Solzhenitsyn Matrenin yard critic. Detailed analysis of the story "Matrenin's Dvor" by Solzhenitsyn

ANALYSIS OF A.I. SOLZHENITSYN’S STORY “MATRENIN’S Dvor”

The purpose of the lesson: to try to understand how the writer sees the phenomenon of a “common man”, to understand the philosophical meaning of the story.

Methodological techniques: analytical conversation, comparison of texts.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

1.Teacher's word

The story "Matrenin's Dvor", like "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", was written in 1959 and published in 1964. “Matrenin’s Dvor” is an autobiographical work. This is Solzhenitsyn’s story about the situation in which he found himself after returning “from the dusty hot desert,” that is, from the camp. He “wanted to worm his way in and get lost in the very interior of Russia,” to find “a quiet corner of Russia away from the railways.” The former camp inmate could only get hired for hard work, but he wanted to teach. After his rehabilitation in 1957, Solzhenitsyn worked for some time as a physics teacher in the Vladimir region, living in the village of Miltsevo with the peasant woman Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova (there he completed the first edition of “In the First Circle”). The story “Matrenin’s Dvor” goes beyond ordinary memories, but acquires deep meaning and is recognized as a classic. It was called “brilliant,” “a truly brilliant work.” Let's try to understand the phenomenon of this story.

P. Check homework.

Let's compare the stories "Matrenin's Dvor" and "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich."

Both stories are stages in the writer’s understanding of the phenomenon of the “common man,” the bearer of mass consciousness. The heroes of both stories are “ordinary people”, victims of a soulless world. But the attitude towards the heroes is different. The first was called “A village does not stand without a righteous person,” and the second was called Shch-854 (One Day of One Prisoner).” “Righteous” and “convict” are different assessments. What appears to Matryona as “high” (her apologetic smile in front of the formidable chairwoman, her compliance in the face of the insolent pressure of her relatives), in Ivan Denisovich’s behavior is indicated by “working extra money,” “serving a rich brigadier with dry felt boots right on his bed,” “running through the quarters, where someone needs to serve someone, sweep or offer something.” Matryona is depicted as a saint: “Only she had fewer sins than her lame cat. She was strangling mice...” Ivan Denisovich is an ordinary person with sins and shortcomings. Matryona is not of this world. Shukhov belongs to the world of the Gulag, he has almost settled down in it, studied its laws, and developed a lot of devices for survival. During the 8 years of his imprisonment, he became accustomed to the camp: “He himself didn’t know whether he wanted it or not,” he adapted: “It’s as it should be - one works, one watches”; “Work is like a stick, it has two ends: if you do it for people, give it quality; if you do it for a fool, give it show.” True, he managed not to lose his human dignity, not to sink to the position of a “wick” that licks bowls.

Ivan Denisovich himself is not aware of the surrounding absurdity, is not aware of the horror of his existence. He humbly and patiently bears his cross, just like Matryona Vasilievna.

But the heroine’s patience is akin to the patience of a saint.

In “Matryona’s Dvor” the image of the heroine is given in the perception of the narrator; he evaluates her as a righteous woman. In “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” the world is seen only through the eyes of the hero and is assessed by him himself. The reader also evaluates what is happening and cannot help but be horrified and shocked by the description of the “almost happy” day.

How is the character of the heroine revealed in the story?

What is the theme of the story?

Matryona is not of this world; the world, those around her condemn her: “and she was unclean; and I didn’t chase the factory; and not careful; and she didn’t even keep a pig, for some reason she didn’t like to feed it; and, stupid, helped strangers for free...”

In general, he lives “in desolation.” Look at Matryona’s poverty from all angles: “For many years, Matryona Vasilyevna did not earn a ruble from anywhere. Because she was not paid a pension. Her family didn't help her much. And on the collective farm she did not work for money - for sticks. For sticks of workdays in a littered accountant’s book.”

But the story is not only about the suffering, troubles, and injustice that befell the Russian woman. A.T. Tvardovsky wrote about it this way: “Why is the fate of the old peasant woman, told on a few pages, of such great interest to us? This woman is unread, illiterate, a simple worker. And yet, her spiritual world is endowed with such a quality that we talk to her as if we were talking to Anna Karenina.” Solzhenitsyn responded to Tvardovsky: “You pointed out the very essence - a woman who loves and suffers, while all the criticism was always scouring the top, comparing the Talnovsky collective farm and the neighboring ones.” Writers come out main topic story - “how people live.” To survive what Matryona Vasilievna had to go through and remain a selfless, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not to become embittered at fate and people, to preserve her “radiant smile” until old age - what mental strength is needed for this!

The movement of the plot is aimed at understanding the secrets of character main character. Matryona reveals herself not so much in the everyday present as in the past. Remembering her youth, she says: “It’s you who haven’t seen me before, Ignatich. All my bags were five pounds, I didn’t consider them heavy. The father-in-law shouted: “Matryona, you’ll break your back!” The Divir didn’t come near me to put my end of the log on the front.” It turns out that Matryona was once young, strong, beautiful, one of those Nekrasov peasant women who “stopped a galloping horse”: “Once the horse was frightened and carried the sleigh to the lake, the men jumped away, but I, however, grabbed the bridle and stopped...” And at the last moment of her life, she rushed to “help the men” at the crossing - and died.

And Matryona reveals herself from a completely unexpected side when she talks about her love: “for the first time I saw Matryona in a completely new way,” “That summer... we went with him to sit in the grove,” she whispered. - There was a grove here... I didn’t get out without a little, Ignatich. The German war has begun. They took Thaddeus to war... He went to war and disappeared... For three years I hid, waited. And no news, and not a bone...

Tied with an old faded handkerchief, Matryona’s round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp - as if freed from wrinkles, from an everyday careless outfit - frightened, girlish, faced with a terrible choice.

These lyrical, bright lines reveal the charm, spiritual beauty, and depth of Matryona’s experiences. Outwardly unremarkable, reserved, undemanding, Matryona turns out to be an extraordinary, sincere, pure, open person. Them sharper feeling the guilt that the narrator experiences: “There is no Matryona. Killed dear person. And on the last day I reproached her padded jacket.” “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” The final words of the story return to original name- “A village is not worth without a righteous man” and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalization, philosophical meaning.

What symbolic meaning story "Matrenin's Dvor"?

Many of Solzhenitsyn’s symbols are associated with Christian symbolism, images-symbols of the way of the cross, a righteous man, a martyr. The first title “Matryonina Dvora2” directly points to this. And the name “Matrenin’s Dvor” itself is general in nature. The courtyard, Matryona’s house, is the refuge that the narrator finally finds in search of “inner Russia” after many years of camps and homelessness: “I didn’t like this place any more in the whole village.” The symbolic likening of the House to Russia is traditional, because the structure of the house is likened to the structure of the world. In the fate of the house, the fate of its owner is, as it were, repeated, predicted. Forty years have passed here. In this house she survived two wars - German and World War II, the death of six children who died in infancy, the loss of her husband, who went missing during the war. The house is deteriorating - the owner is getting old. The house is being dismantled like a person - “rib by ribs”, and “everything showed that the breakers are not builders and do not expect Matryona to have to live here for a long time.”

It’s as if nature itself resists the destruction of the house - first a long snowstorm, enormous snowdrifts, then a thaw, damp fogs, streams. And the fact that Matryona’s holy water inexplicably disappeared seems to be a bad omen. Matryona dies along with the upper room, with part of her house. The owner dies and the house is completely destroyed. Until spring, Matryona's hut was stuffed like a coffin - buried.

Matryona’s fear of the railway is also symbolic in nature, because it is the train, a symbol of a world and civilization hostile to peasant life, that will flatten both the upper room and Matryona herself.

Sh. TEACHER'S WORD.

The righteous Matryona is the writer’s moral ideal, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based. According to Solzhenitsyn, the meaning of earthly existence is not prosperity, but the development of the soul.” Connected with this idea is the writer’s understanding of the role of literature and its connection with the Christian tradition. Solzhenitsyn continues one of the main traditions of Russian literature, according to which the writer sees his purpose in preaching truth, spirituality, and is convinced of the need to pose “eternal” questions and seek answers to them. He spoke about this in his Nobel lecture: “In Russian literature, we have long been ingrained in the idea that a writer can do a lot among his people - and should... Once he has taken up his word, he can never evade: a writer is not an outside judge of his compatriots and contemporaries, he is a co-author of all the evil committed in his homeland or by his people.”

"Matrenin's Dvor" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

“A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man” - this is the original title of the story. The story echoes many works of Russian classical literature. Solzhenitsyn seems to be transporting one of Leskov’s heroes to the historical era of the 20th century, the post-war period. And the more dramatic, the more tragic is the fate of Matryona in the midst of this situation.

The life of Matryona Vasilievna is seemingly ordinary. She devoted her entire life to work, selfless and hard peasant work. When the construction of collective farms began, she went there too, but due to illness she was released from there and was now brought in when others refused. And she didn’t work for money, she never took money. Only later, after her death, her sister-in-law, with whom the narrator settled, will remember evilly, or rather, remind her of this strangeness of hers.

But is Matryona’s fate really that simple? And who knows what it’s like to fall in love with a person and, without waiting for him, to marry someone else, unloved, and then see your betrothed a few months after the wedding? And then what is it like to live with him side by side, to see him every day, to feel guilty for the failure of his and your life? Her husband didn't love her. She bore him six children, but none of them survived. And she had to take in raising the daughter of her beloved, but now a stranger. How much spiritual warmth and kindness accumulated in her, that’s how much she invested in her adopted daughter Kira. Matryona survived so much, but did not lose the inner light with which her eyes shone and her smile shone. She did not hold a grudge against anyone and was only upset when they offended her. She is not angry with her sisters, who appeared only when everything in her life was already prosperous. She lives with what she has. And therefore I have not saved anything in my life except two hundred rubles for a funeral.

The turning point in her life was when they wanted to take away her room. She did not feel sorry for the good, she never regretted it. She was afraid to think that they would destroy her house, in which her whole life had flown by in one moment. She spent forty years here, endured two wars, a revolution that flew by with echoes. And for her to break and take away her upper room means to break and destroy her life. This was the end for her. The real ending of the novel is not accidental either. Human greed destroys Matryona. It is painful to hear the author’s words that Thaddeus, because of whose greed the case began, on the day of Matryona’s death and then the funeral, only thinks about the abandoned log house. He does not feel sorry for her, does not cry for the one whom he once loved so dearly.

Solzhenitsyn shows the era when the principles of life were turned upside down, when property became the subject and goal of life. It is not for nothing that the author asks the question why things are called “good”, because they are essentially evil, and terrible. Matryona understood this. She didn’t care about outfits, she dressed like a villager. Matryona is the embodiment of true folk morality, universal morality, on which the whole world rests.

So Matryona remained not understood by anyone, not truly mourned by anyone. Only Kira alone cried, not according to custom, but from the heart. They feared for her sanity.

The story is masterfully written. Solzhenitsyn is a master of subject detail. He builds a special three-dimensional world from small and seemingly insignificant details. This world is visible and tangible. This world is Russia. We can say with precision where in the country the village of Talnovo is located, but we understand very well that in this village there is all of Russia. Solzhenitsyn connects the general and the particular and encloses it in a single artistic image.

Plan

1. The narrator gets a job as a teacher in Talnovo. Settles in with Matryona Vasilyevna.
2. Gradually the narrator learns about her past.
3. Thaddeus comes to Matryona. He is busy with the upper room, which Matryona promised Kira, his daughter, raised by Matryona.
4. While transporting a log house across the railway tracks, Matryona, her nephew and Kira's husband die.
5. There have been long disputes over Matryona's hut and property. And the narrator moves in with her sister-in-law.

Analysis of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” includes characteristics of its characters, summary, history of creation, disclosure main idea and the problems raised by the author of the work.

According to Solzhenitsyn, the story is based on real events, “completely autobiographical.”

At the center of the story is a picture of life in a Russian village in the 50s. 20th century, the problem of the village, discussions on the main human values, issues of goodness, justice and compassion, the problem of labor, the ability to help a neighbor who finds himself in a difficult situation. The righteous man possesses all these qualities, without whom “the village does not stand.”

The history of the creation of "Matryonin's Dvor"

Initially, the title of the story was: “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.” The final version was proposed at an editorial discussion in 1962 by Alexander Tvardovsky. The writer noted that the meaning of the title should not be moralizing. In response, Solzhenitsyn good-naturedly concluded that he had no luck with names.

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn (1918 - 2008)

Work on the story took place over several months, from July to December 1959. Solzhenitsyn wrote it in 1961.

In January 1962, during the first editorial discussion, Tvardovsky convinced the author, and at the same time himself, that the work was not worth publishing. And yet he asked to leave the manuscript with the editor. As a result, the story was published in 1963 in the New World.

It is noteworthy that the life and death of Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova are reflected in this work as truthfully as possible - exactly as it really happened. The real name of the village is Miltsevo, it is located in the Kuplovsky district of the Vladimir region.

Critics warmly greeted the author's work, praising it artistic value. The essence of Solzhenitsyn’s work was very accurately described by A. Tvardovsky: an uneducated, simple woman, an ordinary worker, an old peasant woman... how can such a person attract so much attention and curiosity?

Maybe because she inner world very rich and exalted, endowed with the best human qualities, and against its background everything worldly, material, empty fades. Solzhenitsyn was very grateful to Tvardovsky for these words. In a letter to him, the author noted the importance of his words for himself, and also pointed out the depth of his writer's vision, from which the main idea of ​​​​the work was not hidden - a story about a loving and suffering woman.

Genre and idea of ​​the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

"Matrenin's Dvor" belongs to the short story genre. This is a narrative epic genre, the main features of which are the small volume and unity of the event.

Solzhenitsyn’s work tells about the unfairly cruel fate of the common man, about the life of villagers, about the Soviet order of the 50s of the last century, when after the death of Stalin, an orphan Russian people I didn’t understand how to live further.

The narration is told on behalf of Ignatyich, who throughout the entire plot, as it seems to us, acts only as an abstract observer.

Description and characteristics of the main characters

The list of characters in the story is small; it comes down to a few characters.

Matryona Grigorieva- an elderly woman, a peasant who worked all her life on a collective farm and who was released from heavy manual labor due to a serious illness.

She always tried to help people, even strangers. When the narrator comes to her to rent a house, the author notes the modesty and selflessness of this woman.

Matryona never intentionally looked for a tenant and did not seek to profit from this. All her property consisted of flowers, an old cat and a goat. Matryona's dedication knows no bounds. Even her marital union with the groom's brother is explained by her desire to help. Since their mother died, there was no one to do housework, then Matryona took on this burden.

The peasant woman had six children, but they all died at an early age. Therefore, the woman began raising Kira, youngest daughter Thaddeus. Matryona worked from early morning until late evening, but never showed her dissatisfaction to anyone, did not complain about fatigue, did not grumble about fate.

She was kind and sympathetic to everyone. She never complained and didn't want to be a burden to anyone. Matryona decided to give her room to the grown-up Kira, but to do this it was necessary to divide the house. During the move, Thaddeus' things got stuck on railway, and the woman died under the wheels of the train. From that moment on, there was no person capable of selfless help.

Meanwhile, Matryona's relatives thought only about profit, about how to divide the things left from her. The peasant woman was very different from the rest of the villagers. This was the same righteous man - the only one, irreplaceable and so invisible to the people around him.

Ignatyich is the prototype of the writer. At one time, the hero served exile, then he was acquitted. Since then, the man set out to find a quiet corner where he could spend the rest of his life in peace and serenity, working as a simple school teacher. Ignatyich found his refuge with Matryona.

The narrator is a private person who does not like excessive attention and long conversations. He prefers peace and quiet to all this. Meanwhile, he managed to find a common language with Matryona, but due to the fact that he did not understand people well, he was able to comprehend the meaning of the peasant woman’s life only after her death.

Thaddeus- Matryona’s former fiancé, Efim’s brother. In his youth, he was going to marry her, but he went into the army, and there was no news of him for three years. Then Matryona was given in marriage to Efim. Having returned, Thaddeus almost hacked to death his brother and Matryona with an ax, but came to his senses in time.

The hero is distinguished by cruelty and intemperance. Without waiting for Matryona’s death, he began to demand part of the house from her for her daughter and her husband. Thus, it is Thaddeus who is to blame for the death of Matryona, who was hit by a train while helping her relatives take apart their house piece by piece. He was not at the funeral.

The story is divided into three parts. The first talks about the fate of Ignatyich, that he is a former prisoner and now works as a school teacher. Now he needs a quiet refuge, which the kind Matryona gladly provides him with.

The second part tells about the difficult events in the life of a peasant woman, about the youth of the main character and the fact that the war took her lover away from her and she had to throw in her lot with an unloved man, the brother of her fiancé.

In the third episode, Ignatyich learns about the death of a poor peasant woman and talks about the funeral and wake. Relatives squeeze out tears because circumstances require it. There is no sincerity in them, their thoughts are occupied only with how best to divide the property of the deceased.

Problems and arguments of the work

Matryona is a person who does not demand rewards for her good deeds; she is ready to sacrifice herself for the good of another person. They don’t notice her, don’t appreciate her, and don’t try to understand her. Matryona's whole life is full of suffering, starting from her youth, when she had to unite her fate with an unloved person, experiencing the pain of loss, ending with maturity and old age with their frequent illnesses and hard manual labor.

The meaning of the heroine’s life is in hard work, in which she forgets about all the sorrows and problems. Her joy is caring for others, helping, compassion and love for people. This is the main theme of the story.

The problem of the work comes down to issues of morality. The fact is that in the village material values ​​are placed above spiritual ones, they prevail over humanity.

The complexity of Matryona's character and the sublimity of her soul are inaccessible to the understanding of the greedy people surrounding the heroine. They are driven by the thirst for accumulation and profit, which obscures their vision and does not allow them to see the kindness, sincerity and dedication of the peasant woman.

Matryona serves as an example that the difficulties and hardships of life strengthen strong in spirit man, they are unable to break him. After the death of the main character, everything that she built begins to collapse: the house is taken away into pieces, the remains of the pitiful property are divided, the yard is left to the mercy of fate. No one sees what a terrible loss has occurred, what a wonderful person has left this world.

The author shows the frailty of material things, teaches not to judge people by money and regalia. The true meaning lies in moral character. It remains in our memory even after the death of the person from whom this amazing light of sincerity, love and mercy emanated.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 1

1. The story "Matryonin's Dvor":

B) based on fiction;

C) is based on eyewitness accounts and contains elements of fiction.

2. The narration in the story is:

A) in the first person;

B) from a third party;

B) two narrators.

3. Function of exposition in a story:

A) introduce the reader to the main characters;

B) intrigue the reader with a mystery that explains the slow movement of a train along a section of railway track;

C) introduce the scene of action and indicate the narrator’s involvement in the events

events.

4. The narrator settled in Talnovo, hoping to find patriarchal Russia:

A) and was upset when he saw that the residents were unfriendly towards each other;

B) and did not regret anything, because I recognized the folk wisdom and sincerity of the residents of Talnovo;

B) and stayed to live there forever.

5. The narrator, paying attention to everyday life, talking about an elderly cat, a goat, mice and cockroaches living freely in Matryona’s house:

A) did not approve of the housewife’s sloppiness, although he did not tell her about it so as not to offend her;

B) emphasized that kind heart Matryona felt sorry for all living things, and she sheltered in the house those

who needed her compassion;

B) showed details of village life.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 2

1. In contrast to the detailed description of Thaddeus, the portrait of Matryona is stingy in detail:

“Tied with an old faded handkerchief, Matryona’s round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp...” This allows:

B) indicate that she belongs to the villagers;

C) see the deep subtext in the description of Matryona: her essence is revealed not by the portrait, but by the way she lives and communicates with people.

2. The technique of arranging images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses at the end of the story ( ), called:

3. What the author says: “But it must have come to our ancestors from the very Stone Age because, once heated before daylight, it stores warm feed and swill for livestock, food and water for humans all day long. And sleep warmly."

5. How does the fate of the narrator of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” resemble the fate of the author A. Solzhenitsyn?

5. When was the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” written?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 3

1. Matryona told the narrator Ignatich the story of her bitter life:

A) because she had no one to talk to;

B) because he also had to go through difficult times, and he learned to understand and sympathize;

B) because she wanted to be pitied.

2. A short acquaintance with Matryona allowed the author to understand her character. He was:

A) kind, delicate, sympathetic;

B) closed, taciturn;

B) cunning, mercantile.

3. Why was it difficult for Matryona to give up the upper room during her lifetime??

4. What did the narrator want to do in the village?

5. Indicate on whose behalf the narration is told in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”

B) objective narration

D) an outside observer

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 4

A) went for holy water at Epiphany;

B) cried when she heard Glinka’s romances on the radio, taking this music to her heart;

B) agreed to give the upper room for scrapping.

2. Main theme of the story:

A) Thaddeus’s revenge on Matryona;

B) the alienation of Matryona, who lived secluded and lonely;

C) the destruction of Matryona’s courtyard as a haven of kindness, love and forgiveness.

3. Waking up one night in the smoke that Matryona rushed to save?

4. After Matryona’s death, her sister-in-law said about her: “...stupid, she helped strangers for free.” Were people strangers to Matryona? What is the name of this feeling, on which Rus' still rests, according to Solzhenitsyn?

5. Indicate the second title of Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”

A) “The incident at Krechetovka station”

B) "Fire"

C) “A village is not worthwhile without the righteous”

D) “business as usual”

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 5

A) highlight the hero’s solidity, dignity, and strength.

B) show the resilience of the once “resin hero” who did not waste his kindness and generosity;

C) more clearly reveal the hero’s anger, hatred, and greed.

2. The narrator is:

A) an artistically generalized character showing the full picture of events;

B) character a story, with its own life story, self-characterization and speech;

B) neutral narrator.

3. What did Matryona feed her tenant??

4. Continue.“But Matryona was by no means fearless. She was afraid of fire, she was afraid of lightning, and most of all for some reason....”

a) “Torfoprodukt Village”

b) “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous person”

c) “Tulleless Matryona”

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 6

1. Depicting the crying of relatives for the deceased Matryona,

A) shows the closeness of the heroes to the Russian national epic;

B) shows the tragedy of events;

C) reveals the essence of the heroine’s sisters, who are crying over Matryona’s inheritance.

2. A tragic omen of events can be considered:

A) the loss of a lame cat;

B) loss of home and everything connected with it;

C) discord in relations with sisters.

3. Matryona's clock was 27 years old and it was in a hurry all the time, why didn't this bother the owner??

4. Who is Kira?

5. What is the tragedy of the ending? What does the author want to tell us? What worries him?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 7

1. Solzhenitsyn calls Matryona a righteous woman, without whom the village does not stand, according to the proverb. He came to this conclusion:

A) since Matryona always spoke the right words, they listened to her opinion;

B) because Matryona observed Christian customs;

C) when the image of Matryona became clear to him, close, like her life without the race for goodness, for clothes.

2. What words do the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” begin with?

3. What connects the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” and?

4. What was the original title of the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”?

5. What was hanging “on the wall for beauty” in Matryona’s house?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 8

1. Matryona cooked food in three cast iron pots. In one - for himself, in the other - for Ignatichu, and in the third -...?

3. What was the surest way for Matryona to regain her good mood?

4. What event or omen happened to Matryona at Epiphany?

5. Name full name Matryona .

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 9

1. What part of the house did Matryona bequeath to her pupil Kira??

2. What historical period is the story talking about?

a) after the revolution

b) after World War II

3. What music heard on the radio did Matryona like??

4. What kind of weather did Matryona call duel?

5. " From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the entryway, now shortened, glowed slightly pink, and Matryona’s face was warmed by this reflection. Those people always have good faces, who....” Continue.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 10

1. What was Thaddeus thinking as he stood at the tombs of his son and the woman he had once loved?

2. What is the main idea of ​​the story?

a) depiction of the hardship of life of the peasantry of collective farm villages

b) tragic fate village woman

c) loss of spiritual and moral foundations by society

d) displaying the type of eccentric in Russian society

3. Continue: “Misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not have a sociable disposition, a stranger to her sisters, sisters-in-law, funny, stupidly working for others for free - she did not accumulate property for death. A dirty white goat, a lanky cat, ficus trees...
We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the one....”

4.

5. What artistic details help the author create the image of the main character?

a) lumpy cat

b) potato soup

c) a large Russian stove

d) silent but lively crowd of ficus trees

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 11

1. What is the meaning of the namestory?

a) the story is named after the place of action

b) Matrenin’s yard is a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world

c) a symbol of the destruction of the world of spirituality, goodness and mercy in the Russian village

2. What is the main idea of ​​this story? What Solzhenitsyn puts into the image of the old woman Matryona?

3. What is the peculiarity of the image systemstory?

a) built on the principle of pairing characters

b) the heroes surrounding Matryona are selfish, callous, they took advantage of the kindness of the main character

c) emphasizes the loneliness of the main character

d) designed to highlight the character of the main character

4. Write what Matryona's fate was.

5. How did Matryona live? Was she happy in life??

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 12

1. Why didn't Matryona have children?

2. What was Thaddeus worried about after the death of his son and his former beloved woman?

3. What did Matryona bequeath?

4. How can you characterize the image of the main character?

a) a naive, funny and stupid woman who has worked for others for free all her life

b) an absurd, poor, wretched old woman abandoned by everyone

c) a righteous woman who has not sinned in any way against the laws of morality

a) in artistic details

b) in a portrait

c) the nature of the description of the event underlying the story

e) the heroine’s internal monologues

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 13

1. Which type of traditional thematic classification does this story belong to?

1) Village 2) military prose 3) intellectual prose 4) urban prose

2. What type literary heroes Can it be attributed to Matryona?

1) extra person, 2) little man, 3) premature person 4) righteous person

3. The story “Matryonin’s Dvor” was written in the traditions of:

4. The house destruction episode is:

1) plot 2) exposition 3) climax 4) denouement

5. Which traditions ancient genre can be found in the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”?

1) parables 2) epics 3) epics 4) lives

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 14

1. What is the original title of the story?

1) “Life is not based on lies” 2) “A village is not worth it without a righteous person” 3) “Be kind!” 4) “The Death of Matryona”

2. The specific subject of the narrative, designated by the pronoun “I” and the first person of the verb, the protagonist of the work, the mediator between the image of the author and the reader is called:

3. Words found in the story "problem", “to the terrible”, “upper room” are called:

1) professional 2) dialectal 3) words with figurative meaning

4. Name the technique that the author uses when depicting the characters of Matryona and Thaddeus:

1) antithesis 2) mirror composition 3) comparison

5. The technique of arranging images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses at the end of the story ( village - city - all the land is ours), called:

1) hyperbole 2) gradation 3) antithesis 4) comparison

Answers:

Option 1

1 – a

3 – in

4 – a

5 – b

Option 2

2-gradation

3 - About the Russian stove.

Option 3

3. “I didn’t feel sorry for the upper room itself, which stood idle, just as Matryona never felt sorry for her work or her goods. And this room was still bequeathed to Kira. But it was scary for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years.”

4. teacher

Option 4

3. She began to throw ficus trees on the floor so that they would not suffocate from the smoke.

4. Righteous

Option 5

1. V

2. 2.

3. “Unhulled cardboard soup”, “cardboard soup” or barley porridge.

4. Trains.

5. b

Option 6

3. If only they didn’t lag behind, so as not to be late in the morning.”

4. Kindergarten

5. Matryona perishes - Matryonin’s yard perishes - Matryonin’s world is the special world of the righteous. The world of spirituality, kindness, mercy, which was also written about. No one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona, something valuable and important leaves life. Righteous Matryona is the writer’s moral ideal, on which the life of society should be based. All of Matryona’s actions and thoughts were consecrated with a special holiness, not always understandable to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Rus', and without them “ don't stand the village" The final words of the story return to the original title - “ A village is not worth it without a righteous man"and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning. Village- symbol moral life, national roots of man, the village - all of Russia.

Option 7

1. IN

2. “At one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometer from Moscow along the line that goes to Murom and Kazan, for a good six months after that all the trains slowed down, as if to the touch.”

3. It was he who gave it this name.

4. A village cannot stand without a righteous man.”

5. Ruble posters about the book trade and the harvest.

Option 8

1. Kose.

2. About electricity.

3. Job.

4. The pot with holy water has disappeared.

5. Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna.

Option 9

1. Upper room.

2. d) 1956

2. Romances by Glinka.

3. Blizzard.

4. “At peace with your conscience.”

Option 10

1. “His high forehead was darkened by a heavy thought, but this thought was to save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryona sisters.”

2. V)

3. “...a righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand.”

4. What are Matryona's strengths and weaknesses? What did Ignatich understand for himself?

5. e) “radiant”, “kind”, “apologetic” smile

Option 11

1. V

2. the moral ideal of the writer on which the life of society should be based. All of Matryona’s actions and thoughts were consecrated with a special holiness, not always understandable to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Rus', and without them “ don't stand the village»

Option 12

1. They died

2. save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryon sisters.”

3. The true meaning of life, humble

4. IN

Solzhenitsyn's surname these days is associated exclusively with his novel “The Gulag Archipelago” and its scandalous fame. However, he began his journey as a writer as a talented short story writer, who in his stories depicted the fate of ordinary Russian people of the mid-twentieth century. The story “Matryonin’s Dvor” is the most striking example of Solzhenitsyn’s early work, which reflected his best writing talents. The many-wise Litrecon offers you its analysis.

The history of writing the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” is a series of interesting facts:

• The story is based on Solzhenitsyn’s memories of his life after returning from a labor camp, when he lived for some time in the village of Maltsevo, in the house of the peasant woman Matryona Zakharova. She became the prototype of the main character.
• Work on the work began in the summer of '59 in Crimea, and was completed in the same year. The publication was supposed to take place in the magazine " New world", but the work passed the editorial commission only the second time, thanks to the help of editor A.T. Tvardovsky.
• The censors did not want to let a story with the title “A village not stand without a righteous man” (this was the first title of Solzhenitsyn’s work) go into print. They saw in it unacceptable religious overtones. Under pressure from the editors, the author changed the title to a neutral one.
• “Matrenin’s Dvor” became Solzhenitsyn’s second work after the book “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.” It gave rise to many disputes and disagreements, and after the author emigrated, it was completely banned, like all the books of the dissident writer.
• Readers saw the story only in 1989, during the era of Perestroika, when a new principle of USSR policy - glasnost - came into force.

Direction and genre

The story "Matryonin's Dvor" was written within the framework. The writer strives for a reliable depiction of the surrounding reality. The images he created, their words and actions breathe authenticity and naturalism. The reader can believe that the events described in the story could actually happen.

The genre of this work can be defined as a story. The narrative covers a short period of time and includes a minimal number of characters. The problem is local in nature and does not affect the world as a whole. The absence of any specifics only emphasizes the typicality of the events shown.

Meaning of the name

Initially, Solzhenitsyn gave his story the title “A village is not worth without a righteous man,” which emphasized the writer’s main idea about a highly spiritual main character who unselfishly sacrifices herself for the sake of those around her and thereby binds people embittered by poverty together.

However, in the future, in order to avoid Soviet censorship, Tvardovsky advised the writer to replace the title with a less provocative one, which was done. “Matrenin’s Dvor” is both a reflection of the denouement of the work (the death of the heroine and the division of her property), and an indication of the main theme of the book - the life of a righteous woman in a village exhausted by wars and the predatory policies of the authorities.

Composition and Conflict

The story is divided into three chapters.

1. The first chapter is devoted to exposition: the author introduces us to his hero and tells us about Matryona herself.
2. In the second chapter, the beginning occurs, when the main conflict of the work is revealed, as well as the climax, when the conflict reaches its highest point.
3. The third chapter is reserved for the finale, in which everything storylines logically complete.

The conflict in the work is local in nature between the righteous old woman Matryona and those around her, who use her kindness for their own purposes. However artistic features stories create a feeling of typicality of this situation. Thus, Solzhenitsyn gives this conflict an all-Russian philosophical character. People have become embittered due to unbearable living conditions, and only a few are able to retain kindness and responsiveness.

The bottom line: what is it about?

The story begins with the fact that the narrator, having spent ten years in exile in a labor camp, settles in the village of Torfoprodukt, in the house of Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna.

Gradually main character learns the whole story of Matryona’s life, about her unsuccessful marriage, about the death of her children and husband, about her conflict with her ex-fiancé, Thaddeus, about all the difficulties that she had to go through. The narrator develops respect for the old woman, seeing in her the support on which not only the local collective farm, but the whole of Russia rests.

At the end of the story, Matryona, under pressure from Thaddeus’s family, gives it to her daughter Kira, whom she raised, as her part of her hut, bequeathed to her. However, while helping to transport the dismantled room, he dies. Matryona's relatives are sad only for show, rejoicing at the opportunity to share the old woman's inheritance.

The main characters and their characteristics

The system of images in the story “Mother’s Court” is presented by the Many-Wise Litrecon in table format.

Topics

The theme of the story “Mother’s Courtyard” is universal and is food for thought for all generations of people:

1. Soviet village life– Solzhenitsyn portrays the life of Soviet peasants as an ordeal. Village life is difficult, and the peasants themselves are mostly rude and their morals are cruel. A person has to make great efforts to remain himself in such a hostile atmosphere. The narrator emphasizes that people are exhausted by eternal wars and reforms in agriculture. They have a slave position and no prospects.
2. Kindness– the focus of kindness in the story is Matryona. The author sincerely admires the old woman. And, although in the end those around her use the heroine’s kindness for selfish purposes, Solzhenitsyn has no doubt that this is exactly how one should live - to give one’s all for the good of society and the people, and not to fill bags with wealth.
3. Responsiveness– in the Soviet village, according to the writer, there is no place for responsiveness and sincerity. All peasants think only about their own survival and do not care about the needs of other people. Only Matryona was able to retain her kindness and desire to help others.
4. Fate– Solzhenitsyn shows that often a person is not able to control his life and must obey circumstances, like Matryona, but only he controls a person’s soul, and he always has a choice: to become embittered at the world and become callous, or to preserve his humanity.
5. Righteousness– Matryona, in the eyes of the writer, looks like the ideal of a righteous Russian person who gives all of himself for the good of other people, on whom the entire Russian people and Russia rest. The theme of righteousness is revealed in the actions and thoughts of a woman, in her difficult fate. No matter what happens, she does not lose heart and does not complain. She only pities others, but not herself, although fate does not spoil her with attention. This is the essence of the righteous - to preserve the moral wealth of the soul, having gone through all life's trials, and to inspire people to moral deeds.

Problems

The problems of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” are a reflection of the problems of the development and formation of the USSR. The victorious revolution did not make the life of the people easier, but only complicated it:

1. Indifference- the main problem in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. The villagers are indifferent to each other, they are indifferent to the fate of their fellow villagers. Everyone tries to get their hands on someone else's penny, earn extra and live more satisfyingly. All people’s concerns are only about material success, and the spiritual side of life is as indifferent to them as the fate of their neighbor.
2. Poverty– Solzhenitsyn shows the unbearable conditions in which Russian peasants live, upon whom the difficult trials of collectivization and war fell. People survive, not live. They have neither medicine, nor education, nor the benefits of civilization. Even the morals of people are similar to those of the Middle Ages.
3. Cruelty– peasant life in Solzhenitsyn’s story is subordinated to purely practical interests. In peasant life there is no place for kindness and weakness; it is cruel and rude. The kindness of the main character is perceived by fellow villagers as “eccentricity” or even a lack of intelligence.
4. Greed– the focus of greed in the story is Thaddeus, who is ready, during Matryona’s lifetime, to dismantle her hut in order to increase his wealth. Solzhenitsyn condemns this approach to life.
5. War– the story mentions a war, which becomes another difficult test for the village and indirectly becomes the cause of many years of discord between Matryona and Thaddeus. She cripples people's lives, robs villages and ruins families, taking away the best of the best.
6. Death– Matryona’s death is perceived by Solzhenitsyn as a catastrophe on a national scale, because along with her that idealistic Christian Rus', which the writer so admired, dies.

main idea

In his story, Solzhenitsyn depicted the life of a Russian village in the mid-twentieth century without any embellishment, with all its lack of spirituality and cruelty. This village is contrasted with Matryona, who lives the life of a true Christian. According to the writer, it is thanks to such selfless individuals as Matryona that the whole country, clogged with poverty, war and political miscalculations, lives. The meaning of the story “Matryona’s Dvor” lies in the priority of eternal Christian values ​​(kindness, responsiveness, mercy, generosity) over the “worldly wisdom” of greedy and mired peasants. Freedom, equality and brotherhood could not replace simple truths in the minds of the people - necessity spiritual development and love for one's neighbor.

The main idea in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” is the need for righteousness in everyday life. People cannot live without moral values ​​- kindness, mercy, generosity and mutual assistance. Even if everyone loses them, there must be at least one guardian of the soul's treasury who will remind everyone of the importance of moral qualities.

What does it teach?

The story “Matryona’s Court” promotes Christian humility and self-sacrifice, which Matryona demonstrated. He shows that not everyone can live such a life, but he emphasizes that this is exactly how one should live real person. This is the moral laid down by Solzhenitsyn.

Solzhenitsyn condemns the greed, rudeness and selfishness that reign in the village, calls on people to be kinder to each other, to live in peace and harmony. This conclusion can be drawn from the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”.

Criticism

Alexander Tvardovsky himself admired Solzhenitsyn’s work, calling him a real writer, and his story - a true work art.

Before Solzhenitsyn’s arrival today, I re-read his “Righteous Woman” since five in the morning. Oh my god, writer. No jokes. A writer who is solely concerned with expressing what lies “at the core” of his mind and heart. Not a shadow of a desire to “hit the bull’s eye”, to please, to make the task of an editor or critic easier - whatever you want, get out of it, but I won’t get out of my way. I can only go further

L. Chukovskaya, who moved in journalistic circles, described the story as follows:

...What if they don’t publish Solzhenitsyn’s second work? I liked her more than the first one. She stuns with her courage, astonishes with her material, and, of course, with her literary skill; and “Matryona”... is already visible here great artist, humane, returning to us our native language, loving Russia, as Blok said, with mortally insulted love.

“Matryonin’s Dvor” caused a real explosion in the literary community and often mirror opposite reviews. Nowadays, the story is considered one of the most outstanding prose works of the second half of the twentieth century and a striking example of the work of early Solzhenitsyn.