It so happened that the feeling. Collection of ideal social studies essays

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Unfortunately, our copious conversations about morality are often too general character. And morality... it consists of specific things - of certain feelings, properties, concepts.
One of these feelings is the feeling of mercy. The term is somewhat outdated, unpopular today and even seems to have been rejected by our life. Something characteristic only of former times.
To take away mercy means to deprive a person of one of the most important effective manifestations of morality. This ancient, necessary feeling is characteristic of the entire animal community, the bird community:
mercy to the defeated and injured. How did it happen that this feeling became overgrown in us, died out, turned out to be neglected?
I am sure that a person is born with the ability to respond to the pain of others. I think that this is innate, given to us along with our instincts, with our soul. But if this feeling is not used, is not exercised, it weakens and atrophies.
(D. Granin)

Composition

What is morality? What is the content of this concept? According to D. Granin, true morality is unthinkable without mercy. It is about mercy and its role in our lives that the author reflects.
It is not by chance that the author addresses this problem. Unfortunately, at a frantic pace modern life people have become more self-centered and inattentive to the problems of others. It is not surprising that such creative feelings as mercy and compassion have lost their former significance and have “stalled” in our souls. They are even perceived differently now. “Something characteristic only of former times,” the author bitterly ironizes. Granin invites readers to think: “How did it happen that this feeling turned out to be... neglected?”
The author's position is clear. D. Granin believes that the manifestation of mercy and sympathy for one’s neighbor is one of the most important indicators of a person’s morality.
The ability to “respond to someone else’s pain” is the most valuable quality of the human soul. The author focuses the reader's attention on the fact that, although these feelings are given from birth, mental strength is the same. like physical ones, they need constant training.
It is difficult to disagree with the author's position. I think so too. that mercy is the main virtue of human nature and that we must preserve it in our hearts at all costs.
This problem is reflected in the pages of the works of Russian writers. Perhaps one of the most striking examples is the image of Yeshua Ha-Nozri in Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. Yeshua is the embodiment of boundless kindness and compassion for one's neighbor. For him there are no bad people, he calls everyone “ kind person" Even Pilate, the procurator of Judea, who executed him, Yeshua forgives.
The idea of ​​mercy is no less vividly embodied in the image of Sonya Marmeladova, the heroine of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Having learned about Raskolnikov's crime, she did not push him away from her, but tried to understand, sympathized with his tragedy and realized the severity of his sin. It is her love and support that revives the hero to a new, better life.
Thus, Granin urges readers not to forget the most important of human feelings - mercy. After all, it is on people who are able to show empathy for others that any human society is based.

Part 1

Part 2

(1) Last year something bad happened to me. (2) I was walking down the street, slipped and fell... (3) I fell unsuccessfully, it couldn’t have been worse: my face hit the curb, my whole face was broken, my arm jumped out of my shoulder. (4) It was about seven o'clock in the evening. (5) In the city center, on Kirovsky Prospekt, not far from the house where I live. (6) I decided to turn back home.

(7) I walked down the street, I think not staggering; he walked holding a bloody handkerchief to his face, his coat was already glistening with blood. (8) I remember this path well - about three hundred meters. (9) There were a lot of people on the street. (10) A woman and a girl, some couple, an elderly woman, a man, young guys walked towards me, all of them at first looked at me with curiosity, and then averted their eyes, turned away. (11) If only someone along this path would come up to me and ask what was wrong with me, if I needed help.

(12) Later I thought about this story. (13) Could people take me for a drunk? (14) Apparently not, it’s unlikely that I made such an impression. (15) But even if they took me for a drunk... (16) They saw that I was covered in blood, something happened - I fell, hit myself - why didn’t they help, didn’t they at least ask what was wrong? ? (17) Does it mean that passing by, not getting involved, not wasting time, effort, “this doesn’t concern me” has become a familiar feeling?

(18) Unfortunately, our abundant conversations about morality are often too general. (19) And morality... it consists of specific things - of certain feelings, properties, concepts.

(20) One of these feelings is the feeling of mercy. (21) The term is somewhat outdated, unpopular today, and even seems to have been rejected by our life. (22) Something characteristic only of former times. (23) “Sister of mercy”, “brother of mercy” - even the dictionary gives them as “obsolete,” that is, outdated concepts.

(24) To take away mercy means to deprive a person of one of the most important effective manifestations of morality. (25) This ancient, necessary feeling is characteristic of the entire animal community, the bird community: mercy for the defeated and injured. (26) How did it happen that this feeling became overgrown, died out, and turned out to be neglected? (27) You can object to me by citing many examples of touching responsiveness, condolences, and true mercy. (28) There are examples, and yet we feel, and have been for a long time now, the decline of mercy in our lives. (29) If it were possible to make a sociological measurement of this feeling...

(30) I am sure that a person is born with the ability to respond to the pain of others. (31) I think that this is innate, given to us along with our instincts, with our soul. (32) But if this feeling is not used, is not exercised, it weakens and atrophies.

(D. Granin, Russian Soviet writer and public figure)

2 . Which sentence answers the question “What does morality consist of?”

1) Unfortunately, our abundant conversations about morality are often too general.

2) And morality... it consists of specific things - of certain feelings, properties, concepts.

3) To take away mercy means to deprive a person of one of the most important effective manifestations of morality.

4) This ancient, necessary feeling is characteristic of the entire animal community, the bird community: mercy for the defeated and injured.

3 .Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressive speech is metaphor.

1. He fell unsuccessfully, it couldn’t have been worse: his face hit the curb, he broke his whole face, his arm jumped out of his shoulder.
2. In the city center, on Kirovsky Prospekt, not far from the house where I live.
3. And morality... it consists of specific things - of certain feelings, properties, concepts.
4. How did it happen that this feeling became overgrown in us, died out, turned out to be neglected?

4. From sentences 11-13, write down the word, writing a prefix in which it depends on the voicedness/voicelessness of the first consonant root.

Part 3

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist S.I. Lvova: “Punctuation marks have their specific purpose in written speech. Like every note, a punctuation mark has its own specific place in the writing system and has its own unique “character.”

S.I.Lvovoy

15.2. Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the final sentences of the text“And I also realized that, maybe for the first time, I need to tell her: “Who is it that is whining in our lives, huh?”

Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.

15.3 KINDNESS?

Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.

OPTION 3

Part 1

Listen to the text and complete task 1 on a separate sheet of paper. First write the task number, and then the text of the concise summary.

1. Listen to the text and write a concise summary.

Please note that you must convey the main content of both each micro-topic and the entire text as a whole. The volume of presentation is at least 70 words. Write your summary in neat, legible handwriting.

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 2-14

OPTION 4

Part 1

Listen to the text and complete task 1 on a separate sheet of paper. First write the task number, and then the text of the concise summary.

1. Listen to the text and write a concise summary.

Please note that you must convey the main content of both each micro-topic and the entire text as a whole. The volume of presentation is at least 70 words. Write your summary in neat, legible handwriting.

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 2-14

(1) “I can’t go to the bus,” Vitya turned to the old man.

(2) The old man looked into his gray eyes and saw suffering in them.

(3) “Stay here,” he told Oleg and Vadim, “and don’t leave him anywhere.” (4) I'm going out onto the road to catch a car.

(5) He failed to stop the car on the move. (6) He excitedly waved his arms, but cars rushed past. (7) The old man was struck by an absolutely specific circumstance: there was already one person sitting in three Zhiguli cars, but the cars did not stop.

(8) The mountains, the valley, the river and he, the old man, suddenly found themselves on one side of life, and well-groomed cars rushing along a wide asphalt road - on the other. (9) Two different worlds didn't even touch each other. (10) Two different worlds did not need each other, and between them, on a narrow strip under the high sky, there was a boy who belonged to both one and the other world at the same time!

(11) Gathering his strength, the old man raised his heavy, clumsy hand above his head to establish contact between the world of his old age, valleys, rivers and mountains and the fast world, which did not notice him...

(12) Meanwhile, a duplicate program of action was born in the valley.

(13) The boys understood: it is dangerous to wait. (14) Vitya suffered from pain. (15) He was getting worse. (16) What to expect? (17) The boys knew: in such cases it is necessary to act. (18) Of course, everyone knows this. (19) But, as a rule, only a small percentage of one hundred percent of those who know act. (20) Boys were part of a small, decisive percentage. (21) They entered life as active people. (22) And now they had to learn responsibility for man.

(23) They decided like men: to immediately go on the road. (24) The old man said that it was impossible, but they decided to go. (25) The price of a simple decision was small at that moment, but an hour later it was equal to the price of human life.

(26) They reached the asphalt quickly. (27) They did not have time to get used to the road: a huge thundering “Colchis” slowed down next to them. (28) The driver, noisy like his car, leaned out of the high cab:

Do you need to go?

(29) “Vitya feels bad, he fell off a cliff,” said Oleg.

(30) - Where is he? - asked the driver.

(31) - It lies in the valley, not far from here.

(32) - Are you alone here? - asked the driver, opening the high, heavy door.

(33) - Grandfather is on the road, he also stops the car.

(34) “Let’s go,” said the driver and jumped off the step onto the ground.

(35) A few minutes later Vitya was already in his arms. (36) The hands were powerful, like levers. (37) The driver made the boy comfortable, started the car, and they drove off. (38) Next to the old man, he slowed down and shouted: “I’ll take him to the hospital!”

(39) “Take it, son,” said the old man in a hoarse voice, watching from his world the actions of the driver.

(40) “Colchis” headed towards the city, and the old man walked along the side of the road towards the boys who were walking towards him.

(41) In general, what really matters is not the ten cars that pass by, but the one that always stops.

(According to G. Bocharov)

The answers to tasks 2-14 are a number, a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase), which should be written in the answer field in the text of the work.

2. Which sentence contains the information necessary to justify the answer to the question:“Why were the cars speeding past the old man?”

1. He failed to stop the car on the move.
2. The old man was struck by an absolutely specific circumstance: there was already one person sitting in three Zhiguli cars, but the cars did not stop.
3. The two different worlds didn't even touch each other.
4. In the valley, meanwhile, a duplicate program of action was born.

3.Indicate the sentence that contains comparison .

1. The old man looked into his gray eyes and saw suffering in them.
2. The driver, noisy like his car, leaned out of the high cab: “Should we go?”
3. They didn’t have time to get used to the road: a huge, thundering “Colchis” slowed down next to them.
4. The driver made the boy comfortable, started the car, and they drove off.

4. From sentences 35-41, write down the word(s) in which the prefix(s) means “incompleteness of action.”

5. From sentences 1-9, write down the word, spelling NN in which it is determined by the rule: “If in the adjective or participle from which the adverb is formed, it is written NN , then the spelling is retained in the adverb two letters "N"?

6. Replace the word ascended in sentence 11 a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

7. Replace the phrasewaved excitedly(proposition 6), built on the basis adjacencies , a synonymous phrase with connection control . Write the resulting phrase.

8. Write it out grammatical basisproposals 9.
9.Among sentences 26-34, find a sentence withisolated circumstance. Write the number of this offer.

10. In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers representing commas inintroductory word(s).

(1) of course, (2) everyone knows this. But (3) as a rule, (4) only a small percentage of one hundred percent of those who know act.

11.Specify quantitygrammar basics in sentence 7.

12. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the partscomplex offers.

Two different worlds did not need each other, (1) and between them, (2) on a narrow strip under the high sky, (3) there was a boy, (4) who belonged to both one and the other world at the same time!

13. Among sentences 5-11, find complex sentence Withconsistentsubordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

14. Among sentences 35-41, find a complex sentence withconjunctional coordinating and subordinating connectionbetween parts. Write the number of this offer.

Answer:

Part 3

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks on a separate sheet: 15.1, 15.2 or 15.3. Before writing your essay, write down the number of the selected task: 15.1, 15.2 or 15.3.

15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian writer V.G. Korolenko: “The Russian language... has all the means to express the most subtle feelings and shades of thought”.

When justifying your answer, give 2 (two) examples from the text you read.

When giving examples, indicate numbers necessary proposals or use citation.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with words V.G. Korolenko . The essay must be at least 70 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.

15.2. Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the last sentence of the text:“In general, what really matters is not the ten cars that pass by, but the one that always stops.”

In your essay, give two arguments from the text you read that support your reasoning.
When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.
The essay must be at least 70 words.
Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word KINDNESS? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is kindness”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis.

When arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.

V. G. Korolenko

Language allows you to express a variety of thoughts, describe the feelings and experiences of people. The most important requirement for the text is the use of such means that, with maximum completeness and efficiency, fulfill the task of emotional impact on the reader set by the author.

Lexical and grammatical phenomena, figurative and expressive means of language.

The Russian language... is rich in verbs and nouns, diverse in forms expressing shades of feelings and thoughts.

L. N. Tolstoy

A person is surrounded by objects for which the language has special words - nouns. Action messages characterize objects using verbs. Used in the right form, these parts of speech are able to be linked into phrases and participate in the creation of sentences to convey the thoughts and feelings of the writer/speaker.

Use of noun and verb forms.

Punctuation marks have their specific purpose in written speech. Like every note, a punctuation mark has its own specific place in the writing system and has its own unique “character”. S. I. Lvova

Punctuation marks help the writer to express thoughts and feelings accurately and clearly, and the reader to understand them. In the writing system, each sign performs a specific function (emphasizing and separating signs). The purpose of punctuation marks is to indicate the semantic division of speech, as well as to help identify its syntactic structure and rhythm and melody.

Functions of punctuation marks (emphasis and separation).

Thought forms itself without concealment, in its entirety; That’s why she easily finds a clear expression for herself. Both syntax, grammar, and punctuation willingly obey her.
M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin

Language is a way of thinking. It consists of words denoting various objects and processes, as well as rules that allow you to construct sentences from these words. It is sentences, constructed according to the laws of grammar and written in writing in compliance with punctuation rules, that are the means of expressing thoughts.

Lexical and syntactic phenomena, justification of the punctogram.

Text of the presentation

"Good Feelings"

I remembered hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? - Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? Why are boys even ashamed of their kindness? After all, without kindness - the genuine warmth of the heart that one person gives to another - the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

Experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood, and humanity, kindness, affection, goodwill are born in work, worries, worries about the beauty of the world around us. Good feelings, emotional culture are the center of humanity.If good feelings are not cultivated in childhood, you will never cultivate them, because this truly human thing is established in the soul simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, at the same time with the experience and feeling of the subtlest shades of the native word. In childhood, a person must go through an emotional school - the school of instilling good feelings.
Learning to feel is the most difficult thing in education. The school of cordiality, sensitivity, responsiveness, and compassion is friendship, camaraderie, brotherhood. A child feels the subtlest experiences of another person when he does something for the happiness, joy, and peace of mind of people. True love is born only in a heart that has experienced concerns about the fate of another person. (According to V. Sukhomlinsky) 182 words.

Text microthemes

Boys want to become strong, brave, courageous. Why is kindness not included in this category? Without kindness, spiritual beauty is impossible.

Good feelings are rooted in childhood and are born in work and concern for the world around us; they can only be brought up in childhood, because they are established simultaneously with the knowledge of native speech.

The most difficult thing in education is learning to feel. The school of cordiality is friendship, camaraderie, brotherhood. True love is born in the heart of a child who cares about the fate of another person.

Answers to tests

(1) Our abundant conversations about morality are often too general. (2) And morality consists of specific things: of certain feelings, properties, concepts. (3) One of these feelings is the feeling of mercy. (4) For most, the term is old-fashioned, unpopular today, and even seems to have been rejected by our life. (5) Something characteristic only of former times. (6) “Sister of mercy”, “brother of mercy” - even the dictionary gives them as “obsolete,” that is, outdated concepts. (7) In Leningrad, near Aptekarsky Island, there was once Mercy Street. (8) They considered this name obsolete even for the street, and renamed it Tekstilshchikov Street. (9) It is no coincidence that words grow old. (10) Mercy. (11) What is it - not fashionable? (12) Not necessary? (13) To withdraw mercy means to deprive a person of one of the most important manifestations of morality. (14) This ancient, necessary feeling is characteristic of the entire animal community: mercy for the defeated and injured. (15) How did it happen that this feeling in us waned, died out, turned out to be neglected? (16) It was no coincidence that mercy decreased. (17) During the time of dispossession, during the difficult years of mass repression, people were not allowed to provide assistance to loved ones, neighbors, and families of the victims. (18) They did not give shelter to the children of those arrested and exiled. (19) People were forced to express approval of harsh sentences. (20) Even sympathy for those innocently arrested was prohibited. (21) Feelings like mercy were regarded as suspicious, and even criminal: it is supposedly apolitical, not class-based, in an era of struggle it interferes, disarms... (22) It has become unacceptable in art. (23) Mercy could really interfere with lawlessness and cruelty; it prevented people from being imprisoned, slandered, violating the law, beating, destroying. (24) In the thirties and forties, this concept disappeared from our vocabulary. (25) It also disappeared from everyday life; “mercy was shown to the fallen” secretly and at risk. (2b) In the “Monument”, where every word is pronounced in this way, Pushkin sums up the merits of his poetry with the classical formula: (27) And for a long time I will be kind to the people, Because I awakened good feelings with my lyre, That in my cruel age I glorified freedom and mercy called to the fallen. (28) No matter how you interpret the last line, in any case it is a direct call for mercy. (29) It would be worth following how Pushkin persistently pursues this theme in his poetry and prose. (30) From “The Feast of Peter the Great”, from “ The captain's daughter", "The Shot", "The Station Agent" - mercy for the fallen becomes a moral requirement for Russian literature, one of the highest duties of a writer. (31) During the 19th century, Russian writers called for seeing such a downtrodden, insignificant official of the fourteenth class as stationmaster, a man with a noble soul, worthy of love and respect. (32) Pushkin’s covenant of mercy for the fallen permeates the works of Gogol and Turgenev, Nekrasov and Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Korolenko, Chekhov and Leskov. (33) This is not only a direct call for mercy like “Mumu”, but it is also an appeal of writers to the humiliated and insulted heroes, the orphaned, the wretched, the endlessly lonely, the unfortunate, to the fallen, like Sonechka Marmeladova, like Katyusha Maslova. (34) The living feeling of compassion, guilt, and repentance in the works of great and small Russian writers grew and expanded, thereby winning popular recognition and authority. (36) The social transformations of the new system seemed to create a universal kingdom of equality, freedom and brotherhood of happy ordinary people. (36) But literature had to live among closed, sealed doors, forbidden topics, safes. (37) The most important stages in the history of our country have become untouchable. (38) It was impossible to talk about many tragedies, names, and events. (39) Not only that, social injustice, what people sometimes suffered from those in power - insults, deprivations, rudeness - the depiction of this was carefully filtered and limited. (40) Calling for mercy for the fallen - nurturing this feeling, returning to it, calling for it - is an urgent necessity, difficult to assess. (41) And our literature, especially today, cannot abandon Pushkin’s behest. (42) The theme of mercy must be called upon and called upon in order to disturb the conscience, in order to cure the deafness of the soul, so that a person stops living the life allotted to him, without giving anything in return and without sacrificing anything. (According to D. Granin)

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Mercy and compassion... What do these words mean for a person? Does fallen man deserve forgiveness and help?
Many philosophers and writers have thought about these questions. One of them is D. Granin. It is precisely the problem of mercy and mercy towards the fallen that he raises in one of his articles.
Undoubtedly, this problem has been and remains “eternal” throughout history humanity. That's why the author wants to attract the reader's mind and soul to it.
D. Granin is very agitated by society’s “refusal” of such a fundamental moral concept as mercy. In his opinion, people consider this concept to be outdated, which is manifested in many ways: from notes in dictionaries to the banning of relevant topics in literature. The reason for this is the difficult periods of dispossession and repression, which forced many to forget about mercy. To show how wrong this "refusal" is, the author recalls works of the greatest Russian writers, whose works are largely imbued with mercy and mercy towards the fallen.
D. Granin believes that mercy is what society needs most, and the main role of literature is to awaken in people compassion and mercy for the fallen. “The theme of mercy must be called upon and called upon in order to disturb the conscience, in order to cure the deafness of the soul, so that a person stops living the life allotted to him, nor

Expositions not from Tsybulko’s collection

Presentation No. 1 "The path in life"

There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person.

We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play. But most of the most important decisions that determine life path, we still accept in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.

It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Something, of course, will be able to be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals. (According to Andrey Nikolaevich Moskvin)

Presentation No. 2 “What is morality”

What is morality? This is a system of rules of personal behavior, first of all, answering the question: what is good and what is bad, what is good and what is evil. Each person uses this system of rules when assessing his own behavior and the behavior of other people. This system is based on values ​​that a given person considers important and necessary. As a rule, such values ​​include human life, happiness, family, love, welfare and others.

Depending on what kind of values ​​a person chooses for himself, in what hierarchy he places them and how much he adheres to them in behavior, it is determined what a person’s actions will be - moral or immoral. Therefore, morality is always a choice, an independent choice of a person.

What can you do to help? right choice and ensure moral behavior of a person? Only conscience. Conscience, which manifests itself in a feeling of guilt for an immoral act. This is the only force that can ensure a person’s moral behavior.

(According to A. Nikonov)

Presentation No. 3

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, came an understanding of the importance of time. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that hosts were burdened by guests. Now that time is the price of achieving your goal, rest and hospitality have ceased to be significant. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

But here’s a paradox: previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in cities with high population density. We strive to isolate ourselves, to choose a secluded place in the subway, in a cafe, in the reading room of a library.

Presentation No. 4

Betrayed me dear person, my best friend betrayed me. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, I remember Hugo’s statement: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”

Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.

Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity; as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless. (M. Litvak)

Presentation No. 5

A real goal allows a person to live life with dignity and gain joy. If a person lives to bring good to people, to alleviate their suffering from illness, to give people joy, then he sets himself a goal worthy of a person. If a person sets himself the task of acquiring all the basic material goods: a car, a summer house, a set of furniture, he makes a fatal mistake.

When setting a career or acquisition as a goal, a person experiences in total much more sorrows than joys, and risks losing everything. Didn't get promoted - disappointing. I didn’t have time to buy a stamp for my collection – it’s a shame. Someone has better furniture than you or a better car - again a disappointment, and what a disappointment! And what can a person lose who rejoiced in every way? good deed? It is only important that the good that a person does is his inner need, comes from an intelligent heart, and not just from his head.

Therefore, the main task in life must necessarily be a task that is broader than just personal; it should not be limited only to one’s own successes and failures. It should be dictated by kindness towards people, love for family, for your city, for your people, for your country, for the whole universe.

(According to D.S. Likhachev) 172 words

Microthemes for text No. 1

1. A person’s real goal, which is serving people, allows him to live life with dignity and gain joy.

2. Personal gain cannot bring a person as much joy as good deeds for other people, done with all the heart.

3. Therefore, the main thing life task should be broader than a person’s personal interests, it should be dictated by kindness towards people.

Presentation No. 6 "Power"

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it fails to grow evenly, then, bending under obstacles, it tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” they often turn into tyrants themselves.

If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

(M.L. Litvak)

Presentation No. 7

Chekhov, through the mouth of Doctor Astrov, expressed one of his absolutely amazingly accurate thoughts that forests teach a person to understand beauty. In the forests, the majestic beauty and power of nature, enhanced by a certain haze of mystery, appears before us with the greatest expressiveness. This gives them a special charm.

Forests are the greatest sources of inspiration and health. These are gigantic laboratories. They produce oxygen and remove toxic gases and dust. Each of you, of course, remembers the air after a thunderstorm. It is fragrant, fresh, full of ozone. So, an invisible and inaudible eternal thunderstorm seems to be raging in the forests and scattering streams of ozonized air across the earth.

In the forests you breathe air that is two hundred times cleaner and healthier than the air in cities. He is healing, he lengthens life, he enhances our vitality, and finally, it turns the mechanical, and sometimes difficult for us, process of breathing into pleasure. Anyone who has experienced this for themselves, who knows how to breathe in sun-warmed pine forests, will remember, of course, the amazing state of seemingly unaccountable joy and strength that covers us as soon as we enter the forests from stuffy city houses.

Presentation No. 8

Unfortunately, much of our talk about morality is often too general. And morality consists of specific things: of certain feelings, properties, concepts. One of these feelings is the feeling of mercy. The term is somewhat outdated, unpopular today and even seems to have been rejected by our life. Something characteristic only of former times. “Sister of mercy”, “brother of mercy” - even the dictionary gives them as an outdated concept.

To take away mercy means to deprive a person of one of the most important effective manifestations of morality. This ancient, necessary feeling is characteristic of the entire animal and bird community: mercy for the defeated and the injured. How did it happen that this feeling became overgrown in us, died out, turned out to be neglected? You can object to me by citing many examples of touching responsiveness, condolences, and true mercy. There are examples, and yet we feel, and have been for a long time, the decline of mercy in our lives.

If only it were possible to make a sociological measurement of this feeling! I am sure that a person is born with the ability to respond to the pain of others. I think that this feeling is innate, given to us along with our instincts, with our soul. But if this feeling is not used, is not exercised, it weakens and atrophies.

(According to D. Granin)

Presentation No. 9

Compassion is an active helper. But what about those who don’t see, don’t hear, don’t feel when someone else is in pain and bad? How to help both those who suffer from indifference and the indifferent themselves?

From childhood, you need to educate yourself in such a way as to respond to someone else’s misfortune and rush to the aid of someone in trouble. Sympathy is a great human ability and need, a benefit and a duty. People who have cultivated the talent of kindness have a more difficult life than those who are insensitive. And more restless. Their conscience is clear. They have good children and are respected by others.

A man who never sympathized with anyone, did not empathize with anyone's suffering, found himself in front of own misfortune, turns out to be unprepared for it. He faces this test pitiful and helpless. Selfishness, callousness, indifference, heartlessness cruelly avenge themselves. Blind fear. Loneliness. Belated repentance. One of the most important human feelings is empathy. And let it not remain just sympathy, but become action. Assistance. There is no radio receiver stronger and more sensitive than human soul, if you tune it to the wave of high humanity.

Presentation No. 10.

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in early years If nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled into a person by his family, then society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry. (According to Yuri Markovich Nagibin)

Presentation No. 11

There are values ​​that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.

People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines, then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena of life is different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy distinguishing feature true friendship.

Presentation No. 12

If a heavyweight breaks a new world record in weight lifting, do you envy him? What if I'm a gymnast? What if the record holder for diving from a tower into the water? Start listing everything you know and what you can envy: you will notice that the closer you are to your job, specialty, life, the stronger the proximity of envy. It’s like in a game – cold, warm, even warmer, hot, burned!

The closer the achievement of another to your specialty, to your interests, the more the burning danger of envy increases. A terrible feeling that primarily affects those who envy.

Now you will understand how to get rid of the extremely painful feeling of envy: develop your own individual inclinations, your own uniqueness in the world around you, be yourself, and you will never envy. Envy develops primarily where you are a stranger to yourself. Envy develops primarily where you do not differentiate yourself from others. If you are jealous, it means you haven’t found yourself.

Presentation No. 13 “The war was...”

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time. (According to Yuri Vasilievich Bondarev)

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unparalleled feat, our irreplaceable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - fascism. The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history.

The most important feature of the last war was its nationwide character, when everyone, young and old, fought for a common cause at the front, in the rear, and in partisan detachments. Even if not everyone risked to the same extent, they gave themselves without reserve, their experience and work in the name of the coming victory, which we got at a very high price. But a person’s memory weakens over time, first the secondary, less significant and bright things, and then the essential, disappear from it bit by bit. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed.

Great Theme Patriotic War has nourished literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about human life in war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants.

Presentation No. 15

There is a saying: “There are no children in war.” Well, that’s true, because the convergence of these very concepts is unnatural. Those who found themselves in the war had to give up their childhood - in the usual, peaceful sense of the word. Well, for those who grew up in the post-war world - is it necessary to teach them the memory of the war, to disturb the serenity of their young years? I am convinced: it is necessary. Memory is our history. What a child's view of her will be, this will be our tomorrow. By erasing the past, we erase the future. Of course, the history of the war was written in blood, and the more time passes, the more calmly people, including children, will remember its cruelest facts. But they should never stop getting excited about them.

Every person keeps in his memory some moment of his life, which seems to him a second birth, a turning point in his entire life. future fate. These memories are always associated with discoveries in oneself and in other people. The war lives in the souls of those who lived through it with such memories, and they will never be able to forget it, just as they will not be able to forget that they were once born.

In my opinion, you need to remember the history of your people not only because memory preserves human dignity, but also in order to see the meaning of your life, so as not to be lonely and helpless. Therefore, the war will be remembered and written about, just as our ancestors tried to preserve in the chronicles all the details of ancient history - this is necessary for a person to justify his existence on earth. The memory of history is a person’s self-affirmation, therefore, even in a hundred years, schoolchildren will write with pride and excitement about their great-grandfather, who was a front-line soldier.

Presentation No. 16

True Love and true Friendship come on their own, not as a simple hobby, but as a higher state. Like any Dream, Love or Friendship does not come true immediately, but after long battles, unsuccessful attempts, suffering, and overcoming selfish motives. It comes only to that person who never stops dreaming of it as the highest principle of life.

Any attempts to artificially evoke love, force genuine relationships, impose oneself, demand love, plan and arrange situations for its implementation sooner or later end in failure. This thin and fragile “bird of happiness” feels threatened and, not wanting to become a slave to any formal situations, flies away from the golden cage prepared for it, in order to then avoid all the baits with which we will try in vain to bring it back.

Love requires complete dedication and selflessness, puts itself in the foreground, in the center of attention, forcing everyone to dance around us, our problems and interests, constantly demanding evidence of love, doing good and loving only in order to be answered in kind. All this kills true love and true Friendship.

Concise presentation

True love and friendship come not as a hobby, but as a higher state. They do not come true immediately, but after long battles, unsuccessful attempts, and suffering. Love comes only to the person who dreams of it as the highest principle of life.

Any attempts to artificially evoke love, to force genuine relationships end in failure. This fragile “bird of happiness” feels threatened and, not wanting to become a slave, flies away from the golden cage prepared for her in order to avoid any bait later.

Love requires complete dedication and selflessness. Putting yourself first, demanding proof of love, doing good and loving only to be answered in kind - all this kills true love and true friendship.

Presentation No. 17

The greatest value of a people is the language in which they write, speak and think. This means that the entire conscious life of people passes through their native language. All a person’s thoughts are formulated in language, and emotions and sensations color what he thinks about.

There is the language of a people as an indicator of its culture, and there is the language of a person as an indicator of his personal qualities. A person’s language is his worldview and behavior. As he speaks, so, therefore, he thinks. Therefore, the surest way to get to know a person is to listen to what and how he says.

We pay attention to the way a person carries himself, to his gait and face, but judging a person only by these signs means making a mistake. But a person’s language is a much more accurate indicator of his moral qualities, his culture. Language is the most expressive thing a person has, so you must constantly monitor your speech - oral or written.

Microthemes:

2 The language of a people is an indicator of its culture, and a person’s language is an indicator of his personal qualities. To get to know a person, you need to listen to what and how he says.

3 A person’s language is an accurate indicator of his moral qualities, his culture, so you must constantly monitor your speech.

Presentation No. 18

Nature has been creating man for many millions of years, and this creative, constructive activity of nature must, I think, be respected. A person needs to live life with dignity and live in such a way that the nature that worked on our creation is not offended. To do this, people must support the creative activity of nature and in no case support everything destructive that exists in life. How to do this? Each person must answer this question individually in relation to his abilities and interests.

You can simply create a good atmosphere around yourself, as they say now, an aura of goodness around you. For example, a person can bring with him into society an atmosphere of suspicion, some kind of painful silence, or he can immediately bring joy and light. This light comes from a deep connection with everything alive in the world.

This feeling of sympathy and respect for life and its rights is one of the highest human feelings. Respect for all living beings is humanity - the true nature of the human soul.

Presentation No. 19

Listen carefully, standing in the forest or among an awakened flowering field, and if you still have sensitive hearing, you will certainly hear the wonderful sounds of the earth, which at all times people so affectionately called Mother Earth. Be it the murmur of a spring stream or the lapping of river waves on the coastal sand, the singing of birds or the thunder of a distant thunderstorm, the rustle of flowering meadow grasses or the crackling of frost on a winter night, the fluttering of green leaves on the trees or the crackling of grasshoppers along a well-trodden meadow path, the rise of a lark and the sound of ears of grain. , the quiet fluttering of butterflies - all these are countless sounds of the earth, which city people, deafened by the noise of cars, have lost the habit of hearing. All the more joyful for such a person, who has not yet completely lost his senses native nature, to visit the forest, on the river, in the field, to gain spiritual strength, which, perhaps, is what we need most.

For farmers and us, experienced hunters, the sounds of the earth are precious. It is perhaps impossible to list them. They replace music for us, and wasn’t it from these sounds that the best things that were captured in songs and great musical creations arose?

I now remember with joy the sounds of the earth that once captivated me as a child. And is it not from those times that the best things that are embedded in my soul remain? I remember the mysterious sounds of the forest, the breath of the awakened native land. And now they excite and delight me.

Presentation No. 20

What is the most important thing in life? The main thing can be everyone’s own, unique. But still, the main thing should be for every person. Life should not crumble into little things, dissolve in everyday worries. A person must be able to not just rise, but rise above himself, above his personal everyday concerns and think about the meaning of his life - look at the past and look into the future.

If you live only for yourself, with your petty worries about your own well-being, then not a trace will remain of what you have lived. If you live for others, then others will save what you served, what you gave strength to. People who served others, who served wisely, and who had a good and meaningful purpose in life are remembered for a long time. They remember their words, actions, their appearance, their jokes, and sometimes eccentricities. They talk about them. Much less often and, of course, with an unkind feeling they speak about the evil ones.

In life you need to have your own service - service to some cause. Even if the matter is small, it will become big if you are faithful to it. Happiness is achieved by those who strive to make others happy and are able to forget about their interests and themselves, at least for a while. This is the “unchangeable ruble”. Knowing this, remembering this always and following the paths of kindness is very, very important.

Presentation No. 21

What does human memory store? In general, why do we remember something that no longer exists? Can it really be important that someone remembers how he learned to write the first letters, or what dress his favorite teacher wore to class, or what house once stood on the site of the current one? shopping center? Our memory carefully stores many things, details, faces, pictures that seem to be meaningless, since they no longer exist and cannot be returned. And yet they stubbornly live in our memories. They live and, unnoticed by us, fill our lives, making it voluminous, deep, meaningful.

I remember what once happened, which means that the past is not lifeless for me, it is filled with my sensations and experiences. The past is no longer a dull list of information and dates, but a series of visible images and living situations. Therefore, I live not only now, but also in the past. My life is not a moment limited by the word “now”, it acquires extension.

And through memories, my life is connected with the lives of other people: friends, relatives, acquaintances. I remember their faces, gestures, I keep our conversations and meetings in my memory. And the length of my life seems to be complemented by volume: I am not alone in my past.

But my personal memories inevitably bear the imprint of some time that has passed for the country, a passing era. And this means that through them I become involved in history, I feel like I am part of it. My ability to remember gives my life meaning. I am not Ivan, who does not remember kinship, but a person who feels his kinship with the flow of common life.

Exposition "Fate..."

Fate... What does it depend on? Can a person influence it? Such questions have worried people since ancient times. In mythology the most different nations, the idea of ​​fate, fate, fate is associated with images of an incomprehensible force that predetermines both individual events and the fate of a person. However, the ancient Greeks already suspected that the inflexible Moirai, the goddesses of fate, were not all in power and that a person was capable of one way or another influencing the course of his life.

So what actually determines the so-called reversals of fortune? What determines how life turns out? Maybe by chance? But, as you know, you can take advantage of an opportunity, or you can miss it, and you can take advantage of it in different ways, acting in one way or another. And we act one way or another, choose this or that action depending on our ideas, beliefs, and the properties of our own character.

The Russian ethnographer, biologist and traveler Miklouho-Maclay believed: “Whoever knows exactly what to do will tame fate.” “Tames” means to subjugate. So it turns out that our fate is by no means a fatal obstacle or an accident, but the result of our choice, determined primarily by our nature, our character.