Portrait characteristics of Chelkash and Gavrila table. Comparative characteristics of Chelkash and Gavrila

Comparative characteristics The presence of two heroes in a work helps the author to depict his characters more clearly and clearly. When compared, the images of heroes can be revealed from the most unexpected side. This happened with Chelkash and Gavrila from M. Gorky’s story “Chelkash”.

Chelkash is a representative of the “bottom” of a big city. He is well known to everyone working in the harbor, “an inveterate drunkard and a clever, brave thief.” The author emphasizes his resemblance to a predator - “an old poisoned wolf”, he has a mustache like a cat, and he is especially similar to a steppe hawk with his “predatory thinness” and “aiming” gait.

Gavrila came from the village to earn money, but was unsuccessful. He is good-natured, trusting and, by Chelkash’s definition, looks like a calf. Gavrila agrees to work with Chelkash because he needs money, but he does not know what kind of work we are talking about. Gavrila trusts Chelkash, especially when they are fed in a tavern on credit, this is proof for Gavrila that Chelkash is a respected person in the city.

Both heroes value freedom, but understand it differently. For Gavrila this is material well-being. Then he will be able to return home, improve his household, and get married. There is no money - you will have to become a son-in-law and depend on your father-in-law for everything, working as a laborer for him. Chelkash does not value money; for him freedom is a broader concept. He is free from property, from his family, from whom he separated long ago, from social conventions. He has no roots, he doesn’t care where to live, but he loved the sea. The author emphasizes the similarity of the sea element, the boundless and powerful, and freedom-loving nature of the hero. At sea, he felt that his soul was being cleansed “from everyday filth.” Gavrila, on the contrary, is afraid of the sea; the lack of soil under his feet instills fear in him. Chelkash knows what he is doing and is not afraid to take risks. Gavrila, realizing what he was dragged into, was scared to death. He is afraid of being caught and of the sin of ruining his soul.

Seeing Chelkash with a wad of money, Gavrila forgets about sin and agrees to steal again for money. After all, maybe “you won’t lose your soul, but you will become a man for the rest of your life.” He humiliatingly lies at Chelkash’s feet, begging for money, and at this moment the author shows Chelkash’s moral superiority: he “felt that he – a thief, a reveler, cut off from everything dear to him – would never be so greedy, so forgetful of himself.” .

His dignity and contempt for the spiritual slavery of man evoke the respect and admiration of the author. And Gavrila’s greed is such that he is ready to commit murder for money, and actually makes such an attempt. He later repents of her, but he took the money offered by Chelkash.

Therefore, when comparing these two heroes, we see that Chelkash is a prouder and freer person, and the author’s sympathies are on his side.

Gorky’s early work (90s of the 19th century) was created under the sign of “collecting” the truly human: “I recognized people very early and from my youth began to invent Man in order to satiate my thirst for beauty. Wise people... convinced me that I had invented a bad consolation for myself. Then I went to people again and - it’s so clear! “I am returning from them to Man again,” Gorky wrote at that time.

Stories from the 1890s can be divided into two groups: some of them are based on fiction - the author uses legends or composes them himself; others draw characters and scenes from real life tramps.

The story “Chelkash” is based on a real incident. Later, the writer recalled the tramp who served as the prototype for Chelkash. Gorky met this man in a hospital in the city of Nikolaev (Khersones). “I was amazed at the good-natured mockery of the Odessa tramp, who told me the incident I described in the story “Chelkash”. I remember well his smile, revealing his magnificent white teeth - the smile with which he concluded the story about the treacherous act of the guy he hired ... "

The story has two main characters: Chelkash and Gavrila. Both are tramps, poor, both village men, of peasant origin, accustomed to work. Chelkash met this guy by chance, on the street. Chelkash recognized “one of his own” in him: Gavrila was “wearing the same pants, bast shoes and a tattered red cap.” He was of heavy build. Gorky several times draws our attention to large blue eyes, looking trustingly and good-naturedly. With psychological precision, the guy defined Chelkash’s “profession” - “we cast nets along dry banks, over barns, over whips.”

Gorky contrasts Chelkash with Gavril. Chelkash at first “despised”, and then “hated” the guy for his youth, “clean blue eyes”, healthy tanned face, short strong arms, because he has his own house in the village, that he wants to start a family, but most importantly , it seems to me, this is that Gavrila has not yet known the life that this experienced man leads, because he dares to love freedom, which he does not know the price of, and which he does not need.

Chelkash was seething and shuddering from the insult inflicted by the guy, from the fact that he dared to object to an adult man.

Gavrila was very afraid to go fishing, because this was his first business of this kind. Chelkash was calm as always, he was amused by the guy’s fear, and he enjoyed it and reveled in what a formidable person he, Chelkash, was.

Chelkash rowed slowly and evenly, Gavrila – quickly, nervously. This speaks of strength of character. Gavrila is a beginner, that’s why his first hike is so difficult for him, for Chelkash this is just another hike, a common thing. This is where the negative side of a man comes into play: he doesn’t show patience and doesn’t understand the guy, he yells at him and intimidates him. However, on the way back, a conversation began, during which Gavrila asked the man: “What are you now without land?” These words made Chelkash think, pictures of his childhood, the past, the life that was before the thieves surfaced. The conversation fell silent, but Chelkash even smelled of the village from Gavrila’s silence. These memories made me feel lonely, torn out, thrown out of that life.

The climax of the story is the scene of a fight over money. Gavrila was attacked by greed, he became scary, an incomprehensible excitement moved him. Greed took possession of the young man, who began to demand all the money. Chelkash perfectly understood the condition of his ward, went to meet him halfway and gave him the money.

But Gavrila acted basely, cruelly, humiliated Chelkash, saying that he was an unnecessary person and that no one would have missed him if Gavrila had killed him. This, naturally, hit Chelkash’s self-esteem; anyone in his place would have done the same.

Chelkash is undoubtedly positive hero, Gorky puts Gavrila in contrast to him.

Chelkash, despite the fact that he leads a riotous lifestyle and steals, would never act as basely as this guy. It seems to me that the main things for Chelkash are life and freedom, and he would not tell anyone that his life is worthless. Unlike the young man, he knows the joys of life and, most importantly, life and moral values.

All of M. Gorky's plots can be logically divided into several, approximately two, groups, which were based on the division of the use of plots. So, some were created by the writer on the basis of legends and traditions, while others were based on real facts. By the way, Alexey Maksimovich came up with some of his legends on his own. What if these were stories based on real events, then most often this reality came from the life of tramps, people who found themselves at the very bottom of life, and it completely ceased to be interesting.

It is known that the author based his unusual story “” on an incident that actually happened in life. The writer himself claimed that the main character even had a prototype. Maxim Gorky himself said that the author himself met and became acquainted with this prototype, from which he drew the image of the main character Chelkash, in a big city.

Then he lived in Nikolaev for some time, and when he saw one tramp, he was surprised by his cheerfulness and carelessness. He also told a story to the writer about a guy he hired for a job who acted treacherously. But when he told his story, Maxim Gorky drew attention to his face, highlighting his lips, which exposed his snow-white teeth.

In Gorky's story there are two main characters - Chelkash himself and Gavrila. They are poor people, tramps, people from the countryside, so they knew very well how hard peasant labor was, and they themselves were accustomed to work. According to the plot, the reader learns that he met Gavrila by chance, in the port where he came to see his friend. But he was in the hospital, and Chelkash needed a partner for his “business.”

To Chelkash he seemed like one of his own, because they have the same roots. Even their clothes were the same: wide trousers, bast shoes and some kind of cap of a strange reddish color. According to the writer’s description, Gavrila was a thick-set and large young man. The author himself drew attention to the interesting eyes of the village guy: large and blue, very trusting and a little good-natured.

The village hero easily determines the profession of Chelkash’s partner: he throws his nets over other people’s sheds and barns. Gavrila is the complete opposite of Chelkash. And this man at first simply despised Gavrila, and then, after the “case,” he simply began to hate him. And, according to Chelkash, there was something to hate him for. For example, because Gavrila was young and strong, because his eyes were clear, his face was tanned and muscular, and his arms were strong.

He had his own house in the village and came to the city to earn a little extra money and then buy a house in the village and get married. But still, the main thing why Chelkash hated Gavrila so much was because this young village guy had not yet learned all of life and had not deteriorated. He still loved nature, freedom and life.

But when a conflict began between the young people and Gavrila dared to object, Chelkash boiled over, and he considered the objection from the young man to be an insult, which, in his opinion, some young village guy inflicted on him as an adult and independent man.

But this guy from the village was afraid of the trade he went on with Chelkash. After all, he did not immediately understand what he would need to do. This matter of this nature was new to him; it was his first time participating in such matters, which is why he was so worried. But Chelkash behaved completely differently: he was calm and balanced.

To some extent, his partner’s fear even amused and amused him. He also experienced some strange feeling, like pleasure, from the fact that he, a simple village guy, Chelkash could be a formidable and stern person for someone, and this elevated him in his own eyes.

When the young people went to work, even here Chelkash behaved calmly and evenly. So he rowed the oars evenly, unlike Gavrila, who, realizing that the matter was not easy, rowed nervously and very quickly. Of course, Gavrila is a newcomer to this strange “business,” which is why it was so difficult for the young man. And it’s a completely different matter for Chelkash, who perceives such a trip as the most common thing. And here he appears as negative character. So, he does not try to understand the young guy, he shouts at him, condemns him and even intimidates him.

But, returning on the road, a conversation arises between the young people, where he tries to find out from the thief how he lives without land, without labor. These questions from a young guy make him think, remember his simple rural childhood. But this was in the past, still the one in which there was no theft. And this made Chelkash feel differently. He felt lonely and sad.

The climax of Gorky's story is a fight that breaks out over money. The young man Gavrila, who has been so sympathetic to the reader throughout the entire plot, begins to demand all the money. And here Chelkash turns out to be more noble: he still gives him everything, although he even offended him with words, calling him an unnecessary and even superfluous person.

Gavrila is one of central characters story by M.A. Gorky "Chelkash". The narrative is based on the contrast between Chelkash (an experienced and clever thief and an experienced drunkard) and Gavrila (a young unemployed peasant). Let us dwell in more detail on the analysis of the image of the latter.

Gavrila is a stocky village youth. He failed trying to make money in the city to support himself and his mother. Now all he had to do was return home, marry a wealthy bride and become a farm laborer. Chelkash immediately disliked him for the strength and health that the young man radiated: “... I hated him because he had such clear blue eyes, a healthy tanned face, short strong arms...”, while the main character at first sight I was attracted by the good nature and gullibility of the peasant.

At the same time, Gavrila is a coward - by agreeing to deal with a thief-smuggler, he appears to the reader as a coward. He is scared to the point of tears, he does not want to complete the matter and wants Chelkash to let him go. Already here we can see the contrast between a fearless and, most importantly, free drunken adventurer and a frightened slave of his life. Chelkash convinces him to finish the job, but then the essence of the hero is revealed to the reader in a new light.

Gavrila receives a small part of the total proceeds and greed awakens in his soul. The poor peasant is overcome by an uncontrollable feeling of greed, while he feels weaker than his partner, falling to his knees and begging him for money. He is dependent, unlike Chelkash, dependent on his condition, dependent on his passions (greed), dependent on a drunkard he barely knows. The emotions that arise in an unhappy person push him to a rash act - he throws a stone at Chelkash. His tossing and turning - he either runs away, then returns and bitterly repents of what he has done - again testifies to us of the weakness of his personality. He cannot be consistent here either. Fearfulness, cowardice - this is his weakness human soul.

It is important to talk about how Chelkash himself sees his partner. He does not understand how he can torture himself so much for the sake of money; pity for the poor man is combined with disgust for such a vision of the world. Chelkash feels superior to Gavrila, he calls him “young calf” and “child”. He gives the money to the peasant, realizing that nothing can fix such a soul. It is in the comparison of Chelkash and Gavrila that we understand all the pettiness and meanness of the second.

Lack of self-esteem, steadfastness of character and moral values, fearfulness and greed of Gavrila - these are the qualities that are emphasized by M. Gorky. He lacks that thirst for freedom that is inherent in Chelkash, therefore, despite the fact that in the end most of the money remains with Gavrila, it is Chelkash who emerges from the little drama on the seashore as the winner.

In the early work of the writer, the main place is occupied by romantic moods. The inseparable connection between man and nature, special attention to the individual, which combines loneliness and freedom, a challenge to society and its laws, the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist - these features of romanticism are reflected in the story “Chelkash”.

Option 2

In his work (Chelkash), Maxim Gorky pays special attention to the personality and inner shell of a person, revealing to the reader how deceptive the outer shell can be. The main theme of the novel is the confrontation between two heroes, Chelkash (a thief and a drunkard) and the unemployed ordinary peasant Gavrila.

Gavrila is a strong, healthy guy, with brown hair and broad shoulders. It was not possible to make money in Kuban, and he was again forced to return to his village. After the death of his father, Gavrila was forced to go to work as a farm laborer to feed himself and his mother. The young man has a good disposition, beautiful appearance and an open look. It was for this reason that Chelkash was disliked. Although, on the other hand, he liked the simplicity and kind soul Gavrila.

Their meeting happened completely by chance. A dispute between them about dexterity and courage led to the fact that the young man agrees to go on a “dark deed” with a smuggler thief. It is this incident that completely reveals the entire essence and nature of Gavrila. He turns out to be an ordinary coward.

Gavrila experiences panic and tries in every possible way to avoid what is happening. But Chelkash convinces Gavrila to complete his plan. Having received a small amount, the young man is overwhelmed by a feeling of greed and greed. He falls to his knees in front of Chelkash and begins to beg for more money. This moment shows the entire inner essence of Gavrila, he is dependent on circumstances and his own greed.

The young man is so tormented by his flaring emotions that out of despair, without thinking, he throws a stone at Chelkash. Personal weakness lies in constant confusion and one’s own weakness. The young guy either becomes a coward and runs away, then returns again and repents of what he has done. Chelkash has ambivalent feelings for Gavrila. On the one hand, it’s pity and misunderstanding how one can torment oneself so much for the sake of money. On the other hand, he is disgusted by this state of the human soul. In the end he gives most of the money to Gavrila. Chelkash understands all the pettiness and meanness of the young man’s nature.

The image of Gavrila is the essence of a petty, mean and greedy person who lacks self-esteem and moral values. He is completely dependent on his own desires and circumstances. Cowardice and weakness are the main traits of Gavrila.

Essay about Gavrila from the work Chelkash

Maxim Gorky's story "Chelkash" tells the story of a thief. Grigory Chelkash is well known to people who live on the coast. Everyone knows him as an avid drunkard and a brave thief.

Gavrila, an ordinary peasant man. In Gorky's story, he appears to the reader as a nice guy who works to support his mother and home.

Such two different people meet completely by chance. A dispute ensues between them about who is better and more dexterous. Chelkash decides to take Gavrila on the case. To do this, he treats the guy in a tavern and thereby gains confidence in him. Chelkash becomes something of a master for Gavrila. He feels strength in Grigory, begins to trust him, and Gavrila is imbued with a certain feeling of gratitude and submission to him.

While the men are sailing to steal, Gavrila is overcome with fear many times. Here the reader understands that this “nice guy,” a simple peasant, is in fact a coward. Gavrila asks Chelkash to let him go. Because of this, there is noise in the boat and they are almost overtaken by the keepers of order. But everything goes well, the business is completed, and the men sail to sell their booty.

Gavrila, who was cowardly and timid before the sea, seeing how much money Chelkash received for the stolen thing, begins to think about how much he could do on his land if he had so much money. Here the most terrible human vice awakens in the “nice guy” - greed. The author of the story describes the feeling that arose in Gavril as very exciting, exciting and revealing in a person all the worst that can be.

Chelkash, although a thief, kept his word and gave Gavrila money. But this was not enough for the hero. Then Gavrila decided to beg Chelkash for all the money. The drama that takes place on the seashore between two people shows the reader the consequences of greed. In this story, Gavrila was ready to kill a person just to get all the money for the stolen item.

At the beginning of Maxim Gorky's story "Chelkash" Gavrila appears as an ordinary peasant who farms the land and works to feed his family. But subsequently the author reveals in this hero the lowest and most terrible human qualities such as cowardice, greed and anger.

The love story that Bunin tells the reader in “Dark Alleys” may at first seem quite ordinary. Young nobleman Nikolai and the serf beauty Nadezhda

Most of M. Gorky's works are written in the style of realism, but in his early stories there is a romantic spirit. The main characters of these stories live in close connection with nature. The writer identifies nature and man. In his works, he gives preference to people who are free from the laws of society. These heroes have interesting views and behavior. The main character always has an antagonist - a hero who has an opposite view of the world. A conflict arises between these characters, which forms the basis of the work; it reveals the plot of the work.

Like most of Gorky's stories, "Chelkash" tells about human relationships; the work depicts nature and its relationship with state of mind characters.

The events that Gorky talks about in Chelkash took place on the seashore, in a port city. The main characters are Chelkash and Gavrila. These characters are opposed to each other. Chelkash is a rather middle-aged thief and drunkard who does not have his own home. Gavrila is a young peasant who came to these places after a failed attempt to find a job to earn money.

Grishka Chelkash is known to everyone in the port as an avid drunkard and a clever thief. His appearance was similar to other “tramp figures” encountered in the port, but he was surprising in his resemblance to the “steppe hawk”. He was a “long, bony, slightly stooped” man, “with a humpbacked predatory nose and cold gray eyes.” He had a thick and long brown mustache that “twitched every now and then”; he kept his hands clasped behind his back and constantly rubbed them, nervously twisting his long, crooked and tenacious fingers. At first glance, his gait was calm, but vigilant, like the flight of a bird, which Chelkash’s entire appearance was reminiscent of.

Chelkash lived in the port as a theft, sometimes his deals were successful and then he had money, which he immediately drank away.

Chelkash and Gavrila met when Chelkash was walking along the harbor and thinking about how he could carry out the “task” that lay ahead that night. His partner broke his leg, which greatly complicated the whole matter. Chelkash was very annoyed.

Gavrila was returning home after a failed attempt to earn some money in the Kuban. He also had reason to be upset - after his father’s death, he could only get out of poverty in one way - “to become a son-in-law in a good home,” which meant becoming a farm laborer.

Chelkash quite by chance saw a young, strong guy, dressed in a tattered red cap, shod in bast shoes and sitting right next to the sidewalk.

Chelkash touched the guy, got into conversation with him and unexpectedly decided to take him with him to the “case”.

The meeting of the heroes is described by Gorky in detail. We hear the conversation, inner experiences and thoughts of each character. The author pays special attention to Chelkash, noticing every detail, the slightest change in the behavior of his character. These are reflections about his former life, about the peasant boy Gavril, who, by the will of fate, found himself in his “wolf’s paws.” Either he feels dominance over someone, while feeling proud of himself, then his mood changes, and he wants to scold or hit Gavrila, then suddenly he wants to feel sorry for him. He once had a house, a wife, and parents, but then he turned into a thief and an inveterate drunkard. However, to the reader he does not seem to be a complete person. We see in him a proud and strong nature. Despite the fact that he has an unpresentable appearance, the hero has an extraordinary personality. Chelkash can find an approach to everyone, can come to an agreement with everyone. It has its own special relationship to the sea and nature. Being a thief, Chelkash loves the sea. His inner world the author even compares it with the sea: “a seething nervous nature”, he was greedy for impressions, looking at the sea, he experienced a “broad warm feeling” that covered his entire soul and cleansed it of everyday filth. Among the water and air, Chelkash felt the best, there his thoughts about life, and, indeed, life itself lost value and poignancy.

We see Gavrila completely differently. First, we are presented with a “downtrodden”, distrustful village guy, and then a slave, scared to death. After the successful completion of the “case,” when Gavrila saw big money for the first time in his life, it seemed to “break through” him. The author describes the feelings overwhelming Gavrila very vividly. Undisguised greed becomes visible to us. Immediately, compassion and pity for the village boy disappeared. When, falling to his knees, Gavrila began to beg Chelkash to give him all the money, the reader saw a completely different person - a “vile slave” who had forgotten about everything, wanting only to beg more money from his master. Feeling acute pity and hatred for this greedy slave, Chelkash throws all the money at him. At this moment he feels like a hero. He is sure that he will never become like that, despite the fact that he is a thief and a drunkard.

However, after Gavrila’s words that he wanted to kill Chelkash and throw him into the sea, he experiences burning rage. Chelkash takes the money, turns his back to Gavrila and leaves.

Gavrila could not survive this; he grabbed a stone and threw it at Chelkash’s head. Seeing what he had done, he again began to beg for forgiveness.

And in this situation Chelkash was superior. He realized that Gavrila had a mean and petty soul, and threw the money right in his face. Gavrila at first looked after Chelkash, who was staggering and holding his head, but then he sighed, as if freed, crossed himself, hid the money and headed in the opposite direction.