Vasiliev tomorrow was war analysis of the work. What did the heroes of the story fight for? Tomorrow there was a war

Boris Vasiliev’s story “Tomorrow There Was War” is dedicated to the last pre-war year in Russia. More precisely, the last pre-war school year of 1940, since the main characters of the story are schoolchildren, ninth grade students in a small town.

Sixteen year olds in 1940

Godu is the same generation that was born immediately after the revolution and civil war. All their fathers and mothers participated in these events in one way or another.

Consequently, these children grew up with a dual feeling: on the one hand, they are sorry that the civil war ended before them, that they did not have time to take part in it, and on the other hand, they sincerely believe that they are entrusted with an equally important mission, they must to preserve the socialist system, must do something worthy.

This is a generation living with the dream of a personal feat that should benefit the homeland. All the boys in this class wanted to become commanders of the Red Army,

To keep up with their fathers.

The main character of the story, Komsomol activist Iskra Polyakova, fiercely denies her personal life and personal happiness, dreaming of the proud spirit of the word “commissar”.

The other girls in the class do not share her active position, although they also believe in communism. But their dreams are different: the cheerful, laughing Zinochka Kovalenko, the sensible Lena Bokova, and the dreamy Vika Lyuberetskaya - for all of them, their own happiness is more important, it is more important to love and be loved.

However, none of these dreams can be fully realized in the Soviet Union of 1940, where repression and control over society are rampant, where war will soon begin.

The culmination of this story is the moment of the arrest of Vika Lyuberetskaya’s father, a major aircraft designer. After this, Vika is declared “the daughter of an enemy of the people,” and persecution of the girl begins at school. Not wanting to betray her father and renounce him, as demanded by the Komsomol organization, Vika commits suicide.

She is not the only one striving to defend justice. After the news of the arrest of Vika’s father, her classmates, contrary to the school’s prohibitions, go to support the girl, because they believe that she is definitely not guilty of anything.

Artem Shefer fights a “duel” with a tenth grader who spread this news around the school. After Vika’s death, school director Nikolai Grigorievich specially sends her classmates to the funeral, where no one else is there.

Particularly interesting in that story is the character main character, Iskra Polyakova. If at first she was a classic Komsomol activist, firmly believing in the just cause of the party, then after the events associated with Vika, she gradually changes her position: she begins to believe that the party, the school, and the Komsomol can sometimes be wrong.

The epilogue of the story shows that all the guys really managed to realize their youthful dream of heroism. They embodied it on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, and tragically - almost all the students of the former 9 “B” died. The narration in the introduction and epilogue is told on behalf of supposedly their classmate - Boris Vasiliev himself.

Essays on topics:

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Still from the film “Tomorrow there was a war” (1987)

Very briefly

1940 A ninth-grader from a small town becomes the daughter of an enemy of the people. They are going to expel her from the Komsomol, and the girl commits suicide. After some time, her father is released.

Prologue

The author recalls the 9th "B" class in which he once studied. In memory of his classmates, he only had an old photograph, blurry at the edges, which activist Iskra Polyakova encouraged everyone to take. Of the entire class, only nineteen people lived to old age. In addition to the author and Iskra, the company included the athlete Pasha Ostapchuk, the eternal inventor Valka Alexandrov, nicknamed Edison, the frivolous Zinochka Kovalenko and the timid Lenochka Bokova. Most often the company gathered at Zinochka's. Iskra was always telling something, reading aloud, and Valka was inventing devices that, as a rule, did not work.

The guys treated Zinochka's quiet father with disdain, until one day in the bathhouse they saw his scarred back - “the blue-purple autograph of the civil war.” And the mother of Iskra, Polyakov’s comrade, who walked around in boots and a leather jacket, everyone was afraid and did not understand that she had the same scars on her soul as on the back of Zinochka’s father. In the story, the author returns to those naive dreamers.

Chapter One

This fall, Zinochka Kovalenko realized herself as a woman for the first time. Taking advantage of the absence of her parents, she sadly looked in the mirror at her mature breasts beyond her years, too thin hips and legs with disproportionately thin ankles, when Iskra Polyakova rang the doorbell. Zinochka was a little afraid of her strict friend, the “conscience of the class,” although she was a year older. Iskra’s idol was her mother, the unbending commissar Comrade Polyakova, with whom the girl always took an example. Only recently did she realize that her mother was deeply unhappy and lonely. One night, Iskra saw her mother crying, for which she was whipped with a wide soldier’s belt. Unusual name the girl was awarded by her father, whom she did not remember. As a commissar, he turned out to be a “weak man,” and his mother, “with the usual mercilessness,” burned his photographs in the stove.

Iskra came to Zinochka with a message that Sashka Stameskin would no longer study at school. Now school classes had to be paid for, but Sashka’s mother, who raised her son without a father, did not have the money for this. Stameskin was a personal achievement and a conquest for Iskra. Just a year ago, he led the free life of a hooligan and a loser. Having exhausted the patience of the teachers' council, he expected to gain complete freedom when Iskra appeared on his horizon. She had just joined the Komsomol and decided that her first Komsomol feat would be the re-education of Stameskin.

Arriving at his house for the first time, Iskra saw beautiful drawings of airplanes. The girl said that such planes would not fly; Stameskin was offended by this, and he became interested in mathematics and physics. But Iskra was a sober-minded girl. She foresaw that Sashka would soon get tired of all this, so she took him to the aviation club of the Palace of Pioneers. Now Sashka had something to lose, he took up his studies and abandoned his former friends. And now Stameskin, who had become a good student, was forced to leave school.

Zinochka found a way out. She offered to place Stameskin at an aircraft factory, where there was an evening school. Vika Lyuberetskaya, the daughter of the chief engineer of the aircraft plant, who sat with Zinochka at the same desk, could help with this. Vika was very beautiful and a little arrogant. She had already turned into a woman and was aware of it. Iskra avoided her classmate. This is great for her dressed girl, who came to school in a company car, was a creature from another world for whom one should feel ironic regret. Zina undertook to settle this matter. On September 1, Vika approached Iskra and said that Stameskin would be hired at the plant.

Chapter two

Artyom Shefer read a lot and was involved in athletics. Only one oddity prevented him from becoming an excellent student - he “spoke poorly” and could not answer oral subjects. It started in the fifth grade, when Artyom accidentally broke a microscope, and Zinochka took the blame upon herself. From then on, under Zina’s gaze, the boy’s tongue stiffened - it was love. Only Artyom knew the terrible secret best friend Zhorka Landys, unrequitedly in love with Vika Lyuberetskaya.

After working as a laborer all summer, Artyom decided to spend his first earnings on celebrating his sixteenth birthday. On the second Sunday of September, a noisy company headed by Iskra gathered at Artyom’s place. The guys danced, played forfeits, and then began to read poetry. And then Vika read several poems by the almost forgotten “decadent” poet Sergei Yesenin. Even Iskra liked the poems, and Vika gave her a tattered volume to read.

Chapter Three

The multi-storey school where the children studied was recently built. At first, the duties of the director were performed by class 7 “B” Valentina Andronovna, nicknamed Valendra. She distributed the classes in ascending order, and the school became like layer cake- “each floor lived the life of its age,” no one ran up the stairs or rode on the railings. Six months later, Valendra was replaced by Nikolai Grigorievich Romakhin, a former commander of the cavalry corps. The first thing he did was mix up the classrooms and hang mirrors in the girls' restrooms. The school rang with children's voices and laughter, and the girls got bows and fashionable bangs. The whole school adored the principal and could not stand Valendra. Her innovations angered Romakhin - they went against Valentina Andronovna’s ideas about raising children. She began to fight with the director, writing letters “to the right place” for any reason.

Zinochka let Valendra know that Yesenin was being read at her birthday party - the classmate caught her in front of the mirror and scared her. Having learned from Iskra that Vika had read poetry, Valentina Andronovna retreated: Lyuberetsky was highly respected in the city. Iskra decided to tell Vika about this, and after school the friends went to the Lyuberetskys.

Vika’s mother died long ago, and Leonid Sergeevich Lyuberetsky raised his daughter alone. He was always worried about Vika, and therefore he took great care of her and spoiled her. Vika was very proud of her father. Despite numerous gifts, imported clothes and a company car, Vika was a smart and decent girl. She lived a very secluded life - her father's position created a wall between her and her classmates. That day, girls from her class visited her for the first time, and Leonid Sergeevich was glad that his daughter still had friends.

Iskra and Zinochka found themselves in such a beautiful house for the first time. They were given tea and treated to delicious cakes. It turned out that Lyuberetsky knew Comrade Polyakova - they fought in the civilian water division. Iskra thought about the conversation with Leonid Sergeevich for several days. She was especially struck by the idea that “truth should not turn into dogma, it must be constantly tested for strength and expediency,” because Iskra’s mother believed in the immutable truth embodied in the Soviet idea, and was ready to defend it until her last breath.

Chapter Four

At the beginning of each academic year Zinochka determined who she would fall in love with. She didn’t need to please her “object,” but rather suffer from jealousy and dream of reciprocity. I didn't manage to fall in love this year. For some time, Zinochka was confused, but soon realized that she herself had become an “object.” She quickly calmed down, but then two tenth graders appeared on the horizon, one of whom, Yura, was considered the most handsome boy in the school. Zinochka did not know how to make decisions - Iskra always decided for her, but asking her friend who to fall in love with was unthinkable. They couldn’t help at home either: the sisters were much older than Zinochka, and the parents were always busy. And Zinochka found a way out herself. She wrote three identical letters with a vague promise of friendship, differing only in address, and began to think about which of the three admirers she should send the letter to.

After three days of thinking, Zinochka lost two letters, but one of them fell into the hands of Valentina Andronovna. Triumphantly, she took the letter to the director, hoping that he would inform Zinochka at the general meeting, but Nikolai Grigorievich laughed and burned the “evidence.” Furious, Valendra decided to openly defend what she sincerely believed to be Soviet methods of education.

Iskra let her friend out of control - she was busy with herself. While working at the aircraft factory, Sasha Stameskin matured noticeably, he developed his own opinions and a special attitude towards Iskra. One day, while walking in the park, they kissed, and this kiss became “a mighty impetus for the forces already in motion.” Iskra began to grow up, and she was drawn not to the frivolous Zinochka, but to the self-confident Vika, who had already crossed this difficult line. Soon she visited the Lyuberetskys again, talked with Vika about women's happiness, and with Leonid Sergeevich about the presumption of innocence. Vika told the girl that she couldn’t love her because she was a maximalist. Iskra was very upset by these words. Arriving home, she wrote an article for school newspaper with arguments about guilt and innocence, but the mother who came home from work burned the article, declaring that a Soviet person should not reason, but believe.

Chapter Five

On October 1, the handsome Yura invited Zinochka to the cinema for the last showing. Kovalenki raised youngest daughter in severity, but that day the mother - surgical nurse- was on duty, her father - a foreman at the factory and an activist - was also busy, and Zinochka agreed. After the session, Yura offered to sit somewhere, and Zinochka led him to the Lyuberetskys’ house, where a secluded bench was hidden in the bushes. While sitting on it, the guys saw a black car drive up to the entrance, and three men entered the house. After some time, Lyuberetsky came out of the entrance, accompanied by these people, Vika jumped out after them, loudly screaming and crying. Already from the back, Leonid Sergeevich shouted that he was not guilty of anything, and the car drove off.

Zinochka rushed to Iskra to report that Lyuberetsky had been arrested. Comrade Polyakova left Zina to spend the night at her place, and she went to her parents. Kovalenko doubted that Lyuberetsky, “a hero of the civil war, an order bearer,” could turn out to be an enemy of the people. He decided to invite Vika to live with him. Arriving home, Polyakova wrote a letter to the central committee of the CPSU (b), in which she stood up for Lyuberetsky.

Chapter Six

In the morning, Kovalenko and Polyakova’s parents met in the director’s office. Romakhin was also sure that Lyuberetsky was arrested by mistake. He suggested that everyone write a letter together to the relevant authorities, but Iskra’s mother asked to wait. She had known Leonid Sergeevich for a long time and believed that at this stage of the case her guarantee was enough.

The friends decided not to tell anyone about the arrest, but when they arrived at school, Iskra discovered that everyone already knew about it. Zinochka had to admit that she was not alone at the Lyuberetskys’ house. Yurka, who spilled the news, should have been punished. Artem Shefer, Zhorka Landys and Pasha Ostapchuk took on this task. While the girls distracted the school stoker, the boys called Yurka into the boiler room. Artyom fought, who also had personal motives.

After the “duel” the guys went to support Vika. After the search, the Lyuberetskys’ apartment was turned upside down. Friends helped Vika clean up, and Zinochka fed her “special scrambled eggs.”

At her house, Iskra met with Sashka. He said that Lyuberetsky was in fact an “enemy of the people.” Rumors circulated around the plant that the chief engineer had sold the aircraft blueprints to the Nazis. Iskra believed, but was convinced that Vika had nothing to do with it.

The next day, Iskra strictly ordered the guys to behave with Vika as usual. In the afternoon, Polyakova and Schaefer were called to the director - Valendra became aware of the fight in the boiler room. Valentina Andronovna interrogated the guys. The director was silent, looking at the table. The classroom decided to turn the fight into a political affair, making Artyom the main ringleader. Romakhin could not intercede - Valendra’s numerous statements bore fruit, and the director was reprimanded. Finally, the class decided that Iskra would hold an emergency Komsomol meeting, at which Vika, as the daughter of an enemy of the people, would be expelled from the Komsomol. Iskra flatly refused to hold the meeting, after which she fainted.

When Iskra came to her senses, Romakhin said that the meeting would take place in a week, and he could not change anything. Schaefer will also have to leave the school because of the “political” fight. And then Zinochka declared that Artyom fought because of her. The director was very happy about the opportunity to save at least Schaefer, and ordered Zinochka to write a report.

Chapter Seven

Zinochka’s report helped - having received a beating from the director, Artyom remained at school. The week passed as usual, only Valendra never called Vika to the board, although in other lessons she answered “five”. On Saturday after school, Vika suggested that the whole class go to the dacha village of Sosnovka to say goodbye to autumn.

The guys spent the whole Sunday in Sosnovka. Vika showed her dacha - a neat little house, painted cheerful blue. The house was sealed, and the girl was not even allowed to take away her personal belongings. Then Vika took Zhorka Landys to the river, to her favorite place under a spreading rosehip bush, and allowed herself to be kissed. Then the guys lit a fire, had fun, but everyone remembered that tomorrow was a Komsomol meeting, at which Vika would be expelled from the Komsomol if she did not publicly condemn her father.

The next day Vika did not come to school. The chairman of the district committee, however, appeared, and the meeting had to begin. The guys learned from Valendra that Romakhin was practically fired. At that moment, Zina, sent for Vika, returned and reported that Lyuberetskaya was dead.

Chapter Eight

The investigation into Vicky's death lasted for 24 hours. From the note the girl left, it was clear that she had poisoned herself with sleeping pills. Now Iskra realized that on Sunday Vika was saying goodbye to her friends. In the days remaining before the funeral, the children did not appear at school.

Artyom’s mother helped arrange the funeral. It was not possible to get the car. On the day of the funeral, Romakhin closed the school, and a crowd of schoolchildren, led by the director, carried the coffin through the entire city. The boys replaced each other, only Zhora Landys traveled the entire way without ever changing. Iskra’s mother forbade Iskra to “arrange a memorial service,” but at the cemetery the girl could not stand it and began to read Yesenin’s poems loudly. Then Artyom and Zhorka planted a rosehip bush at the head of the grave. Only Sashka Stameskin was not at the funeral.

At home, Iskra was waiting for a notice on a registered parcel, written in a vaguely familiar handwriting. Soon the enraged comrade Polyakova returned home. She found out about the poems that her daughter read in the cemetery and wanted to flog Iskra. She threatened that she would leave the house, and the woman was frightened - despite the severity, she loved her daughter very much.

Chapter Nine

The parcel was from Vicki. The neat package contained two books and a letter. One book turned out to be a collection of Yesenin’s poems, the author of the second was the writer Green, unknown to Iskra, about whom Vika had once told her. In the letter, the girl explained why she decided to take such a step. It was easier for her to die than to renounce her father, whom the girl endlessly respected and loved. For her, there was “no worse betrayal than the betrayal of her father.” Vika admitted that she always wanted to be friends with Iskra, but did not dare to get close to her. Now she said goodbye to her only friend and left her her favorite books as souvenirs.

Nikolai Grigoryevich Romakhin was indeed fired. He walked around the school and said goodbye to each class. Valendra was triumphant - she expected to occupy the director's office again. At the last lesson, she tried to force Zinochka to sit in Vika’s place, but then the whole class unanimously rebuffed her. She became a stranger “so much so that they no longer even loved her,” and lost her former confidence. Even Valentina Andronovna’s solid teaching experience did not help. She was scared and for some time she was officially cold and very polite with 9 “B”.

Iskra, who was not at school that day, was taken for a walk by Stameskin. This time the girl was finally convinced that Sashka was a coward and did not want to have anything to do with the daughter of an enemy of the people, or with those who stood up for her. Iskra cried all the way home from disappointment.

Valentina Andronovna did not triumph for long - Romakhin soon returned to his post, but became unusually quiet and gloomy. No one guessed that Kovalenko had returned the director, knocking on the doorsteps of offices for a whole week and threatening to go all the way to the Moscow Central Committee. No one was sitting at Vicky’s desk. Sashka Stameskin silently brought the fence for the grave, welded at the factory, and Zhorka painted it “in the most cheerful blue paint.”

The director was not present at the demonstration in honor of November 7th. The guys went to his house and found out that Romakhin had been expelled from the party. The neighbor explained that the primary organization had done this, and Comrade Polyakova from the city committee promised to look into it, but the director was depressed, and then Iskra sang a song about the Red cavalrymen. For the rest of the day they sang revolutionary songs, and then Romakhin treated the guys to tea.

Gradually everything fell into its own rut. Romakhin was not expelled from the party, but he stopped smiling. At first Valentina Andronovna ingratiated herself with the class, but gradually it became a formality. At the end of November, handsome Yurka burst into the classroom and announced that Lyuberetsky had been released. Having somehow calmed down Landys, the guys went to Vika’s house. Lyuberetsky did not understand why these children came to him until he saw the entire class, 45 people, under the windows. They told him about last days Vicki. Zinochka said that this year is a leap year, and the next one will probably be better. The next was 1941.

Epilogue

After 40 years, the author went to his hometown for a reunion and remembered. Of their company, Valka “Edisson”, Zina and Pashka Ostapchuk survived. Artyom Shefer died blowing up a bridge. Zhora Landys was a fighter pilot. Iskra was a liaison for the underground, led by Romakhin. The Polyakovs were hanged by the Germans - first the mother, then the daughter. Zinochka Kovalenko gave birth to two sons - Artyom and Zhora. Sashka Stameskin became a big man, the director of a large aircraft plant. And Edison became not a great inventor, but a watchmaker and “the most accurate time in the city was with former students of the once sadly famous 9 “B”.

How blind faith in communism was brought up (based on Boris Vasiliev’s story “Tomorrow there was a war”)

B. Vasiliev was born in 1924. Soviet and Russian writer. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1975). Based on his works, such famous films as “Officers” (1971), “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” (1972, 2005), “Don’t Shoot the White Swans” (1980), “Aty-Bati, the Soldiers Came” (1976), "Whose are you, old man?" (1988), and others.

Boris Vasiliev's story "Tomorrow there was a war" was first published in the magazine "Youth", 1984, No. 6. In the story, the author writes about his peers. He himself finished 9th grade on the eve of the war, so he knew well both life and the problems of his time, which he reflected in the book.

It was with children and teenagers that the formation of the so-called “Soviet man” began - a person who must blindly believe in communism and not spare either himself, much less others, for the sake of this faith. The picture of the life of a Soviet person is so unsightly that without blind faith it is impossible to believe in its correctness and justice.

In many Soviet films one can trace a certain emotional “strain”. This state was typical of many Soviet people. For example, the Soviet series "Eternal Call", based on the work of Anatoly Ivanov, is filled with endless suffering of the main characters. Or another series, “Shadows Disappear at Noon,” in which heroes from childhood to old age fight class enemies. The whole life of a Soviet person is a permanent struggle: with obvious enemies, with hidden enemies, with circumstances, with devastation, with hunger, etc. Even if at some moments enlightenment comes, and it seems to become a little better, this is a temporary phenomenon, because in the next moment you will have to fight again, denying yourself everything, not for life, but for death, for the sake of some “bright future”, which is unknown, who will wait and when. Who brought the country to ruin? Father Tsar? Priests and monks? Bourgeois? No, they destroyed it" old world“It is precisely the Bolsheviks, and therefore, it is they who are the culprits of the devastation and everything that the Soviet people fought without sparing their lives in these works.

The “old world” that the Bolsheviks so diligently destroyed did not deserve to be destroyed at all. Overall, the struggle that led to 1917 was a struggle for power. A group of people who, despite their numerical minority, began to proudly call themselves “Bolsheviks,” would never have won if the general decline of morals in Russia had not prepared the way for their victory. And then they needed to maintain their victory. And in order to gain a foothold, it was necessary to instill in people a faith in communism - much more blind than faith in God. It’s easier to instill such a faith in the younger generation, from childhood. And examples of this blind faith can be found in Vasiliev’s work “Tomorrow there was a war.”

Iskra asks her mother if absolute truths exist. The mother demands that the question be specified, because in such a context it is difficult to answer.

"So a person lives in the name of truth?

We do. We, the Soviet people, have discovered the immutable truth that the party teaches us. So much blood has been shed for her and so much torment has been accepted that to argue with her, much less to doubt, means to betray those who died and... and will die again. This truth is our strength and our pride. Spark. Did I understand your question correctly?"

It is noteworthy that Iskra’s mother asked her to specify the question. But she herself did not give a concrete answer, but, on the contrary, an absolutely abstract one. And just such an abstract answer implies the need for blind faith - in communist ideals. There is a certain truth that “Comrade Polyakova” herself cannot determine. And according to Polyakova Sr., evidence of this certain truth, which is never specifically named, should not be sought.

“We must teach the truth itself, and not the methods of proving it. This is casuistry. A person devoted to our truth will, if necessary, defend it with arms in hand. This is what needs to be taught.”

It turns out to be blind faith in some “truth” that the Bolsheviks discovered. The absurdity of such a statement is illustrated by the answer of Zinochka, who has a simple and unpretentious mind:

"Who declares that the truth is the truth? Well, who? Who?

“The elders,” said Zinochka. - And the elders are their bosses..."

Zinochka, despite some frivolity, is precisely a real product of the ideology that the Bolsheviks so diligently instill in the brains of their citizens. For Zinochka everything is clear. And for many like her, most likely, too. This belief that the Bolsheviks know a certain “truth” that simply exists and does not require proof is instilled in children. And no one answers the direct question of what kind of “truth” this is. This position is logical because if something concrete is put in place of the abstract “truth” in which one must unconditionally believe, then a thinking person may want to think: is the “truth” that is offered to him really the truth? Lyuberetsky, Vika's father, begins to think - and this ends with his arrest and the destruction of his family.

Perhaps this truth states that the Communist Party is always right. This is a clear example of the fact that communism must be accepted blindly, on faith, any evidence is prohibited, and therefore it is declared that it is not required. Either you accept communist truths without evidence, or you are a class enemy, regardless of whether you are a woman or a man. By the way, the phrase “class enemy” does not have a feminine gender.

When Iskra talks about the presumption of innocence, that every person is innocent until proven guilty, Iskra's mother vehemently objects to this and basically says that evidence is prohibited and that only blind and unconditional faith is required from everyone. That is why the concept of the “presumption of innocence” is something that a devout communist rebels against. After all, the “presumption of innocence” presupposes that guilt must be proven. But the communists need them to say: “this is the enemy!” - and they took their word for it, without requiring any proof.

This belief is instilled in school because children are more malleable.

Here is the speech of a true, convinced communist, a school principal, who speaks about a boy who hit a girl:

“I don’t know who is standing in front of you. Maybe it’s a future criminal, or maybe it’s the father of a family and an exemplary person. But I know one thing: now it’s not a man standing in front of you. Guys and girls, remember this and be careful with him. With him You can’t be friends, because he will betray, you can’t love him, because he’s a scoundrel, you can’t trust him, because he will cheat. And this will happen until he proves to us that he understands what abomination he has committed, until he becomes a real man.”

That's well said! I want to believe in this; moreover, it is very useful for the younger generation. But what happens next? And then the director begins to explain what a real man is:

"And so that he understands what a real man is, I will remind him. A real man is one who loves only two women. Yes, two, what a laugh! His mother and the mother of his children. A real man is one who loves that country, in which he was born. A real man is one who will give his last ration of bread to a friend, even if he himself is destined to die of hunger. A real man is one who loves and respects all people and hates the enemies of these people. These are the most important things in life!"

These words are made up of beautiful slogans and an ideology built on lies, with the help of which blind faith is instilled. The most unpleasant combination: “truth seasoned with lies.”

The school principal says the words: “A real man should love only two women: his mother and the mother of his children.” Is it possible to agree with this? If the director had said: “You should love only one woman: your wife,” everything would be clear - we are talking about carnal love. This would mean that a man must be faithful to his wife, in other words, we would be talking about intimate relationships, marriage. But he also talks about the mother, therefore, the concept of “love” contains a broader meaning. But then why should a man love only two women? From a purely human standpoint, he must love all women. What to do with daughters, sisters, aunts, relatives, and just acquaintances? Should he hate them or be indifferent to them?

The Bible says: “Love your neighbor...” But in the words of the director we see too narrow, specific meaning. A man must love two women, and with the rest he can do whatever the party and government order him, because he is not obliged to love others, and therefore, according to orders, he must hate, torture, shoot (as class enemies). In this example, we see the upbringing of a Soviet schoolchild during the Stalin era, to whom it is once again emphasized that he should under no circumstances “love his neighbor.” What if your neighbor turns out to be a class enemy, or an unreliable person from the point of view of the Communist Party? And there are no exceptions for women here either. And if an exception can be made, then only for two - no more. You can even explain why we are talking about mother and wife.

It is very difficult to make a person hate his mother. Just like a wife - a woman for whom he has not only a spiritual, but also a carnal attraction, which he needs as a man. That is why love for these two categories of women is allowed. Moreover, no one will argue with the statement that you need to love your mother or wife. “Only two women,” the director emphasizes. "Only"! And if a man also loves his sister or daughter, does that mean he is no longer a “real man”? From the director's speech it appears that this is so. True, another question arises: why then is it considered that the boy acted badly by hitting the girl? She is not his mother or his wife, and he is not obliged to love her. Who knows, maybe he “saw” the future “enemy of the people” in her. But schoolchildren are unlikely to be able to ask such questions. It’s easier for them to take the director’s word for it, because he is an authority.

But that's not all. What about the following phrase: “A real man is one who loves and respects all people and hates the enemies of these people”? The first statement contradicts the second. All people - that means, no longer “just” two women. “Hates enemies” - and who are these enemies, if you have to love everyone? Or does the concept of “all people” include only mother, wife and other men? But then all other women fall into the category of “enemies of these people”: sisters, acquaintances, relatives, co-workers, etc.

If you look for an answer to the question of who “everyone” a man is obliged to love, we can come to the conclusion that probably by “people” we mean only those who are faithful to Soviet ideology. The rest, probably, constitute those very “enemies of these people” whom the school director does not want to recognize as people.

The illogicality of the director's phrases implies that the children should simply believe him. It is uncritical to believe, because his words do not stand up to critics.

Faith in communism implies that a person must follow the precepts of the Communist Party in everything, and if necessary, crush and strangle class enemies, no matter who they are: family, friends, acquaintances, strangers. And if you love someone, then it’s your native party and the ideas of communism. Belief in communism implies that in order to defeat class enemies, one can bear false witness. How else can we explain the many people repressed based on someone else’s denunciation, which often does not correspond to the truth? Other people's property does not exist at all for communists. The food surplus workers went to dispossess them and took away everything they had, leaving not a gram or a crumb. And no one was tormented by the conscience that he was taking away his neighbor’s goods.

Always and at all times there were people who killed, robbed, bore false witness, etc. But this was not the norm, this was not correct. By killing, a person understood that he was committing a sin, a crime. The thief, taking away someone else's property, understood that he was a thief. At all times, both murder and theft were condemned. And if someone needed to justify murder and theft, they put themselves in a kind of “exceptional” position, using faith as the most convenient means. For example, the Catholic Inquisition in the Middle Ages came up with a “witch hunt,” which they were supposedly “commanded” by God Himself, and the communists came up with a hunt for “enemies of the people,” which supposedly must be carried out for a “bright future.” Both the Inquisition and the communists are united by the fact that they made murder and theft the norm, moreover, they made it an obligation for their fellow citizens. If you see someone who deviates from the tenets of the communists, then he is an enemy! And you are obliged to inform on him, by order to kill him, to take away his property. Perhaps the communists should not have criticized the medieval Inquisition so much. They (the communists) acted on the same principles as the “inquisitor fathers”, only on a larger scale.

Communism is a faith. Blind faith that does not tolerate criticism. And in the work of B. Vasiliev it is well indicated how this faith was implanted in the generation Soviet people, and how those who tried to argue with blind faith and seek evidence suffered, being arrested and losing their loved ones. Vasiliev in his story depicts the same emotional anguish as other works. The tear in which Soviet people lived. He was forced not only to constantly overcome everyday difficulties, but also to live in constant fear that a black car would arrive at night and take away one of your loved ones, and you would be forced to believe that they were “enemies of the people” and publicly renounce them. Even if your own eyes, your feelings tell you that all this is a lie.

Quotes from: Vasiliev B. Tomorrow there was a war

Cherepanova Tatyana.

Essay-review. Boris Vasiliev's stories are timeless, as they touch upon universal human problems, which is what the student tried to identify.

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“Touch the feat with your heart”

(Essay based on Boris Vasiliev’s story “Tomorrow there was a war”)

Cherepanova Tatyana

If I'm sad, I'm sad,

I passionately wish you love,

If I strive, I take risks,

That means she's still alive.

If it hurts me

A wound like a knife

This soul hurts

So it's still alive...

The works of B. Vasiliev are well known to readers all over the world. They contain not only the truth about the pre- and post-war generations. There is something more to them. These are unique philosophical parables about love, friendship, betrayal, about “what is good and what is bad,” what a person should do in a difficult situation in order to remain a Human, and much more. And these topics, you see, concern people at all times and in all countries.

The main characters of the story are students of grade 9B. It would seem that what is special in the lives of these ordinary schoolchildren? It seems like simple things - lessons, cheat sheets, dates and first kisses. But this is only at first glance. 9B is not just a class. This is a team, these are like-minded people. And the core of this partnership is Iskra Polyakova, a little revolutionary who lives in harmony with her conscience, her truth, who has her own opinion on everything. Iskra's mother, a Bolshevik since 1917, raises her daughter on the immutable communist truths; she always has a ready-made solution and plan of action for everything. This is a “knight without fear and reproach” in the Soviet version. But life is preparing a serious, “adult” test for the children. Vika Lyuberetskaya is in trouble - her father was arrested and accused of theft. It's 1940, Stalin's repressions, and everyone knows how such arrests turn out. According to the tradition of the morality of that time, everyone had to turn away from Vika as the daughter of an “enemy of the people.” But Iskra firmly says: “Vika has nothing to do with it,” and everyone agrees, doing it completely sincerely. The simplicity of the solution is not easy for Iskra. If she turned away from Vika, life could become much easier. There will be no ice of misunderstanding with the mother, there will be no problems with the Komsomol, disobedience to Valentina Andronovna, to the class teacher. But Iskra never looks for simple paths, she looks for the right path. But, oddly enough, it is not her mother who teaches her to search, think, doubt, but Vika with the poems of Sergei Yesenin, her father with great love for his daughter (Iskra has never known fatherly love). With Sashka Stameskin, everything was clear: the guy needed to be re-educated, period. The only question is time. And Iskra, purely intuitively (Makarenko would be envious) brilliantly solves the most difficult pedagogical problem. But Vika and her father turn Iskra’s whole life upside down. Could she have thought just recently that she would firmly say: “I will not hold a Komsomol meeting.” After all, at this meeting Vika must be branded as the daughter of an “enemy of the people.” But Iskra does not consider her an enemy, and yet her mother teaches that words should not diverge from deeds and thoughts. In this whole story with the Lyuberetskys, Iskra once again proves that she is an individual, a person who has the right to choose. It’s just that for some reason these “correct” choices make my heart hurt and bleed so much, I feel so short of air.

All people in their lives rarely or often make a choice between “how they should” and “how I want.” 9B made his choice. How many troubles befell the guys! Artem “taught” Yurka from 10A a lesson with his fists for a long tongue, and now Artem is threatened with expulsion, the class is going into open disobedience, a conflict with “Valendra”, they are defending the disgraced director Nikolai Grigorievich, who, for all his eccentricities, is a teacher from God. But all this is their choice, albeit a difficult one. Here is not just youthful maximalism, here is something else - a worthy Human choice. This is an act for which yesterday’s children can and should be respected. And both the parents, Zinochka Kovalenko and Iskra Polyakova, understood this very well. Not every adult is capable of such an act. They proved that the children did not make a random choice a year later, when the war began. They proved everything, even the silent excellent student Vovik Khramov, whose presence was not always noticed. Half the class died, but they are not forgotten. They are on the memorial plaque at school, they are in the memory of the heart, they are in Zina’s sons Artem and Zhorka. Therefore, time has no power over 9B, this front-line generation, which remains forever young.

Time is a concept that runs through the entire story of B. Vasiliev. We understand how relative this concept is. In B. Vasiliev’s work this is characteristic of almost all of his works; they seem to lack a final point. The ellipsis just begs to be written down on paper. A writer can even include the incompleteness of a phrase in the title (“And the dawns here are quiet…”). But in the story “Tomorrow there was a war,” B. Vasiliev associated special thoughts and feelings with the category of time. During the Great Patriotic War, many people accomplished feats; they are remembered, proud of, and admired. And 9B accomplished such a feat even earlier, in a peaceful life, but such a difficult one. And this is doubly worthy of admiration. And time, with reflections on which B. Vasiliev ends the story, placing a peculiar emphasis on it, becomes not just a philosophical category. Time is a person’s compass in life, it is Conscience, which you cannot lie to. And these girls and boys didn’t lie, they were honest with themselves. The more monstrous and unfair their death seems - be it Valka Alexandrov, who was burning in a tank, or Vika Lyuberetskaya, who committed suicide. Time puts everything in its place. The bully Sashka Stameskin became the director of the largest automobile plant. But Iskra Polyakova helped him believe in himself and make his dream come true - another proof that good deeds and good people do not die. They are immortal. Therefore, it is difficult to disagree with the Iranian poet Saadi:

Everyone who lives will leave,

Only he is immortal

Who is the glory of good

He will find it in his lifetime.

9B gained this fame... Perhaps someone will say: “What heroes they are, everyone did this in the war, that’s why we won. Here are Sailors, Talalikhin and others - these are the heroes, the whole world knows them.”(1) . We do not argue with this, but our Victory was forged by everyone - both famous and not so famous. There shouldn't just be forgotten heroes.

We know a lot about war, and we know little about war. War is the greatest barbarity of man. War is blood, anger, hatred. There are different wars: aggressive and liberating, large and small, local. The only thing that is never small is the price paid for victory or defeat. We live in the 21st century, it would seem that now all problems should be resolved peacefully, but now there are still wars. Come to your senses, people! Have pity on yourself and those who have not yet come, but will come into this world! Don't destroy life on earth!

1.–Young heroes of the Great Patriotic War. M., 1970 (Series ZhZL).

Characteristics of Sashka Stameskin? from the book "And Tomorrow There Was War" and got the best answer

Reply from N[guru]
Just a year ago, the name of Sashka Stameskin was bowed at all teacher councils, appeared in all reports and stared at the world from a black board installed in the school lobby.
Sasha was a bully and a reckless boy, but after Iskra took him under her wing, he reformed.
The story of B. L. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was a war”
The main part is a story about the author's life, written as if he were pulling out memories one after another from his memory box. Starting to describe classmates or some incident, he switches to earlier events, then returns to it again, and so on. Together with the writer, we move first to the third, then to the fifth, then to the ninth grade, recalling in fits and starts past events. Despite such an unusual and complex structure, these memories do not confuse us, do not allow us to get lost in a rather complex chain of reasoning, or lose the thread of the narrative, but, on the contrary, they develop surprisingly deftly and accurately, making up the complete nature of the story, which undoubtedly testifies to the skill of the writer .
The epilogue sums up the story, sharply, but nevertheless harmoniously flowing into the content. We find ourselves again almost forty years ahead, in 1972, reflecting with the author on the past.
Several classmates are at the center of the story. Iskra Polyakova is a lively and purposeful girl who dreams of becoming a commissar, an excellent student, an activist, and a wall newspaper editor. Her friends always go to her for advice, and Iskra has an accurate and precise answer for everyone, a solution to the most insoluble problems and questions. True, at the end of the story, Iskra changes greatly; she begins to doubt the “truths” that her mother so diligently instilled in her. That is, Iskra is gradually growing up.
Zina Kovalenko is flighty and fickle. Spark said that she was a real girl. Zina solves all her questions either with the help of Iskra, or by trusting her unmistakable intuition. But she also begins to grow up, feels that the boys like her, and at the end of the story even acquires the independence and prudence of Iskra.
Vika Lyuberetskaya is the most mysterious and incomprehensible girl for her classmates. She seemed to be morally older than them and therefore had no friends until the ninth grade. Vika admires her father, considers him an ideal, and loves him to the point of oblivion. The worst thing for her is to doubt her father. And when he is arrested, Vika commits suicide not out of whim, but as an adult.
Girls grow up first physically and then mentally. Boys grow up somewhat differently; they seem to follow their older classmates. So, Iskra takes the hooligan Sasha Stameskin under his wing, makes him an excellent student, enrolls him in the aviation club, and then helps him get a job at an aircraft factory.
Zhora Landys, a loyal friend and assistant to all the boys in the class, falls in love with Vika and strives to grow up. The same process happens with some other guys.
In principle, we can say that the initiator of all these age-related changes was involuntarily the new school director - Nikolai Grigorievich Romakhin. His unusual upbringing system does not hinder the growing up and spiritual search of children, but, on the contrary, provokes growing up.
The antipode of Romakhin in the story is class teacher and literature teacher Valentina Andropovna (Valendra, as the guys call her). She is not satisfied with the new principal's routine at school. In an almost open struggle with him, she used all means, for example, writing denunciations to higher authorities, arguing and the like. However, Valentina Andropovna cannot be considered negative character. The author writes that she absolutely sincerely believed in the correctness of her beliefs, that the new director was ruining the school. And this sincerity ultimately allowed her to find a common language with the matured class and change