Presentations about “Museums. Presentation "What types of museums are there?" Presentation on the topic of the largest art museums in the country

The largest museums in Russia Presentation on art on the topic of museums Presentation by an 8th grade student ANOKHINA NIKOLAY

Museum (from the Greek muzeon - House of Muses) is an institution engaged in collecting, studying, storing and exhibiting objects - monuments of natural history, material and spiritual culture, as well as educational and popularization activities.

The original museums arose from archives-libraries and ancient collections of gifts to temples. The name itself goes back to the Museum in Alexandria of Egypt, where, according to the ideas of the ancients, the Muses really lived, and gifts were brought to them. Then, from the 18th century, it also includes a building where the exhibits are located. Since the 19th century, research work carried out in museums has been added. And from the sixties of the XX century began pedagogical activity museums (special projects for children, teenagers and adults).

The origins of the museum business In pre-revolutionary Russia, the concept of especially valuable museum objects (VTMO) did not exist. In the process of realizing the cultural value of objects, their belonging to cultural heritage Several historical stages can be distinguished. The first of them is associated with highlighting the special value of works of art and historical relics on religious and mystical grounds and placing them in churches, cathedrals, monasteries and their sacristies. Other grounds for highlighting objects were their material value, their belonging to princely, then royal use. Princely treasuries existed in Kyiv, Suzdal, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tver, and Pskov. In the 14th -15th centuries. The Moscow Kremlin becomes the main treasury.

At the next stage, museum institutions emerge. The first museums in Russia appeared on the initiative of Peter I and Catherine II. And in the future, the state, the imperial house, the government created or financially supported undertakings that were the most valuable from the point of view of science, art, and prestige. Significant collections of works of art emerge and the first art museums(Hermitage), however, the emerging museums were based on collections of a closed nature, intended for a narrow circle of people.

New stage museum construction, reflecting changes in public consciousness in relation to cultural heritage, began in Russia (as well as in Europe) in the 19th century. under the influence of the Great French Revolution and the Enlightenment, which proclaimed the public affiliation of museums. A new type of museum collection is emerging, the value of which is determined not so much by scientific and artistic significance, but by moral and symbolic value, as an expression of the community and power of human culture. Public museums are being created, and the owners of private collections are transferring them for public use.

State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Moscow Kremlin", State Armory Chamber The Armory Chamber - the Moscow Treasury Museum - is part of the Grand Kremlin Palace complex. It is located in a building built in 1851 by the architect Konstantin Ton. The basis of the museum collection consists of precious objects kept for centuries in the royal treasury and the patriarchal sacristy, made in the Kremlin workshops, and also received as gifts from foreign embassies. The museum owes its name to one of the oldest Kremlin treasury depositories. Since 1960, the Armory Chamber has been part of the State Museums of the Moscow Kremlin, its branch is the Museum of Applied Arts and Life Russia XVII V. (opened in 1962) - in the former Patriarchal Chambers.

The Armory consists of nine halls: First Hall: Russian gold and silver items of the 12th - early 17th centuries; Second hall: Russian gold and silver items from the 17th - early 20th centuries; Third hall: European and eastern ceremonial weapons of the 15th-19th centuries; Fourth hall: Russian weapons XII - early XIX century; Fifth hall: Western European silver of the 13th -19th centuries; Sixth hall: Precious fabrics, facial and ornamental embroidery of the XIV-XVIII centuries. Secular costume in Russia of the 16th - early 20th centuries; Seventh Hall: Ancient state regalia and ceremonial items of the 13th-18th centuries; Eighth hall: Items of ceremonial horse decoration of the 16th-18th centuries; Ninth hall: Crews of the 16th-18th centuries.

Kunstkamera Kunstkamera - cabinet of curiosities, currently - the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences - the first museum in Russia, established by Emperor Peter the Great and located in St. Petersburg. It has a unique collection of antiques that reveal the history and life of many peoples. But many people know this museum for its collection of “freaks” - anatomical rarities and anomalies. The building of the Kunstkamera is from the beginning of the 18th century. symbol of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Hermitage State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg - the largest in Russia and one of the largest art and cultural-historical museums in the world, federal state budgetary institution culture. The museum begins its history with collections of works of art that Russian Empress Catherine II began to acquire privately. Initially, this collection was housed in a special palace wing - the Small Hermitage (from the French ermitage - a place of solitude, cell, hermitage, retreat), from which the general name of the future museum was fixed. In 1852, from the greatly expanded collection, the Imperial Hermitage was formed and opened to the public.

Modern State Hermitage Museum is a complex museum complex. The main exhibition part of the museum occupies five buildings located along the Neva River embankment in the center of St. Petersburg, the main one of which is considered to be the Winter Palace. Today, the museum's collection includes about three million works of art and monuments of world culture, from the Stone Age to the present century.

State Tretyakov Gallery(Tretyakov Gallery) (also known as the Tretyakov Gallery) is an art museum in Moscow, founded in 1856 by merchant Pavel Tretyakov and has one of the world's largest collections of Russian fine arts. The exhibition in the main building “Russian painting of the 11th - early 20th centuries” (Lavrushinsky Lane, 10) is part of the All-Russian museum association “State Tretyakov Gallery”, formed in 1986

State Russian Museum The State Russian Museum (until 1917 “Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III”) is the largest museum of Russian art in the world. Located in the central part of St. Petersburg. The modern Russian Museum is a complex museum complex. The main exhibition part of the museum occupies five buildings: the Mikhailovsky Palace (the main building of the museum) with the Benois exhibition building, the Mikhailovsky (Engineering) Castle, the Marble Palace, the Stroganov Palace and the Summer Palace of Peter I. The museum also includes the Mikhailovsky Garden, the Summer Garden, and the Mikhailovsky Garden (Engineering) Castle and the House of Peter I on Petrovskaya Embankment and a number of other buildings. The director of the museum is Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gusev. As of January 1, 2012, the museum’s collection consisted of 407,533 items.

State Museum Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts and Menu of A. S. Pushkin (abbreviated as the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin, former “Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III at the Moscow Imperial University”) - one of the largest and most significant Russian museums of European and world art. An architectural monument, located in the center of Moscow, at the address: Volkhonka Street, 12. Opened on May 31 (June 13), 1912.

Perm State Art Gallery is a regional art museum of Russia. The collections amount to about 50,000 works of fine art from ancient times to the present, representing various types art. The collections of the Perm State Art Gallery number about 50,000 items. They include works of domestic, Western European art of various art schools, styles and trends of the XV-XX centuries. These are painting, graphics, sculpture, arts and crafts and folk art Russia and Europe. The gallery contains collections of antique ceramics, art Ancient Egypt, Tibetan bronze, applied art of Japan, India, China. Authentic is the collection of works in the so-called. Perm animal style.

The pride of the gallery is the unique collection of Perm wooden sculpture, numbering about 400 monuments from the 17th - early 20th centuries. These sculptures were collected in various, mainly northern, regions of the Perm region. Also of particular value is the collection of icons of the Stroganov school.

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Museum – translated from Greek “museion”, from Latin “museum” - temple of the muses. A museum is a scientific research, scientific and educational institution that collects, stores, studies, exhibits, and popularizes works of art, objects of history, science, everyday life, industry and agriculture, materials from the life and work of great people. No wonder museums were called “bao ta” in ancient Vietnamese, which meant “repository of relics”...

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The museum is a grandiose memorial book of humanity. A.V. Lunacharsky We walk through the halls of museums, admiring the immortal creations of great masters of art and looking with curiosity at objects of old life. But, admiring the wealth of museum exhibits, we rarely think about those people who put together and preserved what now constitutes the country’s national pride. The names of many of them have long been forgotten or lost in piles of archival papers, but their work continues to live, a growing tribe of collectors, thanks to whose knowledge, love for art and energy many monuments of culture and science have been preserved. Many great and famous people of the distant past were passionate collectors. On the basis of their collections, world-famous museums were created, the history of whose creation we want to tell in our series.

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Give me a museum and I'll fill it. Pablo Picasso The Louvre is one of the most famous and most visited art museums in the world. The Louvre's collection contains almost 35,000 objects, which are exhibited across 60,000 square meters (650,000 sq ft). This is a colossal castle complex that took ~800 years to build and plan. The Louvre got its name thanks to the huge number of wolves that once lived here: Louvenia - “wolf place”.

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King Philip II Augustus (1180–1223) ordered the construction of a fortress that protected the approaches to the Ile de la Cité, where the center of Paris was then located. Charles V (1364–1380) made the Louvre his residence, and therefore the architect R. do Temple was commissioned to remodel and expand the castle. Under Francis I, from 1527, radical reconstruction of the building inside and out began. The medieval towers were demolished, and the castle took on the appearance of a Renaissance palace. The main work was carried out according to the project and under the leadership of P. Lasko. Philip II Augustus Charles V Francis I

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In 1563, the widow of Henry II, Catherine de Medici, entrusted Philippe Delorme with the construction of a new palace. It began to be called the Tuileries, as it was located on the site of a former tile factory (tuilerie). In 1871, the Tuileries Palace burned down and was never rebuilt. Under Henry IV (1589–1610), a master plan was drawn up, as a result of which the total area of the Louvre increased 4 times. In 1608, between the Louvre and the Tuileries, a gallery (420 m long) was erected along the banks of the Seine, called the Grand Gallery. It became the basis of the future museum, as it was assumed that royal collections would be housed here. Catherine de' Medici Henry IV

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In the second half of the 17th century. In the Louvre, large-scale work was undertaken to bring the appearance of the palace closer to the architecture of the Baroque era. For this purpose, one of the main creators of this style, L. Bernini, was invited to Paris from Rome. However, the project he proposed was considered too pompous. The work was entrusted to French architects. C. Perrault built the famous eastern colonnade in the classicist style. P. Leskoo (1612–1670) created a number of interiors, incl. the Augustus Hall, designed to house royal collections of ancient statues, weapons, and medals. After a fire in 1661, Lescot recreated the Apollo gallery, the decoration and painting of which was carried out by C. Lebrun. Based on his drawings, picturesque panels for lampshades, wall cladding, reliefs, even locks and handles were made - everything down to the smallest detail. Charles Lebrun Giovanni Bernini

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In 1674, Louis XIV decided to make Versailles his residence. Work at the Louvre was suspended, and many rooms remained unfinished for a long time. After the turbulent years of the Revolution, work on the construction of the Louvre was resumed by Napoleon Bonaparte. And they acquired a grand scale. The largest architects of this era, Ch. Persier and P. Fontaine, significantly expanded the area of the Louvre through new extensions. At this time, another gallery was erected, parallel to the Great Gallery. And only in 1871 the castle acquired its modern appearance. Napoleon Bonaparte Louis XIV

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The idea of transforming the Louvre into a publicly accessible museum of sciences and arts was put forward by French educators in the mid-18th century. The artist Hubert Robert proposed a project for the reconstruction of the Grand Gallery with the aim of creating overhead lighting in it through a glazed ceiling (the project was carried out at the beginning of the 19th century). In 1793, part of the Louvre halls was transformed, and the museum was opened to the public. The core of the collection of paintings, known today throughout the world, was the collection of Francis I, which he began in the 16th century. Francis I

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Since the Louvre ceased to serve as one of the residences of the French authorities, the former administrative premises began to be gradually vacated and transferred to the museum. This process dragged on for many years. It was only in the 1960s–1980s that the last administrative institutions left the Louvre. By the 1980s, the entire complex of buildings, including the northern wing, where until recently the Ministry of Finance was located, was at the disposal of the museum.

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A new stage of construction work began in the 1980s, when the “Grand Louvre” project began, undertaken on the initiative of President F. Mitterrand: redevelopment of the Louvre center and construction of a new entrance to the museum. The project was designed by architect Yo Ming Pei. He created a large glass pyramid that rose in the center of Napoleon's Court, with three smaller pyramids around it. The glass recipe for the pyramids was specially developed in accordance with the latest technologies so that this structure emits light. Between the pyramids is a triangular pool of dark stone, barely rising above ground level. The composition, which the architect called a “landscape,” ends with a fountain. Francois Mitterrand Yo Ming Pei

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The Louvre collections contain masterpieces of art from different civilizations, cultures and eras. The museum has about 300,000 exhibits, of which only 35,000 are exhibited in the halls. Many exhibits are kept in storage because they cannot be shown to visitors for more than three months at a time for security reasons.

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Like most museums in the world, the Louvre exhibition is structured according to a chronological principle and national schools. However, these rules are not always followed. Sometimes deviations are dictated by the nature of the room, the need for separate display of works of large and small size, but there are cases when there seems to be no reason for such a division. The Louvre has six departments: painting and drawing, Egyptian antiquities, the Ancient East, Greece and Rome, sculpture (from the Middle Ages to the 19th century) and applied art. The collections are located on the first, second and partly third floors around the Quad and in galleries and offices along the Seine. Sculpture is located mainly on the ground floor, painting and applied arts- in the second and third.

Famous museums of the world

Completed by: Mitrakova Yulia Nikolaevna

Teacher MBOU "Krasnoberezhskaya Secondary School"

Kunstkamera

This is the first Russian museum founded by Peter the Great I in St. Petersburg. The population brought antiquities to the museum, bones of ancient animals - everything that was unusual and old. The Tsar loved to tell visitors about the exhibits of his museum. In gratitude for their curiosity, listeners received a free treat. Today it is called the “Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography named after. Peter the Great" and includes collections of antiquities and everyday life of the peoples of the world.

Hermitage in St. Petersburg

– Winter Palace , Small Hermitage , Old Hermitage , New Hermitage and the Hermitage Theater ,

One of the largest art and cultural-historical museums in the world. Founded in 1764 by Empress Catherine II; the main part of the collection is housed in 5 interconnected buildings on Palace Embankment – Winter Palace , Small Hermitage , Old Hermitage , New Hermitage and the Hermitage Theater , as well as in the Menshikov Palace on Vasilyevsky Island. The Hermitage collection is based on the collections of the Russian imperial house, in the 18th – early 20th centuries. constantly replenished due to the purchase of valuable foreign collections, the receipt of materials archaeological excavations etc.
One of the largest art and cultural-historical museums in the world. Founded in 1764 by Empress Catherine II; the main part of the collection is housed in 5 interconnected buildings on Palace Embankment – Winter Palace , Small Hermitage , Old Hermitage , New Hermitage and the Hermitage Theater , as well as in the Menshikov Palace on Vasilyevsky Island. The Hermitage collection is based on the collections of the Russian imperial house, in the 18th – early 20th centuries. constantly replenished by the purchase of valuable foreign collections, the receipt of materials from archaeological excavations, etc.

Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin in Moscow

The second most important collection of foreign fine art in Russia (after the Hermitage in St. Petersburg). Created on the initiative of Professor I.V. Tsvetaeva as a Museum of Casts. Initially, the museum's collection included casts of outstanding works of ancient and Western European sculpture, a unique collection of art monuments of Ancient Egypt, works of European painting, and a valuable collection of antique vases and coins. Nowadays the Museum of Fine Arts stores art monuments of the Ancient East, ancient Greece and Rome, Byzantium, Western and Eastern Europe.

One of largest museums peace. Founded in 1753. The British Museum houses monuments of art, culture and history of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece And Ancient Rome(Parthenon reliefs, the richest collection of Greek vase paintings, a collection of antique cameos), the peoples of Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Oceania, unique in size and representativeness of the collection of engravings, drawings, coins and medals. The British Museum library contains more than 7 million books, about 105 thousand manuscripts, including Egyptian papyri.

One of the best collections of Western European paintings in the world. Founded in 1824 on the basis of the collection of J. J. Angerstein. Stores collections of European schools of painting, represented by outstanding works of art, including “Madonna of the Rocks” by Leonardo da Vinci

An architectural monument and one of the largest art museums in the world. Originally a royal palace in the historical center of the city; was built since 1546. Among the masterpieces of the Louvre are the ancient Greek statues “Nike of Samothrace” and “Venus of Melos”, Michelangelo’s statues “The Rebellious Slave” and “The Dying Slave”, a portrait of Monna Lisa (“La Gioconda”)

Founded in 1870 on the basis of private collections donated to the museum, it opened in 1872. The Metropolitan Museum of Art includes departments of American painting and sculpture, weapons, art of Ancient Egypt, ancient art, European painting, engraving and lithography, and departments of musical instruments.

One of the largest art museums in the world. Founded in 1819 on the basis of royal collections. Contains the richest collection of Spanish painting of the 15th–16th centuries.

Art gallery, one of the largest in Italy. The gallery houses the world's richest collection of Italian paintings 13–18 centuries (works by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, etc.), works of ancient art, most schools of European painting, a unique selection of self-portraits of European artists.

Thank you for your attention!

What is a Museum?

Museum is an institution engaged in collecting, studying, storing and exhibiting objects - monuments of natural history, material and spiritual culture

Previously, this concept referred to a collection of exhibits on art and science, then, since the 18th century, it also included the building where the exhibits are located.

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Louvre

National Museum of France. One of the first European museums and one of the most visited museums in the world and the third largest in the world.

The museum is located in the center of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine. The most famous masterpieces of the Louvre are Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, the ancient Greek sculptures of the Venus de Milo and the Nike of Samothrace.

Museum of St. Petersburg Labyrinthum

Interactive entertaining science museum for children and adults

It opened quite recently - in December 2010. Here you can get acquainted with the basic laws of physics experimentally. The museum has a hall with optical illusions; a room with instruments where you can take part in experiments with electricity; water experiment room; mirror labyrinth.

Museum human body

The building of the museum, located in Leiden, the Netherlands, is made in the form of a human figure. Moving from floor to floor, museum visitors seem to be making a journey inside the human body: past huge organs or right through them. On special screens you can see various processes taking place in the body: digestion, oxygen supply, etc.

Instant Noodle Museum

Instant noodles were invented by the Japanese Momofuku Ando in 1958, and the museum located in Osaka contains everything that can be related to this product. Moreover, visitors can not only gawk at the exhibits, but also take part in the creation of unique noodles in a mini-factory, and they can take the finished product in a plastic cup with them.

Central Museum of Communications named after. A.S. Popova

One of the oldest scientific and technical museums, visitors can get acquainted here not only with rare exhibits related to the history of postal, telegraph and telephone communications, radio communications and broadcasting, television and space communications, but also with modern means of telecommunications.

Railway Museum

The museum is located near the Brest Fortress. Founded in 2002. Under open air You can see about 50 examples of railway equipment from the beginning and middle of the last century. A distinctive feature of the museum is that most of the exhibits are active. It’s true that you won’t be able to go for a ride, but it’s easy to arrange a photo shoot.

Darwin Museum in Moscow

An entertaining journey will introduce you to amazing animals presented in the exhibition of the halls “History of the Museum”, “Diversity of Life on Earth”, “Origin of Species (Microevolution)”, “Zoogeography”. The “Fun Museum” will tell you stories about a cone animal, a mushroom bird, a swimming hedgehog, a six-legged deer, a toy dog and other animals, birds and fish. You won't be bored in our museum.

Vienna Clock Museum

Represents the history of time measurement since 1921. Here you can see the famous Nuremberg egg and pocket sundial, as well as clocks built into paintings and singing clocks.

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Hermitage The Hermitage, the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, is one of the largest art, cultural and historical museums in the world. Founded in 1764 by Empress Catherine II;

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British Museum The British Museum in London is one of the largest museums in the world. Founded in 1753. The British Museum houses monuments of art, culture and history of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.

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Louvre Louvre in Paris, an architectural monument and one of the largest art museums in the world.

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Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York is the largest art collection in the United States and one of the largest in the world. Founded in 1870 on the basis of private collections donated to the museum, opened in 1872.

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Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin in Moscow, the second most important collection of foreign fine art in Russia (after the Hermitage in St. Petersburg). Created on the initiative of Professor I.V. Tsvetaeva on the basis of the Cabinet of Fine Arts of Moscow University as the Museum of Casts; until 1937 it was called the Museum of Fine Arts.

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National Gallery National Gallery in London The National Gallery in London, one of the world's best collections of Western European painting. Founded in 1824 on the basis of the collection of J. J. Angerstein.

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Prado Prado, the Prado National Museum of Painting and Sculpture, in Madrid, is one of the largest art museums in the world. Founded in 1819 on the basis of royal collections.

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Uffizi Uffizi in Florence, an art gallery, one of the largest in Italy. Housed in a building built for government offices (1560–1585, architects G. Vasari and B. Buontalenti). Founded in 1575 on the basis of the collections of the Medici family.

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State Tretyakov Gallery In a quiet Lavrushinsky Lane there is a building that is well known to both Muscovites and guests of the capital. This is the Tretyakov Gallery, or Tretyakovka. Art gallery bears the name of its founder - the enlightened Moscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov (1832-1898), who, collecting works of Russian art, worked for more than 30 years to create a public museum of the Russian national school of painting.