And Solzhenitsyn Matrenin Dvor is the strength of a person. Matrenin Dvor - analysis and plot of the work

ANALYSIS OF A.I. SOLZHENITSYN’S STORY “MATRENIN’S Dvor”

The purpose of the lesson: to try to understand how the writer sees the phenomenon of the “common man”, to understand philosophical sense story.

Methodological techniques: analytical conversation, comparison of texts.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

1.Teacher's word

Story " Matrenin Dvor", like "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", was written in 1959 and published in 1964. “Matrenin’s Dvor” is an autobiographical work. This is Solzhenitsyn’s story about the situation in which he found himself after returning “from the dusty hot desert,” that is, from the camp. He “wanted to worm his way in and get lost in the very interior of Russia,” to find “a quiet corner of Russia away from railways" The former camp inmate could only get hired for hard work, but he wanted to teach. After his rehabilitation in 1957, Solzhenitsyn worked for some time as a physics teacher in the Vladimir region, living in the village of Miltsevo with the peasant woman Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova (there he completed the first edition of “In the First Circle”). The story “Matrenin's Dvor” goes beyond ordinary memories, but acquires deep meaning and is recognized as a classic. It was called “brilliant,” “a truly brilliant work.” Let's try to understand the phenomenon of this story.

P. Check homework.

Let's compare the stories "Matrenin's Dvor" and "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich."

Both stories are stages in the writer’s understanding of the phenomenon of the “common man,” the bearer of mass consciousness. The heroes of both stories are “ordinary people”, victims of a soulless world. But the attitude towards the heroes is different. The first was called “A village does not stand without a righteous person,” and the second was called Shch-854 (One Day of One Prisoner).” “Righteous” and “convict” are different assessments. What appears to Matryona as “high” (her apologetic smile in front of the formidable chairwoman, her compliance in the face of the insolent pressure of her relatives), in Ivan Denisovich’s behavior is indicated by “working extra money,” “giving dry felt boots to a rich brigadier right on his bed,” “running through the quarters, where someone needs to serve someone, sweep or offer something.” Matryona is depicted as a saint: “Only she had fewer sins than her lame cat. She was strangling mice...” Ivan Denisovich is an ordinary person with sins and shortcomings. Matryona is not of this world. Shukhov belongs to the world of the Gulag, he has almost settled down in it, studied its laws, and developed a lot of devices for survival. During the 8 years of his imprisonment, he became accustomed to the camp: “He himself didn’t know whether he wanted it or not,” he adapted: “It’s as it should be - one works, one watches”; “Work is like a stick, it has two ends: if you do it for people, give it quality; if you do it for a fool, give it show.” True, he managed not to lose his human dignity, not to sink to the position of a “wick” that licks bowls.

Ivan Denisovich himself is not aware of the surrounding absurdity, does not realize the horror of his existence. He humbly and patiently bears his cross, just like Matryona Vasilievna.

But the heroine’s patience is akin to the patience of a saint.

In “Matryona’s Dvor” the image of the heroine is given in the perception of the narrator; he evaluates her as a righteous woman. In “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” the world is seen only through the eyes of the hero and is assessed by him himself. The reader also evaluates what is happening and cannot help but be horrified and shocked by the description of the “almost happy” day.

How is the character of the heroine revealed in the story?

What is the theme of the story?

Matryona is not of this world; the world, those around her condemn her: “and she was unclean; and I didn’t chase the factory; and not careful; and she didn’t even keep a pig, for some reason she didn’t like to feed it; and, stupid, helped strangers for free...”

In general, he lives “in desolation.” Look at Matryona’s poverty from all angles: “For many years, Matryona Vasilyevna did not earn a ruble from anywhere. Because she was not paid a pension. Her family didn't help her much. And on the collective farm she did not work for money - for sticks. For sticks of workdays in a littered accountant’s book.”

But the story is not only about the suffering, troubles, and injustice that befell the Russian woman. A.T. Tvardovsky wrote about it this way: “Why is the fate of the old peasant woman, told on a few pages, of such great interest to us? This woman is unread, illiterate, a simple worker. And yet, her spiritual world is endowed with such a quality that we talk to her as if we were talking to Anna Karenina.” Solzhenitsyn responded to Tvardovsky: “You pointed out the very essence - a woman who loves and suffers, while all the criticism was always scouring the top, comparing the Talnovsky collective farm and the neighboring ones.” Writers come out main topic story - “how people live.” To survive what Matryona Vasilievna had to go through and remain a selfless, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not to become embittered at fate and people, to preserve her “radiant smile” until old age - what mental strength is needed for this!

The movement of the plot is aimed at understanding the secrets of character main character. Matryona reveals herself not so much in the everyday present as in the past. Remembering her youth, she says: “It’s you who haven’t seen me before, Ignatich. All my bags were five pounds, I didn’t consider them heavy. The father-in-law shouted: “Matryona, you’ll break your back!” The Divir didn’t come near me to put my end of the log on the front.” It turns out that Matryona was once young, strong, beautiful, one of those Nekrasov peasant women who “stopped a galloping horse”: “Once the horse was frightened and carried the sleigh to the lake, the men jumped away, but I, however, grabbed the bridle and stopped...” And at the last moment of her life, she rushed to “help the men” at the crossing - and died.

And Matryona reveals herself from a completely unexpected side when she talks about her love: “for the first time I saw Matryona in a completely new way,” “That summer... we went with him to sit in the grove,” she whispered. - There was a grove here... I didn’t get out without a little, Ignatich. The German war has begun. They took Thaddeus to war... He went to war and disappeared... For three years I hid, waited. And no news, and not a bone...

Tied with an old faded handkerchief, Matryona’s round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp - as if freed from wrinkles, from an everyday careless outfit - frightened, girlish, faced with a terrible choice.

These lyrical, bright lines reveal the charm, spiritual beauty, and depth of Matryona’s experiences. Outwardly unremarkable, reserved, undemanding, Matryona turns out to be an extraordinary, sincere, pure, open person. Them sharper feeling the guilt that the narrator experiences: “There is no Matryona. Killed dear person. And on the last day I reproached her padded jacket.” “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” The final words of the story return to original name- “A village is not worth without a righteous man” and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning.

What symbolic meaning story "Matrenin's Dvor"?

Many of Solzhenitsyn’s symbols are associated with Christian symbolism, images-symbols of the way of the cross, a righteous man, a martyr. The first title “Matryonina Dvora2” directly points to this. And the name “Matrenin’s Dvor” itself is general in nature. The courtyard, Matryona’s house, is the refuge that the narrator finally finds in search of “inner Russia” after many years of camps and homelessness: “I didn’t like this place any more in the whole village.” The symbolic likening of the House to Russia is traditional, because the structure of the house is likened to the structure of the world. In the fate of the house, the fate of its owner is, as it were, repeated, predicted. Forty years have passed here. In this house she survived two wars - German and World War II, the death of six children who died in infancy, the loss of her husband, who went missing during the war. The house is deteriorating - the owner is getting old. The house is being dismantled like a person - “rib by ribs”, and “everything showed that the breakers are not builders and do not expect Matryona to have to live here for a long time.”

It’s as if nature itself resists the destruction of the house - first a long snowstorm, enormous snowdrifts, then a thaw, damp fogs, streams. And the fact that Matryona’s holy water inexplicably disappeared seems like a bad omen. Matryona dies along with the upper room, with part of her house. The owner dies and the house is completely destroyed. Until spring, Matryona's hut was stuffed like a coffin - buried.

Matryona’s fear of the railway is also symbolic in nature, because it is the train, a symbol of a world and civilization hostile to peasant life, that will flatten both the upper room and Matryona herself.

Sh. TEACHER'S WORD.

Righteous Matryona - moral ideal a writer on whom, in his opinion, the life of society should be based. According to Solzhenitsyn, the meaning of earthly existence is not prosperity, but the development of the soul.” Connected with this idea is the writer’s understanding of the role of literature and its connection with the Christian tradition. Solzhenitsyn continues one of the main traditions of Russian literature, according to which the writer sees his purpose in preaching truth, spirituality, and is convinced of the need to pose “eternal” questions and seek answers to them. He spoke about this in his Nobel lecture: “In Russian literature, we have long been ingrained in the idea that a writer can do a lot among his people - and should... Once he has taken up his word, he can never evade: a writer is not an outside judge of his compatriots and contemporaries, he is a co-author of all the evil committed in his homeland or by his people.”

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 1

1. The story "Matryonin's Dvor":

B) based on fiction;

C) is based on eyewitness accounts and contains elements of fiction.

2. The narration in the story is:

A) in the first person;

B) from a third party;

B) two narrators.

3. Function of exposition in a story:

A) introduce the reader to the main characters;

B) intrigue the reader with a mystery that explains the slow movement of a train along a section of railway track;

C) introduce the scene of action and indicate the narrator’s involvement in what happened

events.

4. The narrator settled in Talnovo, hoping to find patriarchal Russia:

A) and was upset when he saw that the residents were unfriendly towards each other;

B) and did not regret anything, because I recognized the folk wisdom and sincerity of the inhabitants of Talnovo;

B) and stayed to live there forever.

5. The narrator, paying attention to everyday life, talking about an elderly cat, a goat, mice and cockroaches living freely in Matryona’s house:

A) did not approve of the housewife’s sloppiness, although he did not tell her about it so as not to offend her;

B) emphasized that kind heart Matryona felt sorry for all living things, and she sheltered in the house those

who needed her compassion;

B) showed details of village life.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 2

1. In contrast to the detailed description of Thaddeus, the portrait of Matryona is stingy in detail:

“Tied with an old faded handkerchief, Matryona’s round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp...” This allows:

B) indicate that she belongs to the villagers;

C) see the deep subtext in the description of Matryona: her essence is revealed not by the portrait, but by the way she lives and communicates with people.

2. The technique of arranging images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses at the end of the story ( ), called:

3. What the author says: “But it must have come to our ancestors from the very Stone Age because, once heated before daylight, it stores warm feed and swill for livestock, food and water for humans all day long. And sleep warmly."

5. How does the fate of the narrator of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” resemble the fate of the author A. Solzhenitsyn?

5. When was the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” written?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 3

1. Matryona told the narrator Ignatich the story of her bitter life:

A) because she had no one to talk to;

B) because he also had to go through difficult times, and he learned to understand and sympathize;

B) because she wanted to be pitied.

2. A short acquaintance with Matryona allowed the author to understand her character. He was:

A) kind, delicate, sympathetic;

B) closed, taciturn;

B) cunning, mercantile.

3. Why was it difficult for Matryona to give up the upper room during her lifetime??

4. What did the narrator want to do in the village?

5. Indicate on whose behalf the narration is told in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”

B) objective narration

D) an outside observer

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 4

A) went for holy water at Epiphany;

B) cried when she heard Glinka’s romances on the radio, taking this music to her heart;

B) agreed to give the upper room for scrapping.

2. Main theme of the story:

A) Thaddeus’s revenge on Matryona;

B) the alienation of Matryona, who lived secluded and lonely;

C) the destruction of Matryona’s courtyard as a haven of kindness, love and forgiveness.

3. Waking up one night in the smoke that Matryona rushed to save?

4. After Matryona’s death, her sister-in-law said about her: “...stupid, she helped strangers for free.” Were people strangers to Matryona? What is the name of this feeling, on which Rus' still rests, according to Solzhenitsyn?

5. Indicate the second title of Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”

A) “The incident at Krechetovka station”

B) "Fire"

C) “A village is not worthwhile without the righteous”

D) “business as usual”

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 5

A) highlight the hero’s solidity, dignity, and strength.

B) show the resilience of the once “resin hero” who did not waste his spiritual kindness and generosity;

C) more clearly reveal the hero’s anger, hatred, and greed.

2. The narrator is:

A) an artistically generalized character showing the full picture of events;

B) character a story, with its own life story, self-characterization and speech;

B) neutral narrator.

3. What did Matryona feed her tenant??

4. Continue.“But Matryona was by no means fearless. She was afraid of fire, she was afraid of lightning, and most of all for some reason....”

a) “Torfoprodukt Village”

b) “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous person”

c) “Tulleless Matryona”

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 6

1. Depicting the crying of relatives for the deceased Matryona,

A) shows the closeness of the heroes to the Russian national epic;

B) shows the tragedy of events;

C) reveals the essence of the heroine’s sisters, who are crying over Matryona’s inheritance.

2. A tragic omen of events can be considered:

A) the loss of a lame cat;

B) loss of home and everything connected with it;

C) discord in relations with sisters.

3. Matryona’s clock was 27 years old and it was in a hurry all the time, why didn’t this bother the owner??

4. Who is Kira?

5. What is the tragedy of the ending? What does the author want to tell us? What worries him?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 7

1. Solzhenitsyn calls Matryona a righteous woman, without whom the village does not stand, according to the proverb. He came to this conclusion:

A) since Matryona always spoke the right words, they listened to her opinion;

B) because Matryona observed Christian customs;

C) when the image of Matryona became clear to him, close, like her life without the race for goodness, for clothes.

2. What words do the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” begin with?

3. What connects the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” and?

4. What was the original name of the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”?

5. What was hanging “on the wall for beauty” in Matryona’s house?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 8

1. Matryona cooked food in three cast iron pots. In one - for himself, in the other - for Ignatich, and in the third -...?

3. What was the surest way for Matryona to regain her good mood?

4. What event or omen happened to Matryona at Epiphany?

5. Name full name Matryona .

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 9

1. What part of the house did Matryona bequeath to her pupil Kira??

2. What historical period is the story talking about?

a) after the revolution

b) after World War II

3. What music heard on the radio did Matryona like??

4. What kind of weather did Matryona call duel?

5. " From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the entryway, now shortened, glowed slightly pink, and Matryona’s face was warmed by this reflection. Those people always have good faces, who....” Continue.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 10

1. What was Thaddeus thinking as he stood at the tombs of his son and the woman he had once loved?

2. What is the main idea of the story?

a) depiction of the hardship of life of the peasantry of collective farm villages

b) tragic fate village woman

c) loss of spiritual and moral foundations by society

d) displaying the type of eccentric in Russian society

3. Continue: “Misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not have a sociable disposition, a stranger to her sisters and sisters-in-law, funny, stupidly working for others for free - she did not accumulate property for death. A dirty white goat, a lanky cat, ficus trees...
We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the one....”

5. What artistic details help the author create the image of the main character?

a) lumpy cat

b) potato soup

c) a large Russian stove

d) silent but lively crowd of ficus trees

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 11

1. What is the meaning of the namestory?

a) the story is named after the place of action

b) Matrenin’s yard is a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world

c) a symbol of the destruction of the world of spirituality, goodness and mercy in the Russian village

2. What is the main idea of this story? What Solzhenitsyn puts into the image of the old woman Matryona?

3. What is the peculiarity of the image systemstory?

a) built on the principle of pairing characters

b) the heroes surrounding Matryona are selfish, callous, they took advantage of the kindness of the main character

c) emphasizes the loneliness of the main character

d) designed to highlight the character of the main character

4. Write what Matryona's fate was.

5. How did Matryona live? Was she happy in life??

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 12

1. Why didn't Matryona have children?

2. What was Thaddeus worried about after the death of his son and his former beloved woman?

3. What did Matryona bequeath?

4. How can you characterize the image of the main character?

a) a naive, funny and stupid woman who has worked for others for free all her life

b) an absurd, poor, wretched old woman abandoned by everyone

c) a righteous woman who has not sinned in any way against the laws of morality

a) in artistic details

b) in a portrait

c) the nature of the description of the event underlying the story

e) the heroine’s internal monologues

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 13

1. Which type of traditional thematic classification does this story belong to?

1) Village 2) military prose 3) intellectual prose 4) urban prose

2. What type literary heroes Can it be attributed to Matryona?

1) extra person, 2) little man, 3) premature person 4) righteous person

3. The story “Matryonin’s Dvor” was written in the traditions of:

4. The house destruction episode is:

1) plot 2) exposition 3) climax 4) denouement

5. Which traditions ancient genre can be found in the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”?

1) parables 2) epics 3) epics 4) lives

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 14

1. What is the original title of the story?

1) “Life is not based on lies” 2) “A village is not worth it without a righteous person” 3) “Be kind!” 4) “The Death of Matryona”

2. The specific subject of the narrative, designated by the pronoun “I” and the first person of the verb, the protagonist of the work, the mediator between the image of the author and the reader is called:

3. Words found in the story "problem", “to the terrible”, “upper room” are called:

1) professional 2) dialectal 3) words with figurative meaning

4. Name the technique that the author uses when depicting the characters of Matryona and Thaddeus:

1) antithesis 2) mirror composition 3) comparison

5. The technique of arranging images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses at the end of the story ( village - city - all the land is ours), called:

1) hyperbole 2) gradation 3) antithesis 4) comparison

Answers:

Option 1

1 – a

3 – in

4 – a

5 – b

Option 2

2-gradation

3 - About the Russian stove.

Option 3

3. “I didn’t feel sorry for the upper room itself, which stood idle, just as Matryona never felt sorry for her work or her goods. And this room was still bequeathed to Kira. But it was scary for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years.”

4. teacher

Option 4

3. She began to throw ficus trees on the floor so that they would not suffocate from the smoke.

4. Righteous

Option 5

1. V

2. 2.

3. “Unhulled cardboard soup”, “cardboard soup” or barley porridge.

4. Trains.

5. b

Option 6

3. If only they didn’t lag behind, so as not to be late in the morning.”

4. Kindergarten

5. Matryona perishes - Matryonin’s yard perishes - Matryonin’s world is the special world of the righteous. The world of spirituality, kindness, mercy, which was also written about. No one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona, something valuable and important leaves life. Righteous Matryona is the writer’s moral ideal, on which the life of society should be based. All of Matryona’s actions and thoughts were consecrated with a special holiness, not always understandable to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Rus', and without them “ don't stand the village" The final words of the story return to the original title - “ A village is not worth it without a righteous man"and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning. Village- symbol moral life, national roots of man, the village - all of Russia.

Option 7

1. IN

2. “At one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometer from Moscow along the line that goes to Murom and Kazan, for a good six months after that all the trains slowed down, as if to the touch.”

3. It was he who gave it this name.

4. A village cannot stand without a righteous man.”

5. Ruble posters about the book trade and the harvest.

Option 8

1. Kose.

2. About electricity.

3. Job.

4. The pot with holy water has disappeared.

5. Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna.

Option 9

1. Upper room.

2. d) 1956

2. Romances by Glinka.

3. Blizzard.

4. “At peace with your conscience.”

Option 10

1. “His high forehead was darkened by a heavy thought, but this thought was to save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryona sisters.”

2. V)

3. “...a righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand.”

4. What are Matryona's strengths and weaknesses? What did Ignatich understand for himself?

5. e) “radiant”, “kind”, “apologetic” smile

Option 11

1. V

2. the moral ideal of the writer on which the life of society should be based. All of Matryona’s actions and thoughts were consecrated with a special holiness, not always understandable to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Rus', and without them “ don't stand the village»

Option 12

1. They died

2. save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryona sisters.”

3. The true meaning of life, humble

4. IN

"Matrenin's Dvor" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

“A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man” - this is the original title of the story. The story echoes many works of Russian classical literature. Solzhenitsyn seems to be transporting one of Leskov’s heroes to the historical era of the 20th century, the post-war period. And the more dramatic, the more tragic is the fate of Matryona in the midst of this situation.

The life of Matryona Vasilievna is seemingly ordinary. She devoted her entire life to work, selfless and hard peasant work. When the construction of collective farms began, she went there too, but due to illness she was released from there and was now brought in when others refused. And she didn’t work for money, she never took money. Only later, after her death, her sister-in-law, with whom the narrator settled, will remember evilly, or rather, remind her of this strangeness of hers.

But is Matryona’s fate really that simple? And who knows what it’s like to fall in love with a person and, without waiting for him, to marry someone else, unloved, and then see your betrothed a few months after the wedding? And then what is it like to live with him side by side, to see him every day, to feel guilty for the failure of his and your life? Her husband didn't love her. She bore him six children, but none of them survived. And she had to take in raising the daughter of her beloved, but now a stranger. How much spiritual warmth and kindness accumulated in her, that’s how much she invested in her adopted daughter Kira. Matryona survived so much, but did not lose the inner light with which her eyes shone and her smile shone. She did not hold a grudge against anyone and was only upset when they offended her. She is not angry with her sisters, who appeared only when everything in her life was already prosperous. She lives with what she has. And therefore I have not saved anything in my life except two hundred rubles for a funeral.

The turning point in her life was when they wanted to take away her room. She did not feel sorry for the good, she never regretted it. She was afraid to think that they would destroy her house, in which her whole life had flown by in one moment. She spent forty years here, endured two wars, a revolution that flew by with echoes. And for her to break and take away her upper room means to break and destroy her life. This was the end for her. The real ending of the novel is not accidental either. Human greed destroys Matryona. It is painful to hear the author’s words that Thaddeus, because of whose greed the case began, on the day of Matryona’s death and then the funeral, only thinks about the abandoned log house. He does not feel sorry for her, does not cry for the one whom he once loved so dearly.

Solzhenitsyn shows the era when the principles of life were turned upside down, when property became the subject and goal of life. It is not for nothing that the author asks the question why things are called “good”, because they are essentially evil, and terrible. Matryona understood this. She didn’t care about outfits, she dressed like a villager. Matryona is the embodiment of true folk morality, universal morality, on which the whole world rests.

So Matryona remained not understood by anyone, not truly mourned by anyone. Only Kira alone cried, not according to custom, but from the heart. They feared for her sanity.

The story is masterfully written. Solzhenitsyn is a master of subject detail. He builds a special three-dimensional world from small and seemingly insignificant details. This world is visible and tangible. This world is Russia. We can say with precision where in the country the village of Talnovo is located, but we understand very well that in this village there is all of Russia. Solzhenitsyn connects the general and the particular and encloses it in a single artistic image.

Plan

The narrator gets a job as a teacher in Talnovo. Settles in with Matryona Vasilyevna.
Gradually the narrator learns about her past.
Thaddeus comes to Matryona. He is busy with the upper room, which Matryona promised Kira, his daughter, raised by Matryona.
While transporting a log house across the railway tracks, Matryona, her nephew and Kira's husband die.
There have been long disputes over Matryona's hut and property. And the narrator moves in with her sister-in-law.

A. N. Solzhenitsyn, having returned from exile, worked as a teacher at the Miltsevo school. He lived in the apartment of Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova. All the events described by the author were real. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” describes the difficult lot of a Russian collective farm village. We offer for your information an analysis of the story according to the plan; this information can be used for work in literature lessons in the 9th grade, as well as in preparation for the Unified State Exam.

Brief Analysis

Year of writing– 1959

History of creation– The writer began working on his work, dedicated to the problems of the Russian village, in the summer of 1959 on the coast of Crimea, where he was visiting his friends in exile. Beware of censorship, it was recommended to change the title “A village is not worth it without a righteous man,” and on the advice of Tvardovsky, the writer’s story was called “Matrenin’s Dvor.”

Subject– The main theme of this work is the life and everyday life of the Russian hinterland, the problems of relations between the common man and the authorities, and moral problems.

Composition– The narration is told on behalf of the narrator, as if through the eyes of an outside observer. The features of the composition allow us to understand the very essence of the story, where the heroes will come to the realization that the meaning of life is not only (and not so much) in enrichment, material values, but in moral values, and this problem is universal, and not a single village.

Genre– The genre of the work is defined as “monumental story.”

Direction– Realism.

History of creation

The writer’s story is autobiographical; after exile, he actually taught in the village of Miltsevo, which is named Talnovo in the story, and rented a room from Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova. In his a short story the writer depicted not only the fate of one hero, but also the entire epochal idea of the formation of the country, all its problems and moral principles.

Myself meaning of the name“Matrenin’s yard” is a reflection of the main idea of the work, where the boundaries of her yard are expanded to the scale of the whole country, and the idea of morality turns into universal human problems. From this we can conclude that the history of the creation of “Matryona’s Yard” does not include a separate village, but the history of the creation of a new outlook on life and on the power that governs the people.

Subject

Having carried out an analysis of the work in Matryona's Dvor, it is necessary to determine main topic story, to find out what the autobiographical essay teaches not only the author himself, but, by and large, the whole country.

The life and work of the Russian people, their relationship with the authorities are deeply covered. A person works all his life, losing his personal life and interests in his work. Your health, in the end, without getting anything. Using the example of Matryona, it is shown that she worked all her life without any official documents about her work, and did not even earn a pension.

All the last months of its existence were spent collecting various pieces of paper, and the red tape and bureaucracy of the authorities also led to the fact that one had to go and get the same piece of paper more than once. Indifferent people people sitting at desks in offices can easily put the wrong seal, signature, stamp, they don’t care about people’s problems. So Matryona, in order to achieve a pension, goes through all the authorities more than once, somehow achieving a result.

The villagers think only about their own enrichment; for them there is no moral values. Thaddeus Mironovich, her husband's brother, forced Matryona during her lifetime to give the promised part of the house to her adopted daughter, Kira. Matryona agreed, and when, out of greed, two sleighs were hooked up to one tractor, the cart was hit by a train, and Matryona died along with her nephew and the tractor driver. Human greed is above all, that same evening, her only friend, Aunt Masha, came to her house to pick up the thing promised to her before Matryona’s sisters stole it.

And Thaddeus Mironovich, who also had a coffin with his late son in his house, still managed to remove the logs abandoned at the crossing before the funeral, and did not even come to pay tribute to the memory of the woman who died a terrible death because of his irrepressible greed. Matryona’s sisters, first of all, took her funeral money and began to divide the remains of the house, crying over their sister’s coffin not out of grief and sympathy, but because that’s how it was supposed to be.

In fact, humanly speaking, no one felt sorry for Matryona. Greed and greed blinded the eyes of fellow villagers, and people will never understand Matryona that with her spiritual development the woman stands at an unattainable height from them. She is a true righteous woman.

Composition

The events of that time are described from the perspective of an outsider, a tenant who lived in Matryona’s house.

Narrator starts his story from the time he was looking for a job as a teacher, trying to find a remote village to live in. As fate would have it, he ended up in the village where Matryona lived and decided to stay with her.

In the second part, the narrator describes the difficult fate of Matryona, who has not seen happiness since his youth. Her life was hard, with daily labors and worries. She had to bury all of her six children who were born. Matryona endured a lot of torment and grief, but did not become embittered, and her soul did not harden. She is still hardworking and selfless, friendly and peaceful. She never judges anyone, treats everyone evenly and kindly, and still works in her yard. She died trying to help her relatives move their own part of the house.

In the third part, the narrator describes the events after Matryona’s death, the same callousness of people, the woman’s relatives and friends, who, after the woman’s death, flew like crows into the remains of her yard, trying to quickly steal and plunder everything, condemning Matryona for her righteous life.

Main characters

Genre

The publication of Matryona's Yard caused much controversy among Soviet critics. Tvardovsky wrote in his notes that Solzhenitsyn is the only writer who expresses his opinion without regard to the authorities and the opinions of critics.

Everyone clearly came to the conclusion that the writer’s work belongs to "monumental story", so in a high spiritual genre a description of a simple Russian woman is given, personifying universal human values.

Work test

Rating analysis

Average rating: 4.7. Total ratings received: 1601.

ANALYSIS OF A. I. SOLZHENITSYN’S STORY “MATRENIN’S Dvor”

The purpose of the lesson: to try to understand how the writer sees the phenomenon of a “common man”, to understand the philosophical meaning of the story.

Methodological techniques: analytical conversation, comparison of texts.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

1.Teacher's word

The story "Matrenin's Dvor", like "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", was written in 1959 and published in 1964. "Matrenin's Dvor" is an autobiographical work. This is Solzhenitsyn’s story about the situation in which he found himself after returning “from the dusty hot desert,” that is, from the camp. He “wanted to worm his way in and get lost in the very interior of Russia,” to find “a quiet corner of Russia away from the railways.” The former camp inmate could only get hired for hard work, but he wanted to teach. After his rehabilitation in 1957, Solzhenitsyn worked for some time as a physics teacher in the Vladimir region, living in the village of Miltsevo with the peasant woman Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova (there he completed the first edition of “In the First Circle”). The story “Matrenin's Dvor” goes beyond ordinary memories, but acquires deep meaning and is recognized as a classic. It was called “brilliant,” “a truly brilliant work.” Let's try to understand the phenomenon of this story.

P. Checking homework.

Let's compare the stories "Matrenin's Dvor" and "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich."

is not aware of the surrounding absurdity, is not aware of the horror of his existence. He humbly and patiently bears his cross, just like Matryona Vasilievna.

But the heroine’s patience is akin to the patience of a saint.

How is the character of the heroine revealed in the story?

What is the theme of the story?

But the story is not only about the suffering, troubles, and injustice that befell the Russian woman. wrote about it this way: “Why is the fate of the old peasant woman, told in a few pages, of such great interest to us? This woman is unread, illiterate, a simple worker. And yet, her spiritual world is endowed with such a quality that we talk to her as if we were talking to Anna Karenina.” Solzhenitsyn responded to Tvardovsky: “You pointed out the very essence - a woman who loves and suffers, while all the criticism was always scouring the top, comparing the Talnovsky collective farm and the neighboring ones.” Writers go to the main theme of the story - “how people live.” To survive what Matryona Vasilievna had to go through and remain a selfless, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not to become embittered at fate and people, to preserve her “radiant smile” until old age - what mental strength is needed for this!

The movement of the plot is aimed at understanding the secrets of the character of the main character. Matryona reveals herself not so much in the everyday present as in the past. Remembering her youth, she says: “It’s you who haven’t seen me before, Ignatich. All my bags were five pounds, I didn’t consider them heavy. The father-in-law shouted: “Matryona, you’ll break your back!” The Divir didn’t come near me to put my end of the log on the front.” It turns out that Matryona was once young, strong, beautiful, one of those Nekrasov peasant women who “stopped a galloping horse”: “Once the horse was frightened and carried the sleigh to the lake, the men jumped away, but I, however, grabbed the bridle and stopped...” And at the last moment of her life, she rushed to “help the men” at the crossing - and died.

These lyrical, bright lines reveal the charm, spiritual beauty, and depth of Matryona’s experiences. Outwardly unremarkable, reserved, undemanding, Matryona turns out to be an extraordinary, sincere, pure, open person. The more acute is the feeling of guilt that the narrator experiences: “There is no Matryona. A loved one was killed. And on the last day I reproached her padded jacket.” “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” The final words of the story return to the original title - “A village is not worth it without a righteous man” and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning.

What is the symbolic meaning of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”?

Sh. TEACHER'S WORD.

The righteous Matryona is the writer’s moral ideal, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based. According to Solzhenitsyn, the meaning of earthly existence is not prosperity, but the development of the soul.” Connected with this idea is the writer’s understanding of the role of literature and its connection with the Christian tradition. Solzhenitsyn continues one of the main traditions of Russian literature, according to which the writer sees his purpose in preaching truth, spirituality, and is convinced of the need to pose “eternal” questions and seek answers to them. He spoke about this in his Nobel lecture: “In Russian literature, we have long been ingrained in the idea that a writer can do a lot among his people - and should... Once he has taken up his word, he can never evade: a writer is not an outside judge of his compatriots and contemporaries, he is a co-author of all the evil committed in his homeland or by his people.”