Comparison of Andrey Stolz and Oblomov table. Previous

Comparative characteristics of I. I. Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - main character novel "Oblomov". Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy lifestyle. He doesn’t do anything, he just dreams and “decays” lying on the sofa. A bright representative of Oblomovism.
Stolts Andrei Ivanovich is Oblomov’s childhood friend. Half German, practical and active. Antipode of I. I. Oblomov.
Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:
Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).
I. I. Oblomov. From the very early childhood They did everything for him: “The nanny is waiting for him to wake up. She puts on his stockings; he doesn’t give in, plays pranks, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him.” “... She washes him, combs his head and takes him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “The mother showered him with passionate kisses...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow, following him, constant care did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: sometimes trying, sometimes living joy for the child, sometimes fearing that he will fall and hurt his nose...”
Stolz. His childhood is spent in useful, but tedious study: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father for geographical map... and with my mother I read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables ..." The mother was constantly worried about her son: "... she would keep him near her." But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded towards his son, often “putting his hand”: “... and pushed him from behind with his foot so that he knocked him off his feet.”
Attitude to study and work.
Oblomov. He went to school without much interest or desire, had difficulty sitting through his lessons, and mastering any book was a great success and joy for Oblomov. “Why all these notebooks... paper, time and ink? Why educational books?... When to live?” Instantly I became cold towards this or that type of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was towards work: “... you study, you read that a time of disaster has come, a person is unhappy; Now you gather your strength, you work, you fight, you endure and work terribly, everything is preparing for clear days.”
Stolz. He studied and worked since childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Stolz was fascinated by teaching and books throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. “He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a house and money.”
Attitude to mental activity.
Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from a stupid person. Some thoughts and pictures were constantly spinning in his mind, he was constantly making plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put aside in the debt box. “As soon as he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea, he will immediately lie down on the sofa, rest his head on his hand and think, sparing no effort, until his head is finally tired...”
Stolz. Realist to the core. Skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of every dream, or if he entered its area, he entered as one enters a grotto with an inscription..., knowing the hour or minute when you will leave there.”
Choosing life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)
Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and concerns are breathtakingly funny and absurd, and he solves them even funnier by turning from side to side. The author does his best to justify Oblomov, saying that he has many ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.
Stolz. Skepticism and realism are evident in everything. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; I lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble.” “But he himself still walked stubbornly along his chosen path.”

In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” one of the main techniques for revealing images is the technique of antithesis. Using contrast, the image of the Russian gentleman Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the image of the practical German Andrei Stolz are compared. Thus, Goncharov shows the similarities and differences between these characters in the novel.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov- a typical representative of the Russian nobility of the 19th century. His social position can be briefly described as follows: “Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, a collegiate secretary by rank, has been living in St. Petersburg for twelve years without a break.” By nature, Oblomov is a gentle and calm person, trying not to disturb his usual way of life. “His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also restrained by gentleness and laziness, not without a kind of grace.” Oblomov spends whole days at home, lying on his sofa and thinking about the necessary transformations in his Oblomovka estate. At the same time, his face often lacked any definite idea. “The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glowed throughout the whole face.” Even at home, “he was lost in the rush of everyday worries and kept lying there, tossing and turning from side to side.” Oblomov shuns secular society and generally tries not to go out into the street. His serene state is disturbed only by visitors who come to Oblomov only for selfish purposes. Tarantiev, for example, simply robs Oblomov, constantly borrowing money from him and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors, not understanding the real purpose of their visits. Oblomov is so distant from real life that light for him represents eternal vanity without any purpose. “No sincere laughter, no glimmer of sympathy... what kind of life is this?” - Oblomov exclaims, counting communication with secular society a waste of time. But suddenly the calm and measured life of Ilya Ilyich is interrupted. What happened? His friend from his youth, Stolz, arrives, with whom Oblomov pins hopes of improving his situation.

“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old. He served, retired, went about his business, and actually made a house and money.” The son of a burgher, Stolz can be considered the antipode to the idle Russian gentleman of the 19th century Oblomov. From early childhood he was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. His father is German, his mother is Russian, but Stolz inherited practically nothing from her. His father was completely involved in his upbringing, so his son grew up to be just as practical and purposeful. “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse.” Unlike Oblomov, Stolz “was afraid of every dream,” “there was no place for the mysterious, the mysterious in his soul.” If for Oblomov the normal state can be called lying down, then for Stolz it is movement. Stolz’s main task was “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life.” But what then connects Oblomov and Stolz? Childhood and school are what connected people so different in character and views for the rest of their lives. However, in his youth, Oblomov was just as active and passionate about knowledge as Stolz. They spent long hours together reading books and studying various sciences. But upbringing and a gentle character still played their role, and Oblomov soon moved away from Stolz. Subsequently, Stolz tries to bring his friend back to life, but his attempts are in vain: “Oblomovism” swallowed up Oblomov.

Thus, the technique of antithesis is one of the main techniques in I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”. Using antithesis, Goncharov compares not only the images of Oblomov and Stolz, he also compares the objects and reality surrounding them. Using the technique of antithesis, Goncharov continues the tradition of many Russian writers. For example, N.A. Ostrovsky in his work “The Thunderstorm” contrasts Kabanikha and Katerina. If for Kabanikha the ideal of life is “Domostroy”, then for Katerina love, honesty and mutual understanding are above all. A, S. Griboedov in immortal work“Woe from Wit,” using the technique of antithesis, compares Chatsky and Famusov.

In the novel “Oblomov” the skill of Goncharov as a prose writer was fully demonstrated. Gorky, who called Goncharov “one of the giants of Russian literature,” noted his special, flexible language. Goncharov’s poetic language, his talent for figuratively reproducing life, the art of creating typical characters, compositional completeness and the enormous artistic power of the picture of Oblomovism and the image of Ilya Ilyich presented in the novel - all this contributed to the fact that the novel “Oblomov” took its rightful place among the masterpieces […]
There is a type of book where the reader is captivated by the story not from the first pages, but gradually. I think that “Oblomov” is just such a book. Reading the first part of the novel, I was inexpressibly bored and did not even imagine that this laziness of Oblomov would lead him to some kind of sublime feeling. Gradually, the boredom began to go away, and the novel captured me, I was already reading with interest. I have always liked books about love, but Goncharov gave it an interpretation unknown to me. It seemed to me that boredom, monotony, laziness, [...]
The second wonderful Russian prose writer half of the 19th century century, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov in the novel “Oblomov” reflected the difficult time of transition from one era of Russian life to another. Feudal relations and the estate type of economy were replaced by a bourgeois way of life. People's long-established views on life were crumbling. The fate of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov can be called an “ordinary story,” typical of landowners who lived serenely off the labor of serfs. Their environment and upbringing made them weak-willed, apathetic people, not […]
Despite the significant volume of the work, there are relatively few characters in the novel. This allows Goncharov to give detailed characteristics of each of them, to compose detailed psychological portraits. They were no exception female images in the novel. In addition to psychologism, the author widely uses the technique of oppositions and the system of antipodes. Such couples can be called “Oblomov and Stolz” and “Olga Ilyinskaya and Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna.” The last two images are complete opposites of each other, their […]
Andrei Stolts is Oblomov’s closest friend; they grew up together and carried their friendship through life. It remains a mystery how such dissimilar people, with such different views on life, could maintain deep affection. Initially, the image of Stolz was conceived as a complete antipode to Oblomov. The author wanted to combine German prudence and the breadth of the Russian soul, but this plan was not destined to come true. As the novel developed, Goncharov realized more and more clearly that in these conditions it was simply [...]
Introduction. Some people find Goncharov's novel “Oblomov” boring. Yes, indeed, throughout the first part Oblomov lies on the sofa, receiving guests, but here we get to know the hero. In general, the novel contains few intriguing actions and events that are so interesting to the reader. But Oblomov is “our national type,” and it is he who is the bright representative of the Russian people. That's why the novel interested me. In the main character, I saw a piece of myself. You should not think that Oblomov is a representative only of Goncharov’s time. And now they live [...]
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The image of Oblomov in Russian literature closes the series of “superfluous” people. An inactive contemplator, incapable of active action, at first glance really seems incapable of great and bright feeling, but is this really so? There is no place for global and cardinal changes in the life of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. Olga Ilyinskaya, an extraordinary and beautiful woman, strong and strong-willed nature, undoubtedly attracts the attention of men. For Ilya Ilyich, an indecisive and timid person, Olga becomes an object [...]
The novel by I.A. Goncharov is permeated with various opposites. The technique of antithesis, on which the novel is built, helps to better understand the character of the characters and the author's intention. Oblomov and Stolz are two completely different similar friend personalities, but as they say, opposites meet. They are connected by childhood and school, which you can learn about in the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream.” From it it becomes clear that everyone loved little Ilya, caressed him, and did not let him do anything on his own, although at first he was eager to do everything himself, but then they […]
Oblomov's personality is far from ordinary, although other characters treat him with slight disrespect. For some reason, they read him as almost inferior in comparison to them. This was precisely the task of Olga Ilyinskaya - to wake up Oblomov, to force him to show himself as an active person. The girl believed that love would push him to great achievements. But she was deeply mistaken. It is impossible to awaken in a person what he does not have. Because of this misunderstanding, people’s hearts were broken, heroes suffered and […]
Oblomov Stolz comes from a wealthy background noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like his grandfathers, did nothing: serfs from a poor family worked for them: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. pour water for yourself) labor in the oblomovka was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. there was a cult of food in the family, and [...]
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So, the main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. But the author pays no little attention to best friend Oblomov - Stoltz. Both heroes live at the same time, and it would seem that they should be similar, but is this so? Oblomov appears to us as a man “... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”

Stolz is the same age as Oblomov, “he is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, dark and there is no blush; his eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive.” Oblomov's parents were Russian nobles who owned several hundred serfs. Stolz's father was half German, his mother was a Russian noblewoman.

Faith, Andrei Ivanovich, professed Orthodox, spoke Russian. Oblomov and Stolz have known each other since childhood; they studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve.

Stolz's father was the manager there. “Maybe Ilyusha would have had time to learn something well from him if Oblomovka had been about five hundred miles from Verkhlevo... The charm of Oblomov’s atmosphere, way of life and habits extended to Verkhlevo;...

There, except for Stolz's house, everything breathed the same primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and stillness." But Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: "From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted out Herder, Wieland, and biblical verses. and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables and sorted out Telemacus’s warehouses.” As for physical education, Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street, and Stolz “took up from the pointer and ran destroy birds' nests with the boys," sometimes disappearing from home for a day. From childhood, Oblomov was surrounded by the tender care of his parents and nanny, and Stolz was brought up in an atmosphere of constant mental and physical labor. But both Oblomov and Stoltz are already over thirty, what are they like now?

Ilya Ilyich turned into a lazy gentleman, whose life is spent lying on the sofa: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state." Stolz cannot imagine life without movement: “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; some project needs to be written or adapted new idea to the point - they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows." Comparing Oblomov and Stolz, we see that they are very different, but what unites them?

Yes, undoubtedly, friendship, but what else? It seems to me that they are united by an eternal and uninterrupted sleep. Oblomov sleeps on his sofa, and Stolz sleeps in his stormy and eventful life. “Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there?

Interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives?

Why am I more to blame than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?" I completely agree with Oblomov and believe that people who live without a specific, lofty goal are simply sleeping in pursuit of satisfying their desires. But who is more needed than Russia? Oblomov or Stolz?

Of course, such progressive people as Stolz are simply necessary, especially at the beginning of the third millennium. But the Oblomovs will never die, there is a piece of Oblomov in each of us, we are all a little Oblomov in our souls.

It seems to me that the problem of the “sleeping man”, raised in the nineteenth century by Goncharov, is still relevant today. Lenin’s words are well known that even after three revolutions “the old Oblomov remained and he had to be washed, cleaned, scuffed and torn for a long time in order for any sense to come out.”

Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich is a wonderful Russian realist writer. His work has become firmly established classical literature our country. Its originality art world is, according to N.A. Dobrolyubov, in that he was able to embrace in his work the full image of an object, sculpt, mint it.

The main idea of Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"

In his novel, Ivan Alexandrovich condemns noble inactivity. The characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov" proves this, and you will soon see this. The author welcomes the businesslike spirit of the entrepreneurial class that was emerging at that time. For Goncharov, what is essential in Oblomov’s character is his lordly spoiling, as well as the inactivity that follows from it, the powerlessness of will and mind. The image of this hero under the hand of such an eminent master resulted in a broad picture in which the reader is presented with pre-reform life landed nobility countries. The work was written more than 100 years ago, but it still attracts attention to this day. This novel is certainly a classic work written in the beautiful Russian language.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

What is the characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov"? After reading it, everyone probably wants to understand who is closer to them in spirit: Stolz or Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov’s characterization, at first glance, lacks appeal. In the novel, this hero appears as a man no longer in his first youth. He tried to serve in the past, but withdrew from all activities and became unable to return to them. Not only does he not want to do anything, but he doesn’t even want to be in society, go for a walk, get dressed, or just get up from the couch. The serene state of this hero is disturbed only by visitors who come only to Oblomov for selfish purposes. For example, Tarantiev simply robs him, borrowing money and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors in the work, since he cannot understand the true purpose of their visits. The only exception is Stolz, a friend of his youth, who comes to visit him in Oblomovka.

However, Oblomov’s characterization is not so unambiguously negative. We will return to it later.

Andrey Ivanovich Stolts

Stolz is the antipode of this hero in the novel. Goncharov portrayed him as a “new man.” From childhood, Stolz was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. This is a businessman alien to both official careerism and noble laziness, who is distinguished by a level of culture and such activity that at that time were not characteristic of the Russian merchants. Apparently, not knowing where to find such a person among Russian business people, Goncharov decided to make his hero the scion of a half-German family. Stolz, however, received his upbringing from a Russian mother, who was a noblewoman, and also studied at the capital’s university. This hero believes that through the construction of highways, fairs, piers, and schools, the patriarchal “bummers” will turn into income-generating, comfortable estates.

Views on Oblomov's life

It’s not just apathy that marks Oblomov’s characterization. This hero is trying to “philosophize.” Ilya Ilyich contrasts the sincerity and kindness of patriarchal life with the moral depravity of representatives of the bureaucratic-noble society of the capital. He condemns him for his desire for careerism, lack of serious interests, and mutual hostility covered by ostentatious courtesy. In this regard, the author of the novel agrees with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov’s characterization is complemented by the fact that he is a romantic. This hero dreams mainly of quiet family happiness.

Stolz's attitude to life

On the contrary, Stolz is the enemy of the “dream”, everything mysterious and enigmatic. However, by “dream” he means not only rose-colored romance, but also all kinds of idealism. The author, explaining the beliefs of this hero, writes that in his eyes, what is not subject to analysis of practical truth, experience, is an optical illusion or a fact to which the turn of experience has not yet reached.

The importance of love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz would be incomplete if we did not reveal the topic of the relationship between these heroes and Olga Ilyinskaya. Goncharov introduces his characters into a love conflict in order to test them with life itself, which will show what each of them is worth. Therefore, the heroine of “Oblomov” had to be an extraordinary person. In Olga Ilyinskaya we will not find any secular coquetry, no lordly quirks, nothing mannered, deliberately done for success in life. This girl is distinguished by her beauty, as well as her natural freedom of action, word and look.

Both main characters created by Goncharov, in love relationships with this woman they fail, each in their own way. And this reveals the inconsistency of the author’s illusions in assessing both. Oblomov’s “honest and true” “golden” heart suddenly comes into question along with his integrity. Let us note that this hero, who has a “heart as deep as a well,” shamefully dissembles in front of the girl, citing the fact that he “warned her” about his character. Olga understands that Ilya Ilyich “died a long time ago.”

The consistent characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reveals more and more interesting details. Andrei Ivanovich appears again in the novel. He reappears in the work in order to take the place that Oblomov previously occupied. The characterization of the hero Stolz in his relationship with Olga reveals some important features in his image. Goncharov, showing his Parisian life with Ilyinskaya, wants to show the reader the breadth of views of his hero. In fact, he reduces it, since being interested in everything means not being interested in anything systematically, deeply, or seriously. This means learning everything from other people’s words, taking it from someone else’s hands. Stolz could hardly keep up with Olga in her languid haste of will and thought. Contrary to the will of the author, the story of life together these two heroes, which was supposed to be praise for Stolz, ultimately turned out to be a means of exposing him. Stolz at the end of the novel seems to be only a self-confident reasoner. The reader no longer believes this hero, who could not save his friend or give his beloved woman happiness. Only the author's tendentiousness saves Stolz from complete collapse. After all, Goncharov (“Oblomov”) was on his side. The characterization of Oblomov, created by the writer, as well as the author’s voice in the novel, allow us to judge this.

The weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent

In addition to his own desire, Goncharov was able to show that not only the Russian nobility is degenerating. It’s not only Oblomov who is weak. The characterization of Stolz's hero is also not without this feature. Respectable entrepreneurs cannot historically become successors to the nobility, since they are weak, limited and unable to take responsibility for resolving fundamental issues in the life of the country.

The meaning of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature

So, a comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz shows that neither one nor the other can, each in their own way, evoke sympathy. But the heroine of the work, Olga Ilyinskaya, will become the prototype of an enlightened Russian woman. This prototype will later be found in the works of many classics of the 19th century.

Often a comparison of Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich is presented as a table. The characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz, presented visually, help to better remember the information. That's why comparison table Literature classes are often used as a type of work at school. When a deep analysis is required, it is better to abandon it. And this is precisely the task that faced us when creating this article.

“Who will wake up Oblomov?”

Oblomov and Stolz.

Lesson objectives:

educational – ensure the assimilation of knowledge about the role of the image of Stolz in the novel “Oblomov” and the improvement of skills comparative characteristics heroes;

developing – continue to work on students’ mastery of synthesis and analysis operations, developing the ability to generalize and draw conclusions, and self-analysis skills;

educational – to promote the formation of ideological ideas about the peculiarities of the mentality of the Russian nation, to promote the education of social responsibility

Learning Tools: text of the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov, video materials - fragments from the film “A Few Days in the Life of Oblomov”, presentation.

Main stages of the lesson:

I. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.

II. Updating reader perception.

III. Text analysis.

IV. Summing up

V. Reflection.

VI. Homework.

Organization of the beginning of the lesson

Task: introduce students to the topic and purpose of the lesson

Reading the first part of the novel “Oblomov,” you and I reflected on the unusualness of the main character, asking the question “Why is he like this.” “Who will wake up Oblomov?” - this is the question Goncharov poses to us in Part 2 of the novel with the appearance on its pages of a new hero - Andrei Stolts. And our task as readers is to understand how his appearance helps us penetrate deeper into the essence of Oblomov’s character. So, the purpose of today’s lesson is to determine the role of the image of Stolz in the novel “Oblomov”, to compare the two heroes of the work.

Write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook.

Updating reader perception

Task: organize student activities to apply the skills of comparative characterization of heroes, promote the formation of the ability to generalize and draw conclusions

Andrei Ivanovich Stolts appears in the novel as a character whom the main character has been waiting for a long time. The scene of this meeting was wonderfully reproduced in the film based on the novel - “A few days in the life of Oblomov.” Let's watch this fragment together. Pay attention to how the main character behaves when meeting.

Watching a fragment of the film “A few days in the life of Oblomov” - an episode of the first appearance of Andrei Stolts.

What in Oblomov’s behavior, in his reaction to his friend’s arrival, immediately distinguishes Stolz from all the characters we met in part 1 of the novel?

Why does Ilya Ilyich Oblomov rise to meet Stoltz?

It is obvious that Stolz is presented in the novel as the opposite of Oblomov. Even the most inexperienced reader will immediately notice how different Goncharov portrays his heroes. Are they antipodes? Or do they have something in common? Let's define Goncharov's point of view on this issue.

Exercise: Identify the similarities and differences between Oblomov and Stolz and fill out the table. Summarize the results obtained and draw conclusions.

(Time to complete the task – 5-7 minutes).

Comparison options

Oblomov

Stolz

Lifestyle

Relationships in the family, with parents

Views on education

Perception of love

Oblomov

Stolz

Lifestyle

Laziness, apathy towards everything

Activity, has ebullient energy

Attitude to family, parents

Affection, fond memories

Attitude towards education

I studied reluctantly

Study with pleasure and get excellent grades

Behavior in society and at work

Fed up with society, he left the service

Sociable with people, belongs to a company that sells goods abroad

Perception of love

The ability to have deep, sincere feelings

The student's expected answer-conclusion: the images of these heroes in the novel are contrasted in all respects. But it cannot be said that this opposition is absolutely strict. Both heroes are individuals inner world which cannot be considered based only on the diametric differences in their worldviews. Several similar traits can be noted in the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: the ability to have deep sincere feelings, bright memories of childhood, affection for their mother.

How does Goncharov explain the mutual affection of these characters? Find the answer in the text of the novel (Part 2, end of chapter 2).

What is it called artistic technique, which Goncharov uses in depicting the images of Oblomov and Stolz?

Why does the writer resort to the use of antithesis? How does this help the reader understand the characters in the novel?

Text analysis.

Task: organize student activities to review new material, promote students’ mastery of synthesis and analysis operations, and develop the ability to generalize and draw conclusions

1. Identification of the role of Stolz’s image in the plot and compositional organization of the novel

So, in the novel an energetic, strong, purposeful hero appears who lifts the sleepy, apathetic couch potato Oblomov from the sofa. This is exactly where Part 1 of the novel ends - what the reader has been waiting for from its first pages has finally come true. This important point is emphasized by significant changes in the depiction of time and space around the main character in the second and subsequent parts of the novel.

How does the image of time and space in the novel change with the appearance of Stolz?

Compare the period of time described in part 1 of the novel with how long the events of parts 2, 3 and 4 of the novel last (parts 3 and 4 are answered by students who have read the novel to the end).
What spatial boundaries, outlined by the writer in part 1 of the novel around the main character, does Oblomov overcome after Stolz appears?
What does violating Oblomov’s usual boundaries lead to?

Changes in the image of space and time are associated with a special compositional role episode of Stoltz's arrival to Oblomov on Gorokhovaya: Goncharov completes the exposition of the novel and begins the development of the main action, and Stoltz is assigned a special role in it. The director of the film, the episode from which we just watched, N. Mikhalkov, felt this role very subtly. (In searching for answers to the following questions, the teacher relies on those students who have read the novel to the end)

Why do you think the film is named differently than the novel: not “Oblomov”, but “A Few Days in the Life of Oblomov”?

What feature of the plot and composition of the novel does this film title emphasize?

How is the image of Stolz related to the development of the novel?

Make the first conclusion about the plot and compositional role of Stolz’s image in the novel.

After listening to the student’s answer and appropriate correction by his teacher, the conclusion is written down by the students in the notebook independently.

Suggested answer:All plot events of the novel are centered around Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the main character of the novel. In describing him, the writer does not set as his goal the depiction of the hero’s everyday existence, which consistently flows from day to day, as it might seem to us when reading part 1 of the novel. The narrative “snatches” from the general flow of time important moments - days in Oblomov’s life, each of them is in one way or another connected with the appearance on the pages of Stolz’s novel, whose intervention in Oblomov’s life brings him into conflict with society.

2. Episode analysis

Stolz's intervention in Oblomov's life leads to a clash between the hero and society. How does Oblomov manifest himself in this clash? There is an episode in the novel that completely answers this question. It is described in Chapter 4 of Part 2. In N. Mikhalkov’s film “A Few Days in the Life of Oblomov” this episode is reproduced quite fully, in addition, it provides an example of the masterful performance of the actors playing the main roles, O. Tabakov and Yu. Bogatyrev. Let's watch this episode.

Before watching the episode, students are given a task (task written on the board):

Highlight the key phrases in Oblomov’s reasoning that reveal the essence of the hero’s attitude to his contemporary reality.

See if Stolz always finds something to object to his friend. How does he avoid a direct answer to Oblomov’s reasoning?

After watching the episode, students are asked to clarify their observations by checking them with the text of the novel, then there is a discussion of the results of the work done. Approximate answer options:

For 1 task

For task 2

Why does Oblomov not accept the modern standard of living?
How do we, readers, react to the fact that Stolz cannot find anything to object to his friend’s statements?
At what point does the word “Oblomovism” appear on the pages of the novel? What significance does Stolz put into it? Oblomov? Reader?
At what point and why does Stolz’s mood change in the episode in question?
Why does Goncharov call Oblomov’s reasoning about lost hopes a confession? What does the writer emphasize with this name in Oblomov himself and in his relationship with Stolz?
What is the reason for Oblomov’s decline?
What new in Oblomov’s character does this episode reveal to the reader?

After discussing these questions, students are asked to draw a conclusion about the role of the episode in question in revealing the image of the main character of the novel. Next, the student’s response is heard and adjusted accordingly by the teacher.

Suggested answer-conclusion: The conflict between the protagonist of the novel “Oblomov” and society is expressed in the hero’s internal disagreement with the “distortion of the norm.” In the “eternal running around, the eternal game of trashy passions,” Oblomov does not see the main thing - “the person.” And the fact that Stolz does not object to him, does not find anything to object with, convinces the reader of the correctness of Oblomov’s judgments, revealing the other side of “Oblomovism”: the reasons for the protagonist’s isolation from the outside world, from social problems, it turns out, is much deeper than lordship and the habit of doing nothing. The lifestyle that Oblomov leads is a unique, perhaps not entirely conscious challenge to the lack of spirituality of modern Oblomov society. The hero does not see a goal to strive for. Summing up his consideration of his path in his “confession,” the hero does not consider himself an exception, seeing a “legion” of the same fading people who have not found themselves.

3. Interpretation artistic meaning

Taking into account all of the above, we understand that Stolz was created by Goncharov as an antipode not only to Oblomov, but also to the entire “legion” of people forced to drag out their aimless existence, who have not found their place in the lives of people. IN in a certain sense Stolz is a representative of a new generation capable of awakening Russia from hibernation and resisting “Oblomovism.” However, not everything in this image is unambiguous.

In the article “Better late than never,” Goncharov writes: “... I was reproached, why did I put a German, and not a Russian, in contrast to Oblomov?.. The late F. Tyutchev once affectionately... reproaching me, asked “Why did I take Stoltz!” I apologized for the mistake, saying that I did it by accident: it turned out to be my hand! Meanwhile, it seems, against my will, there was actually no mistake here...” And indeed, why exactly does a German appear in Goncharov’s novel?

Students express their guesses.

Firstly, Goncharov reflected the real situation in Russia in the mid-19th century, where the “Western element” was most often represented by the Germans, who formed a special ethnocultural group called “Russian Germans.”

Secondly, a big role in the fact that Goncharov made his hero a German was played by personal experience a writer whose life was spent in the Volga region and St. Petersburg - two regions of the traditional settlement of Russian Germans. To some extent, Russian Germans were even involved in Goncharov’s upbringing. In one of his autobiographies, he wrote: “I received my initial education in sciences and languages, French and German, in a small boarding school, which was maintained on the estate of Princess Khovanskaya, beyond the Volga, by a village priest, a very intelligent and learned man, married to a foreigner.” Another autobiography explains that, firstly, the foreigner was a German who converted to Orthodoxy, and secondly, it was she who taught the future writer the first lessons of German and French. Obviously, already during this period, on the Volga, the writer saw examples of German education based on instilling the habit of hard and energetic work, as well as moral independence of the individual. The strengths of this upbringing could not help but catch the eye and serve as a constant background for the writer’s thoughts about “Oblomovism.” This education is called by Goncharov in the novel “labor, practical education.” Goncharov places the story about how Stolz’s character was formed at the beginning of Part 2 - after the reader has already formed a fairly complete idea of the formation of the protagonist’s character.

Why do you think the writer chooses this narrative sequence?

Goncharov offers the reader 2 types of education, encouraging them to compare them with each other.

Which one is closer to us, modern readers?

What do we think are the strengths and weaknesses in the upbringing of Oblomov and Stolz?

Why does the reader learn about Oblomov’s childhood through the hero’s dream, but the story about Stolz’s childhood is told on behalf of the narrator? (if students have difficulty answering this question, you can return to it later - during a conversation about the dreaminess of one character and the “fear of imagination” of another character).

If we are talking about Goncharov’s direct personal impressions of the Russian Germans, then it should be mentioned that there were quite a lot of them throughout the subsequent life path writer: at the university, in the service, on a circumnavigation, even among relatives (through the wife of the writer’s brother N.A. Goncharov). He observed the Germans during their summer holidays, for several years, in the Baltic region and directly in Germany, where he visited several times. From all this, the writer’s ideas about the German character were developed. And it is against this background that the peculiarity of the Russian language emerges more clearly and clearly. national character, embodied by Goncharov in the image of Oblomov.

Exercise: Compare the quotes given in the table that characterize Stolz and Oblomov. What dominant feature does Goncharov highlight in the characters’ characters?

Oblomov

Stolz

“His body, judging by the matte, too white color of his neck, small plump arms, soft shoulders, seemed too pampered for a man.”

“He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves... he is thin... bone and muscles, but no sign of fatty roundness.”

“Lying with Ilya Ilyich...was his normal state”

"He's constantly on the move..."

“Oblomov loved to withdraw into himself and live in the world he created”

“Most of all he was afraid of imagination... He was afraid of every dream”

“The aspiration is about to come true, it will turn into a feat. But... the morning flashes by, the day is already approaching evening, and with it Oblomov’s weary forces tend to rest: storms and unrest are reconciled in the soul...”

“Above all else he placed persistence in achieving goals... he walked towards his goal, bravely walking through all obstacles...”

The comparison of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel is clearly a comparison of a “worker” and, relatively speaking, a “lazy person.” If Stolz is, according to Goncharov, “a model of energy, knowledge, labor, and all strength in general,” then Oblomov embodies “laziness and apathy in all its breadth and inveterateness as a spontaneous Russian trait.”

What do you think was Goncharov’s goal when he deliberately made such a contrast that was unfavorable for us Russians?

Were the accusations fair? contemporary writer critics for lack of patriotism?

Why do you think Goncharov himself and many critics believed that the writer failed to portray Stolz?

A.P. Chekhov wrote: “Stolz does not inspire me with any confidence. The author says that he is a magnificent fellow, but I don’t believe him. This is a windy beast, autumn thinks well of itself and is pleased with itself...” Share your thoughts about this statement by Chekhov.

Can Stolz be called an ideal hero? Why?

What is the meaning hidden behind the antithesis “Oblomov - Stolz” derived in the novel?

Behind the antithesis “Oblomov - Stolz” in the novel hides the writer’s serious thoughts about the fate of Russia. Goncharov is happy to welcome all those internal forces that contribute to Russia’s advancement towards pan-European life, and, on the contrary, condemns “stagnation, sleep, immobility.” Goncharov wants the hero Ilya to recover, to finally get up from his bed and shake himself off from sleep. This is why he makes a terrible diagnosis of the disease, this is why he uses the half-foreigner as a model: “annoying, but fair.” And although this “model” lacks cordiality, spontaneity, plasticity and much more in order to be ideal, it is difficult for the Russian heart to survive such a comparison. But perhaps this is exactly what Goncharov was trying to achieve—annoyance causing decisive action?

Summing up.

Task: contribute to the formation of worldview concepts

What is the role of Stolz in the novel “Oblomov”?

Why is Stolz’s image interesting to us, readers of Russia in the 21st century?

Do you agree with the statement that Goncharov’s novel has not yet lost its sharpness? Prove your point.

How do you understand the essence of the question stated by the topic of today’s lesson: “Who will wake up Oblomov”?

How would you answer it?

Reflection.

Task: promote self-reflection skills

understanding the lesson material,

interest in the lesson material,

your mood after the lesson.

Home gym.

Reading part 3 of the novel. Preparation for independent work with text

Comparison of Andrey Stolz and Oblomov table. Previous

The main idea of ​​Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

Andrey Ivanovich Stolts

Views on Oblomov's life

Stolz's attitude to life

The importance of love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters

The weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent

The meaning of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature

The main idea of Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"