Charlotte Brontë short biography. Bronte sisters
A girl born into the family of a village priest on April 21, 1816, Charlotte Bronte, stood out among her peers from childhood thanks to her colorful imagination. She invented her childishly ideal universes in order to hide at least for a moment from the harsh, gray and ordinary reality.
But even then, Charlotte, who later became popular in the literary world under the pseudonym Carrer Bell, did not think that her abilities would open doors for her to a completely different world. What mysteries and secrets are hidden in the life of Charlotte Bronte, an ordinary girl from West Yorkshire, her biography will tell.
The beginning of life and creative path
The famous poet and prose writer of the 19th century, the Englishwoman Charlotte Bronte, whose biography is described in detail in this article, was born in a small village. Her father, Patrick, was a parish priest, and her mother, Maria, was a housewife. In total, the Brontë family had six children, Charlotte was born third:
- Mary.
- Elizabeth.
- Charlotte.
- Patrick (who received his mother's maiden name at birth - Branwell).
- Emily Bronte.
In the Bronte family, the mother was the only one doing housework. But when she died in September 1821, this responsibility passed to the eldest daughter Mary. Patrick Bronte, being a reserved man who devoted himself entirely to serving the church, devoted little time to raising his children. Therefore, all six children were mostly left to their own devices.
Of course, Charlotte Brontë's childhood was not very bright and cheerful. And her only entertainment was inventing fairy tales, the world of which was strikingly different from the bleak reality of the world around her. Captivated by her ideas, Charlotte captivated the rest of her family, and they all began to invent fantastic stories.
The closed and dull life of the girl Charlotte in 1824 was “diluted” by a new event, which became significant for all members of the Brontë family. It was this year that the older Bronte sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, entered school. The impressions they shared with little Charlotte were reflected in her novel Jane Eyre.
A few months after the death of his eldest daughter, Mary, Patrick Brontë also buried Elizabeth. Then the role of the mistress of the house had to be taken on by a nine-year-old girl who lived in the world of her fantasies and fictitious stories - Charlotte Brontë. She not only ran the household and looked after her younger brother and sisters, but also homeschooled in order to be able to get out into the world.
"Coming out"
Thanks to her skills and abilities, the matured 19-year-old Charlotte decides to get a job as a governess. But her health soon forces her to give up living in someone else's house, and she returns home.
To do this, the Bronte sisters go to Brussels. Charlotte and Emily were trained there from 1842 to 1844. This trip and course of study were partly paid for by their aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, who looked after the orphaned children after the death of their mother, Mary.
While studying the exact sciences, Charlotte simultaneously learned about the world that had opened up to her, so new and amazing, as well as the characteristics of other people and the surrounding nature, and carefully observed social life, which was still unknown to her. Returning from Brussels two years later, the sisters began active work in the literary field.
- Charlotte presented her story entitled “The Professor” to the public.
- Emily wrote the story "Wuthering Heights".
- The youngest of the sisters, Anne Bronte, wrote the story “Agnes Grey”.
It is worth noting that only two of the three works were approved for publication - the stories of Anne and Emily Bronte. But Charlotte's work was rejected by the publisher. Looking ahead, it should be said that the story “The Professor” will be published after the death of the writer.
Over the next few years, Jane Eyre will be translated into several foreign languages, including in Russian. By the way, this was a work that created a real sensation in the literary world thanks to its bright and clear images of characters, realistic settings and disregard for all conventions.
Charlotte Brontë's next work is a novel called "Shirley", which was also an undoubted success among the reading public. Throughout storyline writer Charlotte keeps readers interested by describing life truth just the way she is.
At that time, Charlotte Bronte's personal life was marked by far from joyful circumstances. In just two years, Charlotte lost almost all of her family members. First she had to bury her brother, Patrick Branwell-Bronte, followed by Emilia Bronte, and then Anne.
Late period of creativity
It is there, in an old building in Haworth, that Charlotte writes her latest novel. Published under the title “Villette” in 1853, this novel was not inferior to other works by the English writer. However, according to critics, it was not written as well in terms of plot construction as Miss Brontë's previous stories and novels.
Charlotte Brontë's books are still widely popular all over the world. Being a very impressionable person, Charlotte was able to reveal to her readers the world that she saw with her own eyes. Despite the fact that her horizons were severely limited for most of her life, she was able to convey all her sensations and observations with amazing clarity.
Like the works of the other Brontë sisters, Charlotte's books reflect her rich imagination and are at the same time quite realistic. These works were loved by the public and were appreciated. A biography of the English writer, along with her writings and the stories of the other Bronte sisters, was published in 1875 in the form of a complete collection. Author: Elena Suvorova
British novelist.
In the short biography of Charlotte Brontë, which you will find below, we tried to outline the main milestones in the life and work of the writer. Read Akhmatova's biography to give your own assessment of her work.
Charlotte Brontë began to engage in creativity as early as early years. The future writer was the third child of her parents. Patrick and Mary had four more daughters and a son. When was it born youngest daughter Ann, mom is seriously ill. Doctors discovered she had an end-stage malignant tumor of the uterus. Mary's death was very painful. She passed away at the age of 38. The children remained in the care of their father. Soon Aunt Branwell came to see them. She supported her nephews morally and financially.
Studies
The biography of Charlotte Brontë is entertaining and arouses admiration for Brontë's nature. When the future writer was 8 years old, her dad sent her to study at Cowan Bridge. The older sisters were already there. Their names were Maria and Elizabeth. After some time, Patrick brought Emily there, who was 6 years old. You could say Cowan Bridge was the worst place for the younger generation. Boarders spent whole days in rooms that were poorly heated. Almost every day they were forced to eat rotten food. However, the girls did not express their indignation. If they committed any mistake, even the most insignificant, they were punished with rods.
A short period of time after arriving at school, the future writer’s older sisters were diagnosed with tuberculosis. When dad found out about this, he immediately came and took Mary and Elizabeth. But this did not save them. Soon after arriving home, the sisters died. They were buried with their mother. Charlotte remembered Cowan Bridge for the rest of her life. Many years later, she captured the image of this hated “educational institution” in her work “Jane Eyre.”
The writer's debut and other events in the biography of Charlotte Brontë
Returning to their father's house, the children began to draw knowledge from the home library and write their first works. Thus they had a chronicle of the kingdom of Angria. When the writer gained popularity, her children's works also began to be published. Many people literally read “Legends of Angria”. When Charlotte turned 15, dad sent her to a good paid boarding school. This gave her the opportunity to teach. The future writer gave almost all her money to educate her sisters. A few years later, Charlotte and Emily went to a Brussels boarding house. Their goal was to master the French language. Since the girls were unable to pay for their studies, they began teaching English to the younger boarders.
When the sisters returned home, they decided to open their own boarding house. However, they didn't succeed. What parent would want to send their child to a poor house located almost in a cemetery? Therefore, after some time, the sisters were left without any money and were forced to give up the dream of their own enterprise. They had no choice but to start working as governesses again. Charlotte could not like the current state of affairs. First, she persuaded Emily and Anne to publish a collection of poems. And then she insisted on resolving the issue of publishing the novels. The three of them already had a “masterpiece”. Anne wrote Agnes Gray, Emily wrote Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte wrote The Teacher. The first two works were accepted, but the third was rejected. However, Charlotte did not lose the desire to be creative. Soon the girl wrote the novel “Jane Eyre”.
It is worth noting that Charlotte was not a beauty, but, as you might guess, appearance was not the key factor in the biography of Charlotte Brontë. For example, representatives of the stronger sex admired her intelligence. She often received marriage proposals. The novel "Jane Eyre" gained great popularity, and is still read with pleasure by millions of readers. The novel was also successfully filmed in modern times (read more about film adaptations in the article About film adaptations in general). This gave the writer financial independence. She was freed from the need to earn a living by teaching. Charlotte Brontë would most likely have written even more works. However, tragic events occurred every now and then in her life. First, her beloved brother died of tuberculosis. A short time later, Anne and Emily passed away. They got infected from their brother when they were caring for him. Dad began to rapidly lose his sight. Charlotte looked after him constantly.
Brief happiness of the writer
And now the writer turned 37 years old. She created wonderful stories about sublime feelings, however, she never managed to meet her soul mate. Then she was proposed to by Arthur Bell Nicholls, who played such an important role in the biography of Charlotte Bronte. This young man served for many years in the parish of Charlotte's father, Patrick, but the father really did not want his daughter to get married, because he was afraid of losing her. However, the girl inspired him that after the wedding she would stay in his house. Then her father allowed her to get married.
Charlotte Brontë found her happiness in marriage, but it was short-lived. The writer passed away a year after the wedding. Pregnancy took all her strength. She was buried with her relatives.
If you have read the biography of Charlotte Brontë, you can rate this writer at the top of the page.
In addition, in addition to the biography of Charlotte Brontë, we suggest you visit the Biographies section to read about other popular writers.
Charlotte Bronte is a famous English writer, a supporter of the feminist movement in literature. The author of the cult novel “Jane Eyre”, beloved by readers all over the world, based on the plot of which a well-known film was made. The writer also created the novels “Town”, “Shirley”, “Teacher” and “Emma”.
Childhood and youth
The future novelist was born on April 21, 1816 in West Yorkshire, a historic county in the north of England, which is replete with high mountains, endless fields and exceptional fertility. Charlotte was the third child in the family. The writer's father, Patrick Bronte, an Englishman of Irish descent, served in the church, and his mother, Maria Branwell, was a housewife.
During the Enlightenment, medicine was not developed. The incidence of scarlet fever, diphtheria and cholera increased throughout the world, and infant mortality also progressed. But the children of Patrick and Mary miraculously survived. Charlotte was brought up in a large family, in which, in addition to her, five girls and one boy grew up.
The youngest, Anne Brontë, became a writer who authored Agnes Gray and The Stranger of Wildfell Hall and wrote a number of poems, but did not receive the same fame and fame as her older sisters. The fifth daughter also chose creative path and became the author of a single but significant novel, Wuthering Heights.
The only son in the family, Patrick Branwell, also became addicted to writing, but later preferred brushes to inkwells and pens. oil paints and canvas. Thanks to this artist modern readers have an idea of what the novelists really looked like, because Patrick painted numerous portraits of his eminent relatives.
In 1820, the Brontës moved to the village of Hohert, located in West Yorkshire. Patrick was appointed to the position of vicar at the Church of St. Michael and All Angels. On September 15, 1821, an irreparable grief happened in the house: Maria died of uterine cancer, so the hardships and troubles of looking after children fell on the men’s shoulders.
In 1824, Patrick sent his daughters to study literacy at Cowan Bridge School. The future writer was not a child prodigy, but teachers said that the eight-year-old girl was much smarter than her age. However, her knowledge was fragmentary: Charlotte could not count and knew nothing about grammar and ethics.
Charlotte later recalled that the boarding house had poor conditions that undermined the already fragile health of her older sisters. In the winter of 1825, Mary contracted tuberculosis, and three months later Elizabeth was taken to bed from consumption. At that time and until the 20th century, tuberculosis was considered a deadly and practically incurable disease. The girls were unable to recover and soon died. Patrick, concerned that the epidemic would affect his other daughters, took Emily and Charlotte to Howherth.
Around the same time, while at home in Hohert Parsonage, Charlotte, Emily, Anne and Branwell took up writing in order to dilute the gray everyday life with bright colors. In their free time, the sisters sat down at the table and came up with Byronic adventure stories that took place in imaginary magical worlds and kingdoms. Charlotte and her brother wrote a work about a fictional English colony in Africa and came up with a utopian capital - the Glass City. And Emily and Anne became the authors of a series of stories called “The Chronicles of Gondal”, but this cycle has not survived. There is an opinion that the Brontës destroyed the manuscripts shortly before their death.
In 1831–1832, the future novelist continued her studies and entered Roe Head School, where she showed herself with best side. The post of director of this educational institution was occupied by Miss Margaret Wooler, with whom Brontë maintained friendly relations until the end of her life, although conflicts also occurred between the ladies. Charlotte also became friends with two friends, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor, with whom she carried on numerous correspondence.
After receiving her diploma, Charlotte began to earn her living through hard work as a teacher. But the girl did not like the path of a teacher, which contrasted with the imaginary worlds created by her brother and sisters. The writer did not consider the mundane profession of a teacher as something unusually bright that could provide background for flights of imagination and creativity. Brontë tried to sharpen her pen, but there was no time literary activity absolutely not enough. Therefore, only a small part of the poems and excerpts of works that were created in short weeks were written then. school holidays.
It is worth saying that Charlotte cared about the education of her sisters. After consulting with her father, she brought Emily to school with her and paid for her education out of her own pocket. But the girl was unable to get along in a place far from home with different laws and morals. Ultimately, Emily decided to head back to Howerth. Then Anne took her place. Later, Row Head School moved to the seedy town of Dewsbury Moor, where a gloomy and unhealthy atmosphere reigned. Under the pretext that the new area affects their health and state of mind, Charlotte and Anne left the school.
Literature
Once said:
“A truly serious attitude towards writing is one of two indispensable conditions. The second, unfortunately, is talent.”
Charlotte possessed these qualities in full. early childhood: Brontë wrote her first poem as a 13-year-old girl (her first prose was written at 10). Feeling a natural gift, the future novelist began to act. The girl sent several debut poems to the eminent English poet, prose writer and representative of the “lake school” Robert Southey. This master of the pen is famous for the fairy tale about the girl Goldilocks, who visited the three bears (thanks to the translation, the Russian reader knows this work as “Masha and the Three Bears”).
Unfortunately, Charlotte's manuscript, sent to the master, has sunk into oblivion. Therefore, biographers do not know which of the poems the girl submitted to the writer for trial. But thanks to Robert’s answer, which has survived to this day, it can be assumed that Charlotte’s lines were full of exaltation and pretentiously sublime phrases. Saunty advised the aspiring poetess to cool down. In his opinion, Charlotte was overwhelmed with enthusiasm, and this feeling is harmful to mental health. Robert also believed that for young ladies, typical female duties should come before creativity.
The master's answer had a positive effect on Bronte: the girl stopped writing poetry and turned to prose, and also preferred realism to romanticism. In 1833, Charlotte Brontë wrote her early novel, The Green Dwarf. On Robert's advice, the girl hid her true name from the public eye and used a non-trivial pseudonym - Lord Charles Albert Florian Wellesley. In this work, which is presented in gothic style, the influence of the founder can be traced historical novel– . Charlotte's manuscript is a kind of allusion to the master's work, which is called “Black Dwarf”.
Despite her young age (Charlotte was 17 at the time), Brontë uses a complex literary device and writes a “story within a story.” The plot of "The Green Dwarf" is built around a certain Lord Charles, immersed in the exciting story of his friend - Mr. John Bud, who at one time served as an officer. The events taking place take place in the world of the Glass City, invented by the Bronte sisters. Some critics agreed that the novel cannot be correlated with Charlotte's youth cycle "Legends of Angria", although "The Green Dwarf" is included in the collection.
In 1840, the writer conceived the plot of the novel “Ashworth” (which remained unfinished). The work was to be based on the biography of Alexander Ashworth, who is a reflection of the saying “there are still devils in still waters.” Alexander is neat and smart, but he has an obstinate disposition. The young man does not get along with his father, so, like a prodigal son, he leaves home away to roam the expanses of London.
Charlotte Brontë's novels "The Teacher" and "Shirley" It would seem that Charlotte's story could grow into a popular book, but the writer Hartley Coleridge, to whom Brontë wrote a letter, criticized the beginnings of the work to smithereens. Charlotte agreed with the opinion of the writer and completed work on the book. The Teacher is Brontë's debut serious novel, published posthumously in 1857. The writer tried to sell this work to editors, but her attempts were in vain, because the publishers stated that the work lacked fascination.
Charlotte Bronte's book "Jane Eyre" Charlotte's life was full of scribbled drafts and literary ups and downs. But this writer went down in history thanks to the world famous novel “Jane Eyre,” which was published in 1847. This book tells the story of a little orphaned girl, Jane, who is thrown to the margins of life. The heroine’s only relative, Mrs. Reed, does not like her niece and tries to find an opportunity to punish the “offending” girl.
Soon Eyre goes to school, her relationships with the students are going well, but in educational institution The typhus epidemic is progressing. Thus, Jane's best friend dies. The plot of this novel is trivial and talks about life little man. But Bronte was not used to using the classic clichés that the novelists of the Enlightenment were guilty of. For example, Jane never reconciled with her dying aunt.
Personal life
As you know, the white streak of life is replaced by a black streak in the blink of an eye. It would seem that Charlotte achieved success and became a recognizable writer, but irreparable grief happened - she lost her brother and two sisters. Emily and Anne died of tuberculosis. Branwell in recent years drunk in my life. This habit only worsened his physical condition. The young man died of bronchitis. In the end, Charlotte and Patrick were left alone.
In the writer’s life there were many gentlemen who sought to offer her their hand and heart. There were enough such proposals in Charlotte's life, but she was in no hurry to get married. One day Brontë met the assistant priest Arthur Bell Nicholls, who became Charlotte's chosen one. Initially future husband The writer made a far from pleasant impression on her. Brontë wrote in her diary that Arthur had a narrow mind and a limited outlook. The wedding took place in the summer of 1854. The couple had no children.
Death
In the winter of 1855, the novelist took to bed, her condition deteriorated sharply. The doctor assured that the malaise was due to signs of pregnancy. Charlotte experienced nausea every day and was unable to eat, causing her to develop signs of anorexia.
In the spring of that year, Charlotte Bronte died. The real reason The death of the great writer has not been established. There is an opinion that Charlotte died from tuberculosis, toxicosis or typhus, which her elderly maid suffered from.
Bibliography
- 1833 - “The Green Dwarf”
- 1840 - "Ashworth"
- 1846 - “Poems of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell”
- 1846 - “Teacher”
- 1847 - "Jane Eyre"
- 1849 - "Shirley"
- 1852 - “Town”
- 1860 - "Emma"
Charlotte Bronte was born on April 21, 1816 in West Yorkshire and was the third child (there were six of them - Mary, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Patrick Branwell, Emily and Anne) in the family of the Anglican clergyman Patrick Bronte (originally from Ireland) and his wife Mary, nee Branwell.
When Charlotte was eight years old, her two older sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, died of consumption. This event made Charlotte responsible for the family, and the oldest of the remaining four children, which strengthened her personality and spirit.
The writer spent eight months in 1824 at Clergy Daughters School, in the village of Cowan Bridge, which served as the prototype for Lowood School in Jane Eyre. She then spent two years as a student at Roe Head School in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, and worked as a teacher there for a further three years. It was at Roe Head that she made two true friends - Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor. Then, in 1842-1843, she was in the boarding house of Madame Heger (Brussels), where she fell in love with her own teacher, Constantin Heger. Between 1824-1831, she and her brother and sisters were homeschooled by their father and Aunt Branwell. Charlotte was a great artist, needlewoman, and, of course, writer.
Mrs Brontë wanted her daughters to become governesses. Charlotte changed two jobs - for three months (in 1839) she lived with the Sidwick family in Stonegape, in the area of Loserdale. Then she spent six months with the White family in the Upperwood House mansion in Rawdon. Charlotte did not like her job, and suggested that the three of her sisters, Emily and Anne, open their own school in Haworth. Aunt Branwell wanted to arrange the financial side of the matter, but these plans never came to fruition.
What Charlotte really wanted was to be a writer. From a very young age, she and her brother Branwell practiced writing poems and stories, relying on their rich imagination and the fictional world of "Angria". As Charlotte herself claimed, her mind was so fertile that before the age of thirteen she wrote much more than after.
In 1846, Charlotte convinced her sisters to publish a collection of poems under the male pseudonyms Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell - it was a commercial failure. However, by the end of 1847, all three sisters' debut novels had been published, and Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre was an incredible success.
After the publication of the book “Shirley” in 1849, rumors spread that a simple teacher was hiding under the male pseudonym Currer Bell. Charlotte became a celebrity in literary circles, and the publication of Villette in 1853 only strengthened her reputation.
In December 1852, Charlotte received a proposal of marriage from her father's vicar, Arthur Bell Nicholls. Charlotte's father was against this union, partly because he considered his daughter too sick to bear a child and give birth to him without dire consequences, and, in order not to upset her father, Charlotte refused Arthur. Despite this, Bell Nicholls did not give up and continued his courtship, and the couple eventually married on June 29, 1854. The marriage was happy, but very short. Charlotte Brontë died in her final stage of pregnancy on March 31, 1855.
Charlotte Bronte (pseudonym - Currer Bell, English Currer Bell) - English poet and novelist - born April 21, 1816 in West Yorkshire and was the third child (there were six of them - Mary, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Patrick Branwell, Emily and Anne) in the family of the Anglican clergyman Patrick Bronte (originally from Ireland) and his wife Mary, nee Branwell.
In 1820 The family moved to Howerth, where Patrick was appointed vicar. Charlotte's mother passed away September 15, 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to be raised by her husband Patrick.
In August 1824 her father sent Charlotte to Cowan Bridge School for the Daughters of the Clergy (her two older sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, were sent there in July 1824, and the youngest, Emily, in November).
Cowan Bridge School served as the prototype for the Lowood boarding school in the novel Jane Eyre. Poor conditions undermined the already poor health of Mary (b. 1814) and Elizabeth (b. 1815) Brontë. In February 1825, Mr. Bronte took Mary, who was ill with tuberculosis, from school; in May of the same year, the second sister, Elizabeth, was sent home, completely ill from consumption. Shortly after returning to Howhert, Charlotte's sisters died. Mr. Brontë immediately took the two younger girls home ( June 1, 1825).
At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other surviving children, Branwell, Emily and Anne, set to work chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of their imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote Byronic stories about the fictional English colonies in Africa, the center of which was the magnificent capital - the Glass Town (later Verdopolis), and Emily and Anne wrote books and poems about Gondal. Their complex and intricate sagas, rooted in the writers' childhood and early youth, determined their literary vocation.
In 1831-1832 Charlotte continued her education at Row Head School (Mirfield), headed by Miss Wooler. Charlotte maintained a good relationship with Margaret Wooler until the end of her life, although there were tensions between them. In Row Head, Charlotte met her peers Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor, with whom she became friends and subsequently corresponded.
After finishing her education, Charlotte in 1835-1838 worked as a teacher in Row Head. By family decision, Charlotte brought Emily with her to school: she paid for her younger sister’s education from her salary. However, Emily's inability to live in a new place among strangers changed the original plans: Emily had to be sent home, and Anne took her place.
In 1838 Charlotte and Anne left Miss Wooler on the pretext that the school's move to Dewsbury Moor was bad for their health. Dewsbury Moor was indeed a rather unhealthy area, but main reason Charlotte's departure was obviously fatigue from an unloved job and the inability to write (works 1835-1838 years were created in fits and starts during short weeks of school holidays).
Having started writing early, Charlotte also realized her calling and talent early. The first attempt of a future writer known to us to enter literary world applies by 1836. December 29 Charlotte sent a letter and poem to the famous poet Robert Southey, asking him for his opinion. This letter has not reached us, and therefore it is not known which poems Southey read. Southey's letter had a beneficial effect on Charlotte.
In 1840 she sends the first chapters of the novel she had planned, Ashworth, to Hartley Coleridge (son famous poet). Coleridge apparently made a number of comments, the essence of which was that the novel would not be accepted by publishers. Charlotte's conversion was apparently prompted by the advice of her brother, Branwell, who was seeing Coleridge about his translations of Horace's Odes.
In June 1839 Charlotte received her first position as governess in the Sidgwick family (from which she quickly left due to poor treatment), and in 1841- the second, in the family of Mr. and Mrs. White.
That same year, Charlotte's aunt, Miss Elizabeth Branwell, agreed to provide her nieces with money so they could start their own school. However, Charlotte suddenly changed her plans, deciding to first improve herself in French. To this end, she intended to go to one of the Belgian boarding schools. Since the money her aunt lent was only enough for one semester, Charlotte planned to find work abroad.
In 1842 Charlotte and Emily traveled to Brussels to attend a boarding school run by Constantin Heger (1809-1896) and his wife Claire-Zoe Heger (1814-1891). After studying for one semester, the girls received an offer to stay and work there, paying for the opportunity to continue their studies with their labor. The sisters' stay at the boarding house ended in October 1842, when their aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, who had been caring for the girls after their mother's death, died.
In January 1843 Charlotte returned to Brussels to teach English language. However, now her time at school was not happy: the girl was lonely, homesick and, obviously, felt that literature classes with Monsieur Eger would not help her start literary career. The feeling of time passing and the fear of wasting one’s abilities in the near future will become a constant leitmotif of Charlotte’s letters. She was probably frightened by the example of her brother, whose once bright prospects were steadily fading.
Finally, in December 1843 Charlotte decides to return to Howerth, despite the fact that she does not see any literary opportunities for herself at home.
Charlotte's Brussels experience is reflected in the novels "The Teacher" and "Villette" ("Town").
Back home January 1, 1844, Charlotte again decides to take up the project of founding her own school in order to provide herself and her sisters with income. However, the circumstances prevailing in 1844, were less favorable to such plans than was the case in 1841.
Charlotte's aunt, Mrs. Branwell, is deceased; Mr. Brontë's health and eyesight weakened. The Brontë sisters were no longer able to leave Hoerth to rent a school building in a more attractive area. Charlotte decides to found a boarding house right in the Hoerth parsonage; but their family home, located in a cemetery in a rather wild area, scared off the parents of potential students, despite the monetary discounts Charlotte made.
In May 1846 Charlotte, Emily and Anne published a joint collection of poetry at their own expense under the pseudonyms Carrer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Despite the fact that only two copies of the collection were sold, the sisters continued to write, with subsequent publication in mind. Summer 1846 In the same year, Charlotte began searching for publishers for the novels of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell: The Teacher, Wuthering Heights, and Agnes Gray, respectively.
Having published her first book with family funds, Charlotte later wanted not to spend money on publication, but, on the contrary, to have the opportunity to earn money through literary work. However, her younger sisters were ready to take another risk. Therefore, Emily and Anne accepted the offer of the London publisher Thomas Newby, who asked for 50 pounds as a guarantee for the publication of Wuthering Heights and Agnes Gray, promising to return this money if he managed to sell 250 copies out of 350 (book circulation). Newby did not return this money, despite the fact that the entire print run was sold out in the wake of the success of Charlotte's novel Jane Eyre. at the end of 1847.
Charlotte herself refused Newby's proposal. She continued to correspond with London firms, trying to interest them in her novel The Teacher. All publishers rejected it, however, the literary consultant of the firm Smith, Elder and Company sent a letter to Currer Bell in which he kindly explained the reasons for the refusal: the novel lacked the fascination that would allow the book to sell well. In the same month ( August 1847) Charlotte sent the manuscript of Jane Eyre to Smith, Elder and Company. The novel was accepted and published in record time.
Along with literary success, trouble came to the Brontë family. Charlotte's brother and only son in the Branwell family has passed away. in September 1848 from chronic bronchitis or tuberculosis. His brother’s serious condition was aggravated by drunkenness and drug addiction (Branwell took opium). Emily and Anne died of pulmonary tuberculosis in December 1848 and May 1849 respectively.
Now Charlotte and her father are alone. During between 1848 and 1854. Charlotte was active literary life. She became close to Harriet Martineau, Elizabeth Gaskell, William Thackeray and George Henry Lewes.
Bronte's book gave birth to the feminist movement in literature. Main character novel, Jane Eyre, is as strong a girl as the author. However, Charlotte tried not to leave Howerth for more than a few weeks, as she did not want to leave her aging father.
During her life, Charlotte repeatedly refused marriage, sometimes taking marriage proposals seriously, sometimes treating them with humor. However, she chose to accept the offer of her father's assistant, the priest Arthur Bell Nicholls.
Charlotte met her future husband spring 1844, when Arthur Bell Nicholls arrived at Howerth. Charlotte got married in June 1854. In January 1855 Her health condition deteriorated sharply. In February the doctor who examined the writer came to the conclusion that the symptoms of illness indicated the onset of pregnancy and did not pose a threat to life.
Charlotte suffered from constant nausea, lack of appetite, and extreme weakness, which led to rapid exhaustion. However, according to Nicholls, it was only in the last week of March that it became clear that Charlotte was dying. The cause of death was never established.
Charlotte Brontë died March 31, 1855 at the age of 38 years. Her death certificate listed the cause of tuberculosis, however, as many of Charlotte's biographers suggest, she could have died from dehydration and exhaustion caused by severe toxicosis. It can also be assumed that Charlotte died of typhus, which could have been infected by her old servant Tabitha Aykroyd, who died shortly before Charlotte’s death.
The writer was buried in the family crypt in St. Michael's Church, located in Howerth, West Yorkshire, England.
Juvenilia Charlotte Brontë(Not full list; the full list is too extensive).
The names written in square brackets are given by the researchers.
Magazine "Young People" ( 1829-1830
)
The search for happiness ( 1829
)
Characters of outstanding people of our time ( 1829
)
Stories about the islanders. In 4 volumes ( 1829-1830
)
Evening walk, poem by the Marquis Duero ( 1830
)
Translation into English verses of the First Book of Voltaire's Henriad ( 1830
)
Albion and Marina ( 1830
).
The Adventures of Ernest Alembert. Fairy tale ( 1830
)
Violet and other poems of the Marquis Duero ( 1830
)
Wedding ( 1832
) (poem and story)
Arthuriana, or Trimmings and Remnants ( 1833
)
Something about Arthur ( 1833
)
Two stories: "The Secret" and "Lily Hart" ( 1833
)
Visits in Verdopolis ( 1833
)
Green dwarf ( 1833
)
Foundling ( 1833
)
Richard the Lionheart and Blondel ( 1833
), poem
Leaf from an unopened volume ( 1834
)
"Spell" and "High Life in Verdopolis" ( 1834
)
Book-dump ( 1834
)
Snacks ( 1834
)
My Angria and the Angrians ( 1834
)
“We wove a network in childhood” [Retrospective] ( 1835
), one of Charlotte Brontë's most famous poems
Current Events ( 1836
)
[Exile of Zamorna] ( 1836
), a poem in two songs
[Return of Zamorna] ( 1836-1837
)
[Julia] ( 1837
)
[Lord Duero] ( 1837
)
[Mina Lori] ( 1838
)
[Stancliffe Hotel] ( 1838
)
[Duke of Zamorna] ( 1838
)
[Captain Henry Hastings] ( 1839
)
[Caroline Vernon] ( 1839
)
Farewell to Angria ( 1839
)
Ashworth ( 1840
) the first draft of a novel for publication. Ashworth is a kind of pseudonym for Alexander Percy.
