How to draw flowers in an unconventional way. Original techniques and drawing techniques

Blotography.

It consists of teaching children how to make blots (black and multi-colored). Then a 3-year-old child can look at them and see images, objects or individual details. “What does your or my blot look like?”, “Who or what does it remind you of?” - these questions are very useful, because... develop thinking and imagination. After this, without forcing the child, but by showing him, we recommend moving on to the next stage - tracing or finishing the blots. The result can be a whole plot.

Drawing together on a long strip of paper.

By the way, it is useful to change the paper format (i.e., give not only the standard). In this case, a long strip will help two people to draw without interfering with each other. You can draw isolated objects or scenes, i.e. work nearby. And even in this case, the child is warmer from the elbow of mom or dad. And then it is advisable to move on to collective drawing. The adults and the child agree on who will draw what to create one story.

Poking with a hard, semi-dry brush.

Means of expression: texture of color, color. Materials: hard brush, gouache, paper of any color and format, or a cut out silhouette of a furry or prickly animal. Method of obtaining an image: the child dips a brush into the gouache and hits the paper with it, holding it vertically. When working, the brush does not fall into the water. In this way, the entire sheet, outline or template is filled. The result is an imitation of the texture of a fluffy or prickly surface.

Finger painting.

Means of expression: spot, dot, short line, color. Materials: bowls with gouache, thick paper of any color, small sheets, napkins. Method of obtaining an image: the child dips his finger in the gouache and puts dots and specks on the paper. Each finger is painted with a different color. After work, wipe your fingers with a napkin, then the gouache is easily washed off.

Palm drawing.

Means of expression: spot, color, fantastic silhouette. Materials: wide saucers with gouache, brush, thick paper of any color, large format sheets, napkins. Method of obtaining an image: a child dips his palm (the entire brush) into gouache or paints it with a brush (from the age of 5) and makes an imprint on paper. They draw with both the right and left hands, painted in different colors. After work, wipe your hands with a napkin, then the gouache is easily washed off.

Drawing with a secret in three pairs of hands.

Take a rectangular sheet of paper and 3 pencils. Adults and children are divided: who will draw first, who will draw second, who will draw third. The first one begins to draw, and then closes his drawing, folding the piece of paper at the top and leaving a little bit, some part, for continuation (the neck, for example). The second, seeing nothing but the neck, naturally continues with the torso, leaving only part of the legs visible. The third one finishes. Then the entire sheet is opened - and almost always it turns out funny: from the discrepancy between proportions and color schemes.

Drawing yourself or drawing your favorite toys from life.

Drawing from life develops observation, the ability to no longer create, but to depict according to the rules, i.e. draw so that it is similar to the original in proportions, shapes, and color. Suggest that you first draw a picture of yourself while looking in the mirror. And be sure to look in the mirror many times. Better yet, show how you adults will draw yourself, making sure to look in the mirror many times. Next, let the child choose an object for himself. It could be a favorite doll, a bear, or a car. It is important to learn to observe for a long time, comparing parts of an object. And one more thing. If a child departs from nature, brings in something of his own, resulting in a completely different object or toy, do not be upset. Praise your child: “You drew a new car today! You probably want one?” But at the end of such a drawing, it is important to ask: “How does the drawn car differ from this one?” Rolling the paper.

Means of expression: texture, volume. Materials: napkins or colored double-sided paper, PVA glue poured into a saucer, thick paper or colored cardboard for the base. Method of obtaining an image: the child crumples the paper in his hands until it becomes soft. Then he rolls it into a ball. Its sizes can be different: from small (berry) to large (cloud, lump for a snowman). After this, the paper ball is dipped in glue and glued to the base.

“I draw mom”...

It would be good to continue drawing from life or drawing from memory (family members, relatives and friends could become objects for such an image). Supporting material may include photographs or conversations about characteristic features appearance absent relatives... Photos are taken and examined. A conversation is being held: “What is Grandma Valya like? What kind of hair does she have? Hairstyle? Favorite dress? Smile?” And the process of co-creation begins. After a while, you can offer to draw the girlfriends from memory. When you have collected enough drawings depicting relatives and friends, we advise you to organize a mini-exhibition “My Relatives and Friends,” where the first portraits of a preschooler are appreciated.

Imprint with crumpled paper.

Means of expression: stain, texture, color. Materials: saucer or plastic box containing a stamp pad made of thin foam rubber impregnated with gouache, thick paper of any color and size, crumpled paper. Method of obtaining an image: a child presses crumpled paper onto a stamp pad with paint and makes an impression on the paper. To get a different color, both the saucer and the crumpled paper are changed. Wax crayons + watercolor.

Means of expression: color, line, spot, texture. Materials: wax crayons, thick white paper, watercolor, brushes. Method of obtaining an image: the child draws with wax crayons on white paper. Then he paints the sheet with watercolors in one or more colors. The chalk drawing remains unpainted.

Candle + watercolor.

Means of expression: color, line, spot, texture. Materials: candle, thick paper, watercolor, brushes. Method of obtaining an image: a child draws on paper with a candle. Then he paints the sheet with watercolors in one or more colors. The candle pattern remains white.

Bitmap.

Children like everything unconventional. Drawing with dots is an unusual technique in this case. To implement it, you can take a felt-tip pen, a pencil, place it perpendicular to a white sheet of paper and start drawing. But the best thing to do is dotted drawings with paints. Here's how it's done. A match, cleaned of sulfur, is tightly wrapped with a small piece of cotton wool and dipped in thick paint. And then the principle of drawing dots is the same. The main thing is to immediately interest the child. Spray Means of expression: point, texture. Materials: paper, gouache, hard brush, piece of thick cardboard or plastic (5x5 cm). Method of obtaining an image: the child picks up paint on a brush and hits the brush on the cardboard, which he holds above the paper. Then he paints the sheet with watercolors in one or more colors. Paint splashes onto the paper. Leaf prints.

Means of expression: texture, color. Materials: paper, gouache, leaves of various trees (preferably fallen ones), brushes. Method of obtaining an image: a child covers a piece of wood with paints of different colors, then applies it with the painted side to the paper to make a print. Each time a new leaf is taken. The petioles of the leaves can be painted on with a brush.

Conducting a series of classes using a variety of techniques to identify children’s abilities over the course of time, it is clear that children have the ability to work with paints using non-traditional techniques. In children with poorly developed artistic and creative abilities, the indicators are slightly higher than at the beginning academic year, but through the use of non-traditional materials, the level of passion for the topic and technique and the ability to perceive color have improved.

Foam drawings.

For some reason, we all tend to think that if we paint with paints, we must also use a brush. Not always, say TRIZ members. Foam rubber can come to the rescue. We advise you to make a variety of small geometric figures out of it, and then attach them with thin wire to a stick or pencil (not sharpened). The tool is already ready. Now you can dip it in paint and use stamps to draw red triangles, yellow circles, green squares (all foam rubber, unlike cotton wool, washes well). At first, children will draw chaotically geometric shapes. And then offer to make simple ornaments out of them - first from one type of figure, then from two, three.

Mysterious drawings.

Mysterious drawings can be obtained as follows. Take cardboard measuring approximately 20x20 cm and fold it in half. Then a semi-woolen or woolen thread about 30 cm long is selected, its end 8 - 10 cm is dipped in thick paint and clamped inside the cardboard. You should then move this thread inside the cardboard, and then take it out and open the cardboard. The result is a chaotic image, which is examined, outlined and completed by adults and children. It is extremely useful to give titles to the resulting images. This complex mental and verbal work, combined with visual work, will contribute to the intellectual development of preschool children.

Drawing with crayons.

Preschoolers love variety. These opportunities are provided to us by ordinary crayons, sanguine, and charcoal. Smooth asphalt, porcelain, ceramic tiles, stones - this is the base on which chalk and charcoal fit well. Thus, asphalt is conducive to a succinct depiction of subjects. They (if there is no rain) can be developed the next day. And then compose stories based on the plots. And on ceramic tiles (which are sometimes leftovers stored somewhere in the pantry), we recommend drawing patterns and small objects with crayons or charcoal. Large stones (such as voluns) are asked to be decorated with the image of an animal’s head or a tree stump. It depends on what or who the stone resembles in shape.

Magic drawing method.

This method is implemented like this. Using the corner of a wax candle, an image is drawn on white paper (a Christmas tree, a house, or maybe a whole plot). Then, using a brush, or better yet, cotton wool or foam rubber, the paint is applied on top of the entire image. Due to the fact that the paint does not stick to the bold image like a candle, the drawing seems to appear suddenly before the children’s eyes, appearing. You can get the same effect by first drawing with office glue or a piece of laundry soap. In this case, the selection of the background to the subject plays an important role. For example, it is better to paint a snowman drawn with a candle with blue paint, and a boat with green paint. There is no need to worry if candles or soap start to crumble while drawing. It depends on their quality.

Painting small stones.

Of course, most often the child draws large stone tiles on a plane, on paper, or less often on asphalt. A flat image of a house, trees, cars, animals on paper is not as attractive as creating three-dimensional creations of your own. In this regard, sea pebbles are ideally used. They are smooth, small and have different shape. The very shape of the pebble will sometimes tell the child what image to create in this case (and sometimes adults will help the kids). It is better to paint one pebble as a frog, another as a bug, and the third will produce a wonderful fungus. Bright, thick paint is applied to the pebble - and the image is ready. It’s better to finish it like this: after the pebble has dried, cover it with colorless varnish. In this case, a voluminous beetle or frog made by children’s hands shines and shimmers brightly. This toy will take part in independent children's games more than once and bring considerable benefit to its owner.

Nitography method.

This method exists mainly for girls. But this does not mean that it is not suitable for children of a different gender. And it consists in the following. First, a screen measuring 25x25 cm is made from cardboard. Either velvet paper or plain flannel is glued onto the cardboard. It would be nice to prepare a nice bag with a set of woolen or half-woolen threads for the screen various colors. This method is based on the following feature: threads having a certain percentage of wool are attracted to flannel or velvet paper. You just need to attach them with light movements of your index finger. From such threads you can prepare interesting stories. Imagination and sense of taste develop. Girls especially learn to skillfully select colors. Some thread colors suit light flannel, and completely different ones suit dark flannel. Thus begins the gradual path to women’s craft, a very necessary handicraft for them.

Monotype method.

A few words about this unfortunately rarely used method. And in vain. Because it contains a lot of tempting things for preschoolers. In short, this is an image on cellophane, which is then transferred to paper. On smooth cellophane I paint with paint using a brush, or a match with cotton wool, or my finger. The paint should be thick and bright. And immediately, before the paint has dried, they turn the cellophane over with the image down onto white thick paper and, as it were, blot the drawing, and then lift it up. This results in two drawings. Sometimes the image remains on cellophane, sometimes on paper.

Drawing on wet paper.

Until recently, it was believed that painting could only be done on dry paper, because the paint was sufficiently diluted with water. But there are a number of objects, subjects, images that are better to draw on damp paper. Clarity and vagueness are needed, for example, if a child wants to depict the following themes: “A city in the fog,” “I had a dream,” “It’s raining,” “ Night city", "Flowers behind the curtain", etc. You need to teach your preschooler to make the paper a little damp. If the paper is too wet, the drawing may not work out. Therefore, it is recommended to wet a ball of cotton wool in clean water, squeeze it out and rub it over the entire sheet of paper, or (if so required) only in a separate part. And the paper is ready to produce unclear images.

Fabric images.

We collect remnants of fabrics of various patterns and different qualities into a bag. As they say, both chintz and brocade will come in handy. It is very important to show with specific examples how a design on a fabric, as well as its dressing, can help to depict something in a plot very vividly and at the same time easily. Let's give a few examples. Thus, flowers are depicted on one of the fabrics. They are cut out along the contour, glued (only with paste or other good glue), and then painted on the table or vase. The result is a capacious colorful image. There are fabrics that can serve well as a house or the body of an animal, or a beautiful umbrella, or a hat for a doll, or a handbag.

Volume application.

It is obvious that children love to do appliqué: cut something out and stick it on, getting a lot of pleasure from the process itself. And we need to create all the conditions for them. Along with planar appliqué, teach them to do three-dimensional applique: three-dimensional is better perceived by a preschooler and more realistically reflects the world around them. In order to obtain such an image, you need to wrinkle the applicative colored paper well in children’s hands, then slightly straighten it and cut out the required shape. Then just stick it on and, if necessary, draw in individual details with a pencil or felt-tip pen. For example, make a turtle that is so beloved by children. Remember the brown paper, straighten it slightly, cut out an oval shape and stick it on, and then draw on the head and legs.

We draw using postcards.

In fact, almost every home has a ton of old postcards. Go through old postcards with your children, teach them to cut out the necessary images and paste them into place, into the plot. A bright factory image of objects and phenomena will give even the simplest unpretentious drawing a completely artistic design. Can a three-, four-, or even five-year-old child draw a dog and a beetle? No. But he will add sun and rain to the dog and the bug and will be very happy. Or if, together with the children, you cut out a fairy-tale house with a grandmother in the window from a postcard and paste it on, then the preschooler, relying on his imagination, knowledge of fairy tales and visual skills, will undoubtedly add something to it.

Learning to make a background.

Usually children draw on white paper. This way you can see it more clearly. It's faster that way. But some stories require a background. And, I must say, all children’s works look better against a background made in advance. Many children make the background with a brush, and an ordinary, small one. Although there is a simple and reliable way: to make a background with cotton wool or a piece of foam rubber dipped in water and paint.

The concept itself explains the meaning of this method: it combines several of those described above. In general, we ideally think the following is important: it is good when a preschooler is not only familiar with various image techniques, but also does not forget about them, but uses them appropriately, fulfilling a given goal. For example, one of the 5-6 year old children decided to draw summer, and for this he uses a dotted pattern (flowers), and the child will draw the sun with his finger, he will cut out fruits and vegetables from postcards, he will depict the sky and clouds with fabrics, etc. The limit to improvement and creativity in visual arts No. English teacher-researcher Anna Rogovin recommends using everything that is at hand for drawing exercises: drawing with a rag, a paper napkin (folded many times); draw with dirty water, old tea leaves, coffee grounds, berry juice. It is also useful to color cans and bottles, spools and boxes, etc.

There are different drawing techniques - some of them are traditional, others are unconventional and even innovative. In general, the painting technique is characterized not so much by the materials used, but by the method of applying paints. The length and direction of the strokes, their brightness, and methods of mixing colors matter. All this is individual for each artist, and forms his style. But there are still main types of drawing techniques that are distinguished by the paints used. So the most famous and popular drawing techniques include: drawing with pencil, gouache, watercolor, oil and pastel.

The simplest technique is considered to be drawing with a pencil. Everyone starts with pencil drawings. Little children pick up a pencil and begin to create their masterpieces. The pencil drawing technique does not require any special skill. In addition, pencil drawings are a preparatory stage for other techniques. However, the pencil technique also has its secrets of how to achieve accuracy and high quality in a drawing. For example, one of these secrets is the technique of shading.

Gouache paints are good for beginners. They are good for learning to draw. They are diluted with water, are opaque and can overlap one color with another. When painting with gouache, you can take any colors and paint with them in any order. Paints can be mixed on a palette and get different shades.

Gouache paints

The watercolor technique is more complex; it often remains incomprehensible and mysterious. The apparent ease here is deceptive. Watercolor from the Latin aqua water. It is the artist’s ability to control this water element mixed with paint that determines his skill and mastery of this technique. Watercolor is fluid and transparent, susceptible to brush movement. This is a favorite technique of many artists.

They paint with oil paints mainly in two ways: with and without underpainting. The first method requires quite complex preparation. No strict rules for applying oil or colorful layers does not exist. Try it various options. Sometimes the shade of a vertical stroke does not fit into the work, but if you put it horizontally, it will look good. In general, even a non-professional artist can paint an oil painting.

In order to work with soft pastel crayons, a rough, fleecy surface is required. You can both draw and write with pastels, that is, you can depict figures with lines and contours, and then paint over them, or you can create multi-color paintings with small strokes that are mixed, rubbed and shaded. Pastel looks very beautiful on a dark background, so tinted paper is often used in this technique.

IN lately Another very popular and widespread drawing technique has appeared - drawing with a stylus on the tablet screen. This technique is suitable for both beginners and professionals. There are even programs that help both children and adults master the technique of drawing on the screen. For example, the “How to Draw” program offers you to master drawings of varying degrees of complexity and different styles.

Drawing on the tablet screen

But no matter what technique you decide to use, remember that training will help you realize your wildest ideas.

Understanding the world around them, children try to express their impressions about it through cognitive and creative activities: playing, drawing, telling stories. Drawing provides enormous opportunities here. To give children the opportunity to express themselves in a variety of ways, you can practice drawing with your child both in traditional techniques and in the most unusual ones. The more interesting the conditions in which the child’s visual activity takes place, the more rapidly his creative abilities will develop. Let's see what children's drawing techniques can be used for the development of a child.

Traditional painting techniques

The basis for the overall comprehensive development of a child is laid in the youngest preschool age. Drawing is one of the most important means of child development, during which the child learns about the world and forms an aesthetic attitude towards it.

When drawing, a child develops a wide variety of abilities, namely:

• the child learns to visually evaluate the shape of an object, navigate in space, distinguish and feel colors
• trains eyes and hands
• develops the hand.

“Did you know that drawing is one of the main ways for a child to develop his senses, fine motor skills, sense of shape and color? With the help of this simple and exciting activity, children convey their attitude to reality.”

The success of upbringing and learning depends on what forms and methods a teacher or parent uses in creative activities with a child.

Thus, the main technique for children of primary preschool age is to demonstrate how to use a pencil and paints. At the same age, passive drawing is effective: when an adult guides the baby’s hand. When the baby grows a little, visual arts are taught using the information-receptive method: children study the shape of an object, tracing it with their hand, feeling its outlines. Such exploration of the subject helps the child create a more complete understanding of the subject. The next stage is the choice of drawing technique.

Traditional children's drawing techniques:

1. Drawing with a simple pencil.
2. Drawing with colored pencils.
3. Drawing with felt-tip pens.
4. Painting with a brush - watercolor, gouache.
5. Drawing with wax crayons.

When starting to choose a drawing technique for your baby, you need to pay attention to his age and interest. To be useful and educational, drawing must first of all be fun.

Drawing with paints and pencils

Children enjoy drawing, especially if they are good at it. Even drawing using traditional techniques such as painting with paints and pencils requires certain skills. If the skills are missing, then the drawing may not turn out the way the little artist intended, as a result of which the child may become upset and no longer want to draw. Younger preschoolers are not yet skilled enough in drawing.

Let's see how you can teach your child to draw with paints and pencils.

Learn to paint with paints

Today, a child’s first use of paints is finger painting. As soon as your baby has learned to hold a brush in his hand, invite him to paint with it. For the first lessons it is better to use: it does not need to be diluted with water and it leaves a bright trace. Show your child this painting technique as “dipping”: a brush with paint should be applied to the paper with all its bristles. This will create an imprint - a leaf, a light, a trace of an animal, a flower, etc. Children can use this simple technique when depicting natural phenomena that are familiar to them. It will be interesting to draw on dark-colored paper (for example, blue) with white gouache. This is how you can depict, say, snowfall. The next stage of painting with paints is the image of straight and wavy lines.

Typically, a child masters working with paints and brushes by the age of 3.5–4 years. From this age, the baby can be given paints at his disposal: let him paint what he wants. And parents just need to suggest topics for drawing and show the correct techniques.

Let's start drawing with a pencil

At first, it is better to give the baby not a pencil in his hand, but a felt-tip pen: they leave a bright mark even when the child’s hand presses lightly. When your hand gets stronger, put a pencil in his hand. Draw different shapes together by moving your child's hand. This way he will gradually understand how to move the pencil to get the desired drawing. Repeat the movements many times, strengthening them.

"Advice. Keep your child interested in drawing by providing good conditions for creativity: high-quality supplies, a separate table and chair in a bright place, appropriate for the child’s height.”

Children's unconventional drawing techniques

Unconventional techniques children's drawing stimulate the development of imagination and creative thinking, the manifestation of initiative and independence in the baby. In the process of such drawing, the preschooler will improve his powers of observation, form an individual perception of art and beauty, and try to create something beautiful. And unconventional drawing also brings children a lot of positive emotions.

Let's see what non-traditional drawing techniques you can practice with your child at home.

For children of primary preschool age:

1. Finger drawing. The kid dips his fingers in gouache and applies paint to the paper.
2. Drawing with palms. The little one applies gouache all over his palm and makes prints on paper, which can later become funny pictures.

For children of middle preschool age:

1. Foam imprint. The child dips a piece of foam rubber into the paint and makes an imprint on the paper.
2. Imprint with cork.
3. Combined drawing with wax crayons and watercolors. The child draws an image with wax crayons on paper, and then paints over only a sheet of paper with watercolors, without affecting the drawing.
4. Drawing with cotton swabs or drinking straws. Dipping them in paint and applying in different ways, you can make an interesting picture.

For children of senior school age:

1. Drawing with sand or salt.
2. "Spray." By picking up paint on a brush and hitting it on the cardboard above the paper, the child will receive a whole fireworks of paint splashes that will fall on the paper.
3. Drawing with crumpled paper. Pieces of crumpled paper are painted and pressed onto the paper where the painting is planned to appear.
4. Klyasography. You can blow colorful blots through a cocktail straw. Or you can put them with a regular plastic spoon. Using your imagination, blots can be turned into funny characters or landscape elements.
5. Monotype. By covering thick paper or ceramic tiles with a thick layer of paint, and then applying a sheet of paper, we get a blurred print on the paper that can become the basis for a landscape.
6. Engraving (grattage). After painting a sheet of paper with a thick layer of gouache, try scratching it out together with your child using toothpicks.

We use various materials

“Did you know that various non-traditional children's drawing techniques are becoming more and more popular every day? When drawing, kids act as they please.”

The beauty of non-traditional drawing techniques is that in the creative process a child can use a variety of materials and their combinations. That’s why these drawing methods are very interesting for both children and adults: there are no limits to imagination and self-expression.

What combinations of materials can be used when drawing to make the creative process enjoyable and the picture to turn out unusual and expressive?

1. Imprints of natural materials. If you cover leaves, cones, flowers with different paints, and then apply them to paper, you will get a print. Having completed the missing details, the child will come out with an excellent one.
2. Plasticine. You can not only sculpt figures from plasticine, but also draw on paper with it. This method is called plasticineography.
3. Whatever is at hand. Using a wooden thread spool, threads themselves, buttons different sizes and shapes, a cardboard tube, a fresh orange peel, an ear of corn, a knitting needle and anything that can be found around the house and adapted for creativity can be drawn. Each item leaves its own unique imprint. With a little imagination, you can create unusual paintings using completely everyday objects. The coil will leave a mark that looks like a wheel or two tracks, a button - a circle with dots. You can cut unusual stamps from orange peel, for example, in the form of a spiral. And the function of a paint roller will be performed by a corn cob or a cardboard tube.

Drawing is an excellent leisure activity for a preschooler, a job that should not be forced. However, it is important to support the child and positively evaluate the results of his creativity. Expand your child's creativity. Traditional drawing will teach your child how to properly use a brush, paints, pencils and felt-tip pens, teach you to recognize and draw different shapes, and distinguish colors. And non-traditional drawing techniques will help him become more creative, emotionally stable, confident in his abilities, and proactive.

Consultation for parents "Non-traditional drawing techniques in joint activities of children and parents"

Non-traditional drawing techniques in joint activities of children and parents

He draws a stick on the ground,
In winter, a finger on the glass,
and writes with charcoal on the fence,
and on the wallpaper in the hallway.

Draws with chalk on a blackboard
Writes on clay and sand,
Let there be no paper at hand,
And there is no money for canvases,

He will draw on stone
And on a piece of birch bark.
He will paint the air with fireworks,
Taking a pitchfork, he writes on the water,

An artist, therefore an artist,
Which can draw everywhere.
Who is stopping the artist?
He is depriving the earth of its beauty!

“The origins of children’s abilities and talents are at their fingertips. From the fingers, figuratively speaking, come the finest threads - streams that feed the source of creative thought. In other words, the more skill in a child’s hand, the smarter the child.”
V.A. Sukhomlinsky

It is known that drawing is one of the most favorite children’s activities, which brings up a lot in the child. positive qualities, such as perseverance and patience, attentiveness, imagination, ability to think and much more. All of them will be very useful to the baby in later life.
Along with traditional methods of depicting an object or object on paper (drawing with pencils, brushes and paints, gouache), I also use non-traditional techniques in my work. I think that they attract the attention of little fidgets more. They are interesting to children of all ages and allow them to reach their full potential during the creative process. The work of creating drawings is not difficult, so kids do it with pleasure, acquiring skills in working with materials and becoming familiar with painting.
To instill a love of fine art and arouse interest in drawing, starting from a young age, I advise parents to use unconventional methods of depiction. Such unconventional drawing gives children many positive emotions and reveals the possibility of using objects well known to them as art materials, surprises with its unpredictability.
Organize your workspace at home so that it is comfortable for your child not only to sit, but also to stand, and sometimes even move around a piece of paper. After all, you can draw any way, anywhere and with anything!
Be friends with your child. Try to understand what makes him happy, what makes him sad, what he strives for. Ask him to tell you what he wanted to depict. And do not forget that the child expects praise from you. He really wants you, adults, to like his work. Rejoice at his successes and under no circumstances ridicule the young artist if he fails. No problem next time!
Unconventional drawing techniques- these are methods of drawing with various materials: foam rubber, crumpled paper, tubes, threads, paraffin candles, dry leaves; drawing with palms, fingers, blunt ends of pencils, cotton swabs, etc.
They are different for each age group.
With children junior preschool age can be used:
finger painting
painting with cotton swabs
poke with a hard semi-dry brush
palm painting
Children middle preschool age You can introduce more complex techniques:
foam rubber impression
stencil printing
candle and watercolor
spray
poking
IN senior preschool age children can master even more difficult methods and techniques:
regular blotography
drawing with a toothpick
monotype
batik
Each of these methods is a little game. Their use allows children to feel more relaxed, bolder, develops imagination and freedom for self-expression, and the work also contributes to the development of coordination of movements.
Non-traditional artistic and graphic techniques:
Punching
Since little children are always happy to stamp everything they can, they always like this drawing technique. Using a stamp made in advance (this could be the bottom of a plastic bottle, a lid, a cut from a potato, an apple, etc., covered with paint), imprints are applied to the paper, creating a design that can later be supplemented.

Hi all! We continue to provide interesting ideas for educators, parents and teachers. And today we will talk about unconventional drawing techniques. These ideas are suitable for kindergarten and school. Unconventional drawing does not mean something complicated. On the contrary, it is the unconventional technique that turns art classes into simple and fun fun. There is no need to draw complex elements, no need to masterly use a brush. Non-traditional techniques were CREATED because they SIMPLIFY the child’s work and EASIER the teacher’s task in methodological terms and give the child an amazing creative experience with an excellent final result. You will see what beautiful paintings and drawings can be made using simple non-traditional drawing techniques. The child will love your activities - he himself will be drawn to art when he feels that he can create beauty with his own hands.

I have divided all the techniques of non-traditional drawing into SEPARATE GROUPS - and I will explain and show everything in order.

Unconventional drawing

PALM PRINTS

IN kindergarten In fine art classes, it is important to choose work that will be feasible for younger children. In the second younger group, children have poor brush control, it is difficult for them to force the brush to draw a line, an oval, a circle... Therefore, at this age, quick and beautiful drawings using the palm painting technique are interesting.

With your children's hands you can draw such a cute family of a hen and chicks.

Green paint will give you a print that can be made into a frog. The eyes can be drawn separately on white circles of paper (by the teacher themselves) and the children will simply glue the eyes onto the drawing with PVA glue.

Here is another example of an appliqué drawing using this non-traditional do-it-yourself painting technique. If we add the side wings and sharp tips of the ears to the palm print, we get the silhouette of an owl. The background for such a craft can be chosen from black cardboard, and a large circle of yellow paper (moon) can be glued onto it. And already against the background of the lunar disk, make an owl-palm print. And then when the print dries, we add a long branch on which this owl is sitting.

The palm acts as a template - first sketch, trace the palm on a piece of paper, and then try to draw an eye here or there. And look closely and see which character is looking at you.

Same for crafts using the non-traditional technique “Palm + paint” you need to prepare the background in advance. Or use colored paper to create a green lawn and a pond for ducks. Or draw in advance - tint the sheet with blue and green paint, dry and prepare for class (hold under heavy pressure from books).

As you can see in the photo below, you can add applied parts to the palm element of the design - appliqués made of paper and other materials. Below is an example of how ordinary gray paper from a box can become a prototype for a craft. To small child it was more convenient to draw circle-face of a lion- give him a jar lid template. Let the children trace the round lid along the center of the “cardboard mane” with a pencil and then carefully fill in the circle with paint – first tracing with a slow brush along the edge of the line, and then painting in the middle. We fill in the black details of the mustache, nose and ears with a marker (the teacher himself once the craft is dry).

In non-traditional palm painting, images of birds are often used. Here's a simple idea for drawing a sparrow in kindergarten. It's easy and quick to draw with your own hands for children in the middle group.

But here are ideas for non-traditional hand drawing for children of average and senior group. Craft MONKEY. Here you need to position your palm correctly - so that your fingers are turned towards the vine on which the monkey will hang. Then use a brush to draw a beautiful tail curl. And then lay out the head from the paper appliqué.

And here is a class on non-traditional drawing for the older group - here you need to first draw a tree (trunk, branches, leaves). The leaves are just marks from a brush (press the brush sideways. Raise it sharply up so that the mark does not smudge). While the children are busy drawing the leaves, the trunk will dry out well and the imprint of the koala bear will be perfectly placed on it, as if against a dry background. A beautiful craft for both kindergarten and school (grades 1-4).

And here is a beautiful bright craft-drawing of a GIRAFFE. Here we also see a base made from a palm print. But a long neck element with a head is added to the picture. Before applying spots and strokes of the mane, you need to wait until the red base has completely dried. The mane is placed with the imprint of a brush - we place the brush on the side and sharply lift it up, the impression is obtained as a tuft of mane hairs - we create a lot of imprints along the entire cervical ridge of the giraffe. .Round spots are easier to draw with a cotton swab (with a brush, the circles will not be even - not all children know how to draw a circle with a brush - this is a complex technique that they will master after they learn to write letters).

For the older group of kindergarten, a hand drawing in the form of a rainbow magical unicorn is suitable. Great craft for girls. The teacher will draw the horn.

And boys will love the drawing in the form of a dragon - also in this technique.

Also, young children really love group crafts. Where the entire kindergarten group participates in one common artistic work. For example, on a large sheet of paper, draw the outlines of the future body of a peacock - and around it line up the imprints of the feathers of its magnificent tail. And then, when the tail is dry, you can glue the body itself along the center.

Drawing WITH FORKS.

non-traditional technology in kindergarten.

Disposable plastic forks are a tool that can create an interesting non-traditional drawing technique for you. All drawings where needed characteristic shaggy stroke, even a small child will be able to draw quickly and easily.

Here is a sample of such work for children in kindergarten. The teacher draws a tree stump on a piece of paper. It comes from the hemp the upward line is the AXIS of the future tree. Using a fork, scoop up the thick paint and apply prints from the side of the axle downwards. First we process the right side of the axis, then the left side of the central rod of the tree.

And already the third stage - we put another layer of CENTRAL STROKES on top of these strokes - this time more vertically down from the center, slightly diverging to the sides.

For convenience Pour the paint into bowls - jar lids work great.

AND to reduce paint consumption , gouache can be diluted with PVA glue - one to one, or in another proportion. Valuable advice - do not buy SCHOOL PVA in small tubes - go to a hardware store and buy a liter (or half-liter) bucket of PVA glue. It will be called universal PVA, or construction PVA - don’t let this confuse you. By chemical composition it is exactly the same as school PVA glue. But the price is 5 or 10 times cheaper. And in a bucket the glue does not lose its freshness, as in a tube. And a liter bucket is enough for a kindergarten group for 3-4 months of active classes.

In such an unconventional technique, you can draw any PINKY elements of the picture - for example, a HEDGEHOG or a CACTUS.

A fork will also help you draw shaggy characters. For example, a yellow fluffy CHICKEN, or a kitten, or a bear cub.

Since the paint already contains PVA glue, you can glue any paper parts (beak, eyes, ears, tails, etc.) onto the wet paint that has not yet dried.

Also, the fork stroke is similar to the plumage of birds. Therefore, you can make a drawing of any bird using this technique. This is how it happens, you can see in the photo of the craft below - COCK..

TRAINING METHODOLOGY – classical.
On two drawing samples.

What is the best way to TEACH DRAWING in kindergarten. Here is a technique that has been working great in kindergarten for several years. This technique allows you to get the CORRECT one the first time children's drawing. Let's look at it using the example of the same COCK from the picture above.

STAGE 1

We seat the children on a chair (in 2 rows) in front of one table. The teacher will do a demonstration on it. The piece of paper already has the outline of a rooster drawn in pencil. Three bowls contain different colors – yellow, red, blue. Each color has its own fork.

In front of the children, we begin our work - we draw feathers with a fork, freely mixing paints. We show you what is wrong and what is right. Let the children see from your example that it is better to draw lines ALONG the neck and ALONG the lines of the tail, and not across.

STAGE 2

We painted feathers for one rooster in front of the children. Now we make him a friend - we take another sheet with a pencil rooster, and ask the children, “What should we do?” Children give you hints, you “mess up”, children correct you, tell you how to do it - you correct yourself and continue to make mistakes, then correct yourself. Now children are already acting as a “knowledgeable teacher”. After this game of drawing the second rooster. The children themselves sit down at the tables, where the same pencil rooster is waiting for them and, with knowledge of the matter, each perform their own craft.

As you can see, the demonstration method always works better on 2-X training drawings with the teacher’s hand.

• The first drawing, where the teacher does everything himself (teaching and explaining to the children)
• The teacher performs the second drawing according to the children’s prompts (“making mistakes” and correcting them).
• Each child already makes the third drawing himself, at his desk, with a smart, scholarly look.

Unconventional DRAWING

FOOT PRINTS

The print of a child's foot, like a palm, can be turned into an interesting drawing. The most different characters may be hidden in a child's footprint.

These are the kinds of paintings that can be created using the technique of unconventional drawing from an ordinary print of a child’s foot.

I’ll say right away that in the realities of a kindergarten (where there are 30 children in a group) This kind of drawing with feet is difficult to organize. In the case of drawings with palms, everything is simple: children wipe their palms with a wet cloth (remove the main layer of paint), and then go to the sink and wash their hands with soap. When drawing with feet, the child cannot go and wash his feet in the washbasin. A gentle man with soap and several basins to wash his feet. You can’t do this kind of work with a whole kindergarten group. But…

This kind of drawing can be done as a specially organized individual lesson. Children are divided into groups of 4 people. One child gives his feet for a print, the second draws eyes, ears, tails, the third child draws grass, the sun, the fourth a tree, a bird and so on... (depending on the theme and plot of the picture).

You can try this option for organizing the entire process. Before bedtime, when children are barefoot. Let the child step on a piece of foam rubber soaked in paint. And then straight onto a sheet of paper. And then immediately a thin, wet, soapy terry towel, then into a basin with some water... and go to bed.

That is, you need to buy a sheet of foam rubber(it’s cheap in the construction department, sold cut into meters). Wet the foam rubber, dilute the paint slightly with water so that it is well absorbed into the foam rubber (like ink in printing), place a sheet of foam rubber on a plastic tray. Nearby, on a second plastic tray, there is a wet, soapy towel (for wiping off paint), then there is a basin of water, and a dry towel. There is a chair next to each tray and basin. Three chairs + three elements (coloring, soap, rinsing, wiping).

It turns out to be a conveyor– the child sits on the first chair (steps on the foam rubber with paint, hop – raises his leg), move the tray with the foam rubber, put a sheet of paper in its place (hop – stamped). The child moves his butt to the second chair, next to which there is a tray with a soapy towel (hop-up, soaped his leg, wiped off the paint). The child moves his butt to the third chair, next to which there is a basin of water with a rag floating in it (hop, wash off the soapy leg where you need it with a rag). And wipe with a dry towel.

Everyone is happy. Except for the sanitation station. It does not allow collective rinsing in one basin. The sanitation station requires for 20 children - 20 basins, and 20 soap towels... 20 dry towels)))

Unconventional drawing

HATCHING method

And here’s another beautiful piece of equipment for kindergarten. Where the elements of the drawing are created using the shading method. This results in an interesting image texture. This method is convenient for drawing everything fluffy and shaggy.

The technique is well illustrated in the example of this HARE craft.

The hare drawing is divided into ROW-SECTORS, each of which is shaded. We get even rows of shading.

Here is a life-size template for this craft.

You can modify this craft and present it as an applique. Where each element is cut out separately (ears, forehead, cheeks, nose, neck). Then each element is shaded. And then everything is assembled into a single whole application.

The ZONE HATCHING method can be used to create any other furry characters. For example, a fluffy ostrich.

That is, the teacher gives the child a piece of paper on which the eyes and beak of an ostrich are drawn. The child’s task is to draw a fluffy cloud of strokes around the eyes with a pencil or wax crayons. And then, under the resulting fluffy ball, draw the neck in rows of strokes. The teacher can help the children by drawing the circle of the ball of the head and the lines of the future neck, and dividing the neck into sectors for striped multi-colored shading.

You can come up with any character and design it in the form of SECTORS with shading - a cat, a parrot, a dog, and so on.

DRAWING in kindergarten

WITH A COTTON SWIP

(non-traditional technique).

In kindergarten, we all drew the FLUFFY DANDELION craft using cotton swabs. Here it is (photo below). Let's think about what other pictures can be drawn using a cotton swab.

Although even from a simple DANDELION theme you can create an unconventional design - BRIGHT JUICY, as in the photo below.

It is best for young children to draw only SOME ELEMENTS of the characters using the technique of POKING WITH COTTON SWIPS - only the tail of a fox, the tip of a needle for a hedgehog.
That is, a kindergarten teacher combines the work of drawing watnyo with a stick with appliqué. First, on a piece of paper, the child makes an applique of the hedgehog’s face (from brown paper) and the skin of the hedgehog’s back (from white paper). And then this back skin needs to be completely covered with multi-colored cotton swab prints. A fun children's drawing and sticking activity.

You can use drawing with a cotton swab using the ZONE FILLING technique. On a sheet of paper, draw the outline (silhouette) of a character in pencil - for example, a seahorse. The child must fill this entire area without leaving empty spaces or going beyond the pencil border. This is difficult, the child does not always see where he is thick and where he is empty. The teacher needs to repeat all the time: look for empty holes, fill the holes with different colored dots, and not dots of the same color.

The brain, attentiveness, fine motor skills, and a sense of color work here. After all, you need to feel how you distribute the color across the zone - evenly or everything is yellow at the top, and everything is blue at the bottom.

Such a task can be started in the younger group and then in the older group - and even an adult can learn something in such training on the sense of color and composition.

You can also use a cotton swab to make CHAIN ​​PATTERNS. Like the rows of rings on the cacti below.

You can also draw entire pictures with dots. This non-traditional drawing technique can be called DOT GRAPHY.

The most interesting thing is to select dots of different shades and place them differently on the objects in the image.

You can start working on this type of drawing with small tasks. Pieces of landscape, elements of architecture.

There is an artist Angelo Franco who paints paintings using the POINT TO POINT technique. Here are large points, contain smaller ones inside.

With a cotton swab and paints you can draw beautiful MANDALA (photo below). Mandalas are circular patterns, symmetrical and multi-colored. The homeland of mandalas is the East. They still lay out patterns of colored pebbles, colored sand, or flower petals.

For children, we must provide ready-made graphic templates-mandalas, with a given pattern. And the child’s task is to REPEAT EXACTLY every POCK with a stick in each of the symmetrical zones of the mandala. That is... if in one zone you made 2 yellow pokes on a petal, then in the other zones you need to make 2 yellow pokes, on the same petal, in the same place on the petal.

You can find many round mandalas for painting on the Internet. Choose those that are simple and easy to do for children of a given age.

You can draw dotted mandalas on plastic plates. As in the photo below.

You need to start drawing mandalas when the child has already mastered basic counting to 5. And can count the number of PUMPKINS in each ray or in each row of the mandala (if it is a row-ray mandala, as in the photo below).

Agree, this beautiful and unconventional drawing technique perfectly develops a child’s mind, his mathematical abilities, constructive thinking, the ability to plan the result, and calculate the drawing.

Drawing WITH A WET EFFECT.

(non-traditional methods).

Here is another unconventional watercolor painting technique. Here we put watercolor diluted with water on a sheet of paper and blow on it from a tube. We get watery spots and colorful streams. For such drawing it is not necessary to use watercolor; the same can be done with gouache diluted with water.

Below we see how this technique can be used in art classes in kindergarten and school. We give the child a drawing of a face (boy or girl) and the child’s task is to blow out the HAIR for these characters.

You can use a board on which you attach a sheet of paper with a clothespin. We place a large drop of paint on the edge of the sheet and lift this edge of the board up so that the drop flows down like a slide.

If we temporarily seal part of the sheet with a piece of masking tape, then we will have an empty, unpainted space on the sheet. And then in this place you can place an applique of someone under an umbrella. Here's how it's done in the photo below.

In the younger group of kindergarten, children will really enjoy drawing Klaks monsters. Krakozyabra can be inflated from a tube in any direction. And then, after drying, glue applique elements onto them.

Now I want to introduce you to another technique - SOAP + PAINT. Pour regular liquid soap into cups, or liquid for soap bubbles— add a little gouache to each glass. We get multi-colored soap paint. Dip a cocktail tube or a round “blower” into it and blow bubbles directly onto the paper. We get gentle bubble CLOUDS. They can be decorated into an interesting picture.

The bubbly clouds can be LUXURIOUS PEONIES (like the photo below). Blistered areas can be scallops on sea waves, like curly sheep skin, etc.

You can simply blow bubbles onto the surface of a sheet of paper with a straw, and then cut out a craft applique from this multi-colored sheet. An interesting idea for activities in kindergarten.

You can also paint with splashes - just SPLASH colorful paint onto the paper. A toothbrush is best for this.

Unconventional drawing

WAX-GRAPHY method.

Here is another technique that can be called CANDLE GRAPHY, or WAX GRAPHY.

Suitable for this technique white wax (or paraffin) candle. It can also be a children's wax crayon for drawing (but not just any kind). Choose chalk that has a greasy feel. Check in advance how the crayons work.

Now let's act. Draw a picture on a sheet of white paper with white chalk. Then we take watercolor (not gouache!!!) and begin to apply watery (not thick!!!) paint over the chalk lines. That is, we simply paint over our sheet of paper with colored watery paints and the invisible white wax pattern begins to appear. The paint does not cling to the wax and these places on the paper remain white.

You can draw multi-colored round mandalas in this style (with streaks of different colors). Painted autumn leaves look beautiful: leaf contours and veins are waxy, and the filling of the sheet is multi-colored (red-yellow-orange).

The night rain over the water looks beautiful. Slanting lines of rain, diverging circles on the water - it's all wax. And then we paint it with dark blue paint and get a beautiful picture of rain.

You can use wax to draw jellyfish and sea creatures. And then apply dark (blue-violet-black) tones and the sea depths will come to life.

Children are delighted when you offer them such an activity. The educator or teacher himself draws jellyfish, turtles, small tadpoles and amoebas on each sheet in advance. And then the child must find out who lives in the depths of the seas. He paints a sheet of paper and all these creatures appear under his brush.

Important rule. Before the lesson, teach the children to ROSE a sheet of paper with a wet brush, and NOT RUBBING THE SHEET WITH A BRUSH, LIKE A WASTE SPASH. Otherwise, the wax pattern may be damaged.

NIGHT pictures look beautiful using this technique. Using wax we draw one horizon line, then waves, a wax lunar path and the disk of the moon on the upper half of the sheet. Now we paint it in the colors of the night and get the sea, the moon and the white lunar path.

WINTER pictures also look good. The white lines of the wax drawing are like elements of white snow, the outlines of snowdrifts, the silhouette of a snowman, snow-covered huts - we draw all this with wax. Then the child applies blue or light blue paint and a winter landscape appears on the sheet.

But it's important– before giving these pictures to children, check for yourself whether the wax is of suitable quality. Are the lines of the design showing? What layer of paint should I apply (what is the degree of paint dilution with water)?

Unconventional drawing

Using the PRINT technique.

All children love this drawing technique. Because it gives quick and beautiful results for every child. Even the most inept artist can produce beautiful paintings. Children perceive the whole process as magic, exciting game with the magical effect of a picture appearing

In kindergarten, it is most convenient to organize the imprint technique. Let's see what materials are suitable for implementing this technique when drawing with children.

OPTION 1 – a lump of crumpled paper.

Crumpled paper gives a beautiful torn texture to the print. This is suitable for drawing the crowns of spring (yellow-green or pink) and autumn (orange-purple) trees. Paint is taken from jars or watercolors and dripped onto a bowl (jar lid). Dip a napkin into this drop, try the imprint on a rough sheet and, if you like, transfer it to paper.

OPTION 2 – corrugated cardboard.

Packaging gray cardboard is great for drawing a rose using the imprint technique. We cut the cardboard box into strips across the corrugation line. We twist the strips into a tube and secure with an elastic band or thread. We make a stamp for a green leaf from a toilet paper roll.

Also, this method of ROLL Drawing is suitable for depicting a SNAIL SPIRL. You can also make LAMB SKIN CURL.

OPTION 3 – fluffy pom-poms.

In craft stores (or on craft websites) you can buy a bag of these soft pompoms. If you attach a clothespin to each, you will get a convenient holder for work. Using the pomponography technique, you can create decor for painting flat parts of crafts. And also paint pictures of white airy dandelions in watercolors.

OPTION 4 – toilet paper roll.

There are a lot of options here, because the tube-sleeve can be given different shapes. You can cut the sleeve in half Lengthwise, and we will get a half-ring stamp - an ideal stencil for drawing fish scales or tiers of coniferous legs of a Christmas tree.

A round roll can be flattened on both sides and you will get a pointed oval - this is the shape of a flower petal, or bunny ears. A great idea for non-traditional drawing in kindergarten with younger children (bunny) or older children (flower).

The flower is more difficult than the bunny because you need to RADIALLY arrange the petals around the center of the flower.

You can also cut the EDGE OF THE ROLL into shaped petals - and you will get ready-made petals for paintings. Such stamps are just a godsend for quickly drawing bouquets and flower beds for children junior group. And even for the smallest babies in the nursery.

OPTION 5 – bubble wrap.

Packaging film with bubbles also gives an interesting print pattern, which can be used in non-traditional drawing in kindergarten. For example, make an imprint of a honeycomb (as in the picture below).

Or make a drawing of a spring or autumn tree.

OPTION 6 – potato stamps.

You can cut stamps of any shape from potato halves. Cut the potatoes in half. Wipe the wet cut of the potato with a paper napkin. On the cut using a marker we draw the outlines of the future stamp. Cut with a knife along the drawn contours.

It is better to choose oblong, elongated potatoes for stamps. So that a child's hand can comfortably grasp the potato. Below in the photo we present only two topics for such unconventional drawing - owls and tulips. But you can come up with your own options. If you add PVA glue to the paint, you can glue details (eyes, nose, handles) on top of the prints.

You can make an experimental double stamp. Cut the halves of the champagne out of two potatoes and fasten the two potatoes together by piercing them through with a toothpick and wrapping them with electrical tape or tape. Come up with a cool idea and experiment with creating stamps for it.

Unconventional drawing

PLUFFY colors.

Here's another cool material for unconventional drawing, which young children love so much. This is a VOLUME PAINT for creating puffy designs. Making this kind of paint at home is quick and easy - mix PVA glue with gouache in a bowl and add daddy’s shaving foam. We make several of these bowls (not necessarily large ones) based on the idea of ​​what we will draw with the children. For a watermelon you only need two colors - so start with that. Watermelon seeds are a simple black gouache that we drip here and there.

A variety of ideas can be implemented in this drawing technique for children in kindergarten. The simplest one is a waffle cone with ice cream. The horn is cut out of rough packaging cardboard, and we draw a waffle grid on it with a marker. The child glues the horn onto a sheet of paper (below) and lays out round balls with a three-dimensional design on it. You can give your child round templates, which he will first trace with a pencil over the edge of the horn, and then foam paint will be placed in these round outlines.

You can also put several spoons of different paints on the horn and then use the opposite end of a brush (or a wooden stick) to mix the paint into multi-colored stains. You will get a beautiful mix ice cream. A great craft for children at school or kindergarten during art classes.

Methods of working with thick paint in children's classes.

You can mix the paint on a separate tray (or on a piece of oilcloth). It’s better when each child makes his own color mixture - so we give each child his own oilcloth.

We put individual oilcloths for children on each table. Place bowls with 4 colors of paint in the center of the table. The child mixes these colors into a common puddle on his oilcloth - to the point of beautiful stains. Then a paper outline of the character is applied to the puddle (for example, seahorse). And then he lays it out to dry (the outlines of the skates must be signed with the child’s name in advance, and do not forget to remind the children to apply the unsigned side to the paint). Then the next day, when the foam paint has dried on the silhouette of the skate, you can continue working and make an appliqué of the skate in the sea waters, add spikes and algae around it, stick on shells, and pour sand on the glue.

You can try these interesting drawing techniques while working with children, both at home and in the garden. At school, this non-traditional drawing can be carried out in art classes, leaving the whole process to the child for independent creativity.

On the pages of our website you will find many more different techniques for unusual drawing paints.

We already have detailed, detailed articles on the topic:

Good luck with your creativity.
Olga Klishevskaya, especially for the site
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