Measles vaccination for adults. Emergency preventive measures. Measles vaccination for adults.

Measles is a dangerous viral infection with airborne transmission that claims more than hundreds of thousands of lives in the world every year. Therefore, every sane person has the question “should I get vaccinated against measles?” should not arise. The answer is clear, since vaccination against measles is the only protection against a dangerous infection.

What is measles?

The causative agent of the infection is an RNA virus. Although the disease is considered a childhood disease, adults are also infected with it, and in the absence of vaccination against measles, the disease is characterized by a severe course and the development of complications.

The virus is released from the patient's body through droplets of mucus from the nose when sneezing or coughing, or saliva when talking. Moreover, an infected person becomes contagious at the end of the incubation period, when there are no manifestations of the disease yet.

Measles begins with symptoms that are characteristic of respiratory diseases:

• high fever (up to 40 °C);
• pain and sore throat;
• runny nose;
• dry cough;
• malaise, weakness;
• headache.

Specific signs are:

• photophobia and conjunctivitis;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• on the second day of illness, rashes appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks in the form of whitish small spots (Filatov-Koplik spots), resembling grains of semolina, they disappear after a day;
• a rash on the skin of the face on the 4th or 5th day of infection, then spreading gradually downwards: to the neck, torso, on the 3rd day of the rash - on the extremities with a predominance along the extensor surface with a tendency to merge.

After 3 days, the rash disappears in the same sequence, leaving pigmentation. Like any infection, measles reduces immunity, so a bacterial infection can occur.

And the worst part is that infants are most affected by the infection, followed by ages 1 to 2: Babies were once protected by mothers who had acquired natural immunity to measles and could pass it on to their child during the neonatal period, but this is no longer the case. In addition, children aged 1 to 2 years are not even protected from vaccines containing viruses other than the wild viral strains that circulate, and develop measles at an age where neurological problems are more common. Ironically, this is why we are told that we must vaccinate and protect these children!

Complications of measles can include:

• pneumonia (caused by measles infection or bacterial);
• bronchitis;
• keratitis with subsequent loss of vision in every 5th patient;
• sinusitis;
• meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain) and meningoencephalitis (inflammation spreads to the substance of the brain);
• eustachitis or otitis and consequences in the form of hearing loss;
• pyelonephritis (inflammation of the urinary tract).

Measles is more severe in young children. Maternal antibodies protect the baby only for 3 months (if the mother has had measles). After infection, lasting immunity remains.

There is no effective antiviral. When measles occurs in 0.6% of unvaccinated adults, the disease is complicated by encephalitis (brain damage), which is fatal in 25%.

When is the measles vaccine given?

Routine measles vaccination for children is carried out according to the Russian vaccination calendar at the age of 12-15 months. In the absence of contraindications, the measles vaccine is administered again at 6 years of age (booster vaccination).

Due to a significant increase in the incidence of measles among adults and severe consequences after the disease in Russia since 2014. a decision was made to vaccinate adults against measles. The increase in incidence is associated with a decrease in immunity after immunization.

According to the national program, measles vaccination for adults should be given free of charge to persons under 35 years of age who have not previously had measles and have not been vaccinated, or do not have documented proof of vaccination. Adults of other age categories can also be vaccinated, but vaccination is paid for.

Many people are interested in the question: how many times are adults vaccinated against measles? For adults, routine vaccination with a monovaccine is given twice with a break of 3 months. If previously a person received only one vaccination, then he is vaccinated again, that is, twice. Revaccination is not given to adults.

Unscheduled or emergency vaccination is carried out according to epidemiological indications, regardless of the vaccination schedule.

Like the whooping cough vaccine, the measles vaccine does not produce strong local immunity in the respiratory tract, so it can be concluded that vaccinated subjects will not have the same level of resistance if reexposed to the virus. This is exactly what has been observed in numerous whooping cough studies.

But this has not yet been studied for measles. Why is this thing so important? For the same reason why antibiotics create mutant bacteria, and they do so much more "effectively" in those who are treated more often, allowing the surviving bacteria to have enough time to fool the antibiotic and change its character. This is now scientific evidence, especially for antibiotics and antibacterial vaccines, and it is a reality that has emerged in a relatively short period of time. With viral vaccines, due to the nature of the pathogen and the immune interaction, the time interval for the first manifestations of the phenomenon was much longer, but it has now begun and is becoming obvious.

Emergency immunization is carried out:

1. In the outbreak area, all contact persons are vaccinated, regardless of age (free of charge), including children over one year old who have not been vaccinated against measles or do not have documented proof of vaccination. The vaccine is administered within 3 days after contact.
2. A newborn born from a mother whose blood does not have anti-measles antibodies. Such a child is vaccinated again at 8 months. and at 14-15 months, and then according to the calendar.
3. When planning a trip abroad, vaccination should be done a month before departure.

Where do you get the measles vaccine?

When vaccinating, the rules for administering the vaccine must be followed. For children, 0.5 ml of the drug is injected into the subscapular region or along the outer surface of the shoulder between the lower and middle third.

For adults, the drug is injected into the muscle or subcutaneously in the upper 1/3 of the shoulder. Injection into the buttock is not recommended due to excessive development of subcutaneous fat. It is not advisable for the vaccine to be injected intradermally. Its administration into a vein is also contraindicated.

Vaccination of both children and adults is carried out with written consent (of the patient, parents). In case of refusal of vaccination, it is also registered in in writing. Moreover, the written refusal for the same vaccination is updated annually.

How long does measles immunization last?

A two-time administration of measles vaccine ensures the formation of immunity in more than 90% of vaccinated children. Vaccination or post-vaccination immunity is valid for 12 years (but may last longer).

There are cases of sufficient levels of protective antibodies 25 years after vaccination. It is important that children are protected preschool age, in whom the disease is severe and with complications.

In rare cases, measles may also affect vaccinated individuals. This more often occurs with a single injection of the vaccine or when the body’s immune forces decrease under the influence of any factors. But the disease in this case is mild, without the risk of serious complications.

Types of measles vaccines

The measles vaccine is made from weakened but live measles viruses. Both single vaccines (measles only) and combined vaccines (protecting against measles, rubella and mumps) are used. The vaccine virus cannot cause disease; it only promotes the production of specific anti-measles antibodies.

Features of live vaccines:

• the vaccine requires compliance with storage temperature regime(not higher than +4 °C) so that the vaccine does not lose its properties;
• unused vaccine residues are destroyed according to special rules;
• Vaccines contain antibiotics and egg whites, which can cause allergic reactions in people intolerant to these components.

Russian-made vaccines are supplied to vaccination rooms at clinics - live measles monovaccine and mumps-measles vaccine.

Imported vaccines (also live) can also be used:

• measles monovaccine " Ruwax"(France);
• combination vaccine MMR II(USA or Holland);
• « Priorix» - combined vaccine (Belgium or Great Britain).

Combination vaccines are convenient because the child only gets one shot rather than three. Complex vaccines can be interchanged: vaccination is carried out with one type of vaccine, and another can be used for revaccination. The monovaccine causes fewer adverse reactions.

Priorix or MMR II vaccines can be used for both children and adults. Adults (no matter their age) are given a single dose of 0.5 ml. It is recommended to revaccinate every 10 years. Imported vaccines are paid for by the patients (parents) themselves.

Contraindications to measles vaccination

Children should not be vaccinated if:

• acute infection or exacerbation of chronic pathology (up to a month after complete recovery or achievement of remission);
• primary immunodeficiency;
• acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS);
• administration of blood products and immunoglobulin (vaccination is postponed for 3 months);
• severe complication of a previous vaccination;
• intolerance to aminoglycoside antibiotics and chicken protein;
• malignant disease.

Measles vaccination for adults is contraindicated if:

• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• allergies to chicken and quail egg whites;
• antibiotic intolerance;
• allergic reaction to a previous vaccination;
• HIV infection in the AIDS stage;
• malignant diseases.

Vaccination is postponed for 1 month. after an acute infection or exacerbation of a chronic pathology.

Possible reactions to vaccination

A distinction must be made between reactions to vaccination and complications associated with vaccination. The reaction to the measles vaccine can be general or local.

1. Typical reaction after vaccination in adults (1-5 days):

• redness and swelling at the injection site;
• temperature rise within 37.5 °C;
• slight malaise;
• cough, runny nose;
• occasionally skin rashes.

1. Dangerous consequences of vaccination:

• hives;
• Quincke's edema;
• anaphylactic shock.

1. Severe consequences that occur extremely rarely:

• pneumonia (pneumonia);
• myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle);
• encephalitis (inflammation of the brain);
• meningitis (inflammation of the meninges).

Reaction to vaccination in children:

• redness and swelling at the injection site;
• rare cough, conjunctivitis, runny nose;
• sometimes a skin rash;
• malaise, loss of appetite;
• fever (may occur immediately or after 6 days).

The expression of the reaction can be of varying degrees:

• mild: fever up to 37.5°C, but no other manifestations;
• moderate severity: temperature rise to 38.5 °C, other manifestations are moderate;
• strong: high temperature and pronounced but not lasting signs of intoxication, rashes, cough, conjunctivitis (the reaction may appear on days 6-11 and last up to 5 days).

Complications after vaccination may include:

• convulsions at elevated temperatures;
• post-vaccination encephalitis;
• allergic reactions up to Quincke's edema;
• exacerbation of allergic diseases (allergic dermatitis, bronchial asthma).

Complications may be associated with intolerance to vaccine components, ignoring contraindications to vaccination, or with the quality of the vaccine.

• mandatory medical examination of a child or adult before vaccination;
• limiting visits to crowded places (3-5 days) to avoid the emergence of another infection;
• hypoallergenic diet and exclusion of new foods.

For post-vaccination reactions, antipyretic and antiallergic drugs can be used. At the slightest manifestation of complications, you should consult a doctor.

Because the measles vaccine is live, some parents and adult patients fear serious complications after receiving it. The list of possible consequences of vaccination only increases fear and encourages people to refuse vaccination. In reality, it is still necessary to assess the risk of complications after vaccination and complications after the measles disease itself.

For example, one of the most severe complications is encephalitis– occurs after vaccination with a frequency of 1 case per 1,000,000 vaccinated people, and after contracting measles, the danger for a child with respect to encephalitis increases 1000 times.

The measles vaccine is effective and protects children and adults from such a dangerous infection. Thanks to vaccinations, the incidence and mortality from measles have decreased. All this must be soberly weighed before writing a refusal and leaving the child or yourself without protection.

Anna Khrustaleva, Today, 11:24

Measles is an acute viral disease. It is one of the most contagious diseases. A child can get measles if he has been in a room where there was a sick person 2 hours before. Almost all contacts (98%) lead to illness. Transmitted by airborne droplets. Transmission through a third party or contaminated items is uncommon.

In the absence of vaccination, almost all children contract measles, usually at an early age.

Children in the first year of life are usually protected by transplacental immunity (if the mother previously had measles or was vaccinated against it), which remains in the child until the age of 1 year.

The measles virus only affects humans; it is localized first on the epithelium of the nasopharynx and conjunctiva. As the virus multiplies, it penetrates regional lymph nodes and blood.

The incubation period begins 9-11 days before the first signs of the disease appear. A sick person is contagious 2-4 days before the rash appears and remains so throughout the acute period.

Measles is a serious disease with a high mortality rate. After the disease, lifelong immunity develops.

Complications

In 30% of cases, measles leads to complications. The most common complications occur in children under 5 years of age and people over 20 years of age.

The most common complications are pneumonia, otitis and other bacterial infections, as well as blindness, hearing damage, mental retardation. People with measles are especially susceptible to streptococcal infection .

In one case per 1000-2000 cases, measles is registered encephalitis(usually 2-21 days after the rash appears), often starting with fever, seizures, and coma.

One in a hundred thousand people who have had measles develops a severe chronic disease - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis(PSPE). It develops months and years after measles infection, causing intellectual degradation, convulsive seizures, motor disorders; The disease usually ends in death.

The disease is dangerous for pregnant women. If a pregnant woman gets measles, the probability of miscarriage and fetal abnormalities is about 20%.

Virulent the effect of the virus is enhanced by poor socio-economic living conditions.

Around the world, measles occupies first place in mortality, mortality is especially high in developing countries. Death from measles in industrialized countries - 1-2 per 1000 cases of the disease, and in developing countries it can reach 10%. In total, according to WHO, in 1995, 2 million deaths from measles were registered.

The measles virus (like many other viruses) prefers nervous tissue to reproduce. Viral meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the brain and meninges) is another sad " business card"measles. According to WHO estimates, every 15 seconds in the world 1 child dies from measles encephalitis, more than 2 million children die per year. Mortality with brain damage reaches 40%. Other complications are stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa), pneumonia (pneumonia ).

Complications. The main cause of death from measles (1-3 per 1000 cases in developed countries) are complications such as pneumonia (inflammation of the bronchi and lungs), severe diarrhea (diarrhea), and malnutrition. Measles can lead to lifelong disability due to brain damage, as well as blindness (due to damage to the sclera and cornea) and deafness.

Complications of measles
(according to WHO, 1986)

Vaccination against measles

Vaccination against measles is given to children who have not had measles at the age of 12-15 months. The second vaccination is administered at the age of 6 years (before school). Using a second dose of the vaccine protects children who have not been vaccinated (herd immunity) as well as those who do not develop immunity after the first dose. The administration of a second dose can to a certain extent boost the immunity obtained as a result of the first vaccination.

In the Russian calendar, the measles vaccine is administered simultaneously with vaccines against mumps, rubella and hepatitis B.

Vaccination effectiveness

With proper vaccination, immunity is developed in 95% of vaccinated people at the age of 12 months and in 98% of vaccinated people at the age of 15 months on days 21-28 after vaccination. Immunity lasts for more than 25 years; only in a very small number of vaccinated people does it fade away.

Adverse reactions

Measles vaccine is slightly reactogenic. In most children, vaccination is not accompanied by any reactions. However, in some cases (5-15% probability), the following reactions may occur (from 5 to 15 days after vaccination):

* increased body temperature (usually no higher than 39 C)
* catarrhal phenomena (cough, conjunctivitis, runny nose)
* light pink morbilliform rash (in 5% of children)
* children prone to allergic reactions may have a rash in the first hours after the vaccine is administered.

Vaccine reactions usually resolve within 2-3 days.

Regardless of the severity of the reaction, the child is not contagious to others.

Post-vaccination complications

Allergic reactions. Children with allergies may experience rash, urticaria, angioedema, etc. Anaphylatic shock reactions (to neomycin and chicken egg white) can be observed extremely rarely.

Cramps. When a temperature reaction to vaccination develops, predisposed children may develop febrile convulsions, usually lasting 1-2 minutes. Usually these seizures go away without consequences. To prevent this complication, the doctor usually prescribes paracetamol for children with a tendency to seizures from the 5th day after vaccination.

CNS lesions. Cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) have been described in children who have not had measles but received measles vaccine. In some of them, the cause of the disease may have been unrecognized measles during the first year of life or vaccination against measles. Given the estimated prevalence of measles vaccination, possible risk the development of SSPE during its implementation is about 1 case per million vaccine doses. This is significantly less than for measles - 6 - 22 cases of SSPE per million cases of measles. Results from a retrospective study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control suggest that measles vaccination generally prevents SSPE by reducing the incidence of measles at high risk for this complication.

Thrombocytopenia. It occurs extremely rarely (1 in 40,000) after using the trivaccine; it is usually associated with the influence of the rubella component. However, isolated cases of thrombocytopenia have been described with complete recovery even after the use of measles monovaccine.

Toxic shock syndrome. The described cases (including fatal ones) were the result of contamination of an open vaccine ampoule with Staphylococcus aureus.

Contraindications

1. Severe reactions or complications to a previous dose of the vaccine.

2. If the child received blood products (including immunoglobulins, blood plasma), then vaccination is carried out no earlier than 3 months after the administration of blood products.

3. Anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions to aminoglycosides (including neomycin - each dose of liquid vaccine contains about 25 mcg of this drug).

4. A history of anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions to eggs. A reaction to chicken egg white is a contraindication for the use of imported vaccines (since they are prepared using chicken embryos), but in this case you can get a Russian vaccine. Conversely, in case of a reaction to quail eggs, it is better to vaccinate with an imported vaccine.

5. Any acute disease or exacerbation of a chronic disease. However, in special cases (contact with a measles patient, etc.), vaccination can be given to children with mild forms of respiratory and other diseases (acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, etc.) even in the presence of low-grade fever.

6. Active untreated tuberculosis. However, a preliminary Mantoux test is not required before vaccination.

7. Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. After drug or radiation immunosuppression, the vaccine is administered no earlier than 3 months, and after the use of corticosteroids in high doses - no earlier than 1 month. after completion of the course of treatment. This contraindication does not apply to patients receiving corticosteroid replacement therapy, for example, for Addison's disease.

8. Patients with blood diseases, leukemia, lymphomas of any type, or other malignant tumors affecting the bone marrow or lymphatic system.

9. Primary and acquired immunodeficiency, including patients with AIDS or other clinical manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus; violation of cellular immunity; hypogammaglobulinemia or dysgammaglobulinemia. For those infected with HIV (without severe immunosuppression), vaccination is not contraindicated.

10. The presence of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiencies in the patient’s relatives, until his sufficient immunocompetence is proven.

11. Pregnancy due to a theoretical risk to the fetus.

Emergency prevention

Preferably administration of the measles vaccine in the first 3 days from the moment of contact with the patient, which is carried out on children over 12 months of age who have not had measles and who have not been vaccinated, adolescents and adults. In children aged 3-12 months, emergency prevention in the form of vaccination is also possible.

An alternative to vaccination is the administration of 1 or 2 doses (depending on the state of health and the time elapsed from the moment of contact) immunoglobulin a normal person. Used for children under one year of age, patients with immunodeficiency and pregnant women. This form of prophylaxis is most effective when administered before the 4th day after exposure.

List of vaccines

Measles vaccine cultural live dry
Manufacturer: Russia
Composition: at least 1000 TCD50 of measles virus (strain Leningrad-16 or Moscow-5), grown in embryonic cell culture of Japanese quails or quails of the “Pharaoh” line. Contains a small amount of neomycin or kanamycin (no more than 20 units) and a trace amount of bovine whey protein.

MMP II (measles, mumps and rubella vaccine)
Manufacturer: Merck Sharp & Dohme, USA
Composition: live attenuated viruses, including: standard measles viruses (Edmonston strain) - 1000 TCD50; standard mumps viruses (Jeryl Linn strain); standard rubella viruses (strain Wistar RA 27/3). Contains trace amounts of chicken protein and neomycin.

Priorix (vaccine for the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella)
Manufacturer: Smithkline Beecham, UK
Composition: live attenuated viruses, including: standard measles viruses (Schwarz strain) - 1000 TCD50; standard mumps viruses (strain RIT 43/85, derivative of Jeryl Linn); standard rubella viruses (strain Wistar RA 27/3) Contains trace amounts of chicken protein and neomycin.

Ruvax (measles vaccine)
Manufacturer: Aventis Pasteur, France
Composition: live attenuated measles virus (Schwarz strain) - 1000 TCD50. Contains trace amounts of chicken protein and neomycin.

Anna Khrustaleva, Today, 11:47

Ruvax vaccine for the prevention of measles (not available for retail sale in Russia).

Modern measles vaccines have almost 100% preventive effectiveness, despite the fact that the duration of immunity exceeds 20 years. Measles vaccination can be effective even during an epidemic if the vaccine is administered within the first 72 hours of infection.

The Ruvax vaccine is based on live attenuated measles viruses (vaccine strain Schwartz). These viruses are not transmitted from the vaccinated person to others and do not cause symptoms of natural measles. Preventive effectiveness reaches 100%.

Vaccination using the Ruvax vaccine is carried out from the age of 9 months (in accordance with the Russian National Vaccination Calendar, measles vaccination is carried out for children aged 1 year and 6 years). Vaccine prevention of measles is especially indicated for children who are constantly in organized groups, as well as children at risk (suffering from dystrophy or chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and respiratory systems).

Adverse reactions to the administration of the RUVAX vaccine may include: fever 5-12 days after vaccination, the appearance of a slight rash. All reactions resolve spontaneously within 1-2 days.

The Ruvax vaccine has been used since 1968 and is the main product for UNICEF vaccination programs. Ruvax production meets WHO requirements and GMP standards.

Anna Khrustaleva, Today, 12:06

Instructions for the drug

MEASLES VACCINE, cultured, live, a lyophilisate for preparing a solution for subcutaneous administration, is prepared by cultivating the vaccine strain of measles virus Leningrad-16 (L-16) on a primary cell culture of quail embryos.

Compound
One vaccination dose of the drug (0.5 ml) contains:
at least 1,000 TCD50 (tissue cytopathogenic doses) of measles virus;
stabilizer – a mixture of 0.04 ml of an aqueous solution of LS-18 and 0.01 ml of a 10% gelatin solution for injection;
Gentamicin sulfate – no more than 20 mcg.

Immunological properties
The vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies to the measles virus, which reach a maximum level 3-4 weeks after vaccination in at least 95% of vaccinated people. The drug meets WHO requirements.

Purpose
The vaccine is intended for routine and emergency prevention of measles.
Routine vaccinations are carried out twice: at the age of 12-15 months and 6 years for children who have not had measles.
Children born from mothers seronegative for the measles virus are vaccinated at the age of 8 months and then - in accordance with the vaccination calendar, at 14-15 months and 6 years.
Emergency prophylaxis is carried out for children from 12 months of age, adolescents and adults who have had contact with a person with measles, who have not had measles and have not previously been vaccinated against this infection. In the absence of contraindications, the vaccine is administered no later than 72 hours after contact with the patient.

Contraindications
severe forms of allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (gentamicin sulfate, etc.) and chicken eggs;
primary immunodeficiency conditions, malignant blood diseases and neoplasms;
severe reaction (temperature rise above 40°C, swelling, hyperemia more than 8 cm in diameter at the injection site) or complication of a previous vaccine administration;
pregnancy.

Note: HIV infection is not a contraindication to vaccination.

Warnings

Vaccinations are carried out:
after acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases - after the end of acute manifestations of the disease;
for mild forms of ARVI, acute intestinal diseases, etc. - immediately after the temperature has normalized;
after immunosuppressive therapy - 3-6 months after the end of treatment.

Vaccination against measles can be carried out simultaneously (on the same day) with other vaccinations National calendar(against mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis B, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus) or no earlier than 1 month after the previous vaccination.
After the administration of human immunoglobulin preparations, vaccinations against measles are carried out no earlier than 2 months later. After the administration of measles vaccine, immunoglobulin preparations can be administered no earlier than 2 weeks; If it is necessary to use immunoglobulin earlier than this period, measles vaccination should be repeated.
Persons temporarily exempt from vaccinations should be monitored and vaccinated after the contraindications are lifted.

Reaction to introduction

In most children, the vaccination process is asymptomatic. Some children may experience temperature reactions, mild hyperemia of the pharynx, and rhinitis from days 6 to 18; less often – coughing and conjunctivitis, lasting for 1-3 days. In isolated cases, mild malaise and a measles-like rash are observed. With mass use of the vaccine, an increase in body temperature above 38.5°C should not occur in more than 2% of vaccinated people. Local reactions are usually absent. In rare cases, slight skin hyperemia and mild swelling develop, which disappear after 1-3 days without treatment. Complications that develop extremely rarely include convulsive reactions, which most often occur 6-10 days after vaccination, usually against the background of high fever, and allergic reactions that occur in the first 24-48 hours in children with allergic reactivity.

That is, among 418 cases of measles in Russia in 2005:
20% - vaccinated
59% - have no information about vaccinations
31% - not vaccinated
[OH.]

More than 70% of measles cases in Russia occur in the Southern Federal District

26.04.2004
Refugees from hot spots become carriers of the infection. Adults and children have not been vaccinated there for many years. As for Rostov, 19 cases of measles were recorded here last year: 16 adults and 3 children suffered from it. This year, 5 people have been diagnosed with measles. Moreover, four of them are adults. The only way to combat measles is vaccination. Since March of this year, mass vaccination against measles began throughout the country. The vaccine is given to everyone who is under 35 years of age and who has not been vaccinated at school. This campaign will last until the end of the year, although in the Southern District it should end much earlier - on June 1. In general Russian doctors stated that they are ready to completely eradicate measles from the country by 2010. In the USA, by the way, this has already happened: the last case of measles was recorded there five years ago.
http://www.echorostova.ru/news/426.html

2007

In 2007, the trend of predominance of the adult population in the overall structure of measles incidence also continued, although at a lower level - 139 out of 173 cases of measles were persons 15 years of age and older. The ratio of the proportion of sick children and adults was 19.7% and 80.3%, respectively, or 1:4. Half of all measles cases were adults 20-29 years old - 86 people (49.7%).

An analysis of the vaccination status of those sick with measles revealed that among the sick children, 13 (38.2%) were not vaccinated against measles (excluding children under 1 year of age), 13 (38.2%) fell ill at different periods after vaccination, including 10 children 2-4 years after vaccination. In adults with measles, on the contrary, 64.0% had no information about vaccinations, and 21.6% were not vaccinated. These are mainly persons under 35 years of age who were subject to additional vaccination.

In 2007, outbreaks of measles were registered, including in the cities. Nizhny Novgorod (25 cases), Vladivostok (11 cases), Krasnoyarsk (10 cases), characterized by varying degrees of intensity and prevalence and the presence of an imported source of infection: cases of measles were brought from Uzbekistan to Nizhny Novgorod, from China - to Vladivostok and Krasnoyarsk.

Overall progress in the implementation of the Measles Elimination Program in Russian Federation allows us to predict a favorable epidemic situation for this infection and demonstrates the fact of elimination of local cases of measles in certain territories, as well as the possibility of starting the certification procedure. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the measles epidemic process are also evidenced by:

Reduced significance of the seasonal factor in the spread of infection, the outbreak nature of measles incidence,

Low morbidity rates among children (0.16 per 100 thousand people; in 2007, only 34 children fell ill with measles, of which 9 were actively identified),

No spread of infection in 86.5% of foci,

The presence of social circulation of measles virus strains of different genotypes.

December 9, 2008

Onishchenko announced victory over measles in Russia

Measles has been defeated in Russia, said the country's chief state sanitary doctor Gennady Onishchenko during a working visit to St. Petersburg, Interfax reports.

“Starting next year, we will certify Russia as a measles-free country,” added the head of Rospotrebnadzor. He noted that starting from 2009, all subjects of the Russian Federation will undergo certification, after which the summarized data will be submitted to international organizations.

According to Onishchenko, since the beginning of 2008, 26 cases of measles have been registered in Russia. At the same time, children were sick only in 7 cases, the rest of the sick were adults. 900 thousand people have received vaccinations against this infection, the head of the department informed.

Let us remind you that a country that has eliminated this disease is considered to be a country in which the incidence is one case per one million people. Compared to last year, the incidence of measles in Russia has decreased by 5.9 times, and currently stands at 0.02 per 100 thousand population.

Last week, experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a decrease in mortality from measles in the world over the past eight years from 750 thousand to 200 thousand per year. However, this infection remains one of the leading causes of death in children, claiming more than 500 lives every day.

http://medportal.ru/mednovosti/news/2008/12/09/measles/

Publication date 13.08.2009
Author of the article: Anna Khrustaleva