The talking surname of the wild one from the thunderstorm. The symbolic meaning of names and surnames

According to contemporaries, Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm” was very significant for that time in that it perfectly reflected the strong folk character, opposing outdated foundations. The role of the other characters in the play, their interpretation as active or extra-plot persons depends on the critic’s understanding of the general conflict of the work. If the basis of “The Thunderstorm” is understood as an everyday drama, then it is difficult to attribute most of the characters beyond the plot, but if we perceive it as a “tragedy of the soul,” then, undoubtedly, playing a large role for the work as a whole, all the characters, except Katerina, do not carry an effective loads. Now let's move on to the description of the characters themselves and their role significance.

Let's start with general description their. Here it is necessary to recall the symbolism of names, which, as in the works of other authors, plays an important role in Ostrovsky’s plays. The first person we meet on the list of people is Savel Prokofievich Dikoy. Savel is connected according to the biblical story with Paul, that is, Dikoy is close to God in his essence. But at the same time, the name Paul is distorted, which may indicate the rigidity of his views, namely, that the desire for God in him is suppressed by some kind of bitterness, savagery. This impression is supported by the character's surname. Next on the list of people we see Boris Grigorievich. This hero is clearly alien to the atmosphere of the town, and he himself, like others, is aware of this. Looking ahead, it must be said that all critics agree that this person is extra-narrative; in particular, Dobrolyubov wrote: “Boris relates more to the situation.” Next we see the name of Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova. The image of Marfa Ignatievna fully corresponds to its biblical prototype. She sees the salvation of the soul in external manifestations of obedience to God; Martha attaches great importance to the internal structure of the house. Tikhon also lives up to his name. He belongs to the category of “neither this nor that” people. On the one hand, he is supposedly harmless with his indifference, but on the other, his inaction turns out to be harmful. The next character we are interested in is Varvara. She is, as it were, an “antonym” to Katerina. It has barbaric principles and, accordingly, pagan ideology. Kuligin is a self-taught mechanic. Its name is associated with the sandpiper, but it can be translated as quiet, swamp. However, in itself it does not carry a semantic load and is interesting only in a conversation with Dikiy. After this come Vanya Kudryash and Shapkin . These names contain elements of nationality. It is clear from their names that they belong to the same type as Varvara. A very interesting character in terms of plot is Feklusha. Her name, translated as divine, fully corresponds to the image of the wanderer. The last in the line of characters is Glasha, which means sweet. And indeed, she loves listening to Feklushina’s various “sweet” stories and conversations of the owners.

From the point of view of the phenomenon of speaking names that we are considering, a lot of new, wonderful material can be found in the plays of this great playwright. Let us touch only on the most interesting aspects of the use of this literary device in the most famous plays Ostrovsky.

For example, in the play “The Thunderstorm” there are no random first and last names. A quiet, weak-willed drunkard and mama's boy, Tikhon Kabanov fully lives up to his name. The nickname of his “mama” - Kabanikha - has long been rethought by readers as a name. It is not for nothing that the creator of “The Thunderstorm” already introduces this heroine in the poster: “Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova (Kabanikha), a rich merchant’s wife, widow.” By the way, her old, almost ominous name paired with Savel Prokofievich Dikiy quite definitely speaks about their characters, their way of life, and their morals. It is interesting that in translation from Aramaic the name Martha is translated as “mistress”.

The name Dikoy also contains a lot of interesting things. The fact is that the ending -ой in the corresponding words is now read as -й(-й). For example, Pushkin’s “freedom sower of the desert” (in the current pronunciation - “desert”) means “lonely.” Thus, Dikoy is nothing more than a “wild man”, simply a “savage”.

Symbolic meaning have first and last names in the play “Dowry”. Larisa - translated from Greek - seagull. The surname Knurov comes from the dialect word knur - hog, boar, boar. Paratov is etymologically related to the adjective poratiy - lively, strong, stalwart, diligent. Vozhevatov comes from the phrase “vozhevaty people”, meaning cheeky, shameless. Everything in the first name, patronymic and last name of Larisa’s mother, Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova, turns out to be significant. Charits (from the Greek kharis - grace, charm, beauty) were called gypsies from the choir, and every gypsy in Moscow was called Ignati. Hence the comparison of Larisa’s house with a gypsy camp. The surname comes from the word ogudat - to deceive, seduce, deceive. Julius Kapitonovich Karandyshev, by the contrast of his first and patronymic with his last name, already contains in the grain the image of this person. Julius is the name of the noble Roman emperor Caesar, Capito is from the Latin capitos - head, Karandyshev is from the word pencil - a runt, a short man, a person with exorbitant and unfounded claims. Thus, psychologically polyphonic human characters emerge from the very first pages of the play.

The play “Warm Heart” is also surprisingly interesting from the point of view of studying the semantics of speaking names, in which there is a whole constellation of the most interesting surnames, names and patronymics of the characters. Here, by the way, is how V. Lakshin writes about this in the article “Ostrovsky’s Poetic Satire”: “Perhaps the brightest and most caustic figure of comedy in the political sense is Serapion Mardarich Gradoboev. Well, Ostrovsky invented a name for him! Serapion is easily changed into “scorpion”, as the rude Matryona calls him, Mardariy sounds next to the dissonant word “muzzle”, and Gradoboev is a surname filled to the brim with ironic semantics: not only crops damaged by hail, but also a battle forced on the city.” . By the way, Gradoboev is none other than the mayor of the city of Kalinov (remember “The Thunderstorm”, “Forest”), who is not very almond-shaped with the townsfolk.

In “A Warm Heart” there is also a merchant Kuroslepov, who, either from drunkenness or from a hangover, suffers from something like night blindness: he does not see what is happening under his nose. By the way, his clerk, Madame Kuroslepova’s favorite, has a characteristic name - Narkis.

If you look through the works of A.N. Ostrovsky, you can find many characters with meaningful names. This is Samson Silych Bolshov, a rich merchant, and Lazar Elizarich Podkhalyuzin, his clerk (the play “Our People - We Will Be Numbered”); Egor Dmitrievich Glumov from the drama “Simplicity is Enough for Every Wise Man,” who really mocks those around him; the provincial theater actress Negina from “Talents and Admirers” and the merchant Velikatov, who loves delicate treatment.

In the play “The Forest,” Ostrovsky persistently names the characters with names associated with the concepts of “happiness and unhappiness,” as well as “paradise, arcadia.” No wonder the name of the landowner Gurmyzhskaya is Raisa. And the root of Raisa Pavlovna’s surname suggests certain thoughts. A.V. Superanskaya and A.V. Suslova write about this: “The name of Raisa Gurmyzhskaya, a wealthy landowner, in Russian is consonant with the word “paradise.” The clue to her surname can be found in another play by Ostrovsky - “The Snow Maiden” - In the words of Mizgir, who talks about the wonderful island of Gurmyz in the middle of the warm sea, where there are a lot of pearls, where there is heavenly life.”

And about the stage names of provincial actors Schastlivtsev and Neschastlivtsev, the same authors write this: “Ostrovsky remains an unsurpassed master of names and surnames. So, in the play “Forest” he shows the provincial actors Schastlivtsev and Neschastlivtsev. Yes, not just Schastlivtseva, but Arcadia (cf. Arcadia is the legendary happy country inhabited by shepherdesses and shepherdesses). Gennady Neschastlivtsev (Gennady - Greek noble) is a noble tragic actor. And against the backdrop of these names, their common fate seems especially tragic.”

So, one of Ostrovsky’s methods of forming surnames is metaphorization (figurative meaning). Thus, the surname Berkutov (“Wolves and Sheep”) and Korshunov (“Poverty is not a vice”) are derived from the names of birds of prey: golden eagle - a strong mountain eagle, vigilant, bloodthirsty; The kite is a weaker predator, capable of capturing smaller prey. If the character with the surname Berkut is from the breed of “wolves” (which is emphasized by the title of the play) and “swallows” a whole large fortune, then Korshunov in the play dreams of stealing, like a chicken, from his father’s house a weak, fragile creature (Lyubov Gordeevna).

Many of Ostrovsky's surnames are derived from popular words (names of animals, birds, fish) with a pronounced negative meaning: they seem to characterize people by the properties that are inherent in animals. Baranchevsky and Pereyarkov are stupid as sheep; Lisavsky is as cunning as a fox; Kukushkina is selfish and heartless, like a cuckoo...

Ostrovsky's surname may also indicate appearance person: Puzatov, Borodavkin, Pleshakov, Kurchaev, Belotelova; on behavior: Gnevyshev, Gromilov, Lyutov, Groznov; on lifestyle: Baklushin, Pogulyaev, Dosuzhaev; on social and financial status: Bolshov, Velikatov...And the surnames Goltsov, Mykin, Tugina, Kruchinina indicate the difficult life of their bearers, full of need and deprivation.

Almost a third of all surnames in the playwright’s works are of dialect origin: Velikatov (“Talents and Admirers”) from great, that is, “stately, prominent, important, arrogant, proud, polite, able to treat people, inspiring respect”; Lynyaev (“Wolves and Sheep”) from lyat, that is, “to shirk, evade the matter” ( Dictionary V.I. Dahl, volume 2), Khlynov (“Warm Heart”) from khlyn - “fraudster, thief, deceiver in buying and selling”, Zhadov (“Profitable Place”) from zhadat - in the ancient meaning: “to experience a strong desire.”

Ostrovsky’s plays are rich in funny names: Razlyulyaev (“Poverty is not a vice”), Malomalsky (“Don’t sit in your own sleigh”), Nedonoskov and Nedorostkov (“Jokers”).

As a “building material” for the formation of characters’ surnames, Ostrovsky does not often use distorted foreign words: Paratov (“Dowry”) from the French “parade” (does everything for show, loves to show off, show off. In the theater of A.N. Ostrovsky, the speaking names are so precise and significant that it’s time to talk about the playwright’s virtuoso, phenomenal mastery of this technique .

“Ostrovsky’s play “Dowry”” - Ostrovsky. What does the gypsy song add to the play and film? The mystery of Ostrovsky's play. What is Karandyshev like? A sad song about a homeless woman. Problematic issues. Poetic lines. Does Paratova need Larisa? Love for Larisa. Shot by Karandyshev. What kind of person is Paratov? Skills for expressing your thoughts. Romance. Analysis of the play. Cruel romance. Larisa's fiance. Acquiring text analysis skills. Gypsy song.

“Heroes of “The Thunderstorm”” - The idea of ​​the drama “The Thunderstorm”. The play "The Thunderstorm" was written in 1859. Reception of contrast. The main theme of "Thunderstorms". Zamoskvorechye. N.A. Dobrolyubov. Drama "Thunderstorm". Maly Academic Art Theater. Ostrovsky House-Museum in Moscow. Who is scarier – Kabanova or Dikoy? Curly. V. Repin “The arrival of the governess to the merchant’s house.” Two conflicts. Dramatic Russian literature. The results of the heroes' actions. Dictionary. Columbus Zamoskvorechye.

“Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”” - Describe Kabanova’s speech, manner of speaking, and communication. In the city center is Market Square, nearby is the old church. Did Katerina have any other way out other than death? "Thunderstorm" in Russian criticism. Varvara. Young heroes of the play. Tikhon. Comment on the illustration for the work. Katerina's struggle for happiness. Literary characters. Why is Katerina left alone with her grief? The conflict between " dark kingdom"and a new person living according to the laws of conscience.

“Ostrovsky “Dowry”” - Characters. Purpose of the lesson. A.N. Ostrovsky Drama "Dowry". Analysis of the drama "Dowry". What do we learn about Paratov. Creative ideas of A.N. Ostrovsky. Usually the names of Ostrovsky's plays are sayings, proverbs. At first glance, the first two phenomena are exposure. Karandyshev. Paratov Sergey Sergeevich. Discussion of the image of L.I. Ogudalova. The symbolic meaning of names and surnames.

“The Play “Dowry”” - Performance of the Moscow Maly Theater. The image of Paratov Yu. Olesha admired the names of Ostrovsky's heroes. But in essence, Katerina and Larisa’s characters are rather antipodes. A seasoned leader, for example. Larisa's world contains both a gypsy song and a Russian romance. Become a rich kept woman?.. Final scene. It is said about Paratov: “A brilliant gentleman.” The heroine of “The Thunderstorm” is a more strong-willed person. Paratov's image. Image of Larisa. It’s like being on an unprecedentedly high-speed ship, like being on a luxurious villa.

“Heroes of “The Snow Maiden”” - Father Frost. Winter's Tale. Image of Lelya. Folklore. The power and beauty of nature. Huge power. Birds dancing. Respect for the cultural traditions of the people. Love. Snow Maiden. Spring fairy tale. Morning of love. Music. Composer. Characters. A celebration of the senses and the beauty of nature. Rimsky-Korsakov. The author's ideals. A.N. Ostrovsky. Tests for consolidation on the topic. Shepherd's horn. Scene. Cold creature. Leshy.

In literature, authors often use telling surnames in their works. The speaking surname allows you to characterize the most striking character traits of the hero. Ostrovsky in his play “The Thunderstorm” also used speaking names and surnames. They helped to better characterize the characters.

Of course, the main thing negative character is Kabanikha. It is noteworthy that this heroine’s name is Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova. However, it is the nickname “Kabanikha” that suits her best. Ostrovsky probably wanted to emphasize the ignorant character of the merchant's wife, her dirty soul.

Kabanikha was truly a “dirty” person. She led a lifestyle that was in no way associated with virtue and adequacy. So, Kabanikha scolded, behaved inappropriately, imposed her opinion and tried in every possible way to ruin the lives of those around her, she did not even spare her own children.

Another character with a telling surname is Savel Prokofievich Dikoy. He was a wealthy merchant and godfather of Kabanikha. Savel Prokofievich's temper was truly wild. This man's character was like a keg of gunpowder. Dikoy considered the poor to be the lowest class, was not afraid of anyone and carried out outrages as he wanted.

It must be said that Dikoy and Kabanikha matched each other perfectly. These were two completely identical people. They thought only of themselves and did not care that their actions or words might hurt the feelings of others. Dikoy and Kabanikha were capable only of evil. Their wild disposition and blackness of soul repelled those around them, but these heroes did not even notice how much they were hated. Even the closest people.

It’s not for nothing that Kabanikha’s son is called Tikhon. Given name derived from the adjective “quiet”. Indeed, Tikhon was a weak-willed mama's boy who obeyed only his mother. It cannot be said that Tikhon liked Kabanikha’s tough temperament. No, he did not like the commanding tone with which she treated others. The mother's habit of interfering with family life Tikhon didn’t like it either. But he simply could not resist such a rude and ill-mannered woman who masterfully manipulated his feelings.

Tikhon's sister's name was Varvara. This name is associated with the heroine of fairy tales, Varvara the Beauty. Indeed, Varvara was a prominent girl. She also had cunning. Varvara understood that only with the help of this quality could she get along with her grumpy parent.

It is noteworthy that the name Katerina has the meaning “pure”, “immaculate”. Indeed, Katerina had a bright soul. This was a woman with a ruined destiny. She is not like the rude Kabanikha, the cunning Varvara and the weak-willed Tikhon. Katerina is simple-minded and sincere. She believes in love and says goodbye to life for her sake.

Another bearer of a sonorous surname was mechanic Kuligin. He was interested in science and wanted to create a perpetual motion machine. It is noteworthy that the surname Kuligin is consonant with the surname Kulibin. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin was a self-taught inventor and designed many wonders of technical thought.

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Revealing the meaning of names and surnames in the plays of A.N. Ostrovsky helps to comprehend both the plot and the main images. Although surnames and names cannot be called “speaking” in this case, since this is a feature of the plays of classicism, they are speaking in the broad - symbolic - sense of the word.

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Dikoy in the northern Russian regions meant “stupid, crazy, crazy, half-witted, crazy,” and dikovat meant “fool, fool, go crazy.” Initially, Ostrovsky intended to give the hero the patronymic Petrovich (from Peter - “stone”), but there was no strength or firmness in this character, and the playwright gave Dikiy the patronymic Prokofievich (from Prokofy - “successful”). This was more suitable for a greedy, ignorant, cruel and rude man, who at the same time was one of the richest and most influential merchants of the city. Actor M. Zharov

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Martha is “mentor”, Ignatius is “unknown, self-appointed”. The heroine's nickname could be formed from two words that equally deeply correspond to the essence of her character, either - a wild ferocious pig, or a boar - a block of ice. The cruelty, ferocity and coldness, indifference of this heroine are obvious. Kabanova is a rich widow; this characteristic contains both social and psychological meaning. Actress V. Pashennaya

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Wild, self-willed characters, except for the Wild One, are represented in the play by Varvara (she is a pagan, a “barbarian,” not a Christian and behaves accordingly). Her name means “rough” when translated from Greek. This heroine is really quite simple spiritually, rude. She knows how to lie when necessary. Her principle is “do what you want, as long as it’s safe and covered.” Varvara is kind in her own way, she loves Katerina, she helps her, as it seems to her, to find love, arranges a date, but does not think about what consequences all this may have. This heroine is in many ways opposed to Katerina - the scenes of the meeting between Kudryash and Varvara, on the one hand, and Katerina and Boris, on the other, are based on the principle of contrast. Actress O. Khorkaova

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“A self-taught mechanic,” as the hero introduces himself. Kuligin, in addition to the well-known associations with Kulibin, also evokes the impression of something small, defenseless: in this terrible swamp he is a sandpiper - a bird and nothing more. He praises Kalinov like a sandpiper praises his swamp. P.I. Melnikov-Pechersky, in his review of “The Thunderstorm,” wrote: “... To this man Mr. Ostrovsky very skillfully gave the famous name of Kulibin, who in the last century and at the beginning of this one brilliantly proved what an unlearned Russian man can do with the power of his genius and unyielding will.” Artist S. Markushev

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Larisa Dmitrievna – “maiden; dressed richly but modestly.” Larisa means “white seagull” in Greek. Actress L. Guzeeva

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Larisa in “Dowry” is not surrounded by “animals”. But Mokiy is “blasphemous”, Vasily is “king”, Julius is, of course, Julius Caesar, and also Kapitonich, that is, living with his head (kaput - head), and perhaps striving to be in charge.

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Mokiy Parmenych Knurov - the name of this hero sounds common, heavy, “ungraceful” (unlike Sergei Sergeevich Paratov), ​​and the surname Knurov comes, according to Dahl’s dictionary, from the word knur - “hog, boar, boar.” Actor A. Petrenko

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Vasily Danilych Vozhevatov - the name and patronymic of this merchant are quite common, and the surname comes from the word vozhevaty - “a cheeky, shameless person.” Actor A. Pankratov-Cherny

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Yuliy Kapitonich Karandyshev - the combination of the hero’s name and patronymic sounds unusual, grotesque - the name of the Roman emperor and the common people’s patronymic. With such an unusual combination, the author immediately emphasizes the complexity and inconsistency of the hero. The surname Karandyshev can be interpreted by looking in Dahl's dictionary. Karandysh means “shorty, runt”. Actor A. Myagkov

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And finally, Kharita - the mother of three daughters - is associated with the Kharites, the goddesses of youth and beauty, of which there were three, but she also destroys them (remember the terrible fate of the other two sisters - one married a sharper, the other was stabbed to death by her Caucasian husband). Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova is “a middle-aged widow, dressed elegantly, but boldly and beyond her years.” Harita - a name meaning “charming one” (haritas are the goddesses of grace); Ignat in the 19th century was the name of a gypsy in general, like, for example, Vanka - a cab driver, like Fritz - a German during Patriotic War etc. Thus, the gypsy theme, so important in this play, begins literally from the poster. Actress L. Freindlich

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