miles minus 1 step to every step taken.
Usually kept under lock and key in a casket, perhaps so that they do not escape on their own.

4

A lazy person's dream, a self-propelled unit with voice control and heated seats. Specifications: all-terrain, fuel - wood, coal, etc. passenger capacity is limited only by overall dimensions.
Mentioned in the Russian folk tale At the command of the pike.

The people came up with the Flying Ship and wrote an instructive story about it in the fairy tale of the same name, “The Flying Ship.” It has its disadvantages and its advantages over other magical things. There is only one drawback - it is low-power, but there are also advantages - you need to say the magic words in order to fly anywhere on it, and this provides protection against theft. The flying ship has a large capacity and the ability to transport various cargo and more heroes.

6

Sandals with wings attached to them. Used by Hermes during the battle with the Gorgon Medusa. They were given the opportunity to rise into the air.
At the same time, nothing is known about the principle of operation, and it is completely unclear how the inner wings did not touch each other.

7

The Persian writer Kay-Kavusa came up with such a miracle as a flying throne. The throne was an ordinary throne, to which four poles were attached at the corners. The roof was supported on poles on top, and pieces of meat hung under the roof.
Eagles were tied to the bottom of the throne, they reached for the meat and, taking off, raised the throne.
In this simple way the author traveled to China.

8

Chinese literary character, Monkey King - Sun Wukong, known from the novel "Journey to the West", knew how to fly on a cloud.
Sun Wukong went on a journey in search of a teacher who would teach him immortality. The Taoist who took him as a student taught him how to fly on a cloud, 72 transformations and other magical actions. Sun Wukun's Cloud (Auspicious Cloud)

9 Winged disk, Nar, a pillar of fire on which the Chorus moved

an ancient mythological symbol widely used among the peoples of the Ancient East. The great-grandson of the god of the underworld, Horus, fought on the winged disk of his grandfather Ra (Marduk).
The winged disk of Ra, or the so-called Nar, a pillar of fire, was depicted as an oblong cylindrical object with fins or short wings.

10

A fantastic aircraft shown in the movie “Kin-dza-dza!” In some countries former USSR the word “pepelats” has become a common noun to ironically refer to inconvenient or old vehicles, since the inside of the pepelats in the film is cramped, poorly lit and noisy. Many people use this word to refer to their car. Also, sometimes the word “pepelats” is used to refer to aircraft - helicopters, small aircraft.

MBOU "Secondary school No. 15"

urban district city of Salavat

Research work

Means of transportation by air in literary works

5a grade student

Scientific supervisor:

Davletbaeva Olga Vasilievna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

highest qualification category

Salavat 2014

My research hypothesis: “...could people actually take off without all these “flying” devices?”

Goals and objectives of the study:

1) To analyze the prototypes of which aircraft the fairy-tale and literary “flying” devices became.

2) Create a kind of library of fairy-tale and literary flying heroes.

3) Prepare a series of conversations on this topic for elementary school students, which I could conduct myself.

I. INTRODUCTION

IN
In my research work, I want to talk about some “flying” fairy-tale and literary heroes and their “flying” devices, and I will also try to understand and explain why many literary and fairy-tale heroes flew long before the first human flight into space. Unfortunately, no one knows when a person first raised his head to the sky and noticed its frightening size and at the same time fantastic beauty. We also do not know the time when a person first noticed birds soaring in the air, and the idea of ​​following them arose in his head. Just as any journey, even the longest one, begins with one small step, so the long history of the conquest of airspace began with an ordinary dream. Scientists believe that this happened a very long time ago. And for a long time, man saw only one opportunity to rise to heavenly heights - to become like birds and gain wings.

IN
Unlike most animals, man is given the ability to see a blue sky covered with white, cotton-like clouds, a bright, yellow Sun, and colorfully colored birds fluttering carefree. He couldn't help but take advantage of it. The sky delighted and beckoned. Thus was born a dream, which was first embodied in legends and then became a reality. And yet, some scientists believe that people flew in ancient times. Why did they descend back to earth, having lost their wings? The sky has always been fraught with many mysteries - is humanity, which again took off to the clouds in the 20th century, destined to solve them? Memories of such flights have undergone some changes over the years and, in a simplified form, have survived to this day in the form of folklore images. In the legends of the northern peoples, the technique of flight was described very simply: a fire was lit from shavings, covered with wet matting, anyone could sit on the matting, and the heat lifted him into the heavens all the way to the Lord God himself. By the way, on the other side of the earth, the aborigines of Oceania have a similar myth about traveling to the heavenly country of their ancestors with the help of a smoke stream: “Iolofat sat on a stream of smoke and rose to Lang” or “a woman entered a smoke column and rose with him to the sky. ..” Perhaps it was precisely this method of aeronautics that served as the prototype for “flying ships”, references to which are found not only in many fairy tales, but also in the myths of the peoples of the world

II . Mythical and fabulous flying heroes of Russian fairy tales

If you carefully study the history of the development of human society, you will notice that everyone ancient people who inhabited the Earth had their own fabulous and mi fic flying heroes. Good and sometimes sacred creatures had wings folded behind their backs and descended to Earth. Terrible dragons were also equipped with them, bringing people evil. Every wise wizard had to, first of all, fly. What kind of omnipotent is he if he can’t even fly?.. And since no one yet knew how exactly one could fly for real, people came up with ideas for what they could do. Whatever the inhabitants of the fairy-tale world flew on! In Russian fairy tales, these characters cut through the air either with a fiery feather, or with a heavy snake-gorynych body, or with a mortar or a curly horse mane. From legend to legend are new, closely intertwining children's fairy tales with ancient and half-forgotten mythology, in which echoes of pagan tribes of farmers, nomads, and warriors are mixed. In Russian fairy tales one can find traces of a variety of cultures of the West and East, North and South. Phoenix bird - also known as the Firebird, a dragon with three heads, winged shoes, more often known as walking boots, a flying carpet. Our glider pilots consider their direct ancestor to be the one who once soared on this magic carpet. The flying carpet was built as a tailless glider, according to last word current technology. “What? - said one of the pilots in Crimea, in Koktebel. “If the updrafts are good, you can try it on a carpet if nothing else is available.”

All these creatures and magical attributes created for flight are present in one way or another in almost every fairy tale, thereby creating a cleverly intertwined but integral layer of Russian mythology and culture. It is noteworthy that Most flying characters in Russian fairy tales, unlike European fairy tales, are not the embodiment of a person’s dream of flying. Their ability to fly is not a miracle; you can negotiate with them, catch them, tame them, outwit them, or, in the end, just communicate as equals. On the other hand, among the main characters there are often handsome men and beauties, princes and princesses, who, having “thrown themselves to the ground,” can turn into a dove or a falcon, a sparrow and even a bumblebee.

B Most of the people flew in fairy tales on different brooms. Every real witch had a small broom or broom. Famous Russian witch, Bab Yaga, the first to replace the broom with a wooden mortar. This apparatus was controlled using a pestle. Baba Yaga is the most popular flying character in Russian fairy tales. He invariably moves through the air in a mortar, often waving a broom. Baba Yaga prefers to spend days and nights in her quaint hut or in the company of Leshy and Kikimora. The appearance of her stupa in a fairy tale, cutting through the sky above the forest, does not, as a rule, promise anything good - the Bone Leg strives to eat all human flesh. But even an old woman can have a problem, and Yaga is by no means devoid of human weaknesses - if you please her, she will open the treasures of her ancient wisdom to the brave hero: she will give you a blade of grass, or she will tell you what and where you can get it in the forest. Baba Yaga, the spirit of the forest, the Russian dashing, a fairy-tale creature that terrifies mere mortals with her truly scary appearance and way of life is an independent magical force that must be reckoned with not because she can fly, but because she simply exists in those magical Russian forests, where sometimes only heroes and fools are carried.

However, some witches also loved to fly on a black goat. It was fun to sit on it backwards and hold on to the goat's tail. Many people in fairy tales showed the wonders of the art of flying on magic
y horses. The famous Ivan the Fool raced on a hot mare. Following the example of the witches, he also sat on his horse backwards. Rolled across the sky making thunder and lightning prophet Elijah. He had a thundering chariot. When in tsarist army they accepted the new plane and always served a prayer service to Elijah the Prophet. Many other famous and glorious heroes also flew on horses: the Greek Bellerophon rode on the winged horse Pegasus. Son The Sun Phaeton, having climbed onto his father’s chariot, went to shine for the people, but became confused and crashed to pieces.

III . Flying children's heroes literary fairy tales and stories

After dragons, all sorts of extravaganzas and witches, the ability to fly for heroes and anti-heroes migrated to a more harmless and safe form of children's literary fairy tales. In Western children's fairy tales, flights often appear: Little Muk (W. Gauf) gets shoes that carry him wherever he wants, the Snow Queen (H.H. Andersen) rolls the sick Kai across the sky in her cold sleigh...

However, there are not many characters for whom flying is as natural as walking is for us. However, you can remember several of these magical heroes without specifically re-reading a book of fairy tales. James Barry's Peter Pan is one of the most famous fairy-tale "flyers". This is one of the few characters who flies on his own, without additional magical attributes, and this is as natural to him as breathing air. The boy Peter, visiting the houses of city residents, loses his shadow in one of the rooms, without which he can’t fly away
It's impossible. This chance allows a whole group of children to fly over the city and fairy lands. To make this possible, you just need to lightly shake (as long as you have enough patience) the magical fairy, whose sparkling pollen, barely touching the body, can lift into the air uh anyone. And in order to soar calmly and freely on a summer night over a sleeping city, you need, in addition to a grain of miracle, only a little confidence and desire. Break away from everyday life and, trusting the will of chance and handsome hero, fly to the country of your m
dreams and be so free that the forces of gravity will cease to have any significant significance. The character of S. Lagerlöf’s story about the incredible adventures of Nils and the flock of geese also had to fly throughout almost the entire fairy tale. And although here, too, there was some witchcraft that made him a little boy, he was still much more anxious about flying, clinging to the feathers on the neck of a domestic goose, unaccustomed to flying, and fearing that he would be torn off by a blow of wind or an overly sharp turn. Here, the ability to move through the air is an annoying and very exciting necessity on the way to saving the boy from the spell of the irritated gnome magician. Another thing is the goose Martin, who did not know either the sweet sensation of a long flight or lands beyond the poultry yard. For him, the opportunity to join a flock of wild geese is the only option for liberation from the routine life of a country bird and the fate of a hot dinner with baked apples and praise to the hostess about her culinary talents. The transformation of the inexperienced and slightly naive Martin into the hero of the wild goose flock is a miracle, probably more important than the ability to fly. That is why the author ultimately leaves a free sky for the birds, and for man the opportunity to emerge victorious from any incredible situations.

ABOUT However, the most charming flying inhabitant of European fairy tales remains the cheerful Carlson, who, with the light hand of Astrid Lindgren, lives on the roof and who, thanks to talented Russian animators, has become the favorite hero of all children from 4 to 80 years old. Having a small and unburdensome propeller behind him, he is free to roam from floor to floor, looking into the windows from the street, playing pranks here and there, causing slight chaos behind the backs of grumpy nannies and housewives. Cheerfulness, the ability to give joy to others and turn everything into a good joke are completely human qualities, but meeting them in life can be as difficult as a soaring passerby. Carlson's ability to fly is just a consequence of his easy, but by no means frivolous, character. And it doesn’t matter if the engine suddenly malfunctions - just a jar of raspberry jam, and everything will be fine again. Baron Munchausen (E. Raspe) was a good amateur pilot, if you believe his own words. He was a master of all sorts of inventions. Once he made a brave flight on ducks strung in a garland on a string. On another occasion, he managed to break the speed record while flying on a cannonball.

IV . Conclusions

After researching this topic and analyzing works of art, I came to the following conclusions. Fabulous and literary heroes rise into the air thanks to the amazing imagination of man, thanks to his eternal desire to overcome gravity, rise above everyday life and feel real freedom, to feel the volume and infinity of the world. That is why they do not need special, smart devices. They fly using the simplest things found in the house. These are: a broom used to sweep the floor or yard, a mortar in which grain was pounded to obtain flour, a carpet used to decorate a home, boots that used to be worn by the richest townspeople, a cart (aka chariot) in which they carried their belongings, a sledge, on which children still ride down the mountain in winter, an umbrella that is used to protect themselves from the rain, a propeller similar to a fan for cooling the air, a balloon that is given for a birthday. That is why the most real domestic and wild animals and birds fly: horse, mare, humpbacked foal, goat, deer, wolf, geese, swans, ducks. And some fly without even leaving home, like the girl Ellie, and the boy in love Vakula manages to saddle the devil himself. And finally, the “most-most” did not find anything more suitable at hand than an ordinary cannonball. They do not need any preparation, and they are ready to move in space and time and fly as long as a person is able to dream about flight, until one day a person flaps his wings and flies...

Appendix 1

Flight device

Koschey the Immortal - main negative character Russian fairy tales, whose death is at the end of a needle, which is in an egg, and the egg is in a pike, a pike in a duck, a duck in a falcon, a falcon in a chest, a chest under the roots of an oak tree on Buyan Island. It is with him that the good fellows have to fight before finding their “frog princess”

L flies on its own using its wings through fairy tales of all peoples of the world

Fire Breathing Dragon (one or many heads) – the main negative character of many legends of the peoples of Europe

Wings

Baba Yaga lives in most Russian folk tales. He always only threatens to commit a crime, but most often helps good fellows find Elena the Beautiful or Vasilisa the Wise

Broom, mortar

AND
Van Tsarevich, aka Ivan the Fool, the hero of Russian folk tales. Most often, the main slacker, on whom happiness falls “at the behest of a pike”

WITH gray wolf, Little Humpbacked Horse, flying carpet

Witches live in the oral folk art peoples of Europe, in W. Shakespeare's tragedy "Macbeth", in modern children's horror films and fantasy, in Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" They gather at the Sabbath to worship the devil, perform sacrifices, feasts, dances and bacchanalia (consultation with a teacher-mentor)

M Etla

"Daedalus and Icarus" (from myths Ancient Greece)

WITH homemade wings.

"Little Mook"

B Ashmak

"The Snow Queen"

L
running sleigh

"Peter Pan"

WITH
on its own, without additional attributes, sprinkled with pollen from the Tinker Bell fairy

"Nils's Wonderful Journey with the Wild Geese"

D some geese

"Mary Poppins"

Umbrella, laughing gas

"Three stories about the Kid and

P propeller

« Winnie the Pooh and everything, everything, everything"

IN balloon

“Dunno in the Sunny City”, “Dunno on the Moon”

IN hot air balloon

«
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"

U weave, core

Research results

1) I read and analyzed Russian folk tales, fairy tales and legends of the peoples of the world, and works of art by famous children's writers, in which fairy-tale and literary characters fly themselves or with the help of a “flying” device.

2) I compiled an illustrated catalog of flying heroes and their means of transportation and tried to determine the prototype of what kind of modern aircraft this “flying” device could be.

3) Prepared a presentation in Power Point and defended it on class hour within the framework of a school-wide decade of research work.

4) I have prepared an illustrated text booklet that can be used as a visual aid and as a kind of encyclopedia of flying heroes.

5) Made a plan and schedule for conducting conversations on the research topic in elementary school. I conducted them in December 2014 in the 1st and 2nd grades of my school.

Children's parties at home. Fairytale scenarios and quizzes Kogan Marina Solomonovna

Quiz “Fairytale transport”

These questions can also be used to warm up.

What did fairy-tale heroes travel on? So who used what? Remember.